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on South East Asia |
| By: | Ramadhanu, Achmad Zulfikar |
| Abstract: | Strategi dakwah dalam Islam diperlukan sebagai salah satu cara untuk menyebarkan agama Islam. Penyebaran dakwah Islam dengan strategi yang bagus dan sesuai dengan perencanaannya maka akan mudah untuk diterima oleh masyarakat. Dalam penyampaian pesan dakwah secara lisan atau langsung, da’i akan berhadapan dengan kelompok masyarakat yang mempunyai keberagaman, baik dalam sikap maupun sifatnya. Mewujudkan suasana harmoni pada masyarakat Indonesia yang teramat beragam perlu melakukan pendekatan dakwah yang kreatif dan inovatif yang merupakan tantangan tersendiri bagi para da’i yang dituntut untuk mencermati dan memahami realitas masyarakat Indonesia yang beragam tersebut. Dalam tulisan ini penulis membahas tentang strategi dakwah di tengah keberagaman masyarakat Indonesia. Seperti yang diketahui bahwa masyarakat Indonesia berasal dari suku dan budaya yang berbeda-beda, begitu pula dalam sikapnya menyikapi pesan yang disampaikan oleh Da’i. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini, yakni dakwah di tengah keberagaman masyarakat Indonesia perlu menggunakan pendekatan kajian keislaman dan pendekatan sosial. |
| Date: | 2023–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:y9nwf&r=sea |
| By: | Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); Maxensius Tri Sambodo (Indonesian Institute of Sciences); Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Fathia Retno Puspita K. Wicaksono (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | The energy transition is an important process to tackle the climate crisis due to the rapid increase of carbon emissions. This study aims to measure to what extent the transition of energy- related CO2 emissions from several dimensions, namely the country’s energy mix, energy self-sufficiency, energy security, sustainability, and affordability. This study contributes to the conduct of quadrant analysis of transition matrix for ASEAN plus three countries to map the dynamics of the transition in those countries. This study makes a comparison, not only in Indonesia, but also between ASEAN plus three countries (Japan, China, and South Korea). We find that economic activity has the greatest influence on the increase in CO2 emissions and that the efficiency and diversity categories may run asymmetrically. Based on the discussion with experts, Indonesia has a huge potential of renewable energy, yet the utilization is considerably low. It is also indicated that transition risks are associated with financing problems, fossil subsidies, geography, huma n capacity, excess fossil energy capacity, and financial resilience of state enterprises. |
| Keywords: | Energy Transition, ASEAN, renewable energy, transition matrix |
| JEL: | Q4 Q2 O1 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp082022&r=sea |
| By: | Masagus M. Ridhwan (Bank Indonesia); Rizki Nauli Siregar (University of Mainz); Jahen F. Rezki (University of Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Countries currently face two big trends, especially in the manufacturing sector: premature deindustrialization and the prevalence of superstar firms. In this paper, we document and characterize firm heterogeneity in a developing economy context, using Indonesia from 2005 to 2015 as context. We show the importance of large firms in shaping aggregate outcomes in the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, we confirm that productivity growth increases domestic market shares and profit by increasing the power to exert mark-up and reducing labor shares. We also show the importance of international trade engagement by superstar firms. We show new insights on superstar firms that do not necessarily have higher mark-up rates than others. The policy implication from this study is efforts to boost superstar firms in Indonesia will be paramount, especially policies to increase firms’ size and promoting exports. |
| Keywords: | Manufacture, Superstar Firms, Firm Heterogeneity, Indonesia |
| JEL: | L11 O11 O33 O43 D42 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp102022&r=sea |
| By: | Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); Benny Tjahjono (Coventry University); Fathia Nisa (Bank Indonesia); Dian Rahmawati (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has been suggested as a possible way to reduce excessive carbon emissions and conquering environmental major issues in Indonesia. Despite the advantages of being eco-friendly and providing environmental benefits, there are several barriers and reasons for why the adoption of EVs is still considerably limited in Indonesia. The transition process from existing ICE vehicle to EVs is often not easy to understand, as it involves complex technical, social, and economic facets. Yet, a further investigation on how EV transitions in Indonesia needs to be done. A multidimensional and multi-actor analysis of the EV landscape can help us better understand the dynamics of transition to EVs. In this paper, a multilevel perspective (MLP) framework is used to examine the current state of EV adoption in Indonesia and to interpret the prospects of a possible transition path to EVs. The study shows that a potential transition to EVs in Indonesia presents many socio-technical challenges to overcome including current policies, institutions, technological infrastructure, and social limitations. The insights from this review can be used for settings where policies and institutions are not developed enough to achieve a transition to EVs. |
| Keywords: | Electric Vehicle, Transition Path, Multi-Level Perspective, Indonesia |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp072022&r=sea |
