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on South East Asia |
| By: | Sabir, Muhammad Resa Putra; Mokodompit, Eliyanti Agus |
| Abstract: | Indonesia disebut sebagai negara maritim karena dibuktikan dengan Indonesia memiliki lebih dari 17.000 gugusan pulau, antar pulau satu dengan lainnya dipisahkan oleh laut. Indonesia memiliki potensi maritim yang sangat besar dan penting. Dengan kepulauan yang luas dan garis pantai yang panjang, negara ini memiliki sumber daya kelautan yang melimpah, seperti kekayaan hayati, sumber daya energi, dan potensi pariwisata. Pemahaman mendalam tentang potensi maritim Indonesia memungkinkan pengembangan yang berkelanjutan dan pengelolaan yang baik terhadap sumber daya kelautan. Dengan pemetaan yang akurat dan pemahaman yang baik tentang potensi ekonomi, lingkungan, dan strategis, Indonesia dapat mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan sumber daya maritim untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. |
| Date: | 2023–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dnrt3&r=sea |
| By: | Widiawaty, Millary Agung; Dede, Moh. (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Buku ini memberikan pemahaman tentang potensi energi nuklir sebagai solusi dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan dan pengurangan emisi karbon. Dari dasar-dasar reaksi nuklir hingga pengaplikasiannya dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk energi, pembaca akan dipandu untuk menyongsong kesiapan infrastruktur untuk pembangunan PLTN di Indonesia. Dengan pengalaman dari negara-negara lain dan konsep FOLU Net Sink, buku ini menggambarkan bagaimana penggunaan energi nuklir dapat menjadi jawaban atas tantangan perubahan iklim. Namun, tantangan yang muncul, seperti ketergantungan pada teknologi dan bahan bakar dari negara lain, masalah keamanan dan risiko lingkungan, dan masalah sosial dan politik, juga disajikan dengan jelas. Meskipun demikian, buku ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pengelolaan risiko yang efektif dan penerapan standar keselamatan yang tinggi, energi nuklir dapat menjadi solusi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi dunia yang semakin meningkat dan untuk mengurangi emisi karbon. Buku ini akan memberikan wawasan berharga bagi siapa saja yang tertarik dalam pengembangan energi nuklir dan tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan secara global. |
| Date: | 2023–04–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vwyh6&r=sea |
| By: | Legarde, Lean Monique |
| Abstract: | This research paper presents a comprehensive case study on human smuggling activities along the Philippines-Malaysia border, with a particular focus on the role of Maritime Police Patrol (MPP) in combating this transnational criminal enterprise. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of MPP strategies, examine the underlying factors contributing to the prevalence of human smuggling, and provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing border security. Drawing upon primary data collected through structured interviews, observations, and analysis of official records, the study highlights the alarming rise in human smuggling incidents in recent years. Findings indicate that sophisticated smuggling networks exploit porous border areas, taking advantage of socioeconomic vulnerabilities and inadequate surveillance systems. The MPP's active patrolling efforts, backed by advanced technological resources, have yielded tangible outcomes, such as a significant increase in apprehensions and disruptions of smuggling operations. Through a careful examination of successful interventions and identified gaps, this research offers actionable recommendations for policy-makers and law enforcement agencies to strengthen border control mechanisms. Key areas of focus include enhancing interagency coordination, promoting intelligence-sharing networks, bolstering MPP capacity through training and equipment, and engaging local communities to serve as active stakeholders in deterring human smuggling. |
| Date: | 2023–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:46pzb&r=sea |
| By: | Stephen Ayerst; Loren Brandt; Diego Restuccia |
| Abstract: | The expansion in farm size is an important contributor to agricultural productivity in developed countries where more productive farms are larger, but in less developed economies the allocation of factor inputs to more productive farms is hindered. How do distortions to factor-input allocation affect farm dynamics and agricultural productivity? We develop a model of heterogeneous farms making cropping choices and investing in productivity improvements. We calibrate the model using detailed farm-level panel data from Vietnam, exploiting regional differences in agricultural institutions and outcomes. We focus on south Vietnam and quantify the effect of higher measured distortions in the North on farm choices and agricultural productivity. We find that the higher distortions in north Vietnam reduce agricultural productivity by 47%, accounting for 70% of the observed 2.5-fold difference between regions. Moreover, two-thirds of the productivity loss is driven by farms' choice of lower productivity crops and reductions in productivity-enhancing investment, which more than doubles the productivity loss from static factor misallocation. |
| Keywords: | Farm dynamics, productivity, size, distortions, misallocation, Vietnam. |
| JEL: | O11 O14 O4 |
