|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Nico Alexander (Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - The environment is one of the more interesting issues to discuss, especially if it relates to companies' accounting issues. This study was conducted to determine the effect of green accounting implementation on firm value. Methodology/Technique - Firm value is measured using Tobins-Q, and green accounting is measured by ratings based on PROPER. Multiple regression analysis was used, and 35 manufacturing companies were sampled in this study. Findings - The results of this study show that green accounting can increase firm value. Companies that apply green accounting have a higher firm value because information about environmental costs is additional information for stakeholders when making decisions. If the company does not incur environmental costs, it is considered bad for investment. Novelty - Green accounting is still new, so this study was conducted to provide an overview of green accounting and firm value. Companies implementing green accounting will increase their firm value and help preserve the environment. It is hoped that Indonesian accounting organizations will develop standards regarding green accounting. Type of Paper - Empirical." |
| Keywords: | Green Accounting; Firm Value; Green Investment; PROPER; Indonesia. |
| JEL: | F64 L50 M14 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr223&r=sea |
| By: | Shahrunnizan bin Moin (Faculty of Business & Management, 40450, Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Saridan bin Abu Bakar Author-2-Workplace-Name: Assoc. Prof, Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School (AAGBS), UiTM, 40450, Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Muhammad Faizal bin Samat Author-3-Workplace-Name: Dr, Faculty of Business & Management, 40450, Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - Small and Medium Enterprises (S.M.E.s), including Malaysia, have been recognized as a critical economic development engine globally. S.M.E.s' economic contribution includes their share of total establishments, employment, Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.), and total export. Methodology/Technique - S.M.E.s comprise 97.4 percent of business establishments, provide 59 percent of total employment, and are the major contributor to economic growth. Although S.M.E.s play a pivotal role in economic development due to their significant proportion, their business performance remains a topic of debate. The S.M.E.s' business performance has shown slow growth while recording low productivity compared to large firms. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive Business Excellent Model (B.E.M.) that is exclusively and mutually for the business performance of S.M.E.s by investigating each criterion of the Business Excellent Model. Finding - The B.E.M. was developed by reviewing the literature on the issue from local and global contexts. Previous studies have shown that S.M.E.s require a suitable B.E.M. to catalyze their business performance. The S.M.E.s need to have seven criteria which comprise (a) leadership, (b) strategy, (c) information, (d) customer, (e) workforce, (f) process, and (g) results that are exclusively and mutually for S.M.E.s' business performance. Novelty - Finally, the literature's conclusion helps evaluate the critical issues of slow-growing and unproductive S.M.E.s in Malaysia. Furthermore, understanding every criterion of the B.E.M. would also ascertain which measures should be included in the B.E.M. for S.M.E.s. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Small and Medium Enterprises; Business Performance; Excellent Business Model; Resource-Based View Theory; Productivity Gap. |
| JEL: | M10 M11 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr633&r=sea |
| By: | Sheren Lanardi (BINUS Business School Undergraduate, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Dony Saputra Author-2-Workplace-Name: BINUS Business School Undergraduate, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Vanessa Virginia Author-3-Workplace-Name: BINUS Business School Undergraduate, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Purpose - This study discusses the emergence of various local skincare companies that manufacture high-quality products at a fair price and have successfully attracted customer loyalty through their customer engagement. This paper aims to identify the effect of Product Quality and Price Fairness on Customer Loyalty and Customer Engagement as intervening variables in local skincare products. Methodology/Technique - This study used quantitative methods. The data collection technique is questionnaires distributed to 171 skincare users. All the data is processed with Path Analysis using double-multiple linear regression SPSS. Findings - The results are that Product Quality and Price Fairness have a significant effect on Customer Engagement and Customer Loyalty, Product Quality does not have a significant effect on Customer Loyalty, and Product Quality has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty through Customer Engagement. In contrast, Price Fairness does not significantly affect Customer Loyalty through Customer Engagement. Novelty - This research novelty is filling the gap of previous research by combining the direct effects of Product Quality and Price Fairness from several studies focusing on Customer Engagement as mediation to Customer Loyalty. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Customer Engagement; Customer Loyalty; Price Fairness; Product Quality; Skincare. |
| JEL: | F44 M20 M30 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr313&r=sea |
| By: | Jahen F. Rezki (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Syahda Sabrina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Nauli A. Desdiani (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Teuku Riefky (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Amalia Cesarina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Meila Husna (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Faradina Alifia Maizar (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | The higher consumption due to the fasting month of Ramadhan and ahead of Eid-al-Fitr celebration coupled with the soaring commodity prices during the inflationary pressures have contributed to high headline inflation in April, with the highest contribution coming from volatile and food ingredients components. In contrast, energy prices were still manageable as the GoI continued to implement the energy subsidy and compensation as well as social protection, thus, people’s purchasing power maintained and core inflation remained relatively low. On domestic conditions, Indonesia continued to record positive growth in Q1-2022, supported by persistent domestic consumption, recovery in investment, and higher exports due to soaring commodity prices. |