| By: | Jardine A. Husman (Bank Indonesia); Ali Sakti (Bank Indonesia); Dahnila Dahlan (Bank Indonesia); Imam Wahyudi Indrawan (Bank Indonesia); Zaäfri A. Husodo (University of Indonesia); Nur Dhani Hendranastiti (University of Indonesia); Muhammad Budi Prasetyo (University of Indonesia); Wahyu Jatmiko (University of Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose — Central to the long-standing issue of Islamic finance is the lack of an established reference rate. This study proposes an alternative to the Islamic benchmark rate by linking it with the performance of underlying businesses. Design/methodology/approach — First, we derive the very definition of how a particular rate can be considered Islamic employing a thorough literature review. Second, this study then calculates the Cash Recovery Rate (CRR) and the Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) for each country listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Third, we then analyse the statistical descriptive, correlation in terms of its value and graphical plot at both the univariate and multivariate levels. Findings — Our thorough literature review suggests that the classic CRR and the ROIC are theoretically consistent with the principles of pricing in Islamic finance. This is also empirically confirmed by employing the Indonesian data, where we observe a high correlation between CRR (ROIC) and short-term (long-term) economic macroeconomic indicators. Originality — To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the possibility of CRR and ROIC as Islamic benchmark pricing. Research limitations/implications — The spatial focus of this study is Indonesia. While the robustness check has incorporated the case of the US. Other countries may have different structures and institutions of the financial markets. Practical implications — The classic measures of firm performance CRR and ROIC prove useful to be alternatives to Islamic benchmarking both theoretically and empirically. |
| Keywords: | Asset Pricing, Cash Recovery Rate, Islamic Benchmark Rate, Real Business Return, Return on Invested Capital |
| JEL: | F11 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp042022&r=sea |
| By: | Masagus M. Ridhwan (Bank Indonesia); Jahen F. Rezki (University of Indonesia); Arief Ramayandi (Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department); Aryo Sasongko (Bank Indonesia); Dinda T. Andariesta (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the potential scarring effect of the pandemic on productivity and the labor market in Indonesia by combining both macro and micro analysis. Using the macro data of the Indonesian economy, we attempt to estimate the potential scarring effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to the previous two crises, notably the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) in 1997 and Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008. Our findings indicate that after 40 quarters, permanent supply shocks would increase price and unemployment, whereas output per worker, investment, and output decrease. For the micro analysis, we employ a machine learning approach to empirically test the impact of the pandemic on the labor market, and the result suggests that all crises have negatively correlated with earnings and working hours (except GFC). However, we did not find significant evidence of a historical hysteresis due to the pandemic in Indonesia, and the long-run output fluctuations are mostly driven by supply shocks. We also observe that there are heterogenous impacts of this crisis based on different groups. These findings have important information for policymakers to reduce the potentially long-lasting effects of the pandemic in the future. |
| Keywords: | Scarring, Labor Market, COVID-19, Indonesia, Output |
| JEL: | E32 E62 N10 O47 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp092022&r=sea |
| By: | Roy, Devesh; Kamar, Abul; Pradhan, Mamata; Saroj, Sunil; Ajmani, Manmeet |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we address the question of the agricultural market integration of Cambodia, Lao, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Philippines (CLMVP) countries within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and its other top trading partners. Using “Trade Potential†and “Competition Indices†indicators in this paper we assess the nature and extent of the agricultural market integration. We identify the exports of CLMVP countries with high export potential and comparatively low competition in export markets. Higher trade potential with lower competition (value or volume) indicates an opportunity of higher returns for agricultural producers. CLMVP countries are characterized by low diversity in agricultural exports. Nearly half of the total agricultural exports from all of them except Laos is contributed by only one commodity. It is found that market integration is an effective way of linking CLMVP smallholders to ASEAN agricultural markets. In addition to that this paper also discusses on tariff and non-tariff policy of CLMVP countries and found that the average tariffs on agri-food imports in CLMVP is 11.8% while it is 9.5% in non-CLMVP among the ASEAN countries. In non-tariff policy, among the CLMVP countries, Philippines shares the maximum number of SPS measures implemented on agricultural goods while Cambodia and Lao PDR did not report any SPS measures implemented by them between 2006 to 2020. Finally, to demonstrate the upward movement in the value chain, possibly due to quality upgradation, we present the dynamics of the unit values of CLMVP’s agricultural exports. |
| Keywords: | CAMBODIA; LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC; INDOCHINA; MYANMAR; BURMA; VIET NAM; PHILIPPINES; SOUTH EAST ASIA; ASIA; trade; trade associations; agriculture; markets; exports; competition; returns; commodities; tariffs; policies; imports; value chains; agricultural markets; market integration; trade potential; unit value; competition indices |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2188&r=sea |
| By: | , Sindrayanti ewana |
