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on South East Asia |
| By: | Ulep, Valerie Gilbert T.; Casas, Lyle Daryll D.; Bagas, Joy |
| Abstract: | This report presents a framework for categorizing nutrition expenditures of national government agencies. The framework was developed through extensive literature review and validation sessions with government agencies. It consists of five levels of classification elements: major intervention classification, program domain, program component classification, and specific interventions. Additionally, it includes three markers to group and label nutrition-related line-item expenditures: risk factors of malnutrition, nutrition intervention focus area, and population demographic group. The national government can utilize this framework to evaluate the adequacy and efficiency of public spending on nutrition. Furthermore, it can be used to assess the alignment of public spending with the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN), as well as with reform actions such as Universal Healthcare (UHC) and multi-sectoral and life-course approaches to health and nutrition. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | budget tagging;expenditure tracking;nutrition;Philippines |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2024-07 |
| By: | Trung, Tran Thanh; Vinh, Vo Xuan |
| Abstract: | The digital economy has bridged the gap between countries, making transaction activities more convenient. The trend of cross-border e-commerce has exploded in many countries, consumers can now easily access millions of products from various vendors worldwide by simply visiting e-commerce sites. This creates opportunities for Vietnamese consumers to have easier access to US goods, a country with a very high level of industry, industrialization and development. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants that influence the socio-psychological factors on cross-border purchasing behavior in Vietnam. This article is based on the realistic group conflict theory, social identity theory, and cognitive dissonance theory, and proposes a conceptual framework with 9 components and 13 research hypotheses. The analysis was conducted using a quantitative descriptive analysis, measuring variable dimensions on a questionnaire with a seven-point Likert scale, and utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. The research results, based on a survey of 1, 041 consumers in Vietnam, show that there are five key factors that significantly impact the product judgments of consumers in Vietnam. These factors include consumer affinity, consumer cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism, price competitiveness, and product uniqueness. Additionally, there are four factors that play a crucial role in determining the level of trust that Vietnamese consumers have in a product. These factors are product judgments, consumer affinity, consumer cosmopolitanism, and consumer ethnocentrism. Finally, there are two factors (consumer trust and product judgments) that greatly influence the cross-border purchasing behavior of Vietnamese consumers. This understanding can then be used to develop marketing policies that improve the competitiveness of domestic enterprises compared to imported products. |
| Date: | 2024–08–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nf6gq |
| By: | Ansari, Dawud; Gehrung, Rosa Melissa; Pepe, Jacopo Maria |
| Abstract: | The competition for carbon capture, storage, and utilisation is intensifying. Historically dominated by North America, the lead in this technology is now being seized by key players across Asia - reaching from Saudi Arabia to Japan. Unlike traditional energy (transition) geopolitics, this new arena prioritises technology, geology, and industrial leadership over raw materials. For Germany and Europe, the developments imply a need for more pragmatism in climate diplomacy and policy instruments. Moreover, to keep pace with competitors, policymakers should adopt a proactive approach to CCS vis-à-vis technology and industry. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS, Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage, CCUS, Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage, DACCS, blue hydrogen, energy transition, Paris Agreement, Gulf states, Australia, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, USA, Canada, technopolitics, geopolitics, industrial leadership, technological competition |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:302121 |
| By: | Ulep, Valerie Gilbert T.; Uy, Jhanna; Casas, Lyle Daryll D.; Nkoroi, Alice; Galera, Rene Gerard Jr.; Ferrer, Eldridge; Duante, Charmaine A.; Bahwere, Paluku; Mutunga, Mueni; Nkomani, Sanele |
