nep-sea New Economics Papers
on South East Asia
Issue of 2023‒07‒31
nineteen papers chosen by
Kavita Iyengar, Asian Development Bank


  1. PENERAPAN REINVENTING GOVERNMENT DI INDONESIA By RIZQAH, MUFTIHAH
  2. KPR Dalam Tinjauan Fiqih By Azhari, Iqrima; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
  3. THE USTR SPECIAL REPORT 301: ANALYZING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISPUTES AND COUNTERFEIT GOODS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES (WORKING PAPER, 2023) By Singh, Shivani; kesari, Khushi
  4. PERAN BAITUL MAAL MATTAMWIL (BMT) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT By ramadhan, al fadli
  5. Praktik Wakaf di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Fiqh Kontemporer By FAUZIAH, ENENG SAADAH; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
  6. Adjustments of Multinational’s Production Activities in Response to the US-Sino Trade War : Evidence from Japanese affiliate-level data By LIANG, Licheng; MATSUURA, Toshiyuki
  7. Liquidity Ratio Analysis at PT. Bank Nagari Padang By , Rojalina; Putra, Yosep Eka
  8. Inflation, Monetary Policy and the Sacrifice Ratio:The Case of Southeast Asia By Leef H. Dierks
  9. Korea faces opportunities as well as risks under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework By Jeffrey J. Schott; Megan Hogan
  10. Indonesia: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Indonesia By International Monetary Fund
  11. MARKETING STRATEGY AND SUCCESS FACTORS OF TAHU BULAT TRADERS A CASE STUDY IN PEKALONGAN CITY By Septiani, Dyah Putri
  12. Praktik Lelang di Indonesia Menurut Syariah Islam By Fithrotuzzuhroh, Wulida; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
  13. Socialium or the Financial Price of Social Responsibility By Diana Pop; Caroline Marie-Jeanne; Régis Dumoulin
  14. Labor Market Competition and Attitudes toward Immigrants: New Evidence from Asia By Lee, Zeewan; Fong, Joelle H.
  15. Jual Beli Online Dalam Islam By Dadan, Asep; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
  16. Giáo trình Nghiệp vụ Hướng dẫn Du lịch By , Le Thai Son; Lương, Bùi Vũ; Giao, Ha Nam Khanh; Anh, Huynh Diep Tram; Ngan, Nguyen Thi Kim; Dong, Doan Quang
  17. State Repression, Exit, and Voice By Mathias Bühler; Andreas Madestam
  18. Indonesia: Selected Issues By International Monetary Fund
  19. Perencanaan Dan Studi Kelayakan Bisnis (Langkah Sukses Mengembangkan Bisnis) By Hidayat, Muhammad

  1. By: RIZQAH, MUFTIHAH
    Abstract: Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk memperdalam wawasan tentang penerapan reinventing government (kewirausahaaan birokrasi) di indonesia. Pemerintah di daerah dituntut agar bisa mandiri, usaha tersebut dapat diterapkan agar produktivitas dan efisiensi kerja Pemda bisa dioptimalkan. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman atas cara-cara mewirausahakan birokrasi Pemerintahan Daerah perlu dikuasai oleh aparat birokrasi. Reinventing Government yang sering disebut juga dengan Mewirausahakan Birokrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode studi kepustakaan.
    Date: 2023–06–20
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nq5bz&r=sea
  2. By: Azhari, Iqrima; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
    Abstract: Memiliki rumah merupakan , salah satu kebutuhan dasar manusia. Dimana setiap insan membutuhkan tempat untuk bernaung didalamnya. Masalahnya, tidak semua masyarakat sanggup untuk memilikinya. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut pemerintah membuat program KPR sebagai solusinya. Program ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan masyarakat untuk memiliki rumah dengan biaya terjangkau. KPR ini direalisasikan dengan bantuan kerja sama antara pemerintahan dan perbankan. Namun program KPR ini ternyata tidak menjadi solusi yang sempurna. Salah satu faktor masalah yang muncul pada program ini adalah kenaikan suku bunga. Bank Indonesia (BI) telah menaikkan suku bunga acuan selama beberapa kali dalam tahun 2022. Dalam Rapat Dewan Gubernur (RDG) BI, suku bunga acuan pada tahun 2022 ditutup sebesar 5, 50%. Atau lebih tinggi dari suku bunga acuan pada akhir tahun 2021 yang sebesar 3, 50%. Para ekonom memprediksi di tahun 2023 ini suku bunga BI akan kembali mengalami kenaikan. Kenaikan suku bunga ini telah memberikan dampak terhadap masyarakat di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah kepada para pegawai/karyawan yang memiliki fasilitas KPR. Penelitian ini akan membahas tinjauan Islam akan hukum transaksi KPR dengan menggunakan metode hukum fiqh isntinbath.