| Abstract: | Disabilitas merupakan kata yang asing lagi kita dengar. Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan Undang-undang tentang Orang Disabilitas, dalam Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 2016 Penyandang Disabilitas merupakan setiap orang-Orang yang mengalami keterbatasan baik secara fisik maupun mental. Dalam jangka panjang sehingga mengakibtkan kesulitan dalam Berinteraksi dan berpartisipasi penuh terhadap lingkungannya. Negara juga mengatur bahkan telah menyediakanTempat atau rute khusus untuk mereka. Dan karean itu gereja perlu hadir dalam menyikapi keberadaan penyandang disabilitas. Berdasarkan UU no. 12 tahun 2006 tentang kewarganegaraan republik indonesia, maka jika ada kasus kelainan pada bayi yang lahir dengan cacat default, maka tidak ada alasan untuk tidak menerima mereka sebagai bagian dari masyarakat negara indonesia. Memiliki keistimewaannya masing- Masing. Oleh karena itu, Gereja sebagai tempat utama untuk merangkul Orang-orang seperti itu, untuk bertumbuh bersama dan mengurangi stigma Negatif masyarakat terhadap mereka, bahwa mereka juga sebenarnya istimewa. Walau dengan keterbatasan mental, para penyandang disabilitas tetap dapat melaksanakan aktivitasnya. Meskipun dengan bantuan orang lain. Dalam hal Inilah gereja harus menunjukkan kasihnya sebagai wujud murid Kristus yang sesungguhnya. Gereja harus menunjukkan eksistensinya bahwa gereja adalah imperior. Dalam setiap kehidupan, yang merujuk pada peraturan perundang undangan tentang penyandang disabilitas, seharusnya seorang penyandang disabilitas seperti cacat harus menerima pemenuhan hak hak itu berdasarkan prinsip menghormati, martabat, otonomi individu, tanpa driskriminasi, dan partisipasi penuh, kesamaan peluang, pemerataan aksesbilitas, kapasias dan identitas yang berkembang dan perlakuan khusus dan perlindungan lebih. Seperti Tuhan Yesus datang kedalam dunia untuk megajar dan memberitakan injil kerajaan Allah dan melenyapkan semua penyakit bangs. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Yesus berlakuan prinsip kedilan dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusi, Yesus memenuhi kebutuhan rohani dan fisik untuk semua oran yang mengikuti dan membutuhkan Dia. |
| Date: | 2023–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:w8j37&r=sea |
| By: | Palangga, Bersyeba Merita |
| Abstract: | When Indonesia became independent, the founders of the nation included the phrase Bhineka Tunggal Ika as the motto of the Indonesian nation which can be seen on the national symbol Garuda Pancasila. This motto is used to describe the unity and integrity of the nation of the Republic of Indonesia which consists of various cultures, regional languages, races, ethnicities, nations, religions and beliefs. One of the most obvious differences in Indonesia is the difference in religion. However, even though the differences are very visible, the Indonesian Government and people always strive to create at harmonious life in every difference. But it cannot be denied, sometimes there are people who cause conflict/dispute, thus triggering a lack of harmony between people. Therefore the authors hope that the study can represent the Logos Spermatikos in harmony, especially across religions in Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2023–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:xv9n3&r=sea |
| By: | Parinding, Febrianto Randan |
| Abstract: | Unnalli Melo salah konsep yapng berasal dari masyarakat Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Konsep ini mengedepankan prinsip harmoni antara manusia, alam, dan masyarakat. Konsep ini menjadi salah satu contoh konsep moderasi beragama yang memiliki peran penting dalam membangun toleransi, kebersamaan, dan perdamaian antar umat beragama di Indonesia.Dalam konteks Indonesia, Unnalli Melo dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi upaya membangun harmoni antar umat beragama. Konsep ini dapat diterapkan dalam pendidikan agama, dialog antar agama, dan kegiatan sosial keagamaan. Konsep ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai landasan bagi para pemimpin agama dan masyarakat untuk mempromosikan perdamaian dan toleransi antar umat beragama.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui bservasi, wawancara. Kata kunci : UnnalliMelo, Moderasi Beragam |
| Date: | 2023–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mnxqe&r=sea |
| By: | Kang, Sung Jin (Department of Economics, Korea University); Park, Donghyun (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The central objective of our paper is to assess the opportunities and challenges for trade for Asian economies during the low-carbon transition. To do so, we examine the green trade patterns of Asian Development Bank member economies in the Asia and Pacific region between 1990 and 2019 based on three widely used green industry classifications, namely US BLS GGS, OECD ENV-TECH, and OECD CLEG classifications. Our analysis yields three key findings. First, the share of green goods in the exports of Asian economies has consistently increased since the early 2010s. Second, the share of Asian economies in global green exports has grown rapidly in recent years. Third, manufacturing products, especially machinery and electric equipment, account for the largest share of green trade. In fact, since the early 2010s, the shares of Asian economies in world manufacturing green exports and imports have increased. However, the green imports share showed faster growth than the exports share. Finally, the pattern of green trade differs depending on green industry definition, pointing to a need for international consensus on defining green trade in order to measure and analyze green trade patterns more accurately. |
| Keywords: | low-carbon transition; green; trade; environment; Asia |
| JEL: | F18 |
| Date: | 2023–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0686&r=sea |