| Abstract: | In low-resource settings, obtaining accurate weight-for-height Z-scores can be challenging. This is due to factors such as the lack of equipment to measure height and weight accurately and the minimal training of community health workers. To address this issue, the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) serves as a simple tool to identify wasted children. However, some researchers and practitioners argue that relying solely on MUAC may fail to identify many wasted children, leading to delayed intervention and potential death. This study aims to determine the most effective MUAC cutoffs for accurately detecting wasting based on Weight-for-Height z-scores (WHZ) in Filipino children aged 6-59 months. To achieve this, the 2018-2019 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) was analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MUAC cutoffs in identifying moderate and severe wasting. The optimal cutoff is defined as the cutoff that yields the highest AUROC curve. The findings indicate that the current MUAC cutoffs demonstrated poor performance in identifying severe wasting (sensitivity: 13%; specificity: 99%; AUROC: 0.558) and moderate wasting (sensitivity: 22%; specificity: 96%; AUROC: 0.0586). The optimal MUAC cutoff for identifying severe wasting was found to be <13.6cm (sensitivity: 62%; specificity: 76%; AUROC: 0.690), while for moderate wasting, the optimal cutoff was 14.0cm (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 67%; AUROC: 0.737). Although the optimal MUAC cutoff was not significantly influenced by gender, it did vary with age. A combination of WAZ < -2 or MUAC ≤ 12.7cm (sensitivity: 84%; specificity: 78%; AUROC: 0.810) for moderate wasting and WAZ < -2 or MUAC ≤ 11.7cm (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 80%; AUROC: 0.800) for severe wasting provided the optimal criteria. These cutoffs demonstrated significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity, albeit with acceptable decreases in specificity. The results from this study aim to contribute to the development of local and global evidence to enhance the identification and management of acute malnutrition. This will improve access and coverage of the Philippine Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (PIMAM) services. Thus, it is essential to consider alternative case definitions that incorporate both Weight-for-Age Z-score (WAZ) and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) when Weight-for-Height Z-score (WHZ) indicators are not feasible. Furthermore, conducting additional implementation studies is crucial to validate these findings and gain insights into their practical application and cost implications for the health system. This approach will support effective and sustainable improvements in identifying and treating acute malnutrition in the Philippines. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | wasting;mid-upper arm circumference;weight-for-age;weight-for-height;Philippines |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2024-08 |
| By: | Lieke, Sophie-Dorothe; Adhi, Andriyono Kilat |
| Abstract: | While consumers in palm oil-importing countries mainly encounter palm oil as an ingredient, consumers in palm oil-producing nations additionally rely on it as their primary cooking oil. Using focus group discussions across low, middle- and high-income groups (10 groups, n=81), this paper considers underrepresented consumer perspectives by examining how the situational context in urban Indonesia influences the significance of palm oil and its consumption patterns. Palm oil catalyzes cultural practices, ensures food security and contributes to income generation. We identify perceived structural and cultural barriers inhibiting consumer-driven and local demand for more sustainable palm oil, and importantly who in consumers’ eyes carry the responsibility and power to materialise these changes. This ensures that the call for improved food sustainability is not unilateral, but that action is tailored and administered at appropriate levels. Nonetheless, challenges persist as for Indonesians palm oil truly serves as so much more than just an ingredient. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gausfs:344920 |
| By: | Pantig, Ida Marie T.; Lorenzo, Pauline Joy M.; Ramos, Tatum P. |
| Abstract: | The integration of different levels of local health systems into Province- or City-wide Health Systems (P/CWHS) in the Philippines is a reform that is designed to help the achievement of a responsive and efficient health system, financial and social risk protection, and better health outcomes. The majority of Universal Health Care Integration Sites (UISs) have already achieved the Key Result Areas (KRAs) for the Preparatory and Organized Levels. Using the case study approach, this study aimed to explore how local government units (LGUs) and other stakeholders have navigated through the transition process given existing policies and frameworks. It looked into the P/CWHS components and the experiences of the provinces of Bataan and South Cotabato in the integration process, and determined enabling and facilitating factors, innovations, and challenges. Enabling and facilitating factors include LGU initiative and appreciation of P/CWHS benefits; partnerships of provinces with national government agencies (NGAs), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), development agencies, and private sector that provide technical and financial assistance; presence of legal instruments; and optimization of existing monitoring systems. LGUs have also carried out innovative practices such as documenting efforts during the initial stages and engaging development partners and NGOs that increase understanding of P/CWHS, help address challenging KRA and Health Care Provider Network (HCPN) requirements, and generally facilitate transition. Challenges have, nevertheless, been encountered. These obstacles include the limited awareness of the LGU roles and responsibilities, time and resource costs of requirements to fully integrate and transition, piecemeal understanding of P/CWHS and Universal Health Care (UHC) reforms among local leaders, lack of guidance on how the private sector can integrate, lack of technical assistance from the Central Office, and lack of interoperability of datasets from various health information systems of provinces. Given the findings, this study provides the following policy recommendations to scale up the integration efforts: ensure proper communication of accurate information to stakeholders; jumpstart discussions on private sector integration into the HCPN; implement, evaluate, and progressively enhance the financing reforms to be implemented; provide resources to augment LGU funding for transition requirements; and incorporate plans to ensure optimal participation of the population in the P/CWHS. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | UHC Law;province-wide health system;integrated health systems;health care provider network;inter-LGU cooperation;Universal health coverage |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2024-09 |