    Date: 2023–06–21
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7pgza&r=sea
  3. By: Singh, Shivani; kesari, Khushi
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the USTR Special Report 301, its methodology for categorizing countries, and key issues highlighted in the 2022 report. It analyzes data from the USTR reports over the past three years, focusing on developments in Asian countries and concerns of rights holders. The paper explores the problem of counterfeit goods in China and Southeast Asia and its impact on the global economy. It also delves into the culture of counterfeiting and its underlying factors. Criticisms against the USTR Special Report 301 are examined, and its effectiveness in promoting global IPR protection is evaluated. Overall, this paper aims to enhance understanding of IPR protection challenges and the role of the USTR Special Report 301 in addressing them.
    Date: 2023–06–29
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dy9bn&r=sea
  4. By: ramadhan, al fadli
    Abstract: Perekonomian masyarakat merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam kehidupan suatu negara. Kemajuan perekonomian dapat memberikan dampak positif secara luas, seperti peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, pengurangan tingkat kemiskinan, dan peningkatan taraf hidup. Namun, tidak semua individu atau kelompok masyarakat memiliki akses yang sama terhadap sistem keuangan formal, seperti lembaga perbankan konvensional. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi mereka yang membutuhkan akses keuangan untuk memulai atau mengembangkan usaha mereka. Dalam konteks perekonomian masyarakat, isu kemiskinan dan ketimpangan ekonomi menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang sering muncul. Banyak negara termasuk Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan mengurangi kesenjangan antara kelompok masyarakat.
    Date: 2023–06–22
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zskhu&r=sea
  5. By: FAUZIAH, ENENG SAADAH; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
    Abstract: Community activities to share support and resources voluntarily which are carried out regularly because they are driven by compassion and care for others to overcome social and humanitarian problems and advance the public interest, can be done in many ways, including by waqf. Regarding waqf, it is enough to color the thinking of both classical and modern scholars in judging waqf. Because the mauquf 'alaih is now more inclined to feel that he owns and has the right for him to benefit, there are not a few who make this mauquf an object of profit-making in the form of money. The purpose of this study is to find out what is the law on managing waqf into a business by looking at how waqf practices are in Indonesia. This research is also a library research study using the legal internbath method.
    Date: 2023–06–21
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:s5ech&r=sea
  6. By: LIANG, Licheng; MATSUURA, Toshiyuki
    Abstract: Using factual affiliate-level data of Japan’s multinational firms from 2017 through 2019, this study investigates the impact of a trade shock (the 2018 US-Sino trade war in this case) on multinational firms’ overseas production activities. Focusing on Japanese affiliates in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, we find evidence of a potential production shift from China to the ASEAN member countries. According to our empirical results, in response to the trade war, those affiliates in the ASEAN with vertically integrated Chinese siblings belonging to the same multinational parent’s value chains may increase their export to North America and see a growth in total sales. Fast substitution of export and production occurs through the production network within Japanese multinationals when a part of which is negatively affected by the trade shock. In addition, this group of affiliates are also likely to increase both the share and value of local procurement. The study highlights the positive role of setting up a diversified production network for multinationals.