| By: | Wahyoe Soedarmono (Sampoerna University); Iman Gunadi (Bank Indonesia); Sudiro Pambudi (Bank Indonesia); Ade Dwi Aryani (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate whether discretionary and non-discretionary provisions affect bank loan growth in Indonesia. Our empirical results show that only discretionary provisions negatively affect bank loan growth. Our closer investigations document that the procyclicality of discretionary provisions is more pronounced for small banks. For large banks, higher discretionary provisions increase loan growth. Moreover, these findings are consistent regardless of bank loan types based on utilization (i.e., working capital loans, investment loans and consumption loans) or borrower size (i.e., small and medium enterprise /SME loans, and non-SME loans). Eventually, we advocate that the implementation of a dynamic provisioning system using the expected-loan loss model (E-LLM) is more essential in large banks to mitigate procyclicality, because the E-LLM tends to increase discretionary provisions and discretionary provisions are countercyclical for large banks. |
| Keywords: | expected-loan loss model (E-LLM), loan growth, loan loss provision, procyclicality |
| JEL: | G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp022022&r=sea |
| By: | Danny Hermawan Adiwibowo (Bank Indonesia); Aryo Sasongko (Bank Indonesia); Denny Lie (University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically investigates the impact of transaction cost-induced varia- tions in the velocity of money on infation dynamics in Indonesia, based on a struc- tural New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) with an explicit money velocity term. This money velocity effect arises from the role of money, both in physical and digital forms, in reducing the aggregate transaction cost and facilitating purchases of goods and services. We fnd a signifcant aggregate impact: our preferred estimates suggest that a 10% reduction in money velocity, which may be facilitated by a new digital currency (e.g. CBDC) issuance, would reduce the infation rate by 1%, all else equal. Using the estimates and within a small-scale, structural New Keynesian model, we investigate the likely implications of a CBDC issuance on aggregate nominal and real fuctua- tions. A CBDC issuance that (conservatively) lowers the velocity of money by 5% is predicted to permanently raise the GDP level by 0.8% and lower the infation rate by 0.8%. Both nominal and real interest rates are also permanently lower. Shocks to the velocity of money are an important driver of aggregate fuctuations. |
| Keywords: | inflation dynamics, transaction cost, velocity of money, digital money, digital currency, digital payments, central bank digital currency (CBDC). |
| JEL: | E31 E32 E42 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp132022&r=sea |
| By: | Solikin M. Juhro (Bank Indonesia); Denny Lie (University of Sydney); Atet Rizki Wijoseno (University of North Carolina); Mohammad Aly Fikry (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks to answer the following policy-relevant questions: (i) does the complementarity between monetary and macroprudential policies depend on the monetary and fiscal policy stances, and (ii) what is the likely aggregate effect of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) issuance on the existing central bank policy mix (CBPM) framework. We analyze these questions within a medium-scale Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model for Indonesia with a non-trivial fiscal policy and a parsimonious CBDC effect. On the first question, we find that monetaryfiscal policy stances do matter for whether a macroprudential policy rule stabilizes business cycle fluctuations and is welfare-improving. It is still the case, however, a passive monetary, active fiscal regime (PMAF) is sub-optimal compared to the active monetary, passive fiscal (AMPF) regime counterpart. On the second question, we find that a CBDC issuance lowers the transaction costs and its effects on aggregate economic variables are similar to the effects of a permanent technological progress. |
| Keywords: | integrated policy framework, central bank policy mix, DSGE model for Indonesia, monetary-fiscal policy coordination, macroprudential-fiscal policy coordination, central bank digital currency (CBDC) |
| JEL: | E12 E32 E58 E61 E63 F41 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp012022&r=sea |
| By: | Lome, Rosa Novita |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to develop Unnali' Melo's moral principles as a basis for peace for the Toraja people. The Toraja people, who live in the mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, have a rich cultural heritage and traditions, including a strong system of moral values. However, with the development of modernization and the influence of globalization, some traditional aspects of Toraja's moral principles have eroded. Unnali' Melo's moral principles related to peace and social harmony, as well as factors that influence the decline and shift of moral values in Toraja society. Furthermore, this paper will propose concrete steps that can be taken by the people of Toraja, the government, and related institutions to rebuild and strengthen Unnali' Melo's moral principles as the basis for sustainable peace. |
| Date: | 2023–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wyjrb&r=sea |
| By: | , Justianus |
| Abstract: | Kualitas layanan adalah suatu konsep yang mengacu pada sejauh mana layanan yang diberikan oleh suatu organisasi memenuhi atau melebihi harapan pelanggan. Kualitas layanan meliputi berbagai aspek seperti kemudahan dalam berinteraksi dengan pelanggan, kecepatan respon terhadap permintaan pelanggan, kemampuan memberikan solusi atas masalah pelanggan, keamanan dan kenyamanan dalam penggunaan layanan, serta kemampuan untuk memberikan pengalaman positif kepada pelanggan. Kualitas layanan yang baik dapat meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Di sisi lain, ditemukan ada variabel mempengaruhi kualitas layanan dan berdampak terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan . Maka, penulis melakukan review artikel berdasarkan artikel-artikel penelitian kuantitatif karya dosen ekonomi Indonesia untuk menemukan kepuasan pelanggan dengan kualitas layanan. Dalam review artikel ini, penulis menggabungkan analisis penulis dengan analisis hasil Artificial Intelligence (AI) yang bernama Chat GPT. Hal tersebut ditujukan untuk memaksimalkan hasil review artikel agar menghasilkan wawasan berkualitas bagi pembaca dan penelitian selanjutnya. Pada akhir artikel, ditemukan bahwa Kualitas layanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. |
