|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Dian Masita Dewi (Faculty of Management and Business, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Ikhwan Faizal Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management and Business, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Teddy Aris Sambe Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management and Business, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - Different countries have different policies towards cryptocurrencies. In Indonesia, cryptocurrency is prohibited as a means of payment or transaction. The prohibition is stated in Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI) Number 18/40/PBI/2016 concerning the Implementation of Payment Transaction Processing. However, cryptocurrencies are recognized as long-term commodities or investment assets, so their supervision is carried out by the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (bappepti) and regulated in Bappebti Regulation No. 7 of 2020 concerning the Determination of the List of Crypto Assets that Can be Traded on the Crypto Asset Physical Market. This study aims to analyze the differences in return and risk on the 5 cryptocurrencies with the largest market capitalization in Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach, and secondary data is used. The population in this study consisted of 383 cryptocurrencies that were legal and registered with Bappepti from 2020 to 2022. The sample was determined using purposive sampling to determine the top 5 cryptocurrencies with the largest market capitalization during the observation period from January 2020 to September 2022. The data analysis technique used the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings - The results showed no significant differences in return and risk between Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, BNB, and USD coins. Empirically, this study proves that each cryptocurrency has the same risk and return. Novelty - This research was conducted in Indonesia with regulations that may differ from other countries towards cryptocurrencies. As a long-term commodity investment asset, this study finds empirical evidence that each cryptocurrency has the same risk and return. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Cryptocurrency; Investment; Return; Risk; Bappepti |
| JEL: | G11 G18 G28 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr233 |
| By: | Tue Minh Nguyen Le (Faculty of Business Administration, FPT Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam Author-2-Name: Thien Huynh Pham Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, FPT Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam Author-3-Name: Than Chi Tran Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, FPT Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam Author-4-Name: Ngan Thanh Trang Nguyen Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, FPT Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Let's look into the sustainable entrepreneurial goals of university students in Can Tho, Vietnam, as well as the roles that demographic factors like gender, age, occupation, and marital status played in the process. Methodology/Technique - In addition, the study investigates how factors such as the current school year, school entrepreneurship training, family generation, field of study, and family business might affect a person's sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. The information needed for this research came from the participation of 284 student respondents who were enrolled in a variety of institutions in Can Tho, Vietnam. Finding - The study used t-tests and ANOVA to examine relationships between demographic factors (gender, age, occupation, and marriage) and current school year, school entrepreneurship training, family generation, field of study, and family business in relation to sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. Researchers were particularly interested in determining whether or not there was a link between these criteria and the ambition to maintain a viable business venture. According to the findings, the field of study and the current school year have a significant bearing on the students' plans to engage in environmentally responsible business. Novelty - These results contribute to our understanding of the demographic factors that play a role in determining the degree to which students attending institutions in Can Tho, Vietnam, have an interest in launching their own companies. These results may provide information useful to policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders in establishing targeted interventions and support systems to encourage sustainable entrepreneurship among students in the area. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions; University students; Can Tho, Vietnam |
| JEL: | L26 L31 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr650 |
| By: | Duy-Hong Nguyen (Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi and Vietnam Author-2-Name: Bob Goldwasser Author-2-Workplace-Name: College of Business Columbia, Southern University Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - The global expansion of container shipping has intensified challenges related to empty container logistics, significantly impacting supply chain efficiency and costs. In Vietnam, like in other regions, the repositioning of empty containers incurs high expenses and inefficiencies in the supply chain. To optimize container utilization and mitigate these challenges, Container Round-Use Platforms (CRUPs) have emerged as innovative solutions. Methodology/Technique - This study aims to identify factors influencing the adoption of Container Round-Use Platforms in the Vietnamese supply chain and examine the relationship and degree of influence between these factors and the platform's adoption. Employing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the research explores contextual factors at the firm level that influence technological innovation adoption. The data was collected through an online survey with the participation of 349 valid respondents during July 2023. Finding - The survey data are analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that factors, including cost, ease of use, usefulness, relative advantage, firm size, top management support, and workforce, significantly influence the adoption of the Container Round-Use Platforms. By exploring these factors comprehensively, this research not only validates established adoption drivers but also unveils novel insights into enhancing CRUPs adoption strategies in Vietnam. Novelty - This study contributes uniquely to the literature by bridging theoretical gaps and offering practical implications for stakeholders seeking to enhance logistical efficiency and sustainability through advanced technological solutions in container logistics. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Container Round-Use Platforms, PLS-SEM, TOE framework, Vietnam, Vietnamese supply chain. |
| JEL: | L91 O33 R41 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr648 |
| By: | Christophe Muller (Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques); Marc Vothknecht (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how ethnic solidarities and rivalries contribute to |
| Date: | 2024–06–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:fsug24:15 |
| By: | Chengwei Xu (Graduate School of International Relations, International University of Japan, Japan); Guanie Lim (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | In anticipation of the impending memberships of China, the UK, and Taiwan in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), this paper analyses the three economies’ foreign direct investment (FDI) flows entering the region over the last 20 years. Several findings are noteworthy. Firstly, the UK outinvested China and Taiwan between 1995 and 2008. However, its preponderance has been trimmed in the years after the 2008 global financial crisis. Secondly, UK FDI is largely geared towards Singapore and Malaysia, suggesting the resilience of former colonial ties. FDI from China predominantly enters its immediate neighbours (e.g., Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia) and those sharing sociopolitical similarities with it (i.e., Singapore and Indonesia). Taiwanese firms invested relatively more in Vietnam and the Philippines, which are adjacent to Taiwan. Thirdly, all three FDI donors invested mostly in the tertiary sector. Nevertheless, relative to China, the UK and Taiwan channelled more of their FDI towards manufacturing activities. The findings could provide essential evidence to understand or anticipate which economy will play a more significant role in the region’s political and economic affairs especially when their CPTPP membership is ratified. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:24-05 |
| By: | Dwi Rahmadi Nur Fathoni (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Evi Noor Afifah (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to determine the effect of internet usage on entrepreneurship in Indonesia. Probit regression is used in this study because the dependent variable is a binary category that indicates a family’s involvement in entrepreneurial activities. The data used in this study is secondary data sourced from the Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) in 2020 and 2021. The results show that internet usage increases the probability of entrepreneurship in Indonesia by 7.4 percentage points and is statistically significant. Further analysis shows that the effect of the internet is greater for necessity-based entrepreneurship and only affects rural areas in Indonesia. This research may have implications to add to the literature for entrepreneurship development in Indonesia to compete globally. |
