|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Domingo, Sonny N.; Manejar, Arvie Joy A. |
| Abstract: | The 28th United Nations Conference of Parties (COP 28) in November 2023 started with the manifestation of concrete commitments from developed countries and ended with a progressive promise to complete the establishment of a climate change loss and damage fund, sustain and administer country contributions, and continue to work toward fossil fuel reduction and disaster risk reduction and management. The move contributes toward an equitable burden distribution between the highest GHG emitters in the global community and the most affected nations by climate-related disasters. This is important as pieces of evidence show that developing countries like the Philippines are disproportionately more affected by climate change-related disaster events. This study assessed the particulars of the climate and disaster-related loss and damage accounting in the Philippines and looked into ways to better the country’s position to tap the newly established Loss and Damage Fund. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | climate change impact;loss and damage accounting;disaster risk reduction and management;DRRM |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-47&r=sea |
| By: | Serafica, Ramonette B.; Oren, Queen Cel A. |
| Abstract: | Net neutrality has been one of the most controversial issues in internet regulation. Currently, there is no policy or regulation on net neutrality in the Philippines. This might change, however, with the inclusion of paid prioritization and throttling among the prohibited acts in the proposed Open Access in Data Transmission Act. Based on a review of the economic arguments and approaches adopted in other countries, integrating net neutrality principles in the proposed legislation could lead to unintended consequences that may hinder the growth of the data transmission industry. Instead, a separate measure could be introduced, if deemed appropriate, after careful study. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | internet;network;neutrality;nondiscrimination |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-14&r=sea |
| By: | Muhammad Syukri; M. Sulton Mawardi; Lia Amelia; Annabel Noor Asyah; Made Anthony Iswara |
| Abstract: | Marine protected areas have played an important role in conserving and restoring marine biodiversity that is threatened due to the climate change. Indonesia has expanded its marine protected areas, covering 411 locations with more than 28 million hectares (about 9% of its territorial waters). Managed by different types of government units (national and locals), Indonesian MPAs located mostly in regions where the communities have high poverty rate and high inequality index. This paper explores the dynamic of the MPAs management in Indonesia, focusing on how they have addressed not only issues related to the biodiversity conservation but also the welfare of the community who live near MPAs. Employing mix method of the quantitative (secondary data) analysis and the qualitative primary data collection and analysis, the study was conducted in three different MPAs with different administrative status. This paper argues that despite the Indonesian government has shown eagerness to expand the quantity of MPA, their focus on the quality of MPA management is still lacking. Especially the focus on social aspects of the MPA management needs significant improvement to ensure improving the welfare of people and reduction of inequality among communities reside across coastal areas are integrated into its main missions. |
| Keywords: | Indonésie |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2024–01–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en16384&r=sea |
| By: | Quimba, Francis Mark A.; Barral, Mark Anthony A. |
| Abstract: | From the launch of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), apprehension surrounds its true intentions and objectives. While touted as a US-led strategy to counter China’s dominance in the region, IPEF seems to be a very slow-paced initiative. How it will progress and go about it remains a question that baffles economies. This paper presents IPEF’s cohesiveness with the member economies. It assesses IPEF’s alignment with domestic policies and FTA commitments, as well as in terms of priorities and visions of the country. Considering the integration among IPEF partners, results suggest that IPEF is aligned with the issues and policies of economies. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | clean economy;clean energy;connectivity;cooperation;environment;fair economy;globalization;governance;IPEF;regional stability;security;supply chain;trade;Indo-Pacific Economic Framework |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-37&r=sea |
| By: | TIEN MANH VU (Chuo University); HIROYUKI YAMADA (Keio University) |
| Abstract: | We examine whether changes in capital intensity from Vietnamese firms during 1999-2019 influence family formation and gender inequality, using panel data of communes. We use the recorded trajectories of cyclones to create a damage index as an instrumental variable. We find that higher capital intensity is associated with a higher share of single people and a lower share of families with multiple generations living together. Also, women prepared for high capital intensity industries by increasing their educational attainment. However, the results also indicate the sex ratio at birth is more skewed in communes with high capital intensity. |
| Keywords: | Capital intensity, Gender inequality, Family formation, Cyclones, Vietnam |
| JEL: | J16 O15 J12 I24 R23 |
| Date: | 2024–01–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2024-001&r=sea |