| Date: | 2023–04–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:d4aef&r=sea |
| By: | Yuwono, Bintang; Yowargana, Ping; Kranzl, Lukas; Haas, Reinhard; Dewi, Retno Gumilang; Siagian, Ucok Welo Risma; Kraxner, Florian |
| Abstract: | Energy system optimisation models (ESOMs) are widely used for policy analyses particularly on topics related to climate change mitigation and renewable energy transition. Using ESOM to investigate regions that potentially require significant expansion of grid infrastructure requires incorporation of grid expansion problem within the optimisation. This study presents the development of SELARU, a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for spatially explicit long-term energy infrastructure planning. The model is used to investigate the case study of Indonesia using various spatial treatments to demonstrate the impact of detailed spatial depiction of grid expansion. Results reveal significant difference in renewable energy deployment trajectory (up to 315% increase in generation capacity) between high-resolution spatial depiction of grid expansion vis-à-vis non spatially explicit energy system optimisation. SELARU’s high-resolution energy system optimization modelling also provides detailed information on the geographical extent of grid expansion requirement, which provides more realistic insights on governance challenges of renewable energy transition. Careful consideration of spatial representation is crucial when ESOM is used to evaluate scenarios that concern technology selection such as renewable energy deployment or climate change mitigation. |
| Date: | 2023–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:aw4bd&r=sea |
| By: | MUSTAM, ASI FAUZIANA |
| Abstract: | Strategi dakwah merupakan salah satu unsur dakwah yang memiliki peran penting dan metode untuk keberhasilan dakwah.Strategi dakwah selalu mengalami perkembangan sesuai dengan perkembangan situasi dan zaman. Dalam berdakwah Ada lima strategi yang bisa diterapkan oleh seorang da'i dalam menyampaikan dakwah pesan dakwah. Dai harus menggunakan strategi yang sesuai dengan tujuan dakwah, sehingga dakwah dapat mencapai keberhasilan. Era milenial adalah era dimana teknologi berkembang begitu pesat, sehingga memudahkan manusia untuk mendapatkan informasi dari berbagai tempat di dunia. Era milenial ini bisa dikatakan sebagai masa keemasan periode generasi milenial. Generasi milenial di Indonesia sangat kecanduan internet, dengan cara ini, untuk memudahkan da'i dalam menyampaikan pesan dakwah harus mengikuti perkembangan teknologi yang ada. Penyampaian pesan dakwah melalui media sosial sangat mendukung bagi generasi milenial. Strategi dakwah yang sesuai dengan arus keadaan generasi milenial adalah Optimalkan Semua Potensi dalam Berdakwah, Lakukan Studi Banding dari Banyak Sumber, Hati-hati dengan kepentingankelompok atau golongan, Perlunya Kerja Tim (Teamwork), Hindari Kepentingan Sesaat dalam Berdakwah. Ini kelima metode tersebut dapat memudahkan para da’i menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah kepada umat generasi milenial, dan dakwah selanjutnya juga mudah diterima dan dipahami oleh generasi milenial |
| Date: | 2023–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zymwb&r=sea |
| By: | Wahyoe Soedarmono (Sampoerna University); Iman Gunadi (Bank Indonesia); Fiskara Indawan (Bank Indonesia); Carla Sheila Wulandari (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the determinants of foreign capital inflows and analyzes whether such inflows affect bond market and banking in the Indonesian context. We document that exchange rate depreciation and domestic interest rate benchmark tend to boost foreign capital inflows. Likewise, higher fiscal deficit reduces foreign capital inflows regardless capital inflows measurement. Moreover, higher foreign ownership in government bond is also driven by foreign capital inflows directly or through an increase in the current account. Regarding implications for banking, higher foreign capital inflows mitigate bank credit risk. Global factors such as the US interest rate benchmark and the volatility index indeed affect foreign capital inflows, although their impacts differ according to the measures of capital inflows. Eventually, in order to mitigate foreign capital reversals, this paper advocates the importance of policy mix such as fiscal deficit management, prudent monetary policy to maintain the interest rate differential between the US and domestic interest rate benchmark, as well as flexible exchange rate or inflation management. Nevertheless, identifying types of foreign capital outflows is also essential to understand what policy mix is necessary to deal with certain challenges. |
| Keywords: | capital flows, current account balance, financial stability, macroeconomies policies, bond market, banking |
| JEL: | F32 G0 F4 G1 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp032022&r=sea |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Nguyen, An Thinh; Ha, Truong Thu; Dang, Thao; Tien, Nguyen Dinh; Ha, Nguyen Thi Vinh; Thuy, Pham Thu; , Le Khanh Cuong; Do, Uyen; Nguyen, Hien |
| Abstract: | This study investigates Vietnamese citizens’ participation in plastic waste treatment and environment improvement. We developed and adopted a novel method (CVMM) that integrates the contingent valuation, mindsponge, and mindspongeconomics – a new type of economics to estimate and reasonate households’ financial contribution for improved plastic waste treatment in North Vietnam. CVMM analytics were used to explore 1103 observations surveyed during 2022-2023 in the North Vietnam. The empirical findings suggest that public-private partnership should be further expanded and/or strengthen to improve finance while stronger environment policy associated with environmental education should be taken to improve environmental literacy and build environmental culture, which ultimately help address plastic waste and environmental issues in the long run. |
