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on South East Asia |
| By: | Roland Condor (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this article is to present and discuss an ongoing research programme on local carbon offsetting. It is based on a literature review and a few interviews with local voluntary carbon offsetting actors: farmers, communities, farmer services and experts. The paper first outlines how we moved from international to local carbon offsetting. The research methodology is then presented before the first elements of reflection are presented and discussed. In conclusion we propose a new term for designing local carbon offsetting: short carbon supply chain. This new concept suggests to think about carbon offsetting as a local supply chain dedicated to carbon storage and credits. |
| Keywords: | Carbon offsetting, Short Carbon Supply Chain, Carbon credits |
| Date: | 2023–07–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04552631&r= |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | As Vietnam pursues its ambitious goal of transitioning from a middle-income to a higher-income country while simultaneously moving towards a zero-carbon society, it faces a complex set of challenges. This article delves into these challenges, focusing on the technological, infrastructural, financial and collaborative needs of this transition. |
| Date: | 2024–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04567669&r= |
| By: | Anton Kurniawan; Yos Sunitiyoso |
| Abstract: | The waste problem is still becoming a big concern in Indonesia. Waste, especially plastic waste comes from single-use packaging of daily necessities such as personal care and home care. PT. Siklus Refil Indonesia or Siklus, a retail company, comes to offer a sustainable solution of buying daily necessities by refill method. Since April 2020, Siklus has operated in the Greater Jakarta area and already impacted 20, 000 customers. However, Siklus must change its new business model due to regulation from the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) that warned the company not to sell personal care who come in direct contact with skin. The warning impacted the decreasing customers, sales, and profit of Siklus. This research has the purpose of determining the new business model of Siklus using the design thinking concept. By this concept, this research empathizes with customers, defines customer needs, and ideates a business model. This research continues to decide the new business model by creating a matrix of stepwise selection. Then this research does a prototype business model and tests the new business model. After doing the process, Return from Home is selected as the new business model for Siklus. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.06193&r= |
| By: | Beier Liu; Haiyun Zhu |
| Abstract: | In this study, we utilize the Kalman-Filter analysis to assess market efficiency in major stock markets. The Kalman-Filter operates in two stages, assuming that the data contains a consistent trendline representing the true market value prior to being affected by noise. Unlike traditional methods, it can forecast stock price movements effectively. Our findings reveal significant portfolio returns in emerging markets such as Korea, Vietnam, and Malaysia, as well as positive returns in developed markets like the UK, Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong. This suggests that the Kalman-Filter-based price reversal indicator yields promising results across various market types. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.16449&r= |
| By: | Khan, Raihan |
| Abstract: | Lembaga pengelola zakat di Indonesia terdiri dari lembaga yang didirikan oleh pemerintah dan lembaga yang didirikan oleh masyarakat.(Ernawati, 2016) Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) merupakan salah satu lembaga yang dibawahi oleh Kementerian Agama dalam urusan penghimpunan, pendistribusian dan pendayagunaan zakat pada suatu wilayah dengan tujuan untuk memberantas kemiskinan.(Utami, 2021) Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) adalah institusi pengelola zakat yang sepenuhnya di bentuk oleh masyarakat dan di kukuhkan oleh pemerintah untuk melakukan kegiatan pengumpulan, pendistribusian, dan pendayagunaan zakat sesuai ketentuan agama islam.(Khairun Nisa, 2022) Dalam hal ini, Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (LAZNAS) merupakan lembaga zakat yang dibentuk dari inisiatif masyarakat dalam menghimpun zakat di daerah-daerah yang sulit untuk dijangkau oleh BAZNAS, sehingga BAZNAS memiliki peran dalam mengawasi dan menganalisis setiap kegiatan LAZNAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengenali amil zakat yang ada di Indonesia peran serta fungsinya dalam mengelola zakat serta membedakan antara Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) dan Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (LAZNAS) dalam menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana zakat kepada masyarakat. Metode kajian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode deskriptif analitis, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam menganalisis ayat-ayat Al-Qur’’an yang berkaitan dengan zakat dan kemiskinan. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah ayat-ayat Al-Qur’’an dan tafsirnya, serta literatur-literatur Islam yang membahas zakat. Peran BAZNAS (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional) dalam pengelolaan zakat dan pembangunan sosial ekonomi masyarakat sangat penting. Berikut adalah beberapa peran utama BAZNAS: Pengumpulan Zakat, Distribusi Zakat, serta Pemberdayaan Ekonomi.(Baidowi, 2018) Di Indonesia dengan kondisi ekonomi saat ini apabila dapat menerapkan sistem zakat dengan baik, maka dapat dipastikan dapat meningkatkan tingkat kesejahteraan bagi masyarakatnya.(Khairun Nisa, 2022) |
