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on South East Asia |
| By: | Hanna M. Schwank (University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Millions of families migrate every year in search of better opportunities. Whether these opportunities materialize for the children brought with them depends on the quality of the destination that their parents selected. Exploiting variation in the age of migration, I analyze the impact of destination quality on the educational outcomes of childhood internal migrants in Indonesia. Using Population Census microdata from 2000 and 2010, I show that children who spend more time growing up in districts characterized by higher average educational attainment among permanent residents tend to exhibit greater probabilities of completing primary and secondary schooling. Moreover, educational outcomes of migrants converge with those of permanent residents at an average rate of 1.7 to 2.2 percent annually, with children from less educated households benefiting more from additional exposure. My findings suggest substantial heterogeneity of returns to childhood migration with respect to destination. |
| Keywords: | Internal migration, education, development, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I25 O15 D64 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:313 |
| By: | Azizah, Annis |
| Abstract: | This research intends to analyze the influence of Return on Equity (RETE), Return on Total Assets (RETA), Return on Assets (ROA) on dividend policy in manufacturing companies. In this study, secondary data was used on banking financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2005 to 2020. The sample in this study used 5 companies, namely AGRO, BABP, BACA, BBCA and BBKP companies. The research results show that Return on Equity (RETE), Return on Total Assets (RETA), Return on Assets (ROA) have an influence on dividend policy. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. Keywords: Dividend Policy, Indonesian Stock Exchange, Manufacturing, Multiple Linear Regression |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gvm9j |
| By: | Nguyen, Quang Khai |
| Abstract: | In the context of emerging countries trying to attract foreign investors, building governance strategies and risk management of firms is an increasing concern. This study investigates the impact of financial flexibility strategies on the risk management effectiveness of firms and mechanism of these impacts by focusing on Vietnamese listed firms by applying the fixed effect and system GMM methods on a sample of 635 Vietnamese listed firms during the 2010–2021 period to derive empirical models under the high risk-high return approach. We also applied robustness tests to ensure that the results are reliable. We also investigate the level of risk management effectiveness among these firms during the 2010–2021 period. We found that financial flexibility strategies negatively impact risk management effectiveness of firms through reducing both firm risk and firm performance. Furthermore, we found that the degree of risk management effectiveness differs between low- and high-risk firms in Vietnam, with low-risk firms displaying more effective risk management compared to high-risk firms. Our research shows that financial flexibility strategies are not conducive to risk management effectiveness; however, firms can control the impact of flexibility strategies on risk management by controlling firm performance and risk. |
| Keywords: | financial flexibility, risk management effectiveness, listed firm, Vietnam |
| JEL: | G13 G18 G3 |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121162 |
| By: | zhao, guo |
| Abstract: | Three key economic issues are the convergence debate, the middle-income trap, and the East Asian Miracle. Here we show that the standard Solow-Swan growth model in discrete time can simultaneously account for these key economic issues if in addition the no arbitrage constraint is imposed on the growth of total wealth. Under perfect arbitrage, club convergence is a pervasive feature of dynamic economies with realistic structural characteristics, but conditional converge may emerge as a limiting case. Following the standard Solow-Swan growth, a middle-income economy may make a miracle growth at the cost of structural unemployment if the rate of saving and investment exceed certain threshold level. These findings deepen our understanding of the impacts of capital accumulation on the dynamic evolution of economic system. |
| Keywords: | Convergence Debate, Middle-Income Trap, East Asian Miracle |
| JEL: | D2 E2 |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121378 |
| By: | Chen, Shuai; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Wiese, Juliane |
| Abstract: | We study whether the model minority stereotype about Asian Americans (e.g., hard-working, intelligent) reduces people's attention to inequality that adversely affects Asians. In a nationally representative US sample (N=3, 257), we find that around 90% of the participants either moderately or strongly believe that Asians work harder and are more economically successful compared to other ethnic minorities. We then demonstrate that an increase in the model minority belief has a dose-response relationship with people's tendency to overestimate incomes for Asians but not for Whites and Blacks. In a basic cognitive task, people are more likely to see an equal distribution of resources between Asians and people of other races when Asians have less than others by design. Although there is little evidence that a marginal increase in the model minority belief significantly reduces people's attention to inequality that adversely affects Asians in a pattern detection hiring task, we find that people who hold a strong model minority stereotype are only more likely to naturalistically point out unfair hiring practices when Whites are discriminated against. Our results offer new insights into the possible mechanisms behind why many Americans are relatively more apathetic toward Asians' unfair treatment and negative experiences compared to those of other races. |
| Keywords: | Asian Americans, model minority, stereotype, inequality, attention, redistribution |
| JEL: | D63 D91 J15 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1449 |
| By: | Eric AVENEL (Univ Rennes, CNRS, CREM – UMR6211, F-35000 Rennes France) |