| Date: | 2023–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:a5xmt&r=sea |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Marked exchange rate depreciation following the global terms of trade shocks at the start of 2022 year brought high inflation and deteriorating living standards and caused substantial increases in the domestic currency values of public debt and bank liabilities. Nonetheless, growth continued, and the prospect is for a return to steady growth in 2023. But public debt is assessed to be unsustainable, and servicing government debt presents substantial risks to this outlook. |
| Date: | 2023–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/171&r=sea |
| By: | Pérez Caldentey, Esteban; Kreiter, Zebulun; Abeles, Martín |
| Keywords: | MOVIMIENTOS DE CAPITAL, MEDICION, CONTROL DE CAPITAL, COVID-19, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS, CAPITAL MOVEMENTS, MEASUREMENT, CAPITAL CONTROLS, COVID-19, ECONOMIC ASPECTS |
| Date: | 2023–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48885&r=sea |
| By: | Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); Maxensius Tri Sambodo (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional); Retno Puspita K. Wicaksono (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Transition risks include market and reputational risks, if materialized, can result in loss of markets. This study pictures the dynamics of potential export market movement and transition as the consumer preference for green products grows globally. We find that the export market for Indonesia’s superior commodities increased due to past global growth and past increase in global demand for particular products, while still lacking in real product competitiveness. Under the scenario that illustrates the green agenda only arise mostly from developed countries and still limited from developing countries, it is estimated that the export market transition towards the new balance would find an equilibrium. Subsequently, this study exploratively discusses undergoing efforts in the exporting industry to make a green transition. We elaborate opportunities and challenges to circular economy adoption for the exporting industry. It is suggested for Indonesia' s trade diplomacy to not only maintaining market position in traditional markets, but also in seizing non-traditional markets, including markets that reject Indonesian products by improving the competitiveness of Indonesia's export products via circular economy adoption. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Markov Model, competitiveness, green taxonomy |
| JEL: | C5 O1 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp142022&r=sea |
| By: | Luong, Tuan |
| Abstract: | We explore the relationship between risk aversion, loss aversion, and procrastination and the resilience of trading networks in small scale rural farming in Vietnam. Rural farmers are highly dependent on intermediary traders to bring products to market. We survey farming households in three villages to obtain data on the trading network. We find that each village has a very distinctive trading network but none of them are resilient, with the typical farmer relying on one or two traders with whom they have traded for many years. In one village, with the most resilient network, we find evidence that risk aversion and loss aversion is associated with a household engaging with, respectively, more and less traders. In a separate village, the one with the fewest number of traders, we find a positive relationship between procrastination and the number of trading links. |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc23:334556&r=sea |
| By: | Matteo Funagalli |
| Abstract: | The 1 February 2021 military coup in Myanmar confronted the international community, including donors and aid workers, with a significant challenge: how to ensure that relief and life-saving support are delivered to those in greatest need at a time when international attention – and already limited resources – are likely to come under severe stress in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. From the early 2010s onwards, Myanmar had shed its status of international pariah (under western sanctions) to take on the ‘mantel’ of the ‘donors’ darling.’ This reflected an important rapid change from isolation to engagement in the way that many western (and some non-western) actors approached relations with the country. From the late 2000s onwards, international assistance moved from non-governmental organisations in the borderlands – also based in neighbouring countries – to the national government, and from humanitarian aid to development. In the aftermath of the coup the encounter between the international donor community and the people of Myanmar is likely to be re-defined by a triple shift in the aid paradigm putting earlier trends in reverse gear: from engagement to isolation, from development to humanitarian aid and from the state and government to non-state and informal institutions in the borderlands. With the military regime engaged in a de facto aid blockade, cross-border aid is likely to be the most realistic way to deliver humanitarian and emergency aid and relief to local communities, particularly in Myanmar’s border regions. The distribution and delivery of aid will be best served by close cooperation with local migrant-based community-building organisations and civil society groups, and cross-border charities and NGOs based in and around refugee camps, drawing on their networks and experience in delivering aid during previous rounds of refugeehood and displacement. |
| Keywords: | Myanmar/Burma, sanctions, junta, military coup, resistance, international community, cross-border aid, development assistance, humanitarian aid, aid paradigm. |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2022/08&r=sea |