| Date: | 2023–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tor:tecipa:tecipa-754&r=sea |
| By: | Arquiza-Legarde, Lean Monique |
| Abstract: | This research examines the War on Drugs in Zamboanga City, Philippines, from a public health perspective, aiming to deepen our understanding of the multifaceted implications of this policy on the local community. By utilizing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, this study provides empirical evidence and critical analysis of the consequences of the drug war on public health outcomes. Drawing on primary data collected from surveys administered to a sample of residents in Zamboanga City, as well as interviews with key stakeholders, this research investigates the effects of the War on Drugs on drug-related violence, addiction rates, and access to healthcare services. The findings reveal a complex relationship between the drug war and public health outcomes, shedding light on the unintended consequences and collateral damage inflicted on the population. By employing a public health lens, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding the War on Drugs in the Philippines, offering valuable insights for policymakers, public health practitioners, and community stakeholders. The empirical data presented in this research highlight the urgent need for evidence-based interventions and harm reduction strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of the drug war on public health outcomes in Zamboanga City. |
| Keywords: | War on Drugs, public health, Zamboanga City, Philippines, drug-related violence, addiction rates, healthcare services |
| JEL: | I00 Z00 |
| Date: | 2023–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117884&r=sea |
| By: | Anh, Lê Nữ Tùng; Trung, Tran Thanh |
| Abstract: | INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL INTERACTION ON IMPULSIVE ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR IN VIETNAM This study relies on a stimulus, object and response (SOR) framework to examine the impact of social interactions on consumers’ online impulsive shopping behavior in Vietnam. The survey of 282 consumers in local provinces and cities shows that: (1) Evaluation quality and imitation are important prerequisites for the beneft perception of online reviews; (2) Reliable sources of information and perceived benefts have a direct and indirect impact on positive influence, which leads to the online shopping intention and shopping behavior. Nghiên cứu này dựa vào khung phản ứng kích thích, đối tượng và đáp ứng (SOR) để xem xét tác động của các tương tác xã hội đối với hành vi mua sắm ngẫu hứng của người tiêu dùng trên nền tảng trực tuyến tại Việt Nam. Kết quả khảo sát 282 người tiêu dùng ở các tỉnh, thành phố trong nước cho thấy: (1) Chất lượng đánh giá và sự bắt chước là tiền đề quan trọng về sự cảm nhận hữu ích của các đánh giá trực tuyến; (2) Nguồn thông tin đáng tin và sự cảm nhận hữu ích có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp và gián tiếp đến Ảnh hưởng tích cực, điều này dẫn đến sự thôi thúc mua ngẫu hứng và hành vi mua ngẫu hứng. Từ khóa: Mua hàng ngẫu hứng, tương tác xã hội, mua sắm trực tuyến, đánh giá trực tuyến, sự bắt chước |
| Date: | 2022–10–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dcz4b&r=sea |
| By: | Sulasula, Josephine |
| Abstract: | This study employs a comprehensive assessment framework to evaluate the readiness of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX), Philippines, for the adoption of algorithmic government. Algorithmic government refers to the utilization of advanced algorithms and data-driven approaches to enhance governance processes and decision-making. Drawing on primary data collected from a sample of SUCs in Zamboanga Peninsula, this study presents empirical evidence on the current state of algorithmic readiness in these institutions. Key indicators of readiness, such as technological infrastructure, data governance policies, human capital capacity, and stakeholder engagement, are assessed through a rigorous evaluation framework. The findings reveal significant variation in the level of readiness among SUCs in the region, highlighting both strengths and areas requiring improvement. Through the identification of key challenges and opportunities, this research contributes to the discourse on algorithmic government in the context of developing countries. The implications of the study's findings extend beyond Zamboanga Peninsula, providing valuable insights for policymakers and administrators seeking to enhance the use of algorithms and data-driven approaches in SUCs. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions to strengthen algorithmic readiness, ultimately fostering more efficient, transparent, and accountable governance processes. |
| Keywords: | algorithmic government, readiness assessment, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines, public administration, data-driven decision-making, technological infrastructure, data governance policies, human capital capacity, stakeholder engagement. |
| JEL: | I00 I2 I20 I28 I29 Y8 Y80 Z0 Z1 Z10 Z18 Z19 |
| Date: | 2023–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117888&r=sea |
| By: | Atilano-Tang, Lesley Ann |