| By: | Juhro, Solikin M.; Kuantan, Dhaha Praviandi; Oktaviandhi, Nadhil Auzan |
| Abstract: | This study explores the response of non-financial corporations and financial intermediaries to recent regulatory changes in Indonesia’s downstream sector. It examines their participation, constraints, and funding requirements. The research employs a qualitative descriptive design, incorporating both a structured questionnaire and network analysis based on detailed financial data. The focus is on key sectors driving the development of downstream industries in Indonesia, such as palm oil processing, nickel-aluminum smelting, and vehicle assembly. The findings reveal that downstream processing generally enhances corporate performance, but the benefits are disproportionately skewed toward large enterprises. Small firms, on the other hand, encounter significant challenges, including limited processing capacity, inadequate funding, and restricted access to loans, which hinder their active participation in downstream activities. To fully realize the potential benefits of downstream processing, the study suggests that financial policies must be reformed to support businesses of all sizes across different stages of the supply chain. Additionally, improving access to financing is essential to enable smaller firms to participate more effectively in these activities. These measures would provide critical support to companies, particularly those operating at the lower levels of the value chain, thereby fostering economic growth at the local level. |
| Keywords: | Downstreaming, Financing Policies, Industrial Manufacturing, Indonesia, Supply Chain Finance |
| JEL: | L60 L70 |
| Date: | 2024–08–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121868 |
| By: | Pagel, Jeffrey; Sileci, Lorenzo |
| Abstract: | One potential nature-based solution to jointly address poverty and environmental concerns is large-scale tree planting. This study examines the National Greening Program (NGP) in the Philippines, a major tree planting initiative involving 80, 522 localized projects that directly or indirectly generated hundreds of thousands of jobs. Utilizing a dynamic difference-in-differences approach that leverages the staggered implementation of the NGP, we find a significant and sizable reduction in poverty, measured via traditional and remotely sensed indicators. The NGP also spurred structural shifts, notably decreasing agricultural employment while boosting unskilled labor and service sector jobs. Our analysis estimates that the NGP sequestered 71.4 to 303 MtCO2 over a decade, achieving a cost efficiency of $2 to $10 per averted tCO2. These findings underscore the potential of tree planting as a dual-purpose strategy for climate mitigation and poverty alleviation. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 J1 |
| Date: | 2024–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125259 |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This review examines Vietnam's eighth Power Development Plan (PDP8), analyzing how it reveals tensions between traditional energy planning concepts and emerging realities. PDP8 aimed to balance renewable energy and natural gas priorities amidst Vietnam's rapidly changing energy landscape. The planning process struggled to incorporate uncertainties like technology cost declines and global energy crises. Although following a conventional optimization approach, PDP8 underwent repeated delays and pivots, pointing to misalignment between rational planning ideals and implementation constraints. The case study highlights the limitations of 'plan to build' methods focused on rigid engineering blueprints. Instead, Vietnam's energy transition requires strategic approaches that embrace flexibility and scenario analysis. Based on years of participative observation, two interview surveys, and extensive corpus analysis, the review traces PDP8's evolution towards more open-ended strategies. While still detailing infrastructure projects, PDP8 defines adaptive implementation mechanisms and conditional goals dependent on external finance. This shift from project lists to navigational thinking illustrates the need for energy planning to incorporate uncertainty and maintain the capacity to adjust. PDP8 represents a transitional compromise between traditional ten-year planning and emerging 'plan to drive' concepts focused on navigating change with annual updates to the Plan. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude de cas examine le huitième Plan de Développement Électrique du Vietnam (PDP8), en mettant en lumière les tensions entre les concepts traditionnels de planification énergétique et les réalités émergentes. Le PDP8 visait à équilibrer les priorités entre les énergies renouvelables et le gaz naturel dans un paysage énergétique vietnamien en rapide évolution. Le processus de planification a eu du mal à intégrer des incertitudes comme la baisse des coûts technologiques et les crises énergétiques mondiales. Bien qu'il suive une approche d'optimisation conventionnelle, le PDP8 a subi des retards répétés et des réorientations, indiquant un décalage entre les idéaux de planification rationnelle et les contraintes de mise en œuvre. Cette étude de cas met en évidence les limites des méthodes de 'planification pour construire' centrées sur des plans d'ingénierie rigides. Au lieu de cela, la transition énergétique du Vietnam nécessite des approches stratégiques qui embrassent la flexibilité et l'analyse de scénarios. Basée sur des années d'observation participative, deux enquêtes d'entretiens et une analyse approfondie du corpus, l'étude retrace l'évolution du PDP8 vers des stratégies plus ouvertes. Tout en détaillant encore les projets d'infrastructure, le PDP8 définit des mécanismes de mise en œuvre adaptatifs et des objectifs conditionnels dépendant de financements externes. Ce passage de listes de projets à une réflexion axée sur la navigation illustre la nécessité pour la planification énergétique d'intégrer l'incertitude et de maintenir la capacité d'adaptation. Le PDP8 représente un compromis transitoire entre la planification traditionnelle sur dix ans et les concepts émergents de 'planification pour diriger' axés sur la gestion du changement avec des mises à jour annuelles du Plan. |
| Keywords: | Power System Planning, Energy transition, Vietnam, Case study, Adaptative strategies |
| Date: | 2024–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04683709 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Over the past four decades, the emergence and consolidation of global supply chains has become a widely studied managerial reality. The reference model is that of an interdependent worldwide network, in which the exchange of goods has never been easier and less costly. But are we aware that global supply chains are also the source of the spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, with ever-increasing health risks for populations? This paper sheds light on this dark side of globalisation, which we urgently need to take fully into account. |
| Keywords: | Disease, Global supply chain, Asian tiger mosquito |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04671688 |
| By: | Tavishi Choudhary (Greenwich, Connecticut, United States of America) |
| Abstract: | 53% of adults in the US acknowledge racial bias as a significant issue, 23% of Asian adults experience cultural and ethnic bias, and more than 60% conceal their cultural heritage after racial abuse (Ruiz 2023). AI models like ChatGPT and Google Bard, trained on historically biased data, inadvertently amplify racial and ethnic bias and stereotypes. This paper addresses the issue of racial bias in AI models using scientific, evidence-based analysis and auditing processes to identify biased responses from AI models and develop a mitigation tool. The methodology involves creating a comprehensive database of racially biased questions, terms, and phrases from thousands of legal cases, Wikipedia, and surveys, and then testing them on AI Models and analyzing the responses through sentiment analysis and human evaluation, and eventually creation of an 'AI-BiasAudit, ' tool having a racial-ethnic database for social science researchers and AI developers to identify and prevent racial bias in AI models. |
| Keywords: | data bias, digital law, diversity, ethical artificial intelligence, ethnic bias, inequality, racial bias, sentiment analysis |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0400 |
| By: | Asri Yusrina; Athia Yumna; Akhmadi; Sri Budiyati; Asep Suryahadi |
| Keywords: | birth certificate, female heads of household, marriage, divorce |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agg:wpaper:546 |
| By: | Garcia-Hombrados, Jorge (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid); Novak, Lindsey (Reed College) |
| Abstract: | A sizable share of marriages in several Asian and African countries are initiated by the man abducting the woman he wishes to wed. In this paper, we use quantitative and qualitative methods to characterize the practice of abduction marriage in Ethiopia. We first present the results from in-depth qualitative surveys with community leaders and abducted women in the Gambella region of Ethiopia to gain a deeper understanding of how the practice functions in these communities. These interviews suggest that abduction is typically used to overcome the refusal of the woman's family. Second, we use Demographic and Health Survey along with ethnographic data to characterize women and ethnic groups affected by this practice in Ethiopia. Finally, we empirically examine the central hypothesis about the persistence of this practice and find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that men often use abduction to improve bargaining power in marriage negotiations and reduce the size of the bride price payment. Specifically, we demonstrate that droughts - a proxy for income shocks in this setting - increase the probability of abduction marriage only for women from ethnic groups that traditionally exchange a bride price. |
| Keywords: | abduction marriage, marriage markets, social norms, bride price |
| JEL: | D1 D7 I3 J1 O1 Z1 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17242 |
| By: | Gimiseve, Harry; Miamba, Nelson; Na’ata, Bartholomew; Dorosh, Paul; Schmidt, Emily; Yadav, Shweta |