| Keywords: | gdp — economic — economic outlook — inflation — macroeconomics — interest rate |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:gomeet:202205&r=sea |
| By: | Jahen F. Rezki (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Syahda Sabrina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Nauli A. Desdiani (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Teuku Riefky (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Amalia Cesarina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Meila Husna (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Faradina Alifia Maizar (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | After the Delta outbreak, Indonesia is currently facing the Omicron wave. As of 7th February, daily new cases were reported at more than 27, 000 cases (7-day moving average) and many predicted it will peak at the end of February 2022. Despite rising cases, several economic indicators keep progressing, indicating recovery still remains. Similar to GDP that recorded an immense growth of 5.02% (y.o.y) in Q4-2021, yearly inflation rate also drew the same pattern with a notable pick-up of 2.18% (y.o.y) in January 2022 from 1.84% (y.o.y) in December 2022. However, the recent surge of Omicron cases is expected to slow, or even pause, the economic recovery. From the external side, inflationary pressure that continues to linger around several markets forces several central banks to raise the interest rate. As a result, contractions in domestic market are detected in the short-term, indicated by notable amount of outflow and weaker trend of Rupiah. Given these circumstances, BI should hold its policy rate at 3.50% this month while observing domestic condition and closely watching the fluctuations in the global market. |
| Keywords: | gdp — economic — economic outlook — inflation — macroeconomics — interest rate |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:gomeet:202202&r=sea |
| By: | Zhou, Renee (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | To test whether education can change risk preference, I exploit the Indonesian school construction programme and the Mexican education reform in compulsory schooling as two separate natural experiments. Applying the instrumental variable approach, I do not find a causal effect of education on risk preference. The results are consistent in the two different settings, so my findings are externally valid. The results suggest that a change in risk preference may not be the channel via which the impact of education on risk-taking in real life. This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of social preferences and the outcomes of education. |
| Keywords: | Risk preference ; risk aversion ; education JEL classifications: I25 ; D90 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:45&r=sea |
| By: | Aktar, Asikha; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Harun, Mukaramah |
| Abstract: | Reduced electricity demand through the implementation of an energy efficiency policy is a central pillar of the Malaysian government’s energy strategy. Energy efficiency first emerged as part of Malaysia’s energy policy agenda in 1979 but only came into force during the 2000s. Initially, it was seen from global fears about the shortage of fossil fuels, then as a way of combating climate change. This paper offers a comprehensive review of Malaysia’s energy policies with a focus on adopting policies to improve energy efficiency. Starting with Malaysia’s preliminary policy in response to the OPEC-driven global oil crisis in 1973, the paper discusses how policymakers are considering energy efficiency from Malaysia’s sustainable development perspective and what relevant government efforts have been made to improve it. The review evaluates the progress that has been made over the past 25 years to address energy efficiency in the economy and highlights the achievements and remaining difficulties. Findings show that the level of energy efficiency while having shown improvement during 1990-2015, was lower than expected. In terms of electricity intensity of GDP, Malaysia has a relatively large position among the ASEAN countries and the world’s largest electricity consumers. Researchers, scientists, and practitioners will benefit from the extensive review material of this study, which will help them better understand energy efficiency and the sustainability strategy implemented in Malaysia to date. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9cf3a&r=sea |
| By: | Nor Anis Shafai (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Noor Hafizha Muhamad Yusuf Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Noor Sharida Badri Shah Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Norhisam Bulot Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Despite much previous research on the issue, dividend policy remains an unsolved conundrum in corporate finance. By considering this, the goal of this research is to use the Generalized Method of Moments to examine dividend behaviour by identifying the key determinants of dividend policy in three different countries with different market microstructures: Singapore (developed market), Malaysia (developing market), and Saudi Arabia (emerging market). Methodology/Technique - The study uses data from each country's top 100 listed firms from 2007 until 2016. The results suggest that different determinants influence firms' dividend policies for the three countries. Findings - For Singapore as a developed market, profitability, and size are shown to be significantly and positively related to the dividend payout ratio, whereas leverage, business risk, and growth opportunities exert a significant negative effect. Meanwhile, for Malaysia (a developing market), only firm size is a significant and positive determinant. However, leverage and business risk are negatively and significantly associated with the dividend payout ratio. Conversely, for Saudi Arabia as an emerging market, firm size and leverage positively and negatively influence the dividend payout ratio. Novelty - Therefore, this study employed the generalized method of moments (GMM) to uncover novel discoveries. The findings should motivate analysts, policymakers, institutional investors, and investors to investigate the dividend policy conundrum, mainly for three different market segmentations. Type of Paper - Empirical." |
