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on South East Asia |
| By: | triyawan, andi; latifah, hafizah |
| Abstract: | Sharia monetary instruments incorporate monetary control based on sharia principles to assist Bank Indonesia in developing and implementing monetary policy. That’s way, it is expected that sharia monetary policy will create economic stability in Indonesia, one of which is rupiah value stability or inflation control. The goal of this research was to look at the impact of sharia monetary instruments, specifically Sharia Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBIC), Bank Indonesia Sharia Deposit Facilities (BISDF), and Sharia Interbank Call Money (SICM), on Indonesian inflation from 2011 to 2020. This is a quantitative study that explains the relation between the independent and dependent variables. The inflation percentage is the dependent variable, whereas the number of SBIC, BISDF, and SICM is the independent variable. This study used time series data from 2011-2020. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method is used in the analysis. The VECM estimation results reveal that SBIC has no effect on inflation in the long or short term. In the meantime, the BISDF has a large favorable influence on inflation, but only in the short term. Finally, in the long term, SICM has a negative influence on inflation, although in the short term, SICM has no effect on inflation. Furthermore, according to the Granger causality test, only the SBIC and BISDF variables demonstrate bidirectional causality. Meanwhile, unidirectional causality exists between the BISDF and inflation, SBIC and SICM, so do BISDF and SICM. |
| Date: | 2023–07–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wqynf&r=sea |
| By: | Majah-Leah V. Ravago (Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University) |
| Abstract: | This paper compares electricity cost structure in the Philippines vis-Ã -vis other Asian countries. The electricity prices in the Philippines are high by regional standards. From the comparative assessment, there is room for cost reduction from the various segments of the power supply chain in the Philippines. First is the utilization of an optimal mix of fuel sources based on the least-cost rule, where cost takes into account the environmental and health costs. The coal and petroleum excise taxes in the 2017 tax reform were a step in the right direction. As the costs of intermittent renewables, especially solar and storage, continue to fall, they may be increasingly attractive, especially in remote areas that use diesel-powered generators. Improvements in the thermal efficiency of coal-fired power plants could also help decrease the cost of fuel. Transmission and distribution losses in the Philippines are also high by regional standards. An assessment of the national grid code and technical audit may be warranted. Finally, the value-added tax in the Philippines is also high. Consumers in the Philippines are also taxed for systems losses and subsidies. Reevaluation of the tax base is also recommended. |
| Keywords: | Electricity, Electricity price, Philippines and Asia, deregulation |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 L4 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agy:dpaper:202302&r=sea |
| By: | Geoffrey M. Ducanes (Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University); Vincent Jerald Ramos (Humboldt University Berlin, Hertie School of Governance) |
| Abstract: | Using labor force survey (LFS) data collected before and during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the Philippines, we show that hard lockdowns have a larger negative impact on the employment of women who have minor children compared to women who do not have minor children. Among Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines is among the hardest-hit by the pandemic, in terms of both the number of infected and its economic toll. A big reason for the relatively large negative economic toll of the pandemic on the country is the extreme and militarized lockdown imposed at the onset of the pandemic in the country's three most populous and economically-important regions, namely Metro Manila, CALABARZON, and Central Luzon. Using difference-in-differences on pooled LFS data, we show that female household heads or spouses with children were significanlty less likely to have work during the hard lockdown compared to female household heads or spouses without children, even after controlling for important covariates. Among women with children, the employment losses are larger the greater number of children a woman has, suggesting a lockdown-induced motherhood penalty in the labor market. A big part of the explanation is the increased care responsibilities disproportionately done by mothers during hard lockdowns, given that children are forced to be at home and to do distance learning. We contribute to the literature on the gendered effects of COVID-19 lockdowns in a developing country. |
| Keywords: | female employment, Covid-19, hard lockdown, motherhood penalty |
| JEL: | J16 J21 J23 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agy:dpaper:202304&r=sea |
| By: | Majah-Leah V. Ravago (Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the nature and causes of high electricity prices in the Philippines. To understand the nature of the problem, we examine the industry's structure and the ensuing composition of the electricity tariff. Since 2001, the electricity industry has been undergoing a gradual transformation. From being vertically integrated, where the government holds the monopoly over transmission and owns most of the generation assets, the functions of generation, transmission, distribution, and retailing have been unbundled, and, at the same time, an electricity spot market has been established. Concurrent with the unbundling of functions is the unbundling of electricity rates. Two decades since the reform, the electricity rates in the Philippines are still among the highest. The paper identifies the causes and offers potential remedies. |
| Keywords: | Electricity, Philippines, deregulation |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 L49 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agy:dpaper:202301&r=sea |
| By: | Simbolon, Tiur Roida |