| Keywords: | internet, entrepreneurship, probit, susenas, Indonesia. |
| JEL: | D1 J1 M2 O1 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202403005 |
| By: | Nurrachmi, Rininta; Duasa, Jarita; ariffin, muhammad irwan; afroz, rafia |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between income inequality and environmental degradation in ASEAN-6 countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam. It also provide analysis from the Islamic perspective based on result of the econometric regression. The study utilizes annual panel data from1992 until 2015 where the region suffered from high income distribution and environmental degradation. The analytical tool used in the study is Bias-Corrected Least Squared Dummy Variable (LSDVC), which is sufficient for small panel data. The methodological approach leads to two main findings. First, income inequality, measured by Gini coefficient, is contributing to environmental degradation (proxied by CO2 emission and Natural Resources Depletion) in the short- and long-run term. Other explanatory variables namely GDP per capita and energy consumption, also impact significantly on environmental degradation level in the short- and long-term. From the findings, it is recommended that greater investment is required in addressing high level of income inequality and environmental issues. Instruments in Islam such as zakat and waqf provide solution to overcome issue of high income gap and environmental degradation in ASEAN-6 countries, moreover majority of Muslim population located in ASEAN countries. Hence, collaboration should be enhanced among the ASEAN-6 countries where wealth distribution, technology and knowledge sharing from high income countries to low and middle-income in ASEAN countries to mitigate the negative impact of high income inequality and environmental issue in the region. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN, environmental degradation, income inequality. |
| JEL: | C0 C01 E6 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121513 |
| By: | Autio, Erkko (Imperial College Business School); Chiyachantana, Chiraphol (Singapore Management University); Castillejos-Petalcorin, Cynthia (Asian Development Bank); Fu, Kun (Loughborough University London); Habaradas, Raymund (De La Salle University); Jinjarak, Yothin (Asian Development Bank); Muftiadi, Anang (Universitas Padjadjaran); Park, Donghyun (Asian Development Bank); Prasarnphanich, Pattarawan (Chulalongkorn University); Quyên, Pham Minh (Thu Dau Mot University); Smit, Willem (Fulbright University Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | This report investigates the impact of digitalization on firm-level performance using survey data from 681 digital entrepreneurs across six Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Results show that the reliance of the business on select digital applications and the digitalization of different aspects of the firm’s business models were found to be potent drivers of business model experimentation in entrepreneurial businesses. We also observed consistent mediation effects of digitalization variables on performance through their effect on business model experimentation, although the digitalization variables also exhibited strong direct effects on performance. This last observation signals that the adoption of digital technologies by entrepreneurial businesses has more wide-ranging beneficial impacts than their facilitating effect on business model experimentation. We consider the findings reported here to be of significant value for the design of entrepreneurial and digitalization policies in Asian developing economies and in emerging economies more widely. Our analysis points to important performance implications of digital technology adoption by entrepreneurial businesses. |
| Keywords: | digitalization; business model innovation; entrepreneurial performance; ASEAN; sustainability performance |
| JEL: | L26 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–07–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0734 |
| By: | Takahiro Akita (IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan) |
| Abstract: | This study develops a two-stage hierarchical inequality decomposition method as an analytical framework for the examination of the roles of rural/urban location and education in income inequality. It compares this method with a non-hierarchical inequality decomposition method. In the two-stage hierarchical inequality decomposition method, a hierarchical structure of a country is considered, where individuals are classified first into the rural and urban sectors and then into several education groups. Using the Theil indices, overall income inequality is decomposed hierarchically into the following three components: the between-sector, within-sector between-group, and within-sector within-group inequality components. The between-sector component evaluates income disparity between the rural and urban sectors, while the within-sector between-group component evaluates income inequality among the education groups, but adjusted for rural-urban differences in the structure of educational attainment. The within-sector within-group component assesses inequality within the education groups. In the non-hierarchical inequality decomposition method, overall income inequality is decomposed simultaneously but non-hierarchically based on individual attributes. In the context of location and education, overall income inequality, as measured by the Theil indices, is decomposed non-hierarchically into the following four components: the between-sector, between-group, location-education interaction, and within-sector within-group inequality components. The location-education interaction component assesses the extent of rural-urban differences in the income disparity among the education groups. It can take a negative value. Based on nation-wide household surveys, this study also presents the results of hierarchical and non-hierarchical inequality decomposition analyses for Indonesia and the Philippines. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: roles of location and education in income inequality, Theil indices, two-stage hierarchical inequality decomposition method, non-hierarchical inequality decomposition method, Indonesia, the Philippines |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2024_06 |
| By: | Weni Susanti (Universitas Tridinanti Palembang, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Kamaludin Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia " Author-3-Name: Berto Usman Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia " Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study investigates the phenomenon of herding behavior among investors in Indonesia's Shariah banks. In this situation, market participants tend to follow prevailing market trends without engaging in comprehensive fundamental analysis. Methodology/Technique – Specifically, the research examines the influence of investors' religious understanding as a mediating variable on their decision-making processes within the Shariah financial sector. Notably, the study addresses whether investors are more inclined to mimic market movements or rely on independent analysis when investing in Sharia-compliant banks. It is commonly observed that rumors can precipitate rash trading decisions among investors, leading to the buying or selling of shares even in the absence of substantial changes in asset fundamentals (Bommel, 2003). Findings – Employing a quantitative approach, this study utilizes path analysis to explore the impact of religious understanding on herding behavior. Although prior research has extensively investigated herding behavior, the introduction of religious understanding as a mediating variable offers a new dimension to assess the correlation between religiosity and market behavior. This aspect has not been widely examined in previous segmentations. The sample comprises data from 15 Islamic Banks in Indonesia, analyzed using associative data analysis techniques with AMOS software. Findings indicate significant positive relationships between stock returns and herding behavior, trading volume and herding behavior, and the level of Islamic understanding and herding behavior in these banks. Novelty – However, these relationships do not hold when Islamic understanding is applied as a mediating variable. This suggests that the level of religious understanding acts as a direct influencer rather than a mediator in herding behavior among investors in Indonesian Islamic banks. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Herding behavior, Stock returns, Trading volume, Level of Understanding of Islam. |
| JEL: | G41 D81 C58 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr222 |
| By: | Inphonephong, Souphalack; Phounvisouk, L.; Sonethavixay, Sengphachanh; Maniphet, P.; Soulinh, T.; Vanhnalat, B.; Sisengnam, K.; Vongthilath, S. |
| Abstract: | The report documents the institutional meetings and discussions taking place between 26-30 November 2023 when a delegation from Lao PDR visited Vietnan. Overall aim of the visit was to enhance institutional cooperation between policy researchers and policy makers for more effective policy formulation. The Lao team learnt about options to strengthen policy implementation, like through formulating specific strategies, supporting farmers to adopt suitable technologies/innovations, and bringing research evidence into the policy formulation process. As the term “agroecology” is new to some stakeholders links to existing practices have to be shown, accompanied by advocating its benefits from a broader view perspective. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2023–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:344118 |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Do, Minh N. N.; Cuong Viet Nguyen |
