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on South East Asia |
| By: | Bajo-Rubio, Oscar; Zhou, Jing |
| Abstract: | We provide in this chapter a quantitative assessment of the global effects, i.e., the effects on the countries concerned, as well as on mainland China, the European Union, the United States and the rest of the world, following an increase of Chinese direct investment in the Indo-Pacific region. The empirical methodology makes use of a Computable General Equilibrium model, which allows obtaining the consequences of changes in a particular variable on the whole economy under analysis, together with the specific effects across the different productive sectors. The results show that an increase in Chinese direct investment would have a mostly positive and significant effect on the GDP levels of the Indo-Pacific countries, especially in Pakistan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and India; and, to a lower extent, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Thailand. These results were mostly driven by increases in consumption, since investment fell in almost all cases. The effects on the other world regions proved to be very small. |
| Keywords: | Direct investment, China, Indo-Pacific, Computable General Equilibrium |
| JEL: | C68 F21 F23 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1498 |
| By: | Willem THORBECKE |
| Abstract: | Oil prices have been high and volatile. This paper investigates how oil prices affect Indonesian and South Korean stocks. Using Hamilton’s (2014) method to decompose oil prices into portions driven by shocks to aggregate demand and to oil supply, the results indicate that demand-driven oil price increases benefit sectors such as coal, iron and steel, and shipbuilding that compete in global markets. They harm sectors such as food and consumer goods that use oil for production and depend on consumer purchasing power. Supply-driven oil price increases benefit the resource sector in Indonesia and harm the airlines, electricity, and industrial transport sectors in Korea. The finding that several sectors benefit from oil price increases indicates that blanket fuel subsidies are suboptimal. The finding that many sectors suffer from oil price increases indicates that Indonesia and Korea should reduce their exposure to oil by switching to sustainable energy sources. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24070 |
| By: | Mason , Andrew (University of Hawaii at Manoa); Park, Donghyun (Asian Development Bank); Estrada, Gemma (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The population of developing Asia, in particular East Asia, is aging. Funding the needs of its growing population of older adults is the biggest socioeconomic challenge that aging presents for the region. The central objective of our paper is to analyze empirically how individuals fund their old-age needs in different economies. While developing Asian economies are the focus of our analysis, we also present results for high-income economies and non-Asian developing economies for comparative purposes. Our analysis relies heavily on wealth measures because these facilitate comparisons of flows over the life cycle, which vary strongly with age. Our analysis indicates that developing Asia’s old-age funding needs will rise substantially because of population aging between 2025 and 2065. We find that labor income will play a smaller role in funding the region’s old-age needs, while public and private transfers will play a larger role. While expanding public transfers will contribute toward old-age economic security, the region must carefully plan such expansion and avoid unsustainable generosity to safeguard the macroeconomic stability that underpinned its rapid economic growth and development. |
| Keywords: | aging; Asia; old-age economic security; public transfers |
| JEL: | J11 J14 |
| Date: | 2024–09–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0742 |
| By: | Worrawoot Jumlongnark |
| Abstract: | This article explores the challenges and opportunities faced by the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) in Thailand from a microfinance perspective. It examines the role of BAAC as a specialized financial institution in assisting underprivileged households and small businesses in accessing financial services. The study highlights the political exploitation of BAAC for populist strategies and the negative impact of corruption on the effectiveness of its operations. Additionally, it discusses the rice-pledging policy in Thailand, which was driven by political motivations and resulted in significant losses for the government. The article emphasizes the need for sustainable development strategies and decreased political interference to enhance the performance of BAAC and effectively support farmers and the poor in Thailand. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2409.03157 |
| By: | Opapun, Amnist; Khemakongkanonth, Chate; Srinuan, Pratompong |
| Abstract: | We analyzed unique panel data from NBTC to uncover Thai consumers' preference toward Over-the-top (OTT) communication service and traditional voice call in the post-Covid-19 period. Employing a dynamic panel model, we estimate the demand relationship between telecommunication services. We found that Thai consumers perceive traditional voice call and OTT communication as separate services. Moreover, they remained unchanged from pre-pandemic time. Traditional voice call service is likely used to return incoming traditional voice call. This helps the regulators in defining market around OTT communication service and traditional voice call service. |
| Keywords: | OTT communications, Substitution, Traditional voice calls, Dynamic panel model, Thailand |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb24:302469 |