| Abstract: | Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan dengan otonomi daerah. Sistem pembangunan bergerak dari sentralisasi ke desentralisasi dengan otonomi daerah. Karena sistem desentralisasi memberikan keleluasaan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerahnya sendiri. Termasuk kabupaten Kapuas di Kalimantan Tengah yang diulas oleh penulis. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manajemen pengeluaran daerah dalam upaya penetapan otonomi daerah dengan studi kasus di Kabupaten Kapuas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan berlaku untuk semua daerah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan tujua menggambarkan pengelolaan belanja daerah di Indonesia. Konsentrasi ini juga menggunakan metode pengumpulan informasi subjektif melalui penelitian perpustakaan. Hasilnya adalah ada empat hal yang harus diketahui, dipelajari, dan diterapkan dalam manajemen pengeluaran daerah dalam upaya pemantapan otonomi daerah. Diantaranya yaitu, manajemen biaya stratejik untuk mengendalikan pengeluaran daerah, siklus perencanaan dan pengendalian, arti penting dan fungsi anggaran daerah, dan penerapan value for money dalam manajemen pengeluaran daerah. Maka dari itu, manajemen pengeluaran daerah yang baik akan membantu pemerintah daerah dalam memaksimalkan pengelolaan keuangan dan sumber daya yang tersedia. Sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejhteraan masyarakat, mengembangkan infrastruktur dan sarana publik, dan juga meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat setempat. |
| Date: | 2023–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:etxdn&r=sea |
| By: | Risman, Asep; Ali, Anees Janee; Soelton, Mochamad; Siswanti, Indra |
| Abstract: | This study aims to determine empirical evidence of the effect of financial inclusion and financial technology (fintech) on the behavioral finance of MSMEs. This study uses a quantitative method with a positivist paradigm approach. The population of this study is all MSMEs in Indonesia. The sample used in this study is 205 respondents (MSME owners) from all over Indonesia. Sampling is carried out using a random technique. Data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires, both manually and online using Google Forms, and is measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The data processing is carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS) software with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The results of this study show that financial inclusion and financial technology (fintech) have a direct positive effect on the behavioral finance of MSMEs. Financial technology (fintech) can mediate and increase the effect of financial inclusion on the behavioral finance of MSMEs. |
| Keywords: | Financial Inclusion, Financial Technology, Behavioral Finance of MSMEs |
| JEL: | G02 |
| Date: | 2022–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118212&r=sea |
| By: | Chi, Manjiao |
| Abstract: | Asian countries should enhance regional investment facilitation rulemaking despite their diverse level of development. This Perspective discusses the various courses of action Asian countries could take to improve regional investment facilitation rulemaking and the major challenges they face. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:colfdi:360&r=sea |
| By: | Majah-Leah V. Ravago (Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University); Karl Robert L. Jandoc (School of Economics, University of the Philippines); Miah Maye Pormon (University of the Philippines) |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically investigates the contributory factors to forced outage declarations of power plants through a survival analysis model with recurring events. Using plant-level data in the Philippines, we find that higher reserve margins, higher share capacity (a measure of concentration) and the number of planned outages and days since the last maintenance (preventive maintenance indicators) reduce the risk of forced outages. On the other hand, an increase in the use rate (a measure of the intensity of power plant utilization), and geothermal, solar and biodiesel plants correlate positively to more forced outages. Focusing on episodes where outages were disproportionately higher in the past decade— we find that thinning reserve margin correlates significantly to forced outage incidence. This may indicate potential tacit coordination among generators to withhold capacity in the short run. |
| Keywords: | forced outage; survival analysis; recurring events; Philippines |
| JEL: | K32 N75 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agy:dpaper:202303&r=sea |
| By: | Mohammad Armughan (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics); Sameen Zafar (Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore) |
| Abstract: | Worldwide electronic waste (e-waste) is a prime contributor to environmental degradation and leads to adverse impacts on human health. Asia is the prime victim of ewaste. Asian countries have e-waste policies regarding illegal trade, dumping, recycling techniques, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) to ensure the safe and responsible disposal of e-waste by reducing its impact on the environment. However, countries are struggling to cope with e-waste. The study aims to assess e-waste policies in Asian countries and find best practices for e-waste management. The study also highlights the extent of e-waste generated in Asian countries and how much new electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) are put on the market. Based on analysis and issues related to e-waste policies in Asian countries, the study proposes a general framework for e-waste management. Lastly, a brief context of Pakistan is discussed. Precisely, the study encourages the feasibility and efficacy of e-waste management policies and practices in Asia. |
| Keywords: | Asia, E-waste, E-waste Management, EEE, Legislation, Policies, Policy Issues, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2023:7&r=sea |
| By: | Facundo Alvaredo (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Denis Cogneau (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Thomas Piketty (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We assess income inequality across French and British colonial empires between 1920 and 1960, exploiting for the first time income tax tabulations. As measured by top income shares, inequality was high in colonies. Europeans comprised the bulk of top income earners, and only a minority of autochthons could compete income-wise. Top income shares were no higher in settlement colonies, those territories were wealthier and the average European settler was less rich than the average expatriate. Inequality among autochthons was moderate, and inequality among Europeans was similar to that of the metropoles. The post-WWII fall in income inequality can be explained by the one among Europeans, mirroring that of the metropoles, and does not imply that the European/autochthon income gap was very much reduced. After independence, the mass recruitment of state employees induced a large increase in inequality among autochthons. Dualistic structures lost their racial dimension and changed shape, yet persisted. |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Top incomes, Colonialism, Africa, Asia |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03324907&r=sea |
| By: | P. G. Morrison |