    Keywords: trade shock, multinational enterprise (MNE), affiliates
    JEL: F13 F14 F23
    Date: 2023–07
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hituec:745&r=sea
  7. By: , Rojalina; Putra, Yosep Eka
    Abstract: The purpose of this research, namely to determine the level of bank liquidity ratios seen from the Cash Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Loan to Deposit Rasio at PT. Bank Nagari for the period 2016-2020. Qualilative data analysis method, namely, by analyzing systematically related to Liquidity Ratio Analysis at PT. Bank Nagari Cabang Utama Padang. The results showed the level of liquidity ratio at PT. Bank Nagari as seen for the Cash Ratio is in a healthy condition, and the Quick Ratio is in an unhealthy condition for Bank Indonesia, and the Loan to Deposit Ratio is in a healthy condition because it is in position 82
    Date: 2023–06–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6n4vb&r=sea
  8. By: Leef H. Dierks (Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany)
    Abstract: Motivated by the 2022 uptick in headline inflation and the marked shift towards more restrictive monetary policies globally, this paper examines the sacrifice ratio, i.e., the percentage cost of actual production lost to every one percentage point decrease in (trend) inflation, for selected Southeast Asian economies. Results indicate that upon adopting a contractive monetary policy, GDP growth dropped by up to 0.5%, confirming that monetary authorities’ disinflationary policies typically trigger declines in both output and employment. However, as even minor adjustments to the way of determining the sacrifice ratio lead to varying results, caution ought to be applied when deriving potential (monetary) policy recommendations.
    Keywords: Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, Inflation, Sacrifice Ratio, (Trend) Output
    JEL: E31 E52 E58 E65 E71
    Date: 2023–07
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sea:wpaper:wp50&r=sea
  9. By: Jeffrey J. Schott (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Megan Hogan (Peterson Institute for International Economics)
    Abstract: South Korea participates in several regional trade and investment arrangements, including the bilateral Korea-China Free Trade Agreement, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP); it has also joined the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) and is considering following China's example and applying for membership in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). All these initiatives are complementary and open to a broad range of countries and separate customs territories. The US-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) would largely reinforce Korea's benefits from other economic integration pacts, but in key respects it could build barricades instead of bridges to nonmember countries. The authors examine the progress in building IPEF, how the four IPEF pillars would advance and/or constrain Korean policy, and what the impact could be on Korea's economic relations with major trading nations in the region, including China, which shares membership with Korea in important pacts like RCEP. The key challenge for Korea in IPEF will be to balance its relationships with China while deepening its economic and security ties with the United States.
    Date: 2023–07
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb23-11&r=sea
  10. By: International Monetary Fund
    Abstract: Outlook and risks. The Indonesian economy performed strongly in 2022, driven by a recovery in domestic demand and solid export performance. Growth is projected to moderate slightly in 2023 amid tighter domestic policy settings and the normalization of commodity prices, while inflationary pressures are expected to subside, with inflation falling within BI’s headline inflation target band in the second half of 2023. Risks are balanced, but a highly uncertain global economic environment continues to cloud the outlook. Continued high inflation and growth slowdown in major economies, lower commodity prices, and heightened volatility in global financial markets constitute key near-term risks.
    Date: 2023–06–25
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/221&r=sea
  11. By: Septiani, Dyah Putri
    Abstract: This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies used by Tahu Bulat traders in Pekalongan City and identify the success factors that contribute to their success. Round Tofu is a popular food and is in great demand by the people of Indonesia, so considering an effective marketing strategy is the key to increasing the competitiveness and profitability of traders. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with Tahu Bulat traders in Pekalongan City. The data obtained were analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify the main themes related to marketing strategy and success factors. The results showed that Tahu Bulat traders in Pekalongan City implemented several effective marketing strategies, including using social media to promote products, collaborating with other traders to increase market reach, and maintaining consistent product quality. In addition, some of the significant success factors include strategic location, good management, good product quality, and good relationship with customers. This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of successful marketing strategies and success factors in the business of Tahu Bulat traders in Pekalongan City. These findings can be a reference for other Tahu Bulat traders to improve their marketing performance and achieve greater success. In addition, this research can also be the basis for further research on marketing strategies in the food and beverage industry in Indonesia.
    Date: 2023–06–09
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3apj9&r=sea
  12. By: Fithrotuzzuhroh, Wulida; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
    Abstract: This study aims to find out how muamalah jurisprudence views buying and selling with an auction system, whether it is a form of usury or including buying and selling which is prohibited because buying and selling of goods that are offered by other people. This research method uses the fiqh legal istinbath method, namely by citing the arguments and then taking the legal istinbath and is a library research by collecting various supporting sources of books and journals, using descriptive techniques in writing. The results of this study indicate that the practice of buying and selling in the auction model in the muamalah figh review is permissible (mubah). If the sale and purchase of the auction model is harmonious, the conditions and prohibitions are in accordance with Islamic law and do not lead to dirty things, Buying and selling with an auction system is not a form of usury or buying and selling which is prohibited because buying and selling of goods that are offered by other people.