| Abstract: | Very few studies have examined the impacts of both climate change and air pollution on student education outcomes, particularly in a developing country setting. Analyzing a rich database consisting of household and school surveys, test scores, and temperature and air pollution data over the past decade for Viet Nam, we find that a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in the month preceding exams leads to 0.015 and 0.010 standard deviation decreases in math and reading scores, respectively. We also find some indicative evidence of stronger impacts of air pollution for younger, primary school students who reside in urban areas and in districts with higher temperatures. While we find some mixed effects of temperature, we do not find significant effects on students' test scores for temperature extremes and air pollution over the past 12 months. Our findings offer policy-relevant inputs for the country's ongoing efforts to fight air pollution. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, climate change, weather extremes, education, Viet Nam |
| JEL: | O12 I10 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1464 |
| By: | Zurina Ismail (Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Wan Nazihah Wan Mohamed Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia. " Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - The increasing concern surrounding automotive product recalls has captured the attention of stakeholders due to the significant potential risks faced by consumers. These recalls have a profound impact on the public perception of automakers. While numerous studies have investigated the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), reputation, and consumer behaviour, there has been a notable lack of research on the influence of CSR and reputation on consumers' intention to purchase automotive brands specifically. To address this research gap, a comprehensive quantitative study was conducted, involving the distribution of questionnaires to 419 automotive customers in Malaysia. Methodology/Technique - The collected data from 419 automotive customers in Malaysia were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), which allowed for the testing and confirmation of both measurement and structural models. Findings - Economic responsibility, legal and ethical responsibility, and philanthropic responsibility were found to significantly affect organizational reputation. However, only economic responsibility and philanthropic responsibility influence the intention to purchase when mediated by organizational reputation. By examining the impact of CSR and reputation on Malaysian customers' intention to purchase, this study provides valuable insights into an underexplored area of research. Novelty - This study contributes to the existing literature by specifically focusing on the influence of CSR and reputation on consumers' intention to purchase automotive brands in Malaysia. It utilizes robust quantitative methods to analyse data from a sizable sample of automotive customers, shedding light on an important aspect of consumer behaviour in the automotive industry that has been relatively understudied. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Brand Value, Corporate Social Responsibility; Brand Reputation; Purchase Intention. |
| JEL: | M14 M31 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr334 |
| By: | Francisco G. Dakila Jr.; Dennis M. Bautista; Jasmin E. Dacio; Rosemarie A. Amodia; Sarah Jane A. Castañares; Paul Reimon R. Alhambra; Jan Christopher G. Ocampo; Charles John P. Marquez; Mark Rex S. Romaraog; Mr. Philippe D Karam; Daniel Baksa; Mr. Jan Vlcek |
| Abstract: | The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has enhanced its macroeconomic modeling through the Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS), transitioning from a multi-equation econometric model to a modernized system centered on the Quarterly Projection Model (QPM). In its new version, the Policy Analysis Model for the Philippines (PAMPh2.0) integrates forward-looking projections, endogenous monetary policy, fiscal and macroprudential considerations, labor dynamics, and addresses complex shocks and policy trade-offs, facilitating effective policy mix determination and supporting real-time policy evaluation. The BSP’s modernization efforts also include refining forecast calendars and strengthening communication channels to accommodate the operationalization of PAMPh2.0. Detailed validation methods ensure empirical consistency. Finally, future refinements will align the model with evolving empirical findings and theoretical insights, ensuring its continued relevance. |
| Keywords: | Forecasting and Policy Analysis; Quarterly Projection Model; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Macroprudential Policies |
| Date: | 2024–07–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/148 |
| By: | Hasnah Shaari (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy Universiti Utara Malaysia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This research investigates the disclosure practices for fair value measurement of investment property and examines the value relevance of fair value information reported by Malaysian public listed companies. Methodology/Technique - The study focuses on annual reports from 2018 of companies listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia, excluding firms in the financial and unit trust sectors. The sample includes 71 companies that reported fair value gains on investment property. Findings - Findings reveal that none of the companies used Level 1 inputs, 51% used Level 2 inputs, 39% used Level 3 inputs, and 10% used a combination of Level 2 and 3 inputs. The regression analysis indicates that fair value gains are not significantly related to stock returns, suggesting that Malaysian investors do not find this information useful. However, net income before fair value gains is significantly related to share returns, highlighting the importance of traditional earnings metrics. Novelty - This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from Malaysia, revealing a gap in the perceived usefulness of fair value disclosures and underscoring the continued relevance of traditional financial metrics for investors. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Fair Value Gain, Investment Property, Value Relevance, Disclosure. |
| JEL: | M41 M49 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr234 |
| By: | Dan Pirjol |
| Abstract: | The short maturity limit $T\to 0$ for the implied volatility of an Asian option in the Black-Scholes model is determined by the large deviations property for the time-average of the geometric Brownian motion. In this note we derive the subleading $O(T)$ correction to this implied volatility, using an asymptotic expansion for the Hartman-Watson distribution. The result is used to compute subleading corrections to Asian options prices in a small maturity expansion, sharpening the leading order result obtained using large deviations theory. We demonstrate good numerical agreement with precise benchmarks for Asian options pricing in the Black-Scholes model. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2407.05142 |
| By: | Chang Foo Chung (Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, No.1, Jalan Alamesra, Alamesra, 88450, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Ivana Chandra Voo Author-2-Workplace-Name: Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, No.1, Jalan Alamesra, Alamesra, 88450, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Rosdiana Bt Abdul Hamid Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Research and Development Unit, Lembaga Penduduk Dan Pembangunan Negara, No.12b, Bangunan LPPKN, Jalan Raja Laut, 50350, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. " Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Malaysia's elderly population is expanding at an unprecedented rate, surpassing the pace of ageing in historically established 'aged nations.' Statisticians project that Malaysia will reach 'aged nation' status by 2030, a transition occurring more rapidly than any previously recorded. Methodology - The concept of productive aging is pivotal to national sustainability, implying that the elderly should remain active contributors to society, both socially and economically, to alleviate potential strain on governmental resources. This study probes the labour force participation of Malaysia's elderly by examining the influence of intergenerational cash support, financial status, and feelings of loneliness on their employment decisions. Findings - Employing bivariate and logistic regression analyses, the research conclusively demonstrates that these variables significantly affect labour force engagement among the aged. Specifically, the absence of cash support from employed adult children, lack of savings or investments, and experiences of loneliness increase the probability of the elderly re-entering the workforce. Novelty - The implications of these empirical findings are profound for policymakers, who can utilise this data to craft more nuanced policies aimed at incentivizing labour force re-entry among the elderly. Such policies could not only foster productive ageing but also mitigate the risks of an inactive elderly population during their later years. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | elderly people; financial status; intergenerational cash support; labour force participation; loneliness; sustainability |