| Date: | 2024–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:9unkj&r= |
| By: | Gen Norman Thomas; Siti Mutiara Ramadhanti Nur; Lely Indriaty |
| Abstract: | This study aims to analyze the impact of financial literacy, social capital and financial technology on financial inclusion. The research method used a quantitative research method, in which questionnaires were distributed to 100 active students in the economics faculty at 7 private colleges in Tangerang, Indonesia. Based on the results of data processing using SPSS version 23, it results that financial literacy, social capital and financial technology partially have a positive and significant influence on financial inclusion. The results of this study provide input that financial literacy needs to be increased because it is not yet equivalent to financial inclusion, and reducing the gap between financial literacy and financial inclusion is only 2.74%. Another benefit of this research is to give an understanding to students that students should be independent actors or users of financial technology products and that students should become pioneers in delivering financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitudes to the wider community. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.06570&r= |
| By: | Markus Brueckner; Sudyumna Dahal; Haiyan Lin |
| Abstract: | The average country in Asia-Pacific experiences more natural disasters than the average country of other developing regions. This paper presents stylized facts on natural disasters, human development, and external debt in Asia-Pacific. The paper also contains estimates of the effects that natural disasters have on human development. Controlling for country and time fixed effects, dynamic panel model estimates show that external debt has a mitigating effect on the adverse impacts that natural disasters have on human development: In countries with low external debt-to-GDP ratios, natural disasters significantly decrease the human development index; but not so in countries with high external debt-to-GDP ratios. External debt (i.e. borrowing from abroad) is a financial contract for obtaining resources from abroad (i.e. imports of goods and services). When a country experiencing a natural disaster borrows from abroad to increase imports of goods and services, the population suffers less when a natural disaster strikes. Natural disasters destroy goods and capital (e.g. food, machinery, buildings, and roads) in the country in which they occur. If imports of goods and services do not increase, then the population has less goods and services to consume following a natural disaster. By increasing imports, which are mirrored on the financial side by an increase in external debt, the population of a country that was struck by a natural disaster can smooth consumption. As the incidence of natural disasters increases globally, a policy recommendation for disaster-prone countries, supported by the empirical results of this paper, is the need for deeper and innovative mechanisms of access to international financing, including reforms in both domestic and international financial systems. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, shocks, debt, human development |
| JEL: | O4 F3 Q54 H6 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-32&r= |
| By: | Fujiwara, Thomas (Princeton University, Department of Economics and SPIA, and NBER); Muller, Karsten (National University of Singapore, Business School); Schwarz, Carlo (Universita Bocconi, Department of Economics and IGIER, and PERICLES) |
| Abstract: | We study how social media affects election outcomes in the United States. We use variation in the number of Twitter users across counties induced by early adopters at the 2007 South by Southwest (SXSW) festival, a key event in Twitter’s rise to popularity. We show that this variation is unrelated to observable county characteristics and electoral outcomes before the launch of Twitter. Our results indicate that Twitter lowered the Republican vote share in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, but had limited effects on Congressional elections and previous presidential elections. Evidence from survey data, primary elections, and text analysis of millions of tweets suggests that Twitter’s relatively liberal content may have persuaded voters with moderate views to vote against Donald Trump. |
| Keywords: | JEL Classification: |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:700&r= |
| By: | Akira Kohsaka (Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | A breakup of Euro Zone appeared likely in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), while EU has long been model regional integration to East Asia. Recognizing different political-economic contexts between East Asia and EU, what can we learn from the experiences of Euro Zone so far? This paper tries to answer the question by examining regional financial integration in two regions in view of international macroeconomics. Financial globalization since the 1990s plays the key role there. We can summarize our observations as follows:East Asia’s fundamental strength shown throughout GFC implies weak motivation to promote further regional financial integration toward a monetary/fiscal union as EU. The global sudden stop of capital inflow by GFC seriously damaged vulnerable links in Euro Zone, although crisis-driven policy innovations seem to strengthen its macro-financial policy framework. As to the future role of Euro Zone, at issue is the volatility intrinsic to the global financial market, which would aggravate the asymmetry across currencies, potentially harming resource allocation and growth. Post-Bretton Woods flexible exchange rates could not wipe away, but magnify this asymmetry (i.e. US dollar dominance). The Euro and Euro Zone could challenge this fundamental flaw of the present international monetary system. |