| Abstract: | This paper will demonstrate some new techniques for developing the theory of Asian (arithmetic average) options pricing. We discuss the basic derivation of the diffusion equations, and how various techniques from potential theory can be applied to solve these complex expressions. The Whittaker-type confluent hypergeometric functions are introduced, and we discuss how these functions are related to other systems including Mehler-Fock and modified Bessel functions. We close with a brief analysis of some index transforms and the kernels related to these integral transforms. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.09969&r=sea |
| By: | Sulasula, Josephine |
| Abstract: | This research explores the entrepreneurial dimension of public universities in the Zamboanga Peninsula Region of the Philippines, focusing on identifying best practices and addressing associated controversies. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the findings reveal that several public universities in the region have embraced entrepreneurial practices to enhance their financial sustainability and academic quality. These practices include forging partnerships with the private sector to establish research and innovation centers, developing market-driven academic programs, and engaging in income-generating projects. Consequently, these institutions have experienced increased revenue streams and improved reputations, while simultaneously fostering stronger ties with local industries and addressing socio-economic challenges. However, the study also uncovers controversies related to the entrepreneurial approach. Critics argue that overemphasis on revenue generation may compromise the universities' social mission, resulting in potential conflicts of interest and erosion of academic integrity. Furthermore, concerns about accessibility and affordability of education for marginalized populations have been raised. In conclusion, this study highlights the diverse entrepreneurial practices adopted by public universities in the Zamboanga Peninsula Region, emphasizing the need for balanced approaches that align financial sustainability with social responsibility. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of public higher education institutions in the Philippines' development landscape. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial dimension, public universities, Zamboanga Peninsula Region, Best practices, Controversies |
| JEL: | A10 H7 L0 L3 L32 L38 L8 L80 L88 M0 M00 M1 M10 M2 M21 Z1 Z18 |
| Date: | 2023–04–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118043&r=sea |
| By: | Bormasa, Monica Feronica |
| Abstract: | KATA PENGANTAR Segala Puji dan syukur atas kehadirat Allah SWT dalam segala kesempatan. Sholawat beriring salam dan doa kita sampaikan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW. Alhamdulillah atas Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya penulis telah menyelesaikan Buku Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Teori) ini. Proses penulisan buku ini berhasil diselesaikan atas kerjasama tim penulis. Demi kualitas yang lebih baik dan kepuasan para pembaca, saran dan masukan yang membangun dari pembaca sangat kami harapkan. Penulis ucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah mendukung dalam penyelesaian buku ini. Terutama pihak yang telah membantu terbitnya buku ini dan telah mempercayakan mendorong, dan menginisiasi terbitnya buku ini. Semoga buku ini dapat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Padang, Januari 2023 Penulis |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ygpsd&r=sea |
| By: | David Guerrero (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel); Hidekazu Itoh (School of Business Administration [Kwansei Gakuin] - Kwansei Gakuin University); Guanie Lim (GRIPS - National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies); Petronille Harnay (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel); Guillaume Corre (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | The formation of supplier networks at the integrated peripheries is a complex process and results from variegated strategies adopted by firms seeking to adapt to the specificities of each host state. This study aims to provide a preliminary explanation of these patterns by focusing on the case of tier 1 suppliers serving Japanese car manufacturers in Thailand. The empirical data, which captures supply relationships for five different car parts and components, was analyzed using a network visualization method. Our initial findings provide insights into how the supply networks vary across car manufacturers and countries and suggest some of the conditions at the integrated peripheries which can enable suppliers to expand their client portfolio to gain scale. The paper also discusses how the integrated periphery framework intersects with the keiretsu networks of Japanese car manufacturers. |
| Keywords: | automobile industry, Thailand, integrated periphery, supply network, global production networks, spatial division of labor |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04166229&r=sea |
| By: | François Fulconis (AU - Avignon Université, CRET-LOG - Centre de Recherche sur le Transport et la Logistique - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Gilles Pache (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The place occupied by territories in the functioning of global value chains has been highly topical sin ce economies were hit by external shocks of great violence from February 2020 onwards. Many components and final products have been subject to sometimes lasting delivery disruptions, which has highlighted the dependence of Western assembly plants on international sources of supply, particularly in the automotive and microcomputer industries. Even more seriously, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020, the lack of protective masks, the production of which was relocated to Asia, highlighted a vulnerability that could have deadly consequences for the population. Faced with this vulnerability, a virulent debate has been launched on the urgency of relocating industrial activities in Europe, which is part of a broader political approach to reindustrialization. This is particularly the case in France, where governmental authorities have decided to implement an ambitious plan for the revitalization of territories in 2021 under the leadership of President Emmanuel Macron. This change of course is surprising after decades of-desireddevelopment of global value chains, one of the consequences of which is a dramatic deindustrialization in terms of employment, with the explosion of unemployment in many regions whose development was based on the steel and textile industries. The objective of this article is to present the main elements of the French plan for the revitalization of territories and to underline the importance of considering the shared value for a successful relocation of industrial activities. |
| Keywords: | Cluster, France, Global value chain, Relocation, Territory |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04174012&r=sea |