| JEL: | J14 J18 J22 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber246 |
| By: | Chang Foo Chung (Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, No.1, Jalan Alamesra, Alamesra, 88450, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Ivana Chandra Voo Author-2-Workplace-Name: Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, No.1, Jalan Alamesra, Alamesra, 88450, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Rosdiana Abdul Hamid Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Research and Development Unit, Lembaga Penduduk Dan Pembangunan Negara, No.12b, Bangunan LPPKN, Jalan Raja Laut, 50350, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. " Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - The enlargement of the ageing population in Malaysia at an expeditious speed has sparked great concerns of many parties. It is anticipated that Malaysia will become an 'aged nation' by 2030 as predicted by many statisticians. This study attempted to provide insights into policy design to create a sustainable community for elderly people in Malaysia, which is in line with one of the 17 SDGs, i.e., SDG-11. Methodology - Productive and healthy ageing is the key to form a sustainable community for elderly people. This research offers an in-depth examination of the interconnections among loneliness, intergenerational financial support, and demographic factors as they influence the employment decision-making processes of elderly people in Malaysia. Findings - Through an analysis of the interplay between these elements, our study sheds light on the intricate factors that contribute to the labour force participation of the elderly, enhancing our comprehension of the multifaceted nature of elder employment trends within the nation. To examine and compare the relationship, univariate, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were employed. Novelty - All analyses showed all explanatory variables in this study are significantly related to the labour force participation of elderly men. In the case of elderly women, the loneliness status variable is not significant. There are some limitations acknowledged in this study that limit the study's findings, and few suggestions for the future study were provided at the end of this study. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | elderly people; gender differences; intergenerational cash transfer; labour force participation; loneliness; sustainability |
| JEL: | J14 J18 J22 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber247 |
| By: | Missbach, Leonard; Steckel, Jan Christoph; Renner, Sebastian; Kraus, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | Past periods of industrial development have gone hand in hand with the burning of coal, but there is little evidence on the effects of coal infrastructure on manufacturing growth in today's industrializing economies. We quantify the direct and indirect effects of coal-fired power plant commissioning on local incumbent manufacturing firms in Indonesia during a coal phase-in period between 1984 and 2015. We analyze spatially and temporally explicit manufacturing and power plant data in a stacked difference-in-difference framework. Leveraging quasi-random variation in treatment timing, we show that coal-fired power plants have led incumbent larger firms to increase employment, inputs, and outputs. In contrast, smaller firms remained unaffected. We identify mediating channels including improved electricity supply and transportation infrastructure, and increased competition for labor. Ongoing efforts to reduce global coal capacity need to take such effects into account. |
| Keywords: | Coal, Manufacturing, Industrialization, Indonesia, Difference-in-difference |
| JEL: | C55 L60 O12 O14 O53 Q40 R11 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:300209 |
| By: | Ahmad, Wasim; Chahal, Rishman Jot Kaur; Rais, Shirin |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the economic integration of the ASEAN-6 region. The study finds that the coronavirus pandemic's impact can be easily traced using stringency, bilateral exports, and tourist arrivals, indicating a significant implication for the economic integration process. The firm-level analysis suggests that though the coronavirus outbreak's impact has caused uniformly to firms, the effect varies across ASEAN-6 nations. The pandemic strongly impacts large firms. |
| Keywords: | coronavirus pandemic; firm-level data; market integration; networks; Covid-19; coronavirus |
| JEL: | F15 F23 D85 |
| Date: | 2022–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124068 |
| By: | Sandrini, Luca; Somogyi, Robert |
| Abstract: | We build a model of the news market where advertisers allocate their ads between a social media platform and a news website. Our objective is to evaluate policy interventions aimed at fostering news creation by transferring revenues from social media to news websites already introduced in Australia, Canada, and Indonesia). We show that social media may voluntarily contribute to news development, but only suboptimally. Beyond a certain level of state-mandated transfer, the social media platform can credibly threaten to remove news content. We provide some guidance on how to design a policy that improves welfare by promoting news creation. |
| Keywords: | social media, news quality, platform regulation, news media bargaining code, online advertising |
| JEL: | D43 D62 L13 L51 M37 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:300268 |
| By: | Fadillah Ismail (Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Muhammad Imran Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - At this time, there has been an increasing emphasis devoted to the actions and behaviour of employees at their places of employment as a major factor of environmental issues. Because of this, organizations are starting to implement a wide variety of programs aimed at protecting the environment and implementing green approaches. Moreover, the factors that determine employees' green behaviour (EGB) and green human resource management (GHRM) still need further exploration. Methodology/Technique - The current study gives an understanding by exploring the factors that influence green innovation (GI) and the environmental performance of organizations (OEP). This study data was acquired from 545 employees working in Malaysia's manufacturing sector using the quantitative research approach. Finding - It was examined using PLS-SEM. In addition, it was determined that EGB, GHRM, and GI all had a significant positive relationship with OEP. It is important to note that (GI) also acts as a mediator in the interaction between EGB, GHRM, and OEP. Moreover, the association between GI and OEP has been investigated with moral credit serving as a moderator, and the findings confirmed the positive association. Looking at these relationships with OEP and GI to assess their mediation effects is a unique element of this study that significantly contributes to the existing body of research on EGB and GHRM. Novelty - Furthermore, it provides directions for decision-makers on optimizing green employee behaviour and human resource management in their workplaces, ultimately leading to green innovation to improve organizational environmental performance. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Employee green behaviour; green human resource management; green innovation; moral credit; organizational environmental performance. |
| JEL: | M10 M12 J24 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr647 |
| By: | Paulina Y. Amtiran (Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Anderias U. T. Anabuni Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia " Author-3-Name: Elisabeth Yuni Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia " Author-4-Name: Marselin Y. Balle Author-4-Workplace-Name: "Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia " Author-5-Name: "Jhimi Maima" Author-5-Workplace-Name: "Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia " Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - The purpose of this study is to find the impact of financial literacy of micro and small enterprises on financial products. Methodology/Technique – Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The method used was data analysis using multiple regression analysis technique. The sample of this study was 70 small and micro enterprises in Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Findings – The findings reveal a positive correlation between financial literacy and financial products. Novelty – Improving financial literacy among SMEs will lead to increased use of financial products. The significance of this study is to implement information dissemination and training programs to improve financial literacy and promote the adoption of financial products among SMEs in Sumba Island. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Inclusion, Financial Literacy, Financial Knowledge, Financial Behavior, Financial Attitude |
| JEL: | G02 G32 G39 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr223 |
| By: | Trung, Tran Thanh |
| Abstract: | MPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTION OF BANK EMPLOYEES IN HO CHI MINH CITY This study examines the impact of occupational stress factors on the commitment and turnover intentions of bank employees in Ho Chi Minh City. Based on a survey of 397 bank employees in the area, the research results indicate that occupational stress factors negatively affect employees’ commitment to their organization. Additionally, employees’ commitment to the organization negatively influences their turnover intentions. |