| Keywords: | Dividend behaviour, market microstructure, and Generalized Method of Moments. |
| JEL: | G32 M14 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr222&r=sea |
| By: | Tien Ha Duong, My; Nguyen, Quyen Le Hoang Thuy To; Nguyen, Phong Thanh |
| Abstract: | Ho Chi Minh City is among the top cities in Vietnam with a high proportion of rural to urban migration. This strongly contributes to the economic growth of the city but challenges the infrastructure, social security services, health care, clean water, education, traffic, safety, and social order which negatively impacts the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the life quality of rural to urban migrants in Ho Chi Minh City. A quantitative method was employed to confirm the measurement model and structural model. Probability sampling was applied for the field survey. The final data of 272 migrants have been analyzed, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Social capital, a special resource of the vulnerable like rural to urban migrants has been investigated. This contributes to the theory that both social capital and quality of life have been approached multi-dimensionally. Bonding, bridging, and linking dimensions have all been approached to construct the social capital measurement model. Five aspects of life quality including work, housing, environment, finance, and social cohesion have been measured to reflect the quality of life multi-dimensionally. The research results showed the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The positive impact of social capital on quality of life has empirically been confirmed. The findings implied the prompt strategies for mobilizing social capital effectively and efficiently, including the exploitation of bonding, bridging, and linking to improve the quality of life. |
| Keywords: | PLS-SEM, Quality of Life, Social Capital, Migrant, Vietnam |
| JEL: | I3 J17 O18 P25 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116777&r=sea |
| By: | Siti Fairuza Hassam (Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Mashitah Mohamed Esa Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor Branch, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Jamaludin Akbar Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Nur Diana Hassan Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - This study intends to identify the post-COVID-19 safe working practices that have been established and to investigate how the workplace's culture of safety practices has evolved due to the pandemic. Methodology/Technique - The study used a conceptual development framework that used two data sources: journal publications (secondary data) and field interviews (primary data). The secondary data analysis of the literature review revealed seven post-pandemic workplace practices that are being employed in this study. These practices include workplace hazard control factors and preparedness plan factors. Findings - Based on the interviews with the 22 companies (safety personnel and practitioners) in the various industries, it was discovered that only three aspects of post-pandemic workplace safety culture were totally actual practices and adopted by all the companies, namely: following guidance from the federal state and Ministry of Health (MOH), monitor hazard control and safe work, and introduce new methods of work. On the other hand, the remaining four elements are seen as not being as crucial to several major industrial sectors. Novelty - It is seen to have a positive significance if viewed comprehensively. Disclosing the results of a study can provide a benchmark for other companies to compare their own practices and performance against. Additionally, it is necessary to conduct more comprehensive research, particularly regarding the employees' perspectives and their involvement in implementing and improving workplace safety practices. The current study only considered the employer's viewpoint, as the safety personnel represents their interests. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Post-Pandemic COVID-19; Workplace Safety Culture; Hazard Control; Preparedness Plan; Standards of Procedures (SOP); Resilient Workplace; Sustainable Workplace |
| JEL: | J24 J28 J81 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr310&r=sea |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Ismail, Russayani; Said, Jamaliah; Dirie, Khadar Ahmed |
| Abstract: | To operate successfully in this credit card industry, various kinds of credit cards are offered to distinct user groups. This empirical study is conducted in Malaysia, and it examines the features of different types of credit card available. By using descriptive and one-way ANOVA test, this study analyses data of 234 credit cards which were collected from ringgitplus.com and imoney.my websites. The cards are categorised based on the usage purpose like airline tickets, insurance, dining, entertainment, fuel, lifestyle, groceries, shopping, utilities healthcare and general use. In total thirteen features are analysed for all of these cards. The findings show there is no significant difference in the purpose of cards based on the features of interest and profit rate, balance transfer annual charge, annual fees, annual fees for supplementary card, late payment, late payment maximum fees, cash withdrawal charges fees, minimum annual income, minimum age for primary cards, maximum age for primary cards, and minimum age for supplementary cards. However, only two features are statistically significant among the cards, these being cash back and interest rate on cash withdrawal. The findings will provide important insights for business managers, credit card users, and other policymakers regarding features and market segmentation in the credit card industry in Malaysia. |
| Date: | 2022–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:j84f5&r=sea |