| By: | Kadir, Kadir; Prasetyo, Octavia Rizky |
| Abstract: | Increasing the paddy yield is crucial for Indonesia to maintain its national rice sufficiency amid the consistent depletion of wetland paddy areas. In this regard, the yield disparities between regions are challenging, particularly between Java and outside Java. Our study aims to examine the development of the paddy yield gap between the two regions from 2018 to 2021 and its contribution to paddy yield improvement during the period. Using the results of the National Crop-cutting Survey, we found that while the paddy yield in Java outperformed the paddy yield outside Java, the yield difference between the two regions narrowed from around 26 per cent in 2018 to 22 per cent in 2021 due to the increase of the yield outside Java. The results of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition suggested that the narrowing gap has a significant contribution to the national paddy yield increase from 2018 to 2021. Our finding confirms that narrowing the yield gap between the two regions by increasing the yield outside Java is crucial to improving paddy yield in Indonesia. Our study also pointed out that improvement in irrigation systems, fertilizer use, and fertilizer assistance are important factors in maintaining the paddy yield and narrowing the gap. |
| Keywords: | yield, gap, paddy, Blinder-Oaxaca, decomposition |
| JEL: | Q10 Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119892&r=sea |
| By: | Debuque-Gonzales, Margarita; Ruiz, Mark Gerald C.; Miral, Ramona Maria L. |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 crisis created conditions for digital finance to accelerate financial inclusion in the Philippines. This paper explores different sources, including survey, administrative, and market data, to compare trends in account ownership and usage before and after the pandemic. Stylized facts about financial inclusion and demographic information across periods are then drawn based on probit regressions, with special focus on digital financial services. This is followed by an analysis of how service providers, consumers, and the government have shaped and continue to shape the digital finance landscape. The paper closes with conclusions and policy recommendations moving forward. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19;digital finance;electronic money;financial inclusion;fintech;mobile money |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-45&r=sea |
| By: | Francisco, Kris A.; Abrigo, Michael R.M. |
| Abstract: | High market concentration in the Philippine domestic shipping industry has always been a subject of concern among policymakers and researchers. While many reforms aimed at improving the level of competition in the industry have been implemented since the 1990s, studies show that domestic shipping operations remain in the hands of a few players, especially at the route level. This study aims to enrich the discussion by providing an alternative measure of market power in domestic shipping through the estimation of markups –a useful indicator of how firms can price their goods or services above marginal cost. Estimates confirm the exercise of market power in the domestic shipping industry, as evidenced by high markups. It was also found that the markup on freight is relatively larger than the markups on passenger services. Additional analysis confirms that having a high market share influences high markups significantly. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | market power;markups;domestic shipping |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-44&r=sea |
| By: | Yap, Chia Ying |
| Abstract: | The performance of a company is influenced by the internal and external factors and these factors will cause inefficient management. This research investigates the relationship or the impact of the internal factors on the performance of the company by using return on asset (ROA) as the dependent variable as well as the relationship of the ROA with the external factors in Apex Healthcare Berhad (Malaysia). The method of this study is using statistical and regression techniques in determining the significance of ROA with these variables. In conducting the regression progress, the data of the Apex Healthcare Berhad (Malaysia) from 2018 to 2022 in the annual report will be extracted and key in excel to calculate the relevant ratios and to run the regression models. According to the findings and analysis, it found that the return on equity (performance) has the most significant influence on Apex Healthcare Berhad’s (Malaysia) annual profit and financial performance and the current ratio of Apex Healthcare Berhad (Malaysia) is not stable as the ratio has fluctuated over the 5 years. |
| Keywords: | Apex Healthcare Berhad (Malaysia), profitability, performance, ROA, corporate governance |
| JEL: | G3 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119807&r=sea |
| By: | Estopace, Katha Ma-i M.; Abrigo, Michael R.M. |
| Abstract: | The drivers of the Philippines’ fertility decline over the last fifty years, resulting in a below-replacement 1.9 total fertility rate in 2022, are traced in this study. By employing a modified Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition on the collective experiences of approximately 65, 000 married women across six rounds of the Philippine National Demographic (and Health) Survey, it is demonstrated that the most effective contraceptives might not necessarily be linked to delaying marriage or increasing modern contraceptive use. Analyses indicate that the primary driver behind the country’s fertility decline in the last fifty years is the enhancement of material measures of well-being, with marriage and contraceptive usage playing secondary roles. While raising female fertility may be possible, this will not likely go significantly above replacement levels. Population aging is an imminent reality for the Philippines. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | fertility;population;decomposition;Philippines |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-19&r=sea |