    Date: 2023–06–21
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7aekx&r=sea
  13. By: Diana Pop (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Caroline Marie-Jeanne (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Régis Dumoulin (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement)
    Abstract: In this paper, we investigate whether investors are willing to pay a higher price to invest in social projects, a differential that we call socialium. Using a nearest neighbor matching procedure on various samples of social and conventional bonds issued between September 2015 and 2020, by public or transnational organisations, we find that, on average, there is no yield and spread differential neither on the primary nor on the secondary market. The result holds even after taking into account the impact on market liquidity or shocks linked to political and economic uncertainty, likely to address silent issues of social risks. The empirical results on the size of socialium, which are not statistically significant, provide us with a rare opportunity to bridge two streams of reasoning stemming from the financial and sociological approaches. We explain why the issuers and investors still bear an interest for the social bonds through the lens of new institutionalism. This theory explains how the social influences, institutional and mimetic pressures and the acquisition of legitimacy in the eyes of society and stakeholders influence the issuance and the acceptance of social bonds.
    Keywords: social bonds socialium market liquidity legitimacy. Classification JEL: G12 I00 P43 Z13, social bonds, socialium, market liquidity, legitimacy. Classification JEL: G12, I00, P43, Z13
    Date: 2023–06–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04120305&r=sea
  14. By: Lee, Zeewan; Fong, Joelle H.
    Abstract: Immigrants in a destination country both alter the prospects of economic development and influence the livelihood of natives. Using data from 10 Asian countries in the 2018-2020 World Value Survey (WVS), we provide new evidence regarding the impact of skill-driven labor market competition on natives’ attitudes toward immigrants. Linking information on occupation-specific human capital accumulation from O*NET to WVS, we explore granular dimensions of natives’ skills and their implications for labor market competition and vulnerability. To account for the possibility of reverse causality (selection in natives’ occupational choices resulting from natives’ inherent preferences toward immigrants), we run the two-stage instrumental variable estimator adopting the control function approach. Holding educational levels constant, we find that natives with greater manual skills and fewer communication skills are more likely to be pro-immigration. We also find that the links between manual skills and attitudes are driven primarily by the level of flexibility in natives’ skills, while the negative impacts of communication skills are driven by natives’ writing abilities. Our results offer important insights for policymakers in Asia to establish nuanced immigration policies and skill-development programs that account for their impacts on intergroup labor market competition and social cohesion.
    Keywords: attitudes, immigration, labor market competition, skills, human capital accumulation, control function approach
    JEL: F66 F68 J61 J68
    Date: 2023
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:273317&r=sea
  15. By: Dadan, Asep; Kurniawan, Rachmad Risqy
    Abstract: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih mendalam mengenai jual beli online yang didasari atau diperbolehkan di dalam islam. Pada dasarnya jual beli online ini, tidak ada sejak zaman Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam karena pada zaman nabi jual beli dilakukan secara langsung dengan terpenuhinya rukun jual beli. Sebagaimana yang kita telah ketahui bahwa pada zaman sekarang khususnya di era generasi z ini, ada banyak sekali muncul jual beli yang memang tidak ada pada zaman nabi seperti, online shop di tiktok shop, shopee, Lazada, akulaku, marketplace, Bukalapak, dan lain-lain. Jual beli online merupakan jual beli yang bentuk transaksinya secara tidak langsung (online). Hasil dalam penelitian ini Islam mengajarkan dan melakukan jual beli online yang sah tanpa didasari dengan riba, ketidakadilan, monopoli, dan penipuan. Nabi menyadari bahwa jual beli online ketika di dalamnya terdapat (antaradhin) suka sama suka dan melalui online tidak dibolehkan jual beli yang tidak dijelaskan menurut syariah.