| Abstract: | This study examines the vulnerability and resilience of coastal barangays in Zamboanga City, Philippines, in the context of disaster risk management. Utilizing a comprehensive data collection approach, including interviews, surveys, and field observations, this research aims to identify key factors that contribute to the vulnerability of these communities, as well as the strategies employed to enhance their resilience. The analysis of primary data collected from 30 households across five coastal barangays reveals that these communities face significant vulnerabilities to various hazards, including typhoons, storm surges, and sea-level rise. Findings indicate that factors such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to basic services, and high poverty levels intensify their exposure to disasters. In response to these challenges, the study documents several resilience-building initiatives undertaken by the local government and community organizations. These efforts include the establishment of early warning systems, the implementation of hazard-resistant infrastructure, and the promotion of community-based disaster risk reduction and management practices. |
| Keywords: | disaster risk management, vulnerability, resilience, coastal barangays, Zamboanga City, Philippines, hazards, infrastructure, poverty, community-based initiatives. |
| JEL: | I30 I38 Y80 Y90 Z00 |
| Date: | 2023–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117885&r=sea |
| By: | Tendero, Emerissa Jane |
| Abstract: | This study explores the controversies and available options surrounding the implementation of the ISO 9001:2015 quality management system in local government units (LGUs) within Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX), Philippines. By employing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, the study investigates the challenges, benefits, and potential solutions associated with ISO 9001:2015 adoption in the context of LGUs. Drawing from the LGUs in Zamboanga Peninsula, data were collected through surveys, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of ISO 9001:2015 in LGUs encounters notable controversies and presents a range of options for local administrators. The study reveals that the primary challenges include limited resources, inadequate understanding of ISO standards, resistance to change, and the absence of a supportive organizational culture. Furthermore, the research identifies several options to address these challenges effectively. These options encompass capacity-building initiatives, stakeholder engagement, internal process improvements, and the establishment of a conducive organizational environment. Notably, the study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that account for the unique characteristics and circumstances of each LGU. This research contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the controversies and options surrounding the implementation of ISO 9001:2015 in LGUs. The findings serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, local administrators, and stakeholders involved in enhancing the quality of public service delivery. By adopting effective strategies, LGUs in Zamboanga Peninsula can overcome challenges and leverage the benefits of ISO 9001:2015 to improve their overall performance and governance. |
| Keywords: | ISO 9001:2015, local government units, controversies, options, Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. |
| JEL: | A10 A19 Y80 Y90 Z00 Z1 |
| Date: | 2023–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117886&r=sea |
| By: | Lan, Trần Thị Ngọc; Thủy, Nguyễn Thị Bích; Trung, Tran Thanh |
| Abstract: | IMPACTS OF FDI ON THE ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN HO CHI MINH CITY This study was conducted in the hope to provide more scientifc basis to help managers and policy makers evaluate the foreign direct investment (FDI) activities in economic restructuring process in the Ho Chi Minh City. The research analyzes the achievements in atracting FDI to promote restructuring of industries such as services, construction, and agriculture and points out the causes of the limitations, thereby proposing recommendations to promote fast and sustainable socio-economic development of the city. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện với mong muốn góp phần cung cấp thêm cơ sở khoa học giúp các nhà quản lý, nhà hoạch định chính sách đánh giá thực tiễn hoạt động thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI) đến chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế của TP. Hồ Chí Minh. Trên cơ sở phân tích những kết quả đạt được trong thu hút FDI thúc đẩy chuyển dịch cơ cấu ngành, lĩnh vực: dịch vụ; công nghiệp, xây dựng; nông nghiệp và đưa ra những nguyên nhân của hạn chế, nhóm nghiên cứu đề xuất các khuyến nghị nhằm thúc đẩy tốc độ phát triển kinh tế - xã hội của TP. Hồ Chí Minh theo hướng nhanh và bền vững... Từ khóa: Chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế, đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài, TP. Hồ Chí Minh |
| Date: | 2022–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:smxrc&r=sea |
| By: | Vuong, Bui Nhat (Vietnam Aviation Academy) |
| Abstract: | Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là để xác định các yếu tố của trải nghiệm khách hàng ảnh hưởng đến lòng trung thành của khách hàng. Bên cạnh đó, vai trò trung gian của sự hài lòng của khách hàng cũng sẽ được xem xét. Dữ liệu đã được thu thập từ khảo sát 696 hành khách sống tại TP. HCM đã từng sử dụng dịch vụ bay với hàng hàng không giá rẻ tại Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu từ mô hình phương trình cấu trúc bình phương nhỏ nhất một phần cho thấy sáu yếu tố của trải nghiệm khách hàng đã tác động tích cực đến lòng trung thành của khách hàng theo thứ tự giảm dần như sau: Chất lượng tiếp viên hàng không, Dịch vụ làm thủ tục/hành lý, Dịch vụ đặt vé trực tuyến, Lịch trình chuyến bay thuận tiện, Phòng chờ, và Độ tin cậy của dịch vụ. Thêm vào đó, các mối quan hệ này đã được trung gian toàn phần bởi sự hài lòng của khách hàng. Nghiên cứu cũng đã đề xuất một số hàm ý quản trị nào nhằm xây dựng trải nghiệm dịch vụ tốt hơn tại các hãng hàng không giá rẻ trên địa bàn TP. Hồ Chí Minh để gia tăng lòng trung thành của khách hàng. |