| By: | Héloïse Valette (LISST - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The water governance model that currently dominates at the international level is based on the principles of the Dublin Conference (1992), one of which asserts that water is an economic good. Faced with growing environmental issues as well as increased demand for recognition of water as a human right or as a common good, this model is being contested both in international arenas and at national or local levels. This article aims to examine the justification discourses used by actors who either challenge or reinforce the dominant model. The focus is on water qualification issues, which we argue have a significant impact on policymaking and the renewal of water governance models. We employ the Economies of Worth framework (Boltanski and Thévenot, 1991) not only to decipher which values actors resort to when qualifying water-as a human right, an economic good, or a social good, for example-but also to understand the reasons why one qualification prevails over others in water-related debates. We examine these debates in the Indonesian context, where many disputes arising from water qualification have occurred, the 'tests of worth' in Boltanski and Thévenot's framework. Using a qualitative methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews and reviewed legislation and operational documents to explore three such tests of worth. Our case study reveals the persistence of the governance model that promotes water as an economic good, despite extensive debate and new regulations that may have strengthened a model based on the qualification of water as a human right. |
| Keywords: | Water qualification, Economies of Worth, water governance model, justification discourse, Indonesia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04412387&r=sea |
| By: | Thitithep Sitthiyot; Kanyarat Holasut |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether income distribution in Thailand has a property of scale invariance or self-similarity across years. By using the data on income shares by quintile and by decile of Thailand from 1988 to 2021, the results from 306-pairwise Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests indicate that income distribution in Thailand is statistically scale-invariant or self-similar across years with p-values ranging between 0.988 and 1.000. Based on these empirical findings, this study would like to propose that, in order to change income distribution in Thailand whose pattern had persisted for over three decades, the change itself cannot be gradual but has to be like a phase transition of substance in physics. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2402.01141&r=sea |
| By: | Sari Pekkala Kerr; William R. Kerr; Kendall E. Smith |
| Abstract: | We study the long-run career mobility of young immigrants, mostly refugees, from Vietnam who moved to the United States during 1989-1995. This third and final migration wave of young Vietnamese immigrants was sparked by unexpected events that culminated in the Amerasian Homecoming Act. Characteristics of the wave also minimized selection effects regarding who migrated. Small differences in the age at arrival, specifically being 14-17 years old on entry compared to 18-21, resulted in substantial differences in future economic outcomes. Using Census Bureau data, we characterize the different career profiles of young vs. older immigrants, and we quantify explanatory factors like education, language fluency, and persistence from initial employers. |
| JEL: | F22 J15 J44 J61 J71 L26 M13 M51 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32067&r=sea |
| By: | Khan, Haider |
| Abstract: | In order to examine the formation of socially embedded capabilities (SEC) in the ASEAN region, we undertake an in-depth comparative dive into the relevant data for selected countries with special emphasis on the Philippines. We consider various dimensions of inclusivity and assess both the achievements so far and the failures in not just gender inclusivity but also ethno-religious and regional inclusivity. Furthermore, data barriers notwithstanding, whenever possible, intersectionality of location, class, gender and ethnicity are also explored through an application of socially embedded intersectional capabilities approach (SEICA)---an extension of the capabilities approach of Sen. The ASEAN identity can be analyzed and constructed further in an ethically desirable direction by using this extended capabilities approach. The data-intensive approach followed in this paper confirms this theoretical hypothesis. |
| Keywords: | socially embedded intersectional capabilities (SEIC), women’s capabilities, human rights and development; an ontology of difference and moral realism; the ASEAN region; the Philippines; growth and distribution |
| JEL: | A12 O1 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119908&r=sea |
| By: | Kaur, Jasleen |