| Keywords: | regional integration, East Asia, Euro Zone, financial globalization |
| JEL: | E5 F3 F41 G15 O11 O16 P51 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osp:wpaper:24e001&r= |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet; Higano, Yoshiro; Nijkamp, Peter |
| Abstract: | There are no book length treatments of spatial spillovers that provide theoretical and empirical analyses of this topic within different regions in the continent of Asia. As such, the primary objective of this book is to provide expansive studies of spatial spillovers and their salience by focusing on several regions in Asia. Following this introductory chapter, which comprises Part I of the book, there are eleven chapters and each of these chapters discusses a particular research question or questions about spatial spillovers in Asia. For ease of comprehension, we have divided the present volume containing twelve chapters into four parts. Part II of this book focuses on theoretical approaches to studying spatial spillovers and this part consists of three chapters. Part III concentrates on agriculture and the environment and this part of the book consists of two chapters. Finally, part IV provides a variety of regional perspectives on spatial spillovers in Asia. |
| Keywords: | Asia, Economic Development, Economic Growth, Region, Spatial Spillover |
| JEL: | Q10 R11 R50 |
| Date: | 2024–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120901&r= |
| By: | Sylvain BARTHÉLÉMY (Gwenlake, Rennes, France); Virginie GAUTIER (TAC Economics and Univ Rennes, CNRS, CREM – UMR6211, F-35000 Rennes France); Fabien RONDEAU (Univ Rennes, CNRS, CREM – UMR6211, F-35000 Rennes France) |
| Abstract: | We study the class of congestion games with player-specic payoff functions Milchtaich (1996). Focusing on a case where the number of resources is equal to two, we give a short and simple method for identifying the exact number of Nash equilibria in pure strategies. We propose an algorithmic method, first to find one or more Nash equilibria; second, to compare the optimal Nash equilibrium, in which the social cost is minimized, with the worst Nash equilibrium, in which the converse is true; third, to identify the time associated to the computations when the number of players increases. |
| Keywords: | currency crises, early warning system, neural network, convolutional neural network, SHAP values. |
| JEL: | F14 F31 F47 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tut:cremwp:2024-01&r= |
| By: | Valencia, Christian (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Janzen, Sarah (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); Ghorpade, Yashodhan (World Bank); Rahman, Amanina Abdur (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | We conduct a correspondence study to assess demand for soft skills in the context of hiring discrimination in Malaysia. We find no evidence of gender-based discrimination, including in STEM occupations. However, in line with previous studies in the same context, we find evidence of ethnic discrimination. We then test the relevance of two soft skills: leadership and teamwork. We find some evidence that the labor market rewards simple signals of teamwork for the average applicant. Teamwork also plays an important role in the context of labor market discrimination, reducing the discrimination gap by 40%. In contrast, signaling leadership skills has no effect. Last, we consider the role of labor market competition. Companies facing competition in the labor market, measured by the number of competitors advertising similar positions, are 56 to 66% less likely to discriminate. On the supply-side, discrimination increases with the relative quality of the pool of applicants. Our results provide novel evidence that soft skills and labor market competition both play an important role in understanding hiring discrimination. This underlines potential pathways to overcome labor market discrimination and improve job matching. |
| Keywords: | discrimination, labor market, soft skills, competition |
| JEL: | J01 J15 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16993&r= |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh (World Bank); Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad (Harvard Kennedy School); Do, Minh N.N. (National Economics University Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | While female labor force participation (LFP) in Iran is among the lowest in the world, there is hardly any study on the COVID-19 pandemic effects on the country's female LFP. We find that female LFP decreased during the pandemic years by around 1 percentage point in 2021 and 2022. When controlling for excess mortality rates, the declines could increase to between 3.9 and 8.7 percentage points, with the larger impacts occurring in late 2021 and early 2022. Compared to modest, pre-pandemic female LFP rates, these figures translate into 5 percent and 18-40 percent decreases, respectively. Heterogeneity exists, with more educated individuals being more likely to work. Compared to married individuals, divorcees were more likely to work while those that were divorced or never married were less likely to work. Our results offer relevant inputs for labor policy, particularly those aimed at reducing gender inequalities. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, employment, women's labor force participation, differences-in-differences, triple differences, labor force survey, Iran |
| JEL: | E24 I30 J21 O12 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17001&r= |