| Date: | 2024–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:spw2m |
| By: | Takahiro Akita (IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan) |
| Abstract: | This study introduces a method for the decomposition of the education Gini coefficient by location and examines the characteristics of this Gini decomposition method through the use of hypothetical examples. It empirically analyzes the determinants of educational inequality in some Asian countries using the Gini decomposition method. In a dual economy consisting of the rural and urban sectors, the education Gini coefficient can be additively decomposed into three distinct components: the within-sector, between-sector, and residual Gini components. The within-sector component measures educational inequality within the rural and urban sectors, while the between-sector component measures the rural-urban disparity in the mean level of educational attainment. The residual component assesses the extent of overlap between the rural and urban sectors in the distribution of educational attainment. In all selected Asian countries, including four ASEAN countries and three SAARC countries, the within-sector Gini component is a predominant determinant by accounting for 40-50% of the overall education Gini coefficient. There is a significant negative relationship between the between-sector component and the residual component in terms of their contributions to overall education Gini coefficient, indicating that the rural-urban overlap in the distribution of educational attainment rises as the rural-urban education disparity declines. When Bangladesh is excluded as an outlier, a significant positive relationship exists between mean years of education and the contribution of the residual component to overall education Gini coefficient, signifying that the rural-urban overlap in the distribution of educational attainment increases as mean years of education rises. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: urban and rural dimensions, educational inequality, education Gini coefficient, decomposition of the Gini coefficient, ASEAN countries, SAARC countries |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2024_05 |
| By: | Steven Goldfinch (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | Internal displacement in the context of climate change and disasters is now recognized as a development issue with humanitarian consequences. As countries gain a greater understanding of the underlying drivers of displacement, and the corrosive effect it has on development outcomes, re-positioning public policy will be critical in prevention and solutions. To implement these responses, greater volumes of development financing is required. In the absence of dedicated instruments or resources to respond to displacement, utilizing existing sources of development finance, including climate adaptation finance, offers an important stream. This paper looks at the current public policy approaches to displacement across Asia and the Pacific, provides insights into selected country approaches, and explores the role of existing development finance, including the role of climate financial intermediary funds, in reducing the drivers of displacement. |
| Date: | 2024–07–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:332 |
| By: | Joyce P. Jacobsen (Hobart and William Smith Colleges, and Wesleyan University); Sooyoung A. Lee (Department of Economics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges) |
| Abstract: | A literature has developed in labor economics regarding employer discrimination and how it may be detrimental to firms, particularly firms operating in more competitive sectors. A second literature in international trade considers the effects of import competition and export orientation on gender employment and earnings gaps. Finally, factors affecting firm survival have been increasingly studied as more panel data have become available for firms. We unite these diverse literatures and test several pertinent hypotheses from them using a 2005-2018 panel of Vietnamese firms. We find that firms with higher proportions of female labor are more likely to survive, controlling for other firm-level and industry-level characteristics, and that exporting and foreign- owned firms have higher proportions of female labor. We also examine earnings and women-run firms to consider other dimensions of firm gendering and their effects on firm survival. |
| Keywords: | Vietnam, gender discrimination, trade competition |
| JEL: | D22 F16 J16 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wes:weswpa:2024-009 |
| By: | Abdul Khabir Rahmat (Malaysia Institute of Transport, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Abdul Hakim Abdul Razak Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Faculty of Business Management and Professionals, Management Science University, Malaysia " Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This research investigates the intricate interplay between urban resilience and logistics performance, focusing on the Resilient Cities Index and the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) for the year 2023. Methodology/Technique - The study employs multiple regression analysis to explore how components of the Resilient Cities Index impact the LPI and vice versa, utilizing data from 25 cities globally. Findings - Noteworthy findings include that critical infrastructure and socio-institutional factors significantly influence logistics performance, underscoring the bidirectional relationship between urban resilience and logistics efficiency. The analysis reveals that cities with robust tracking and tracing capabilities exhibit higher resilience levels, while infrastructure and international shipment scores present complex, context-dependent relationships with urban resilience. Novelty - These insights provide a novel understanding of how logistics components contribute to urban resilience and suggest that enhancing critical infrastructure, improving socio-institutional frameworks, and addressing specific logistics components are pivotal for fostering resilient and efficient urban systems. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Urban Resilience; Logistics Performance; Resilient Cities Index; Logistics Performance Index; Bidirectional Relationship; Critical Infrastructure; Socio-Institutional Frameworks; Regression Analysis; Sustainable Urban Development. |
| JEL: | R40 R11 O18 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr332 |
| By: | Chiet-Bing Wong ("Faculty of Accountancy, Finance & Business, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Malaysia." Author-2-Name: Tan Sharon @ Rebecca Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Faculty of Accountancy, Finance & Business, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Malaysia." Author-3-Name: Karen Esther Tan Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Faculty of Accountancy, Finance & Business, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Malaysia." Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Creating an independent online store presents businesses with an opportunity to cultivate their brand and devoted customer base. To achieve long-term success, it is crucial to build a new customer base and establish initial trust. Prior research has explored various aspects of initial trust and identified factors crucial for businesses in devising strategies to attract customers. However, while some studies have investigated the impact of perceived relative advantage on initial trust, the findings remain inconclusive, leaving unexplored facets. This study aimed to scrutinize how perceived relative advantage influences customers' initial beliefs and intentions to trust an unfamiliar online store retailer. Methodology/Technique - Data gathered from a survey underwent statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings - The results revealed that perceived relative advantage significantly and positively impacted both initial trusting beliefs and intention. This research contributes to comprehending the relationship between initial trust and perceived relative advantage, especially in an underexamined context in Malaysia. Novelty - The study developed and validated a research model that extends the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by incorporating perceived relative advantage as a key antecedent to initial trust. In practical terms, it provides valuable guidance for new online store retailers in formulating strategies to establish trust with their initial consumers, and brand-new online store retailers in conceiving strategies for establishing initial consumer trust. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Trust; Initial Trust; Perceived Relative Advantage; Trusting Beliefs; Trusting Intention, E-Commerce |
| JEL: | M15 M10 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr333 |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Kilic, Talip; Abanokova, Kseniya; Carletto, Calogero |