| By: | Ferry Syarifuddin (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the preferences of various Islamic Financing Instruments to promote green economy ransformation adopting ANPBOCR (Benefit, Opportunity, Cost, Risk) approach, with two groups of experts as the respondents, namely academicians and practitioners. The first finding shows, that ‘Benefit’ aspect is the most preferred, urgency to conduct green economy transformation. Among criteria in the benefit aspect, natural resource damage prevention and reduction are the primary issues which is in line with maqasid al-Syari’ah (objectives of Islamic law). Using standard formula, the second finding shows that Islamic Asset Management is the most preferred Islamic financial instrument to perform green economy transition. Meanwhile, the third finding shows that in the short-term, Islamic Asset Management is more preferred financial instrument. Whereas, Islamic corporate and investment banking is the most preferred and crucial for long-term when transforming economy to green. |
| Keywords: | Green Economy Transformation, Islamic Green Financing, ANP, BOCR |
| JEL: | Q56 Q58 G20 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp052022&r=sea |
| By: | daud, Nur amalia |
| Abstract: | Secara umum pengangguran diartikan keadaan yang menunjukan suatu sumber daya yang tidak di gunakan. suatu kondisi di mana orang yang masuk dalam angkatan kerja sedang mencari pekerjaan, tetapi tidak mendapatkan pekerjaan disebut dengan pengangguran (unemployment). Sedangkan Inflasi merupakan salah satu dari sekian masalah ekonomi yang cukup banyak mendapatkan perhatian dari para ekonom. Inflasi adalah gejala ekonomi yang menunjukkan naiknya suatu harga secara umum yang berkesinambungan. Inflasi merupakan permasalahan kronis di hampir setiap negara terutama di negara-negara berkembang. |
| Date: | 2023–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ys7zg&r=sea |
| By: | Jayanti, Dewi Sri |
| Abstract: | Salah satu produk pertanian yang memiliki potensi tinggi adalah buah melinjo (Gnetum gnenom Linn). Melinjo sebagai salah satu hasil pertanian unggulan di Provinsi Aceh dapat diolah menjadi beberapa produk olahan melinjo. Salah satu jenis olahan melinjo yang sering dijumpai adalah emping melinjo. Selain emping, melinjo dapat diolah menjadi beberapa produk lainnya yang bernilai jual tinggi seperti tepung, kue kering, keripik, teh, nugget dan emping rasa. Produk olahan tersebut dapat meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga masyarakat setempat atau pun kelompok masyarakat, hal ini ditinjau berdasarkan estimasi analisis kelayakan usaha didapatkan nilai R/C ratio >1, B/C ratio >0 dan jumlah produksi dan harga jual lebih besar dari BEP produksi dan harga jual, sehingga produk olahan yang akan dihasilkan dari kegiatan ini dapat dinyatakan layak diusahakan dan menguntungkan. Peluang bisnis aneka produk berbahan baku melinjo saat ini belum banyak dilirik. Diharapkan kelompok masyarakat dapat mengembangkan sebuah produk inovasi yang merupakan produk khas dan berbasis kearifan lokal dan memiliki nilai kompetitif di pasar domestik. Hal ini juga didasari dengan gerakan OVOP (One Village One Product) yang mulai diterapkan tahun 2007 berdasarkan Peraturan Kementerian Perindustrian Nomor 78/M-IND/9/2007. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan mengatasi permasalahan pada pemanfaatan biji melinjo menjadi bahan olahan yang memiliki masa simpan relatif lama dan belum bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Untuk Keberlanjutan dari pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pengetahuan teknologi pengolahan produk, pengemasan, pelabelan hingga pemasaran. Teknologi tepat guna yang ditawarkan berupa alat pengering panel surya, mesin penepung, vacuum sealer; produk olahan berbahan baku melinjo (tepung melinjo, kastengel keju melinjo, kue kering renyah melinjo, emping melinjo rasa, ting-ting melinjo, teh melinjo, nugget melinjo dan keripik daun melinjo); pengemasan dan pelabelan, serta penerapan internet marketing sebagai strategi pemasaran dan peningkatan nilai jual produk berupa website, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Online Advertisement, Social Media/Networking (Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, Instagram) dan Video Marketing (Youtube) |
| Date: | 2023–04–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:u5kmg&r=sea |
| By: | PASARIBU, NINA TRESIA |
| Abstract: | Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa memberikan tanggungjawab yang besar bagi pemerintah Desa, namun pemberian tanggungjawab yang besar tersebut tidak dibarengi dengan penyiapan sumber daya manusia yang baik, sehingga tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik dilingkungan pemerintahan Desa masih jauh dari harapan. Hal ini terlihat dari masih adanya aparat Desa yang kurang disiplin dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya dan di sisi lain, pemberian otonomi Desa melahirkan praktik korupsi baru di tingkat Desa. Tulisan ini mengulas penerapan good governance dalam tata kelola pemerintahan desa setelah berlakunya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empirik, yaitu penelitian yang bersifat sosiologis yang menjawab permasalahannya melalui studi lapangan. Pendekatan dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif sehingga peneliti akan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang penerapan prinsip good governance dalam tata kelola pemerintahan desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip good governance telah diterapkan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Desa, sedangkan faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan good governance dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Desa adalah partisipasi masyarakat, sumber daya manusia, dan disiplin aparat Desa. Adapun faktor pendukung penerapan good governance dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Desa adalah adanya kerjasama dan komunikasi. |
| Date: | 2022–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dvh4s&r=sea |
| By: | Pérez Caldentey, Esteban; Kreiter, Zebulun; Abeles, Martín |