| Abstract: | The performance of aid projects matters for development. Yet what shapes performance, is insufficiently understood. According to interdisciplinary research on organizational management and bureaucratic representation, the gender of operational leaders in complex organizations can have a discernible effect on all aspects of the project cycle. To this end, I seek to test whether the gender of aid project staff matters in explaining variation in project performance. I use a self-collected novel dataset from the Asian Development Bank to discern whether project staff’s gender (women vs men project leaders) is associated with project performance. I use multinomial-ordered logistic regressions to test the association of the gender of project managers with project performance measures of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. I find that projects led by women are, on average, associated with higher performance ratings on dimensions of efficiency. Significant and positive association with the relevance criterion is subject to model specification. However, I do not see an association with the effectiveness and sustainability criterion of project performance. This paper contributes to the literature by estimating the differential impact of women vs men project managers on disaggregated performance measures. It also lays down potential mechanisms and future research discourse |
| Date: | 2024–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uv9fh&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Thi Hai Binh |
| Abstract: | Purchasing through social commerce has become increasingly popular in recent years. Multiple papers have been conducted to examine customer purchasing behavior on social commerce platforms. Nevertheless, this study has restrictions in its applicability to poor nations and exclusively focuses on those who are employed. Currently, there is a lack of research papers specifically addressing the topic of consumers as possible viewers who are exposed to social commerce. This study aims to examine the variables that contribute to consumers' impulsive purchase behavior. Specifically, it focuses on identifying the factors that impact impulsive buying behavior among consumers. The development of my conceptual framework was based on the integration of two theories: The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Hence, non-probability sampling was selected for this investigation. Data was obtained from consumers who had made purchases on social commerce platforms using a questionnaire. The purpose was to investigate the components that influence consumers' behavioral intentions, including social influence (SI), behavior (AB), subjective norms (SNB), and behavioral control (BC). The findings indicate that several factors have a favorable impact on behavioral intention subsequently affect impulse buying behavior. The findings obtained from employing the PLS-SEM approach unambiguously demonstrated the impact of the components under investigation and conclusively indicated that SNB was not substantiated in this study. |
| Keywords: | Social commerce, Impulse buying, Consumers |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:281802&r=sea |
| By: | Thitithep Sitthiyot; Kanyarat Holasut |
| Abstract: | Forecasts for key macroeconomic variables are almost always made simultaneously by the same organizations, presented together, and used together in policy analyses and decision-makings. It is therefore important to know whether the forecasters are skillful enough to forecast the future values of those variables. Here a method for joint evaluation of skill in directional forecasts of multiple variables is introduced. The method is simple to use and does not rely on complicated assumptions required by the conventional statistical methods for measuring accuracy of directional forecast. The data on GDP growth and inflation forecasts of three organizations from Thailand, namely, the Bank of Thailand, the Fiscal Policy Office, and the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council as well as the actual data on GDP growth and inflation of Thailand between 2001 and 2021 are employed in order to demonstrate how the method could be used to evaluate the skills of forecasters in practice. The overall results indicate that these three organizations are somewhat skillful in forecasting the direction-of-changes of GDP growth and inflation when no band and a band of +/- 1 standard deviation of the forecasted outcome are considered. However, when a band of +/- 0.5% of the forecasted outcome is introduced, the skills in forecasting the direction-of-changes of GDP growth and inflation of these three organizations are, at best, little better than intelligent guess work. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2402.01142&r=sea |
| By: | Azmi, Siti Nor Aisyah |
| Abstract: | This study focusses at the aspects that can impact the outcomes of Pharmaniaga Berhad. The goal is to discover internal and external variables, as well as the combination of factors that may have an impact on the performance of Pharmaniaga Berhad. To determine the degree of significance of the connection between these variables, methods such as statistical and regression techniques have opted in this research case. When certain variables are considered, it becomes evident that return of equity (ROE) compared to other determinants, has the most significant influence on Pharmaniaga Berhad’ s performance. Nevertheless, even though the Pharmaniaga Berhad financial issue in 2022 possibly had an impact in the company subsequent slump in their performance but it is highlight that the financial issue is not coming from the any fraudulent activities. |
| Keywords: | Pharmaniaga Sdn Bhd (Malaysia), performance, profitability, Return of Assets (ROA), corporate governance |
| JEL: | G3 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119806&r=sea |