| Abstract: | Accurate poverty measurement relies on household consumption data, but such data are often inadequate, outdated or display inconsistencies over time in poorer countries. To address these data challenges, we employ survey-to-survey imputation to produce estimates for several poverty indicators including headcount poverty, extreme poverty, poverty gap, near-poverty rates, as well as mean consumption levels and the entire consumption distribution. Analyzing 22 multi-topic household surveys conducted over the past decade in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Vietnam, we find encouraging results. Adding either household utility expenditures or food expenditures to basic imputation models with household-level demographic, employment, and asset variables could improve the probability of imputation accuracy between 0.1 and 0.4. Adding predictors from geospatial data could further increase imputation accuracy. The analysis also shows that a larger time interval between surveys is associated with a lower probability of predicting some poverty indicators, and that a better imputation model goodness-of-fit (R2) does not necessarily help. The results offer cost-saving inputs into future survey design. |
| Keywords: | consumption, poverty, survey-to-survey imputation, household surveys, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | C15 I32 O15 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1458 |
| By: | Ghosh, Surajit; De Sarkar, K.; Chowdhury, A.; Holmatov, Bunyod; Rajakaruna, Punsisi |
| Abstract: | Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in hydropower reservoirs is linked with national and international sustainability objectives. Deploying scalable and effective cloud-based technologies improves the accessibility, reproducibility, and timeliness of the quantification process. This novel strategy promotes global sustainability in the hydropower industry while making it easier to comply with environmental regulations. It can promote informed decision-making, increase transparency, and expedite the transition to clean energy sources. Considering the use of cloud computing in GHG quantification can support global efforts to mitigate climate change and advance the development of hydropower systems into more sustainable global infrastructure. Earth Observation (EO) data with cloud computing facilities such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) and G-res (an online tool by the International Hydropower Association) can help fill in the missing data gaps and calculate GHG emissions from hydropower reservoirs in Vietnam following IPCC recommendations for estimating GHG emissions. Seven hydropower reservoirs (Ban Ve, Binh Dien, Ho Ham Thuan, Ho Hoa Binh, Ho Song Hinh, Thac Ba and Yali) from different parts of Vietnam were selected as test cases for calculating GHG emissions using the G-res tool. The initial results from the analysis show that the Binh Dien reservoir reports the highest GHG aerial emission rate per year, while the lowest has been observed for the Thac Ba reservoir. Similarly, the highest emission rate has been observed for the Ban Ve reservoir, while the lowest has been recorded for the Thac Ba reservoir. The initial results reported here provide an understanding of GHG emissions from the hydropower reservoirs (test cases) and are needed to be verified with the respective reservoir authorities for actual emissions. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Productivity Analysis, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2023–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:344121 |
| By: | Cheong, Jaewan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Jaeho (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 동티모르(Timor-Leste)가 아세안 가입을 추진하면서, 동티모르의 아세안 가입 지원 및 개발협력 확대의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 이러한 배경하에 본 보고서에서는 동티모르의 아세안 가입을 위한 조건과 역량을 평가하고, 이를 토대로 한국의 지원 방안을 제시하였다. 아울러 저소득국가인 동티모르의 일반적인 개발협력 여건을 분석하여 대동티모르 개발협력 확대 방안을 제안하였다. Since 2011, Timor-Leste has prioritized ASEAN membership as its highest diplomatic agenda. Although Timor-Leste had obtained the ‘in-principle’ membership and observer status, the time for the full membership has not yet been confirmed. This report analyzes the conditions and capabilities for the Timor-Leste’s accession to ASEAN and examines the support strategies and cases of major donor countries. Based on these analyses, this report aims to suggest the Korea’s plans for the development cooperation and support plans for Timor-Leste’s accession to ASEAN. In chapter 2, the conditions for development cooperation of Timor-Leste on various perspectives including politics, diplomacy and society, are examined. We also analyzed the Timor-Leste’s general capacity such as economic conditions, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implement status, etc. Timor-Leste has the unique political systems, such as dual executive system and four separations power (president, executive, legislative and judiciary). In the field of diplomacy, Timor-Leste has a identity of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), and has been adapting an active diplomacy in the form of “Comprehensive and Collective Engagement” with ASEAN and Pacific island countries. Based on these, Timor-Leste has been strategically utilized the geopolitical importance and adopted the accession to ASEAN as its top diplomatic priority. Timor-Leste has a pyramidal population structure typical of developing countries, with Tetum and Portuguese as official languages, and Indonesian and English as working languages. Timor-Leste is a least developed country with a nominal GDP of $2.2 billion a per capita of $2, 491 as of 2022. Due to the weak agriculture and manufacturing industries, it has been highly dependent on the Petroleum Wealth generated by the Bayu-Undan oil field. Recently, the economic growth rate has been gradually recovering from the impact of Covid-pandemic, but there is a concern about the loss of growth momentum due to the end of Bayu-Undan oil field development. Oil and gas takes more than the 90% share of the total export. Excluding the oil and gas, coffee can be considered as the only export commodity which accounts about 7% share of the total export. There is an urgent need to attract FDI for industrial development. However, little FDI is taking placed other than investment on oil-field development due to the weak manufacturing base and domestic demand. The working-age population of Timor-Leste is approximately 800, 000 with a low labor force participation rate of 30.5%, and the education level is only about the 48.8% with primary education or less. Bayu-Undan oil field is considered as a representative natural resource. As the reserves are nearing depletion, the development of Greater Sunrise oil field as an alternative is urgently needed. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation status has remained at “challenges”, “significant challenges” and “major challenges” in various sectors. |
| Keywords: | Timor-Leste; ASEAN membership; support strategy; devlopment cooperation; Korea |
| Date: | 2023–12–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:2023_010 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Azzarri, Carlo; Davis, Kristin E. |
| Abstract: | The report’s main objective is to describe socio-economic conditions and agricultural systems in the survey areas. It provides a baseline assessment characterizing the main agricultural and socioeconomic challenges within the surveyed localities, and to inform the array of research interventions currently underway. Furthermore, the study will provide a baseline for estimating the impacts of NATURE+ (including waste management, water management, development or a resilient seed system, development of value chains for neglected and underutilized species, participatory varietal selection, encouragement of designs for increasing agrobiodiversity, etc.) on inclusion, poverty reduction, as well as on food security, livelihoods, and jobs. The report is structured as follows: Section 2 presents detailed information on the survey design, its coverage and implementation. Sections 3 and 4 discuss the main analytical results of the report, separately for the household and the workers survey, respectively. Finally, section 5 concludes. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; agrobiodiversity; land degradation; nutrition; sustainability; surveys; Vitenam; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:149125 |
| By: | Hoskins, Stephen (Singapore Management University); Johnston, David W. (Monash University); Kunz, Johannes S. (Monash University); Shields, Michael A. (Monash University); Staub, Kevin E. (University of Melbourne) |
| Abstract: | Using a high-frequency panel survey, we examine the sensitivity of estimated self-reported well-being (SWB) dynamics to using monthly, quarterly, and yearly data. This is an important issue if SWB is to be used to evaluate policy. Results from autoregressive models that account for individual-level heterogeneity indicate that the estimated persistence using yearly data is near zero. However, estimated persistence from monthly and quarterly data is substantial. We estimate that persistence to shocks typically lasts around six months and has a net present value of 75-80 per cent of the contemporaneous effect. Estimates are similar for different domains of SWB. |
| Keywords: | well-being, life satisfaction, happiness, dynamic panel data, panel autoregression, adaptation, persistence |
| JEL: | I1 I3 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17101 |