| By: | Agustin Palupi (Trisakti School of Management, Jl. Kyai Tapa No.20, Tomang, Kec. Grogol petamburan, 11440, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - As the concept of sustainability develops in the industrial world, stakeholders are compelled to consider ESG performance when measuring company value. A company needs to increase its value and demonstrate its sustainability capabilities by publishing sustainability reports on ESG factors. This research aims to inquire whether ESG affects the firm's value. Methodology/Technique - The causality research is analyzed with Eviews using ASEAN panel data from 2019-2021 to measure the effect of ESG on firm value with a total of 738 firm years of data. Findings - Environmental performance is associated with high ecological costs in developing nations and is a burdensome additional expense that will deteriorate the company's financial condition. Disclosure of nonfinancial information jeopardizes the creation of company value, resulting from meeting the demands of stakeholders imposed on the company, thereby causing other agency conflicts. The relatively low level of investor confidence in the signal contributes to ESG performance that lowers the company's market value. Most investors respond negatively to these signals, assuming that the activities disclosed in ESG reporting are too costly and detrimental to their interests. They could be more enthralling in investing, decreasing market demand, and reducing the company's value. Novelty - This study explains the determinants of firm value from ESG scores and separate ESG scores in the ASEAN market. Type of Paper - Empirical." |
| Keywords: | ESG, Firm value, Environment score, Social score, Governance score, Sustainability |
| JEL: | F64 L50 Q25 G02 G39 M14 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr224&r=sea |
| By: | Liang Hong (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, and Malaysia Author-2-Name: Siti Rohaida Mohamad Zainal Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, and Malaysia Author-3-Name: Zhang Miaoling Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, and Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Purpose - The COVID-19 epidemic has significantly impacted organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among Malaysian industrial employees. This study investigates the influence of perceived organisational support (POS) on OCB using job insecurity and organisational trust as mediators. Methodology/Technique - Adopt the cross-sectional design with the aid of a questionnaire to collect data from 189 selected employees of manufacturing industries in Malaysia. The PLS-SEM technique is used in this study to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings - The results show that POS directly impacts OCB, and this relationship is also strongly mediated by job insecurity and organizational trust. The manufacturing industries are growing stable on a good workplace climate, including decreasing job insecurity and increasing organizational trust. Moreover, the prior study concentrated on good OCB behavioural results. However, there are also detrimental behavioural consequences that may be impacted by POS, such as unproductive behaviour; therefore, the current research focuses on new variables as mediators, such as job insecurity and organizational trust to fill the research gap. Novelty - Therefore, Organisational trust and job insecurity further mediate the relationship between POS and OCB. Thus, this paper finds an answer to human resource management (HRM) practices, explaining how POS influences organisational trust and job insecurity towards OCB. The study can help management better understand the importance of OCB in introducing and implementing POS through the improvement of organisational trust and job insecurity in the organisation. Implications and future research directions are discussed. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Perceived Organizational Support (POS); Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB): Job Insecurity (JI); Organizational Trust (OT); Manufacturing Industry; Malaysia |
| JEL: | D2 E24 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr309&r=sea |
| By: | Jahen F. Rezki (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Syahda Sabrina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Nauli A. Desdiani (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Teuku Riefky (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Amalia Cesarina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Meila Husna (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Faradina Alifia Maizar (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia's GDP rose by 7.07% (y.o.y) in the second quarter and after exactly one year, we are now officially out of economic recession that started in Q2-2020. Despite the better-than-expected growth of the economy, the pace of recovery will be limited due to the emergence of Delta variant that has a high transmission rate and causes mobility restrictions to be imposed since last July. Hence, economic indicators, such as Consumer’s Confidence Index (CCI), and Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) continued to plunge. From external conditions, the improvement of the U.S. economy resulted in investors moving their capital from emerging markets which caused Rupiah to depreciate against the USD. Therefore, amidst these uncertain circumstances, we see that BI needs to hold its policy rate at 3.50% while maintaining the exchange rate and financial stability. |
| Keywords: | gdp — economic — economic outlook — inflation — macroeconomics — interest rate |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:gomeet:202108&r=sea |
| By: | Jahen F. Rezki (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Syahda Sabrina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Nauli A. Desdiani (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Teuku Riefky (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Amalia Cesarina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Meila Husna (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Faradina Alifia Maizar (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | The continuation of supply chain disruption and energy shortage as the impact of Russia and Ukraine’s conflict in various parts of the world have put pressures on the global inflation and the economic recovery process. Domestically, it has started to have impact as the inflation rate is also expected to accelerate this month like its usual seasonal trend during Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr celebrations. However, the trade balance emerged as one of the windfalls from the prolonged increasing trend of commodity prices that could maintain Rupiah stability and economic growth from export channel, also contribute to the state’s revenue. Considering the current condition, we view BI should hold its policy rate at 3.50% this month. In addition, BI should maintain its pro-stability monetary stance and progrowth macroprudential policy during the current uncertain times. |
| Keywords: | gdp — economic — economic outlook — inflation — macroeconomics — interest rate |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:gomeet:202204&r=sea |