| By: | Barbara M. Fraumeni; Gang Liu; Shunsuke Managi |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to identify the sources of human capital growth for the observation period 1990-2020 by region, gender and various determinants. It is a preliminary version of a forthcoming Inclusive Wealth Report 2023 (UNESCO and Urban Institute of Kyushu University) report. It focuses on five important aggregates by gender: Asia, Africa, Latin America, G20, and the European Union to highlight differences. Human capital per capita does vary significantly across countries in each aggregate. Education and human capital is unevenly distributed among males and females, although both total and per capita human capital have grown over time in almost all countries. Attention must be paid to what has happened to the world's gender-disaggregated levels of education and human capital per capita over time. The future sustainability of nations and the well-being of individuals within nations depend on the continuation of historical progress. |
| JEL: | I21 J16 J24 O57 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32076&r=sea |
| By: | Sylvain Bellefontaine,; Jade Castaner,; Vincent Joguet,; Benoît Jonveaux,; Laura Marie,; Justine Mélot,; Amaury Mulliez,; Morgane Salomé,; Maxime Terrieux,; Alix Vigato |
| Abstract: | Three decades ago, it was believed that the end of the (first) Cold War would herald the “end of history” and the advent of economic globalization dominated by multinational companies, relegating governments to the sidelines. Today, we appear to be back in a political era, with governments brandishing the economic weapon and thereby fueling geopolitical fragmentation… In 2024, all eyes will once again be on the USA, as Americans will be among the half of the world’s population called to the polls this year. But in contrast to many other countries, their choice in the presidential election in November is likely to affect much of the world ! |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2024–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en16372&r=sea |
| By: | AZMI, NURUL NAJWANIE FATIEHAH |
| Abstract: | This research looks at the aspects that can impact the outcomes of KPJ Healthcare Sdn Bhd. The goal is to discover internal and external variables, as well as the combination of factors that may have an impact of the performance of KPJ Healthcare Sdn Bhd. To determine the degree of significance of the connection between these variables, methods such as statistical and regression techniques have opted in this research case. When certain variables are considered, it becomes evident that operational risk instead of other determinants has the most significant influence on KPJ Healthcare Sdn Bhd performance. However, despite the fact that the KPJ Healthcare Sdn Bhd controversy in 2022 possibly reveals that the corporation’s poor operational risk management might directly impact their performance as well. |
| Keywords: | KPJ Healthcare Sdn Bhd, profitability, performance, ROE, corporate governance |
| JEL: | G3 |
| Date: | 2023–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119810&r=sea |
| By: | Fraumeni, Barbara M. (Central University of Finance and Economics); Liu, Gang (Statistics Norway); Managi, Shunsuke (Kyushu University) |
| Abstract: | This working paper identifies the sources of human capital growth for the observation period 1990–2020 by region, gender and various determinants. It is a preliminary version of a forthcoming UNESCO/ Kyushu University Urban Institute Inclusive Wealth Report 2023 chapter. It focuses on five important country groups by gender - Asia, Africa, Latin America, the G20, and the EU - to highlight the differences between them. Human capital per capita varies significantly across countries in each group. Education and human capital is unevenly distributed among males and females, although both total and per capita human capital have grown over time in almost all countries. The paper concludes that attention must be paid to what has happened to the world's gender-disaggregated levels of education and human capital per capita over time. The future sustainability of nations and the well-being of individuals within nations depend on the continuation of historical progress. |
| Keywords: | human capital, country wealth, gender, country groups |
| JEL: | I21 J16 J24 O57 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16752&r=sea |
| By: | Kadir, Kadir; Prasetyo, Octavia Rizky |
| Abstract: | Our study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the forecasts produced based on the paddy growing phase obtained from the results of the Area Sampling Frame (ASF) Survey and, as a comparison, proposes an alternative forecast method taking into account the seasonal pattern and hierarchical structure of the national paddy harvested area estimation obtained from the ASF to improve the accuracy. In doing so, we calculated the MAPE by comparing the realization of paddy harvested area during the period January to September 2022 with their forecasts produced from the area of generative, late vegetative, and early vegetative phases. We also implemented a Hierarchical forecasting method on monthly data of the harvested area from January 2018 to August 2022 for all provinces. Specifically, we applied the bottom-up method for the reconciliation and the rolling window method to produce a three-consecutive month forecast for the period January to September 2022. We found that the accuracy prediction based on the paddy growing phase is moderately accurate. The combination of the bottom-up reconciliation method and the SARIMA model produces a much better accuracy for the national figure of paddy harvested area as shown by a lower MAPE. Our findings suggest that the Hierarchical forecasting method could be an alternative for the prediction of harvested area based on the ASF results other than the prediction obtained from the standing crops. |
| Keywords: | ASF, Hierarchical, forecasting, paddy, SARIMA |
| JEL: | C1 C18 C40 Q1 Q10 |
| Date: | 2023–08–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119893&r=sea |