| Keywords: | MOVIMIENTOS DE CAPITAL, MEDICION, CONTROL DE CAPITAL, COVID-19, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS, CAPITAL MOVEMENTS, MEASUREMENT, CAPITAL CONTROLS, COVID-19, ECONOMIC ASPECTS |
| Date: | 2023–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48862&r=sea |
| By: | , Sindrayanti ewana |
| Abstract: | LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH Golongan masyarakat marginal, pada umumnya terjebak dalam kemiskinan karena tiadanya modal dan akses-akses untuk menuju ke sumber pendanaan serta peluang usaha yang tidak memihak kepada mereka. Hasil yang diperoleh dari usaha mereka pun rata-rata minim, dimana hasil yang mereka peroleh hanya cukup untuk kehidupan mereka yang sederhana. Karena mereka masyarakat bawah tidak memiliki keterampilan, modal dan pendidikan maka banyak yang mengadu nasib menjadi pedagang kaki lima. Pedagang kaki lima adalah orang yang memiliki modal relatif rendah, berusaha dalam bidang produksi dan barang-barang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan tertentu dalam masyarakat, usaha tersebut dilakukan pada tempat-tempat yang dianggap strategis dalam lingkungan. Pedagang kaki lima dan pedagang keliling berfungsi mengemban minimal tiga peran penting, yaitu sebagai penyedia kebutuhan pokok masyarakat kurang mampu dengan harga yang terjangkau, penyerap tenaga kerja dan angkatan kerja, terutama tenaga kerja yang kurang atau tidak terdidik yang selama ini menghuni kota akibat urbanisasi yang tidak terkontrol. Pedagang kaki lima tidak terlepas dari kehidupan masyarakat. Dimana pedagang kaki lima merupakan korban dari PHK dan masyarakat yang terpuruk akibat belum pulihnya kondisi perekonomian pada masyarakat. |
| Date: | 2023–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:a8rw5&r=sea |
| By: | , Sindrayanti ewana |
| Abstract: | LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH Golongan masyarakat marginal, pada umumnya terjebak dalam kemiskinan karena tiadanya modal dan akses-akses untuk menuju ke sumber pendanaan serta peluang usaha yang tidak memihak kepada mereka. Hasil yang diperoleh dari usaha mereka pun rata-rata minim, dimana hasil yang mereka peroleh hanya cukup untuk kehidupan mereka yang sederhana. Karena mereka masyarakat bawah tidak memiliki keterampilan, modal dan pendidikan maka banyak yang mengadu nasib menjadi pedagang kaki lima. Pedagang kaki lima adalah orang yang memiliki modal relatif rendah, berusaha dalam bidang produksi dan barang-barang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan tertentu dalam masyarakat, usaha tersebut dilakukan pada tempat-tempat yang dianggap strategis dalam lingkungan. Pedagang kaki lima dan pedagang keliling berfungsi mengemban minimal tiga peran penting, yaitu sebagai penyedia kebutuhan pokok masyarakat kurang mampu dengan harga yang terjangkau, penyerap tenaga kerja dan angkatan kerja, terutama tenaga kerja yang kurang atau tidak terdidik yang selama ini menghuni kota akibat urbanisasi yang tidak terkontrol. Pedagang kaki lima tidak terlepas dari kehidupan masyarakat. Dimana pedagang kaki lima merupakan korban dari PHK dan masyarakat yang terpuruk akibat belum pulihnya kondisi perekonomian pada masyarakat. |
| Date: | 2023–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2b4nd&r=sea |
| By: | Aulia, Nahdatul |
| Abstract: | Setelah wabah pandemi menyerang berbagai belahan dunia dan diberlakukannya aturan-aturan yang membatasi ruang gerak manusia demi menekan angka lonjakan pandemi virus corona. Diberlakukannya aturan-aturan tersebut ternyata membawa dampak berupa banyaknya orang yang menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya dengan sosial media khususnya aplikasi Tik Tok sebagaimana survey yang telah dilakukan. Berdasarkan konten yang mendapatkan banyak viewers dan sering melewati FYP (for your page) pengguna Tik Tok didominasi oleh generasi millennial. Dewasa ini beberapa konten kreator merupakan dai-dai muda banyak memasuki pase pengguna Tik Tok sehingga memberikan warna baru pada aplikasi yang sempat diblokir Kominfo ini. Dibalik citra aplikasi ini yang cenderung dinilai sebagai aplikasi yang kurang bermanfaat dan konten yang dinilai berlebihan, para dai-dai muda yang mulai menggunakan Tik Tok sebagai tempat dakwah menjadi angin segar dalam memperbaiki citra tersebut, akan tetapi banyak diantara generasi millennial yang belum mengetahui strategi untuk memaksimalkan Tik Tok sebagai aplikasi untuk menyebarkan dakwah dan opini yang bersifat edukatif. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendongkrak kreativitas para da’i-da’i muda millennial untuk membuat konten dan mudah memasuki pase para pengguna dengan mengkaji jurnal terkait dan wawancara ahli. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. diharapkan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi pengetahuan baru untuk generasi millenial dalam pembuatan konten pada aplikasi Tik Tok agar dapat menyampaikan dakwah secara kreatif sesuai dengan tantangan zamannya |
| Date: | 2023–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:92pqn&r=sea |
| By: | Sen Zhang; Chun-Ping Chang (Shih Chien University); Donny Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Yoga Affandi (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | We find that climate vulnerability reduces green investment in both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation technologies. This finding holds up under a series of robustness tests and after taking into consideration the time lag effect, cross-sectional dependence, and endogenous problems. We further present that it is socioeconomic-related climate vulnerability that hinders green investment, whereas physical vulnerability does the opposite. Analyses of moderating channels show that the negative impact of climate vulnerability on green investment is more pronounced in countries with lower levels of adaptation readiness, economic development, and technical innovation. |
| Keywords: | climate vulnerability, green investment, green technologies, physical vulnerability |
| JEL: | Q54 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp122022&r=sea |