| By: | Nik Hadiyan Binti Nik Azman (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Zhang Chengzhuo Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Due to information asymmetry, banks cannot know all the information about a company during the financing process. Compared to large firms, start-ups face more difficulties in obtaining debt financing. In order to investigate how the game between start-ups and banks maximizes the benefits of debt financing, this study is based on the game process between start-ups and banks in complete and incomplete information markets. Methodology/Technique - The model assumes deterministic and relatively simple financial decisions, and game theory provides a way to gain insight into the mechanistic phenomenon of debt financing for start-ups by allowing for the inclusion of asymmetric information and strategic interactions in the analysis. Finding - The game process of debt financing for start-ups is studied from a game theoretical perspective to reveal the optimal decisions of both parties in the game process under the influence of information asymmetries, i.e., the basic laws governing the operation of debt financing for start-ups and the important criteria and procedures to ensure that debt financing works correctly. Novelty - The study shows that high-quality start-ups are more likely to receive bank loans than low-quality firms that are willing to pay high-interest rates. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Asymmetric Information theory; Game Theory; Debt Financing; Startup. |
| JEL: | C7 C72 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr631&r=sea |
| By: | Jahen F. Rezki (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Syahda Sabrina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Nauli A. Desdiani (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Teuku Riefky (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Amalia Cesarina (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Meila Husna (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)); Faradina Alifia Maizar (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | Domestic economic activity continues to improve, in line with improving public confidence as captured by rising inflation as well as the CCI and PMI. However, the rise in Covid-19 new cases in several countries due to the novel Omicron variant that appears to be spreading faster poses a very high global risk, which could triggering a new wave. The retightening of government-imposed social restriction and lockdown are becoming inevitable, and these jeopardize any recovery that global supply chains have made around the world. Global market risks have also risen in the last month as a result of earlier monetary policy tightening due to the trend of rising inflation. Government’s effort to prevent massive spike in Omicron cases is critical in order to maintain the economic recovery momentum. Meanwhile, BI needs to maintain Rupiah amid economic recovery by holding the benchmark interest rate at 3.50% this month. |
| Keywords: | gdp — economic — economic outlook — inflation — macroeconomics — interest rate |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:gomeet:202112&r=sea |
| By: | Mohd Fazil Jamaludin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Mohd Shafiz Saharan Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Khairul Azfar Adzahar Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Fatin Farazh Ya'acob Author-4-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor, Kampus Segamat, 85000, Segamat, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Mohd Faznor Akmar Faimi Author-5-Workplace-Name: Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam Campus, 40000, Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology/Technique - The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to understand the determinants of CVS-related health behaviors. The study enlisted the participation of 387 students from three Malaysian universities, and most respondents were Malay women under the age of 20. Findings - According to the findings, many students devote more time to digital devices for online classes and assignments, resulting in high CVS symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were neck pain, back pain, tired eyes, and headaches. These findings emphasize the critical need for preventative measures to reduce the risk of CVS worsening, especially given the increased use of digital devices in online education. Novelty - This study underscores the pressing need for implementing preventive measures to curtail vamong university students, particularly in the burgeoning use of digital devices in online education. Moreover, the investigation illuminates the salient CVS symptoms frequently reported by university students, thereby providing valuable insights for devising targeted interventions that can effectively alleviate the detrimental impact of CVS on their health. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Computer vision syndrome; computer usage; online learning; students; COVID-19. |
| JEL: | I00 I25 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr312&r=sea |
| By: | Jabkowski, Dawid Antoni |
| Abstract: | Głównym celem pracy było zidentyfikowanie zasobowych uwarunkowań konkurencyjności sektora rolnego w UE, Japonii, Kanadzie, Wietnamie i państwach Mercosur. Dokonano analizy zasobów czynników wytwórczych i relacji między nimi oraz struktury gospodarstw rolnych w wymienionych wyżej regionach. Przeprowadzone badania dowiodły, że analizowane państwa posiadają silny potencjał konkurencyjny. Największe zasoby pracy skupia rolnictwo wietnamskie, mimo 40% odpływu w ostatnich latach osób pracujących. W rolnictwie UE zaobserwowano duże nakłady środków trwałych brutto. Natomiast rolnictwo wietnamskie charakteryzuje się największą dynamiką nakładów kapitałowych. Kanada i państwa Mercosur charakteryzują się znaczącą ilością użytków rolnych i skoncentrowaną strukturą agrarną, przez co mogą korzystać z efektów skali produkcji, a to z kolei determinuje ich konkurencyjność na arenie światowej. Odwrotna sytuacja jest w Japonii i Wietnamie, gdzie ponad 90% gospodarstw rolnych zajmuje powierzchnię o wielkości do 5 ha. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2023–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:333730&r=sea |