| Date: | 2023–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:n56qr&r=sea |
| By: | Sulasula, Josephine |
| Abstract: | This academic research presents a comprehensive capacity-building needs assessment for Futures Thinking in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) within the Zamboanga Peninsula Region of the Philippines. The study aims to identify the knowledge gaps and training requirements necessary to enhance the capacity of educational institutions in the region to engage in effective futures thinking practices. Through a rigorous data collection process, including surveys and interviews with key stakeholders, the research gathered empirical evidence on the current state of futures thinking in SUCs. The findings reveal a significant need for capacity-building initiatives in futures thinking methodologies. The study also identified specific areas where SUCs lacked expertise, including scenario planning, trend analysis, and strategic foresight. Additionally, faculty members expressed a desire for more resources and support to integrate futures thinking into their curricula. The research underscores the importance of addressing these capacity-building needs to ensure that SUCs in the Zamboanga Peninsula Region are equipped to navigate future uncertainties and contribute to the development of the Philippines. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, university administrators, and education professionals seeking to enhance futures thinking capabilities in higher education institutions. This study lays the groundwork for future interventions aimed at strengthening the capacity of SUCs in the region, enabling them to effectively anticipate and shape future trends and challenges through the application of futures thinking methodologies |
| Keywords: | capacity-building, needs assessment, futures thinking, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Zamboanga Peninsula Region, Philippines |
| JEL: | H10 H11 H4 H41 H7 H70 H75 H77 H8 H83 I2 I23 I25 I28 L3 L30 L31 L38 L8 M0 M00 M1 M10 M15 M19 M2 O2 O20 O3 O31 O32 O33 O38 Z0 Z00 |
| Date: | 2023–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118047&r=sea |
| By: | Supawich Puengdang; Worawate Ausawalaithong; Phiratath Nopratanawong; Narongdech Keeratipranon; Chayut Wongkamthong |
| Abstract: | Real estate is a critical sector in Thailand's economy, which has led to a growing demand for a more accurate land price prediction approach. Traditional methods of land price prediction, such as the weighted quality score (WQS), are limited due to their reliance on subjective criteria and their lack of consideration for spatial variables. In this study, we utilize aerial or satellite imageries from Google Map API to enhance land price prediction models from the dataset provided by Kasikorn Business Technology Group (KBTG). We propose a similarity-based asset valuation model that uses a Siamese-inspired Neural Network with pretrained EfficientNet architecture to assess the similarity between pairs of lands. By ensembling deep learning and tree-based models, we achieve an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of approximately 0.81, outperforming the baseline model that used only tabular data. The appraisal prices of nearby lands with similarity scores higher than a predefined threshold were used for weighted averaging to predict the reasonable price of the land in question. At 20\% mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), we improve the recall from 59.26\% to 69.55\%, indicating a more accurate and reliable approach to predicting land prices. Our model, which is empowered by a more comprehensive view of land use and environmental factors from aerial or satellite imageries, provides a more precise, data-driven, and adaptive approach for land valuation in Thailand. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2307.08650&r=sea |
| By: | Jean N. Lee (World Bank); Jonathan Morduch (Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University); Saravana Ravindran (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore); Abu S. Shonchoy (Department of Economics, Florida International University) |
| Abstract: | Mobile money has spread globally, introducing new payment technologies and reducing dependence on cash. Using mobile money can affect spending decisions and how people perceive money itself. Behavioral household finance shows that people are often more willing to spend when using less tangible forms of money like debit and credit cards than when spending in cash. We test whether a similar positive “payment effect†holds for mobile money. In contrast, we find a consistently lower willingness to spend in Bangladesh, where mobile money is now widespread. We draw on surveys embedded within an experiment that allows us to control for the relationships between senders and receivers of mobile money. The findings are consistent with mobile money being earmarked or labeled for particular uses. For rural households, who typically receive remittances from relatives working in the city, for example, mobile money often comes with expectations of how the money should be spent. Spending with cash, in contrast, tends to be more fungible. In urban areas, where the sample is largely comprised of remittance-senders, payment effects are substantially smaller. |