| Abstract: | In 2023, Papua New Guinea introduced a partial ban on poultry imports from Australia and Asian countries (representing about 70 percent of total PNG poultry imports) in response to the biosecurity threat posed by Avian Influenza (bird flu). Such a restriction on supply has the potential to lead to sharp price increases, steep reductions in household consumption and greater food insecurity. This memo presents an overview of PNG’s poultry sector and describes an analysis of the ef fects of these trade restrictions on poultry prices, production and consumption using a partial equilibrium model of PNG’s poultry sector. This new analysis builds on earlier work (Dorosh and Schmidt, 2023) that explored the implications of a total ban on poultry imports, by simulating the impacts of a partial poultry ban, including the effects on various household groups within PNG. |
| Keywords: | PAPUA NEW GUINEA; OCEANIA; poultry; imports; biosecurity; avian influenza; supply; prices; household consumption; food security; trade |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pngprn:13 |
| By: | Jean-Éric Pelet (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Bonnie Canziani (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, USA); Nic Terblanche (Stellenbosch University) |
| Abstract: | ◦Purpose Teaching wine tasting online is challenging, even given the curated digital tools of the Wine & Spirit Education Trust, a highly renowned online wine certification system is used. This paper initially explores wine experts' opinions about online wine education and subsequently examines the feasibility of customizing wine appreciation lexicons to Chinese learners. ◦Design/methodology/approach A two-study multimethod approach was adopted. Study 1, a two-stage Delphi study, was conducted with seventeen wine experts representing a number of countries, using a mix of closed/open-ended questions in an online survey. Data was collected in a market study in Study 2, conducted at agricultural markets in Thailand (pilot test) and China. Dialogues with market sellers were undertaken, evoking mental imagery of wine descriptors to explore the relevance of traditional versus local aromas and flavors to describe wine. ◦Findings Findings concentrate on three main areas: general advantages/disadvantages of online wine education, reactions towards asynchronous/synchronous methods of wine tasting, and lastly, feasibility of customizing a wine appreciation lexicon for Chinese learners. ◦Originality The article presents novel insights into the role of online wine education in China. |
| Keywords: | China, Delphi study, Learning management systems, Online wine tasting evaluation, WSET certification, Sensorial marketing China Delphi study Market study Learning management systems Online wine tasting evaluation Sensorial marketing WSET certification, Sensorial marketing China, Market study, Sensorial marketing, China Delphi study Market study Learning management systems Online wine tasting evaluation Sensorial marketing WSET certification alcohol consumption in emerging markets, WSET certification alcohol consumption in emerging markets |
| Date: | 2024–08–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04670360 |
| By: | Ibtissam Zejjari (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah); Issam Benhayoun (UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Keeping up with the hastily growing economy implies undergoing unremitting transformation permanently. In the field of supply chain, such progress can only be guaranteed via the exploration of new horizons and innovative solutions in response to the constraints of the global market. Emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, offer promising avenues for enhancing supply chain processes, with sustainability ascending as a critical consideration. Despite the recent surfacing of AI-driven applications, scant attention has been devoted to exploring their full potential within supply chain operations, particularly in conjunction with SDGs. Recognizing the untapped opportunities presented by the implementation of AI for a sustainable supply chain this study undertakes a bibliometric analysis of 236 research papers sourced from the Web of science database. The analysis utilizes R language BiblioShiny to examine the extracted papers, and dissect patterns, trends, and relationships among key concepts and themes as well as prominent topics, impactful authors, and leading journals and countries in this domain. The findings reveal substantial growth in research related to SCM, AI, and sustainability as the UK leads this field of study with 132 articles followed by India, China and the USA. Eventually, the National University of Singapore came first in terms of paper affiliations, followed by De La Salle University, and London Metropolitan University. These results only prove that sustainability is becoming more critical in the equation of AI-driven supply chains especially with the current socio-political and economic circumstances, constituting a solid base for further academic research and more innovations in the managerial and business-related policies in this field. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable supply chain Artificial intelligence Sustainability Bibliometric analysis R language, Sustainable supply chain, Artificial intelligence, Sustainability, Bibliometric analysis, R language |
| Date: | 2024–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04671595 |