| By: | Kazemian, Soheil; Djajadikerta, Hadrian Geri; Trireksani, Terri; Mohd-Sanusi, Zuraidah; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This study examines whether corporate governance enhances the financial and social business performance of three- to five-star hotels in Western Australia through the three dimensions of market orientation (i.e., customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-function coordination) as mediators. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from managers of hotels in the WA capital city of Perth and its surrounding areas using a questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. Findings: The overall result shows interesting findings of market orientation's mediating role. It is found that corporate governance may lead to better financial business performance through competitor orientation, but not through customer orientation and inter-function coordination. Complementary, corporate governance may lead to better social business performance through customer orientation and inter-function coordination, but not through competitor orientation. Originality: This paper offers contributions to both literature and practice on what dimensions of market orientation are important to enhance the performance of hotels when corporate governance is applied. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ekf8w&r=sea |
| By: | Sommarat Chantarat; Chayanee Chawanote; Lathaporn Ratanavararak; Chonnakan Rittinon; Boontida Sa-ngimnet; Narongrit Adultananusak |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to explore drivers and dynamics of Thai agricultural households’ vicious cycle of debt, currently impeding their development prospects. We use unique combination of nationwide representative survey of 720 households and longitudinal administrative and financial account data from the farmer registration, the Bank of Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) and the National Credit Bureau (NCB) to reflect households’ financial problems from the lens of monthly income and expenditure flows, their financial attitudes and use of financial services from all sources to smooth consumption and debt dynamics and repayment behavior. The paper also tries to renew our understanding since Siamwalla et al. (1990) on the economic problems in Thai rural financial market and attempts to identify adverse impacts of debt moratorium policies, which are among the country’s most extensive policies aiming to help Thai agricultural households. The unique granularity and coverage of our data allow us to provide better understanding of the dynamics of problems and the heterogenous patterns across households – necessary to shed some lights for the redesign of rural financial system and sustainable farmers’ debt policies. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural households; Financial behavior; Household debt; Household debt; Policies; Rural financial market; Thailand |
| JEL: | D82 G20 G28 O12 O16 Q12 Q14 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:204&r=sea |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Ibrahim, Yusnidah Bt; Sriyana, Jaka |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The credit card market is very large and segmented by targeting different types of consumers. One type of credit card is one that specifically targets people in the education sector, for instance students, teachers and other staff members. This study aims to compare the features of education and other credit cards in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: The study analyzes data concerning 234 credit cards by using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Findings: Out of 234 credit cards, this study found only two credit cards especially target education sector customers. The study evaluated thirteen features of these credit cards and found that only two features are statistically significantly different from other conventional credit cards in Malaysia. These features are interest rate and cash withdrawal charge fees. Originality/value: This is an original study based on compilation of data from secondary sources. The findings will provide valuable insights to financial regulatory policy-makers, academics, and business managers. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:h9b7c&r=sea |
| By: | Wahaj, Zujaja; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | Pandemics leave their mark quickly. This is true for all pandemics, including COVID-19. Its multifarious presence has wreaked havoc on people's physical, economic, and social life since late 2019. Despite the need for social science to save lives, it is also critical to ensure future generations are protected. COVID-19 appeared as the world grappled with the epidemic of climate change. This study suggests policymakers and practitioners address climate change and COVID-19 together. This article offers a narrative review of both pandemics' impacts. Scopus and Web of Science were sought databases. The findings are reported analytically using important works of contemporary social theorists. The analysis focuses on three interconnected themes: technology advancements have harmed vulnerable people; pandemics have macro- and micro-dimensions; and structural disparities. To conclude, we believe that collaborative effort is the key to combating COVID-19 and climate change, while understanding the lessons learnt from the industrialised world. Finally, policymakers can decrease the impact of global catastrophes by addressing many socioeconomic concerns concurrently. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8s26n&r=sea |
| By: | Pinitjitsamut, Montchai |
| Abstract: | This research study aims 1) to develop the computable general economic (CGE) model, 2) analyze the country-wide economic impact of the development of electronic transactions according to the 3 periods strategic operational plan of the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) by using the CGE model and develop the optimal policies to increasing the digital transation share in the economy of Thailand. Thailand's digital economy has been expanding rapidly over the recent decade. The development of the country's electronic transactions through the application of digital technology drives country-wide economy, reconnect the value chain and increase the economic value throughout the value chain for all business sectors. This makes the ease of doing business in Thailand since the digital transactions can cut across the sectors and increase operation efficiency. Moreover, the competitiveness of the economy will be raised by developing security and reliable standards for digital technology applications and their effectively linking systems. In this regard, the development of economic models is required to conduct a study and analyzing the impact of the country's electronic transaction development policy and