| Abstract: | The successive Cournot oligopoly model presented in Salinger (1988) is very popular in the literature on vertical relations. There is however a problem in this model, since the assumption of elastic supply on the intermediate market is inconsistent with the assumption that upstream firms choose their output before downstream firms place their orders. I show that dropping the assumption of elastic supply on the intermediate market and complementing the model with a well chosen allocation rule - the competitive rule of Cho and Tang (2014) - restores the validity of the results in Salinger (1988) and the subsequent contributions using the same model. |
| Keywords: | Cournot competition, successive oligopoly, allocation rule. |
| JEL: | L13 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tut:cremwp:2024-02 |
| By: | SAWADA Yasuyuki; TANAKA Mari |
| Abstract: | In developing economies where business owners suffer from agency problems with workers, kinship may serve as an enforcement device for producing high-quality products. Using unique data collected from handwoven textile micro-enterprises in Lao PDR, we examine the effect of family workforce size-the number of the owner's relatives who can work for the business-on business performance. For identification, we exploit an exogenous variation in the gender composition of the owner's relatives, which determines family workforce size. We confirm that a larger family workforce significantly increases the share of family workers in the business, positively affecting labor productivity and value-added per product. As a potential channel, having a larger family workforce seems to enable owners to produce high-price products that they design by themselves rather than low-price products with standard designs, owing to strong trust between family workers and owners. This supports the hypothesis that working with family labor helps owners overcome design infringements. We also obtained suggestive experimental evidence that owners who design products by themselves have a lower labor demand for external workers. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24061 |
| By: | TIEN MANH VU (Faculty of Global Management, Chuo University); Hiroyuki Yamada (Faculty of Economics, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | We examine impacts of improved rural roads on villagers, using panel data of Cambodian villages (2006-2021). We find an association between the wealth of villagers and the improvement of rural roads. A higher minimum price for rice at farm gate may be one of the reasons for the increase in wealth. We also find impacts of improved rural roads on (reducing) illiteracy rates among villagers. However, we do not find any statistically significant impacts on school enrollment rate, structural change, or internal migration. Instead, improved rural roads lead to a higher share of families being subjected to environmental pollution. |
| Keywords: | Improved rural roads, wealth, rice, education, pollution, Cambodia |
| JEL: | O15 R11 R58 R42 |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2024-016 |
| By: | Ryan B. Edwards |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the proliferation of palm oil factories across Indonesia’s undeveloped hinterland to study industrial onset and estimate spillovers from agricultural processing. The main finding is signs of urbanization and structural change around factories: more non-agricultural employment, higher incomes, and more people, firms, and other economic and social organizations. These patterns are largely explained by economic linkages, infrastructure and other public goods, and economies of scale in production. By focusing on subsistence rural regions in a large developing economy, this paper adds a globally- significant new case to a growing literature emphasizing the importance of agglomeration externalities for understanding the birth of new towns, the spatial distribution of economic activity, and structural transformation. |
| JEL: | F14 F23 F63 J43 O13 O14 O19 O53 Q17 R11 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2024-6 |
| By: | Lee, Neil; Ni, Metta; Boey, Augustin |
| Abstract: | The Singaporean state has played a crucial role in the country’s economic development. This led to concerns that a state-steered economy would be unable to develop fast-changing, disruptive sectors that are reliant on individual entrepreneurship, such as digital technology. Yet Singapore has become a world leader in the scaling of digital technology firms. In this paper, we consider how this happened. We show that advances in ICT opened a window of locational opportunity in digital tech, which was spotted by Singaporean policymakers open to experimentation. A distinctive ‘Singapore model’ developed to take advantage of this opportunity, exploiting Singapore’s geographical position, open economy, and business environment but combining this with active state intervention. To address coordination problems in the creation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem, Singaporean policymakers worked through a process we term ‘network coordination’ across the whole of government. While overall rates of entrepreneurship remain low, the country has been successful at scaling firms in the digital technology sector. These primarily focused on consumer applications and non-Singaporean markets, but there has been little development in frontier ‘deep tech’. |
| Keywords: | digital technology; Singapore; developmental states; industrial policy; entrepreneurial ecosystems |
| JEL: | R14 J01 L81 |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123885 |
| By: | Edwards, Ryan Barclay (Australian National University) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the proliferation of palm oil factories across Indonesia’s undeveloped hinterland to study industrial onset and estimate spillovers from agricultural processing. The main finding is signs of urbanization and structural change around factories: more non-agricultural employment, higher incomes, and more people, firms, and other economic and social organizations. These patterns are largely explained by economic linkages, infrastructure and other public goods, and economies of scale in production. By focusing on subsistence rural regions in a large developing economy, this paper adds a globally-significant new case to a growing literature emphasizing the importance of agglomeration externalities for understanding the birth of new towns, the spatial distribution of economic activity, and structural transformation. |
| Date: | 2024–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uvjef |