| By: | Oraya Nopparit (Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Khon Kaen University, No.123, M.16, Mittraphap Road, Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang, 40002, Khon Kaen City, Thailand Author-2-Name: Krittapha Saenchaiyathon Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Khon Kaen University, No.123, M.16, Mittraphap Road, Nai Mueang, Amphoe Mueang, 40002, Khon Kaen City, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Although there has been much research on containers and yard operations at the port, it has remained a fascinating subject of study on the logistics side because modernity, education, industries, and human behavior have changed and developed all the time. Moreover, they have continued to play significant roles in the international shipping industry and have affected the dependent economy and trade globally. The aims of this study were (1) to study container management systems and (2) to analyze the factors affecting an efficient container yard management system. Methodology - This research is classified as applied research, which consists of field surveys using the case record/report form (CRF) and data gathered through observation. A sample frame of 400 vehicles was chosen for a specific case study of an empty container terminal operation area in Bangkok port. Findings - Performance metrics for container terminal management or yard operations based on truck turnaround time were calculated by applying the Confidence Interval Theory. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program's binary logistic regression method to consider the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results of the research have been found. The inbound container management system has been better delivered in time than the outbound, which has implemented a total operation within 16.12 minutes. Additionally, some factors have significantly impacted container yard performance, such as activity type, route, container size, distance, and tools. Novelty - This might be incurred by multifarious reasons, such as operational stages, waiting time, data transmission, task and tool allocation, areas, traffic congestion, searching the container in blocks, etc. Type of Paper - Empirical research" |
| Keywords: | Empty Container Terminal, Container Yard, Container Management System, Binary logistic regression. |
| JEL: | E2 E3 |
| Date: | 2024–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber248 |
| By: | Darul Wiyono; Rinaldi Tanjung; Hedi Setiadi; Sri Marini; Yayan Sugiarto |
| Abstract: | Orientation: The study explores the connections among servant leadership, burnout, and work ethic culture in organizations. It aims to provide a detailed understanding of how servant leadership influences work ethic culture, especially by considering the role of burnout. Research Purpose: This study aims to understand how servant leadership influences work ethic culture and explore the mediating role of burnout in this relationship. Motivation for the Study: This study wants to fill gaps in our understanding of how servant leadership, burnout, and work ethic culture are connected. It seeks to add useful insights to what we already know from previous research. Research Approach/Design and Method: The study, using surveys and statistics, examines the links between servant leadership, burnout, and work ethic culture in 113 hotels in Bandung, Indonesia, with 339 participants. A 183-sample, chosen with a 0.05 margin of error, underwent SEM-PLS analysis using SmartPLS 3.0. Main Findings: The key findings underscore that servant leadership exerts a positive influence on work ethic culture, and burnout plays a pivotal mediating role in this dynamic. The results shed light on the intricate dynamics shaping organizational cultures. Practical/Managerial Implications: The findings aid organizations in forming supportive leadership policies, promoting employee well-being, and fostering ethical work culture. Managers can apply these insights to enhance leadership practices and reduce burnout impact. Contribution/Value-Add: This study clarifies the connection between servant leadership, burnout, and work ethic culture. The findings offer insights for future research and practical actions in organizational leadership. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2407.01533 |
| By: | Ghosh, Surajit; Rajakaruna, Punsisi; Tri, V. P. D.; Loi, N. T.; Trung, P. K.; Holmatov, Bunyod |
| Abstract: | The Vietnamese Mekong Delta is responsible for half of the country’s rice production. This is possible due to abundant freshwater resources available for agriculture. This report provides a general overview of water resources in the region, presents unique water-related challenges using earth observation data, and description of measures to address them. Structurally, section one provides a general introduction followed by description of surface water resources, its uses and dynamics. Section three contains information on water infrastructure in the region. Section four covers water extent dynamics of small reservoirs followed by section five that focuses on groundwater pumping. Section six presents information about the Google Earth Engine – based tool developed to visualize surface waters and water infrastructure of the region for different time ranges using different satellites. Section seven focuses on institutional arrangements related to water management in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Finally, section eight provides concluding remarks and recommendations to overcome identified challenges. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Climate Change, Financial Economics |
| Date: | 2023–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:344122 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui |
| Abstract: | Sustainable food systems provide enough quality, healthy, and affordable food to all without imposing a burden on planetary and social boundaries. By this standard, it is quite clear that food systems in many countries are not sustainable as they generate substantial environmental, social, and health costs while failing to provide affordable food to all (FAO et al., 2020). This implies the need to have a good understanding of the extent to which those externalities are present in country specific food systems. The key challenge is that such externalities are not reflected in market prices (Baker et al., 2020), being therefore hidden factors to drivers of choices by market players, as the link between market activity and those social and environmental harms is not directly visible or reflected in the incentives that drive economic systems (UNFSS, 2021). Internalizing the externalities of the food systems will require the full estimation of costs, including the measurement of externalities through “True Cost Accounting†(TCA) approaches. This document provides the analytical framework for the application of approaches in a research study to measure the true costs of food in Kenya and Vietnam. It focuses on: o Key research questions, their relevance, and policy implications o How the TCA analytical framework fits in The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework o Country selection and geographic focus – national, sub-national o Data requirements for estimating the true costs, including household surveys, workers’ surveys, externally compiled Global Impact Database (GID), and monetization factors. o A step-by-step process for estimating the true costs in the study area and country level GID analysis. |
| Keywords: | food; food systems; sustainability; markets; prices; Asia; Africa; Kenya; Vietnam |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resrep:148762 |
| By: | Alejandro Fiorito (Economist, Johns Hopkins University); José Juan Ruiz (Chairman, Elcano Royal Institute); Ernesto Talvi (Senior Analyst, Elcano Royal Institute) |
| Abstract: | A widespread notion in European capitals is that Latin America is an economic failure: a highly volatile region, prone to all kind of recurrent crises, and unable to develop and sustain a dynamic of convergence towards the income levels of advanced economies, as the Asian Tigers did. To paraphrase a well-known saying about Brazil, the established perception is that “Latin America is a land of the future and it always will be.” Data shows this view is biased and does not match reality. First, progress in macroeconomic management over the last 20 years has been very significant and the results are notable. An entire Latin American generation has grown up in an environment of low and relatively stable inflation, reasonably sound public finances, and regulatory and supervisory frameworks that have led to the strong financial systems the region has today. One striking achievement is the reduction in the frequency of exchange rate, sovereign debt, and financial crises: from an average of four crises per year between the mid-1970s and the early 2000s to less than one a year in the last 20 years. As a result of this greater macroeconomic stability, Latin America went from being a protagonist—one third of the world’s exchange rate, banking, and debt crises between 1974 and 2003 took place in the region—to just playing a supporting role: only one of every six crises have taken place in Latin America since 2003. Second, income convergence from underdevelopment to development is the exception that proves the rule, as non-convergence is a widespread phenomenon in most emerging markets and developing economies. To judge Latin America’s long-term performance by comparing it with the highly unlikely convergence processes only achieved by Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong in the post-war period is, to say the least, incorrect. The main challenge that Latin America faces is neither macroeconomic management nor trying to achieve the unlikely goal of convergence but consolidating sustainable and inclusive growth. The region’s per capita income has been stagnant for a decade. The prolonged absence of sustained economic growth inevitably results in a situation marked by a distributive competition for resources, which not only fosters social tensions but also diverts valuable sociopolitical resources towards managing these tensions, instead of focusing them on the pursuit of economic growth. |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:697 |