implementation. This study use three main national databases on “the use of information and communiccation technology of households 2019 (ICTH 2019)”, “the use of information and communication technology of business enterprises 2019 (ICTE 2019)” and “the socio-economic survey data 2019 (SES 2019)”. These databases are used to establish the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 2019 and modified a set of equations in the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for entire system of Thai economy which the interactions among sectors are concerned. The scenarios for economic impacts foresight are developed according to the national electronic transaction development scheme (the 3 periods strategic operational plan) which are ETDA’s major resposibility to implement and drive towards goals. Besides, the brainstorming and in-depth interviews with relevant agencies and the development of policy implications are carried out by considering the finding impacts in the CGE model. In summary, the development of electronic transactions in Thailand may need to create new innovations, rebalance and continue to seek sustainable economic growth. Therefore, the public challenge goals and policies should focus on elevating electronic transactions in the first 5 years urgently by promoting the coverage at least 50% of the population or business, developing personnel potential and supporting the long-term continuous research. The policy implications are: 1) Promote electronic transactions 2) Develop the accessibility to electronic transactions for households, SMEs and Micro-enterprises 3) Invest in the digital infrastructure to support electronic transactions; and 4). Establish an operational center to support electronic transactions. |
| Keywords: | Computable General Equilibrium, Electronic transaction, Digital economy |
| JEL: | C68 O1 O14 O25 O47 O50 |
| Date: | 2023–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116867&r=sea |
| By: | Lutz Sommer (Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Jakobstr. 1-6, 72458, Albstadt, Germany Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are becoming more accessible and more manageable in terms of practical implementation, enabling them to be used in many new areas, including the selection of international managers based on their international experience. The choice of personnel in a global environment is a challenge that has been the subject of heated debate for decades, both in practice and theory. Wrong decisions are cost-intensive and possibly contribute to economic failure. The present study aimed to test machine learning algorithms - as sub-disciplines of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - on a low-coding basis. Methodology/Technique - A fictitious use case with a corresponding data set of 75 managers was generated for this purpose. Its applicability in relation to personnel selection for an international task was tested. In the next step, selected AI algorithms were used to test which of these algorithms led to high prediction accuracy. Finding - The results show that with minimal programming effort, the ML algorithm achieved an accuracy of over 80% when selecting suitable managers for international assignments - based on the international experience of this group of people. The linear discriminant analysis has proven particularly relevant, and both the training and validation data provided values above 80%. In summary, ML algorithms' usefulness and feasibility in personnel selection in an international environment could be confirmed. Novelty - It could be confirmed that for implementing the manager selection, freely available algorithms in Python achieve sufficiently good results with an accuracy of 80%. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence; International Experience; Manager; Machine Learning; Decision Making; Human Resources Management. |
| JEL: | M16 C89 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr632&r=sea |
| By: | Mas Ayu Mumin (Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Link Gadong, Brunei Author-2-Name: Nena Padilla-Valdez Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Link Gadong, Brunei Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Purpose - The main objective is to examine the experience using a hauntological approach during an online learning phase on fresh undergraduates during the pandemic and to determine undergraduates' Academic Identity Status (AIS) and awareness of Communities of practice (COP). Methodology - The respondents are 34 first-year undergraduate students at the university via mixed methods that comprised of classroom observations, online questionnaires, and online interviews. Findings - The results show that respondents were not ready to embrace heutagogy and virtual learning affected the respondents' academic identity status and their awareness of their Community of Practice (COP) Novelty - The paper addresses new findings in experiences of using a hauntological approach during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on academic identity status and COP awareness. The implication of this study suggests the need to develop a conceptual framework for a hauntological approach that could be accustomed to a large classroom and a virtual platform. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Pandemic; online learning; Academic Identity Status; Communities of Practice; Heutagogy. |
| JEL: | I23 I29 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr314&r=sea |
| By: | Ronak Paul (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Sean Reid; Carolina Coimbra Vieira (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Christopher Wolfe (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Yuan Zhao (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Yan Zhang; Rumi Chunara (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Keywords: | Cambodia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Morocco, Nepal, Panama, Senegal, USA, World |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2023-017&r=sea |