| Keywords: | payment effect, digital finance, willingness to pay, social meaning of money, earmarks |
| JEL: | O15 G41 G50 D91 D14 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fiu:wpaper:2304&r=sea |
| By: | Indrageni, Putri |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to determine of job stress effect, job satisfaction and organizational climateto turnover intention on the PT. Kencana Sawit Indonesia. The respondentamounted to52 staff, determining respondents using random sampling from the number of respondent 108. Data was collected byquestionnaires. The study uses the job stress and organizational climate of independent variables and turnover intention of dependent variables along job satifaction mediation variables.This shows that the higher the perceived stress, the greater the employee turnover intention, and the better the organizational climate satifaction and turnover intention would be lower. |
| Date: | 2023–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2386f&r=sea |
| By: | Chaijaroen, Pasita; Panda, Pallavi |
| Abstract: | Increased education affects market and non-market outcomes. This paper investigates the causal impact of the extension of compulsory education from 6 to 9 years on females' education, marriage, and fertility outcomes in Thailand. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and a donut-hole Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, we show that the new law increases lower secondary school completion in girls, leading to decreased probabilities of giving birth in the school-age years (14-17 years). The policy primarily affects the marginal child leading to the postponement of the timing of their fertility to after-school years. We also document heterogeneity and show that the fertility effects are stronger for Muslim women. The policy leads to a consistent drop in the probability of marriage and cumulative births for Muslim women, which sustain beyond the completion of schooling years. The results hold with alternative empirical model specifications and falsification tests. |
| Keywords: | Compulsory Schooling, Education, Marriage, Fertility, Thailand, Social Norms |
| JEL: | J13 J12 I25 I28 I21 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1314&r=sea |
| By: | Sylvain Bellefontaine; Maxime TERRIEUX; Amaury Mulliez; Benoît Jonveaux; Emmanuelle Mansart Monat; Alix VIGATO; Vincent Joguet; Maëlan Le Goff; Morgane Salomé; Floriane Vallée |
| Abstract: | Since the last edition of our publication MacroDev Semestrial in February 2023, international economic developments have remained eventful and intense, against the backdrop of the continued global geopolitical reconfiguration. They are not without consequences for emerging and developing countries (EDCs), which are increasingly becoming actors and stakeholders in a multipolar world. The succession of shocks since 2020 has severely tested the macroeconomic stability of a number of countries, first and foremost the poorest, in a way that challenges even more acutely their development trajectory and its financing.There has been an editorial change to this edition of MacroDev semestrial panorama, with the first section devoted to global economic developments, still focusing on EDCs, instead of the previous thematic section. It is followed by the Country Focuses in the second section. For this edition, our attention has been drawn to China, Cambodia, Serbia, Burkina Faso, Uganda, Rwanda, Tunisia, Brazil & Mexico. We hope that these analyses will fuel your interest and thinking in terms of the challenges and socioeconomic prospects of these countries! |
| Keywords: | Burkina Faso, Ouganda, Rwanda, Tunisie, Brésil, Mexique, Balkans occidentaux, Cambodge, Chine |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2023–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15793&r=sea |
| By: | Brunetti, Marianna; Zaiceva, Anzelika |
| Abstract: | Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which is usually not observed, yet crucial for the self-employment decision. Unlike most of the existing empirical literature, we find that immigrants in Italy are less likely to be self-employed. The negative gap is confirmed when propensity score matching methodology is used. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the negative gap is larger for men, for economic migrants and those coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, while it is not significant for mixed immigrant-native couples, for highly skilled, and for migrants from Asia and Oceania. The largest gap is found for those working in the agricultural sector. Regarding additional channels, we explore the role of access to credit, including the informal one, and whether migrants are credit constrained, as well as the importance of migrant networks, easiness of doing business, and expenditures on services for migrants. Despite finding significant correlations between self-employment and some of these factors, none of them seem to decrease the magnitude of the negative gap. |
| Keywords: | immigrants, self-employment, gender, intermarriage, propensity score matching |
| JEL: | F22 J21 O15 J15 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1313&r=sea |