| By: | Lee, Yoonjung |
| Keywords: | Food Security And Poverty, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics And Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:344061 |
| By: | Pierre Cotterlaz; Arthur Guillouzouic |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that the negative effect of geographical distance on knowledge flows stems from how firms gain sources of knowledge through their existing network. We start by documenting two stylized facts. First, in aggregate, the distance elasticity of patent citations flows has remained constant since the 1980s, despite the rise of the internet. Second, at the micro level, firms disproportionately cite existing knowledge sources, and patents cited by their sources. We introduce a framework featuring the latter phenomenon, and generating a negative distance elasticity in aggregate. The model predicts Pareto-distributed innovator sizes, and citation distances increasing with innovator size. These predictions hold well empirically. We investigate changes of the underlying parameters and geographical composition effects over the period. While the distance effect should have decreased with constant country composition, the rise of East Asian economies, associated to large distance elasticities, compensated lower frictions in other countries. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Diffusion;Innovation Networks;Spatial Frictions;Patent Citation |
| JEL: | L14 O33 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2024-08 |
| By: | Okamura, Yuko; Annabelle Bladon; Gunilla Tegelskär Greig; Nico, Gianluigi |
| Abstract: | Fishery stocks are declining all over the world, threatening not only the livelihoods of fisheries households and communities, but also food and nutrition security of a broader society. However, many countries face challenges in reforming fisheries policies and implement fisheries management measures which tend to incur socioeconomic costs to fisheries actors in the short to medium term. Given its mission in managing risks, protecting people from poverty and shocks as well as promoting better opportunities, Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) measures can play a greater role in facilitating these difficult reforms and regulations in the fisheries sector for a sustainable future for people, fish, and food and nutrition security. This note provides an overview of five inspiring countries, Costa Rica, Kenya, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam, where inter-sectoral efforts are underway to integrate SPJ with fisheries for a more integrated approach. |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:192485 |
| By: | Dyna Heng; Mr. Fei Han; Sovanney Chey; Raksmey Uch; Dy Kuchsa; Pholla Phork |
| Abstract: | Assessing the current state of the economy and forecast the economic outlook in the next few quarters are important inputs for policymakers. This paper presents a suite of models with an integrated approach to forecast Cambodia’s economy in the current and next few quarters. First, we estimate historical quarterly GDP using information extracted from high-frequency indicators to construct quarterly nowcasting model. Second, we forecast current economic activities using a high-frequency data such as credit, export, tourist arrival, foreign reserves, and trading partner’s GDP. Third, we present inflation forecasting models for Cambodia. Fourth, the paper present a vector autoregression model to forecast Cambodia’s GDP in the next few quarters using global forecasts of China’s and US’s economy as well as oil and rice price. This paper showcase how high-frequency data set can be utilized in assessing current economic activities in countries with limited and lagged data. |
| Keywords: | Nowcasting; Developing countries; Cambodia |
| Date: | 2024–07–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/147 |
| By: | Ghorpade, Yashodhan (World Bank); Jasmin, Alyssa (World Bank); Rahman, Amanina Abdur (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | The changing nature of work, accelerated by the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in several fundamental shifts in the terms and conditions of work. Overlain with a clear trend of increased non-standard employment, including through the gig economy and platform work, this poses critical questions for policies and practices of the organization of work arrangements, and about who may bear the costs of emerging arrangements. We attempt to understand whether workers in freelancing and in standard work arrangements in Malaysia view a trade-off between flexibility and income and are willing to forgo a share of earnings for greater flexibility. We deploy a novel discrete choice experiment in which respondents are asked to choose their preferred job from two hypothetical job descriptions with randomly assigned attributes viz. flexibility, and associated earnings. We find substantial but not overwhelming preference for greater flexibility, especially among freelancers, and a clear trade-off between measures of flexibility and income. We also find considerable variation in the preference for flexibility, much of which is not explained by worker demographics and other observable characteristics but is consistent with other measures of the importance attached to flexibility and earning income. Our analysis outlines pathways through which offering even a modicum of flexibility can enhance workers' utility without necessarily increasing costs for employers and provide evidence of considerable preference heterogeneity and warns against imposing uniform approaches to (in)flexible work arrangements. |
| Keywords: | flexibility, flexible work arrangements, gig work |
| JEL: | J30 J32 M52 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17093 |
| By: | Tan, Yong Le |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to explore the experiences and views of Singaporean professionals on time-spatial job crafting in an Asian context when they work from home. Nine professionals working in various functions in the financial services industry were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Analysis of the narratives uncovered three main themes, which are “Proactive planning”, “Conservative designing” and “Work-home adjustment”, with corresponding subthemes respectively. Participants shared their opinion on how they decided on their job tasks, and how they decided on when and where to carry out their job tasks when they worked from home. Additionally, they shared their views and experiences with work from home arrangements and hybrid work arrangements. Participants demonstrated the three components of time?spatial job crafting which are reflection, selection, and adaptation, to a certain extent when they worked from home. They highlighted their preferences for a balance between work from home and going back to office in view of the flexibility that working from home brings and the social connection with colleagues in the office. They were conservative in their choice of work location and workspace and tended to plan private activities without affecting work hours and requirements. Participants demonstrated adjustment of activities within the workday to cater to familial and personal needs. The discussion includes recommendations for organizations to build an organizational climate which clearly communicates the expectations of work from home arrangements to improve employees’ remote working experiences, and to enhance employees’ job crafting knowledge and behaviour through training. |
| Date: | 2024–07–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:xjqgu |
| By: | Ms. Kazuko Shirono; Berhe Beyene; Fozan Fareed; Christiaan Loots; Andrea Quevedo; Kameshnee Naidoo |
| Abstract: | Greater availability of financial access related data in recent years is increasingly enabling policymakers to better track and monitor financial access trends and developments. However, data on barriers to financial access, including costs associated with using financial services—a key factor of financial exclusion—remain scarce. To gain insight into the costs of financial access faced by the low-income segments of population, this paper presents an analysis of a novel dataset on bank pricing containing information on fees and charges associated with various banking services—collected as part of the United Nations Capital Development Fund’s (UNCDF) Making Access Possible (MAP) program—based on a market research approach for 34 low- and middle-income countries in the ASEAN, SADC, and WAEMU regions. The results of our affordability analysis reveal that the costs of maintaining a bank checking account and conducting a few basic transactions can exceed 5 percent of monthly income for consumers in more than 10 percent of the countries in the sample, mainly in the WAEMU and SADC regions. These findings underscore the considerable challenge of affordability as a significant barrier to access to financial services, especially for low-income households and SMEs. The analysis also highlights the need to collect more granular data on the affordability aspect of financial access to facilitate more effective policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Financial access; affordability; bank pricing; financial inclusion |
| Date: | 2024–07–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/150 |
| By: | Rahman, Rajib; Rojas, Christian |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Agricultural And Food Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:344019 |