    Date: 2023–06–21
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wkd4g&r=sea
  16. By: , Le Thai Son; Lương, Bùi Vũ; Giao, Ha Nam Khanh; Anh, Huynh Diep Tram; Ngan, Nguyen Thi Kim; Dong, Doan Quang
    Abstract: Hiện nay, trong xu thế quốc tế toàn cầu hóa, ngành kinh tế du lịch đóng vai trò đặc biệt quan trọng cho thu nhập nền kinh tế quốc dân. Du lịch đã trở thành một nhu cầu không thể thiếu của con người trong đời sống công nghiệp hiện đại. Phát triển du lịch là điều kiện tốt để thực hiện xuất khẩu sản phẩm du lịch tại chỗ, tăng thu nguồn ngoại tệ về cho đất nước, tạo ra nhiều việc làm mới cho người lao động nhằm giải quyết nạn thất nghiệp có xu hướng gia tăng, khai thác các nguồn lao động dư thừa, thúc đẩy cho các ngành kinh tế khác phát triển. Cùng với sự nghiệp đổi mới của đất nước gần 40 năm qua và thực hiện Chiến lược phát triển du lịch, ngành du lịch đã có nhiều tiến bộ và đạt được những thành tựu đáng ghi nhận. Những kết quả đạt được thông qua các chỉ tiêu về lượng khách, tăng thu nhập, đạt tỷ trọng GDP ngày một tăng, tạo thêm việc làm mới cho người dân, khẳng định được vai trò của ngành Du lịch trong nền kinh tế quốc dân trong những năm qua. Kinh doanh dịch vụ du lịch – lữ hành là một trong những ngành nghề kinh doanh chính trong kinh doanh du lịch. Để kinh doanh dịch vụ du lịch – lữ hành có hiệu quả, đòi hỏi các nhà kinh doanh dịch vụ du lịch – lữ hành phải có kiến thức, chuyên môn về du lịch nói chung và dịch vụ du lịch – lữ hành nói riêng. Nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn du lịch hiện là một môn học được giảng dạy trong hầu hết các trường có liên quan đến ngành du lịch, giới thiệu những kiến thức cơ bản vể nghiệp vụ, kỹ năng hành nghề như quy trình tổ chức hướng dẫn khách du lịch theo hình thức tổ chức chuyến di, phương pháp hướng dẫn tuyến, hướng dẫn điểm, phương pháp hướng dẫn tham quan theo chuyên đề, phương pháp trả lời câu hỏi, đối thoại với khách, phương pháp xử lý các tình huống, phong cách hướng dẫn, động tác, cử chỉ, ngôn ngữ, nghệ thuật diễn đạt... và một sổ kỹ năng cần thiết khác của hướng dẫn viên. Đồng thời, giáo trình cũng giới thiệu thêm một số kiến thức phục vụ cho nghề hướng dẫn du lịch để sinh viên tham khảo. Trong bối cảnh đó, Giáo trình Nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn du lịch được biên soạn nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu học tập, trước hết của sinh viên Du Lịch tại Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam, cũng như các Trường Đại học trong Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và trên toàn quốc, cũng như đáp ứng nhu cầu tham khảo của độc giả, giới doanh nhân nói chung, và của những người đang làm việc trong ngành du lịch nói riêng. Giáo trình bao gồm 10 chương, cuối mỗi chương có câu hỏi ôn tập và thảo luận, đồng thời có các điển cứu, để người đọc thực hành và áp dụng các kiến thức đã học. Chương 1. Một số khái niệm cơ bản về du lịch-hướng dẫn du lịch Chương 2. Xu hướng phát triển nghề hướng dẫn du lịch Chương 3. Những nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động hướng dẫn du lịch trong thời đại mới Chương 4. Mong đợi và sự hài lòng của du khách với nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn du lịch Chương 5. Hướng dẫn viên trong thời đại mới Chương 6. Tổ chức hoạt động hướng dẫn du lịch theo đối tượng tham quan Chương 7. Tổ chức hoạt động hướng dẫn du lịch theo điểm đến du lịch đặc thù Chương 8. Tổ chức hoạt động hướng dẫn du lịch quốc tế Chương 9. Xử lý tình huống trong hoạt động hướng dẫn du lịch Chương 10. Những kỹ năng nghiệp vụ bổ trợ Giáo trình Nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn du lịchlà sản phẩm từ quá trình làm việc nghiêm túc của nhóm tác giả, kết hợp với sự kế thừa, tiếp thu, tham khảo nhiều tài liệu khác nhau, trong nước, ngoài nước, cùng với kinh nghiệm giảng dạy nhiều năm, nhiều chương trình khác nhau ở nhiều trường, cũng như tham khảo kinh nghiệm thực tế của nhiều doanh nhân thành đạt. Chúng tôi xin trân trọng cảm ơn những tác giả đi trước, đặc biệt là các tác giả có tên trong danh mục tài liệu tham khảo cuối mỗi chương. Bên cạnh đó, chúng tôi xin gởi lời cảm ơn chân thành đến Hội đồng Khoa học và Đào tạo Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam, đã tạo điều kiện, hỗ trợ chúng tôi hoàn thành giáo trình. Chúng tôi xin cảm ơn gia đình, bạn bè, sinh viên, doanh nghiệp đã nhiệt tình ủng hộ chúng tôi thực hiện giáo trình. Vì nguồn lực và thời gian có hạn, giáo trình không thể tránh khỏi những khiếm khuyết nhất định. Chúng tôi luôn quan tâm lắng nghe, và biết ơn những đóng góp từ toàn thể người đọc gần xa.