| By: | Koh, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | The establishment of a single window is a crucial step in the move towards paperless trade, generating significant savings in time and money for companies as well as the different public bodies involved in foreign trade. Under the Trade Facilitation Agreement of the World Trade Organization, which entered into force in 2017, all the Organization’s members committed to maintaining or establishing a single window. Asia is home to some of the world’s largest trading economies and to several of the most advanced single windows. This report analyses and compares the main functionalities of four: those of Hong Kong, China; Japan; the Republic of Korea and Singapore. The experience of these economies offers important insights for policymakers in Latin America and the Caribbean, where single windows are generally at a much earlier stage of development. Of particular interest is the inclusion in advanced single windows in Asia of several functionalities aimed at internationalizing micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises, including by facilitating their participation in e-commerce. |
| Date: | 2024–09–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80668 |
| By: | Jamjumrus, Yuttana; Jaroonvanichkul, Suppapol |
| Abstract: | The global space industry is witnessing rapid growth and the emergence of innovative service models that were previously unimaginable . This swift expansion brings uncertainties, presenting both opportunities and challenge s Foresight is a crucial tool for systematically exploring plausible scenarios in the space industry, helping to identify potential impacts and prepare for them. This study explores the future of Thailand's space industry over the next decade using the Foresight methodo logy, specifically the Framework Foresight approach, which includes Framing, Scanning, Forecasting, and Visioning. The research process involved online data collection , an internal workshop within the Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunic ations Commission ( interviews a survey, and a workshop with stakeholders in the space industry. From these efforts, 28 trends and emerging issues were identified, leading to the development of four distinct future scenarios. Each scenario was anal yzed for potential implications with corresponding recommendations provided . The findings highlight the need for effective government support and policies, investment support, organizing human resources, and maximizing citizen benefi ts from the space sector in every scenario |
| Keywords: | Foresight, Scenario, Space Industry, Thailand |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb24:302484 |
| By: | Hurskainen, Henna |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at the development of Chinese exports to Central Asian countries after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The analysis, which relies on export data from China to Asian countries at a general product level, shows that China's exports to Central Asia have significantly increased since the start of the war. In particular, exports to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan have increased significantly. The analysis focuses on exports in Harmonized System (HS) categories 84, 85, 87, and 90. Many of the products sanctioned by the West in trade with Russia belong to these categories, but the categories also include many non-sanctioned products. Although the value of China's exports to Central Asia is still smaller than direct trade with Russia, China's exports - especially to Kyrgyzstan - have seen dramatic increases in the HS 84, 85, 87, and 90 categories. Along with the export growth from China to Central Asia, exports in these categories from Central Asia to Russia have also increased significantly. |
| Keywords: | China, Central Asia, Russia, exports |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bofitb:303041 |
| By: | Tan, Zi Ling; Lim, Siok Jin |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the dynamic interrelationship between Ethereum and key stock indices in the Asian-Pacific region, focusing on its potential role as a diversification tool for equity investors. Utilizing a Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Dynamic Conditional Correlation (MGARCH-DCC) model, we analyse daily closing prices from November 2018 to November 2023 across four developed Asian stock markets—China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Malaysia—alongside Ethereum. The findings reveal that Ethereum exhibits distinctive volatility patterns compared to traditional stock indices, with conditional correlations fluctuating significantly over time. Notably, Ethereum demonstrates weak correlations with Malaysian stocks, suggesting potential diversification benefits for investors in this market. The study contributes to the growing literature on cryptocurrency's financial integration, offering insights into the hedging properties of Ethereum amidst evolving market dynamics in the Asian-Pacific region. |
| Keywords: | Ethereum, Asian-Pacific stock indices, Multivariate-GARCH, Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC), Cryptocurrency, Financial integration, Diversification, Volatility, Hedging, Emerging markets |
| JEL: | G15 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121786 |
| By: | Wongmith, Natnaree; Phuengngern, Ornvipa |
| Abstract: | With the advancement of digital technology, governments have created more channels for citizens to access accessing government services. However, there are disparities in accessibility and utilization of the services, leading to uneven benefits across the population. This study investigated the determinant factors of e-government service utilization and identified the sociodemographic characteristics and technological usage of individuals who used and did not use the services. The study analyzed data from 2023 Nationwide Telecommunications Usage Behavior and Device Access Survey (n = 42, 335). Chi-squared test, z-test and, and binary logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. The findings indicated that age, education, geographical location, mobile broadband technology, and type of data cap are significant predictors of e-government utilization. |
| Keywords: | Digital divide, E-Government service utilization, Mobile internet access, Prepaid service, Postpaid service, Survey research |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb24:302471 |