    Date: 2023–06–09
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:av8h7&r=sea
  17. By: Mathias Bühler (LMU Munich); Andreas Madestam (Stockholm University)
    Abstract: What is the political legacy of state repression? Using local variation in state repression during the Khmer Rouge genocide in Cambodia, we investigate the effects of repression on political beliefs and behavior. We find that past state repression decreases votes for an authoritarian incumbent while enhancing electoral competition and support for democratic values four decades later. At the same time, individuals become more cautious in their interactions with the local community: they exhibit less trust, participate less in community organizations, and engage less with local government. Our theoretical model suggests that these opposing forces arise because experiencing repression bolsters preferences for pluralism while also heightening the perceived cost of dissent. Consequently, citizens are more likely to support the opposition in elections (voice) but engage less in civil society (exit) to avoid publicly revealing their political views. Exploring channels of persistence, we demonstrate that repression cultivates a lasting fear of violence as a societal threat, and that genocide memorials and remembrance ceremonies maintain the collective memory of the atrocities.
    Keywords: state repression; political beliefs and behavior; collective memory; state-society relations;
    JEL: D7 N4 O1
    Date: 2023–07–04
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rco:dpaper:408&r=sea
  18. By: International Monetary Fund
    Abstract: Selected Issues
    Date: 2023–06–25
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/222&r=sea
  19. By: Hidayat, Muhammad (STIE Nobel Indonesia)
    Abstract: SINOPSIS Untuk memulai sebuah bisnis seseorang memerlukan analisis untuk mengetahui apakah bisnis yang akan dijalankan merupakan bisnis yang layak atau tidak kelayakan tersebut dilihat dari berbagai perspektif baik secara internal maupun secara eksternal. Analisis atas kelayakan bisnis digunakan untuk memastikan besarnya investasi yang akan ditanamkan dan bagaimana tingkat pengembalian investasi tersebut analisis kelayakan usaha juga digunakan untuk mengetahui resiko-resiko yang mungkin timbul dari investasi yang akan ditanamkan sehingga memerlukan perencanaan yang matang yang meliputi besarnya permintaan atas produk kondisi persaingan, kemampuan daya beli konsumen disisi lain analisis kelayakan tersebut juga dilakukan untuk memperkirakan sumber daya manusia yang akan digunakan bentuk organisasi serta manajemen pengelolaan yang semuanya ditujukan agar bisnis yang dijalankan menjadi bisnis yang menguntungkan. Dalam buku ini kita dapat mempelajari bagaimana mempersiapkan usaha melalui tahapan-tahapan yang sistematis mulai dari penyiapan diri dengan cara membangun mindset kewirausahaan agar kita dapat lebih memahami bisnis yang akan dijalankan sehingga kita dapat membangun bisnis yang sukses, kita juga dapat mempelajari aspek aspek kelayakan bisnis mulai dari aspek hukum, aspek pasar dan pemasaran, aspek sosial dan ekonomi, aspek manajamen dan organisasi, aspek teknis dan aspek keuangan. Dalam buku ini juga dilengkapi contoh perhitungan untuk mengetahui kelayakan sebuah usaha serta contoh perhitungan kelayakan usaha dengan menggunakan bantuan Microsoft exel. Buku ini juga dilapiri dengan contoh Studi Kelayakan Bisnis yang dapat dijadikan sebagai refernsi bagi kita dalam menyususn studi kelayakan bisnis.
    Date: 2021–08–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9w5fc&r=sea

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