| By: | Ludovic Mbakop (Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Leonard Leung (Asian Development Bank, Manilla, The Philippines); Kamil Sertoglu (Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | This study measures the impact of traceability attributes on international buyers’ willingness to pay for coffee produced in Ethiopia and the impact of accurate information on the production location of the coffee on the pricing according to its type and grade. Two sets of regressions models were used to investigate the important determinant factors affecting the export prices of trader and producer coffee, one each for trader and producer coffee, to measure the impact of the ECX on the prices and to evaluate the effect of the coffee types and grades on the prices. The results show that after coffee was forced to be traded via the ECX, traceable coffee export prices increased more than the reported price of non-traceable coffee. We also found that after the introduction of the ECX, the reported export prices of coffee were much more closely aligned to the movements in the international prices of coffee than before the ECX. Furthermore, we also find evidence that exporters and overseas buyers do not trust the results of the inspection and grading of coffee by the ECX unless traceability is also present. This is the first study to evaluate foreign buyers’ willingness to pay for the attribute of traceability of Ethiopian coffee and to see how traceability has affected buyers’ trust in the grades given by the ECX for the coffee it graded. |
| Keywords: | Ethiopian commodity exchange; Ethiopian coffee; Coffee traceability; Commoditization. |
| JEL: | D40 E23 Q17 |
| Date: | 2023–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4601&r=sea |
| By: | Djihad, Tria; Harun, Mukaramah; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | National governments and their development partners have considered microcredit as a strategic tool for vulnerable populations. Easy access to finance increases the client's ability to invest and allows clients to use resources to change their behaviour, increase their business opportunities and create employment. This paper aims to review studies that focused on microcredit and employment issues affecting beneficiaries, including gender-based employment creation and the informal sector. Through a systematic search of electronic databases and keywords to identify relevant studies, 40 core articles are identified for the period 1998-2021. The results indicate the significant impacts of microcredit on women's employment creation and business revenue of microenterprises in the informal sector. Moreover, a few studies set out to integrate gender employment creation and the informal sector with reference to microcredit. A framework is proposed to address the relationship between employment structure and microcredit. Finally, this study recommends developing a financial social accounting matrix and run empirical analysis on macro modelling such as input-output or general equilibrium modelling. Doing so will help obtain better understanding of how microcredit participation is associated with employment creation in different sectors and different types of household groups. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ux4b6&r=sea |
| By: | Mehmet Nazif (Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | Border procedures around the globe can act as barriers hindering international trade. Another impact of these procedures relates to their economic resource costs. In this study, using a microeconomic framework of international trade, the potential economic gains are estimated for reductions in trade administration costs related to sea border trade in the Andean Community (CAN) as well as for the increase in import and export trades that are stimulated as a consequence of the reduction in trade administration costs. The potential cost reductions are estimated separately for import and export trade. The estimates are made with respect to the existing levels of trade flows. We measure the excess economic cost of the current trade administration procedures in CAN with respect to two benchmark levels of trade administration costs, namely those for Chile and Singapore. Our results suggest that improving the trade administration cost levels to match those of the reference countries will enable CAN countries to enjoy economic resource savings of between US$1.25 billion and US$1.5 billion annually, corresponding to 0.19% to 0.23% of their gross domestic product. Given the current trade environment of CAN nations, relevant policy and reform options are suggested. The key policy recommendation is to improve the electronic single window system for trade administration and in particular, the interconnectivity of information flows between the member countries of CAN. Maintaining the port infrastructure is also critical for the delivery of efficient services for the movement of goods. |
| Keywords: | international trade; trade facilitation; trade administration cost; trade transaction costs; economic gain; welfare gain; Andean Community; Latin America |
| JEL: | F14 F13 D60 |
| Date: | 2023–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4602&r=sea |
| By: | Theu Dinh (NEU - National Economics University [Hanoï, Vietnam], UMI SOURCEE - Université Paris-Saclay); Stéphane Goutte (UMI SOURCEE - Université Paris-Saclay, PSB - Paris School of Business - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); Duc Khuong Nguyen (Nantes Univ - IPAG - Institut de Préparation à l’Administration Générale - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS BLOOMINGTON USA - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture); Nikolas Topaloglou (AUEB - Athens University of Economics and Business) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the diversification contribution of four main precious metals (i.e., gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) to a traditional portfolio of stocks, bonds, cash, and currencies, as well as the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008 on that contribution. We use a stochastic spanning methodology (Arvanitis et al. 2019) to test whether the traditional portfolio spans the portfolio augmented with all four precious metals in the G7 countries over three periods: before, during, and after the global financial crisis of 2008. In this study, we perform both in-sample and out-of-sample analyses of stochastic spanning tests. Our empirical results confirm the diversification benefits of precious metals for traditional assets in both spot and futures returns. These findings hold over three sub-periods of the global financial crisis of 2008. Notably, we find that precious metal futures significantly outperform precious metal spots in the aftermath of the 2008 crisis. Investors should therefore favor precious metal futures in post-crisis periods to improve their investment diversification. |
| Keywords: | Precious metals, Stochastic spanning, Optimal portfolio, Diversification benefits, Second order stochastic dominance |
| Date: | 2023–04–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-04057273&r=sea |
| By: | Molintas, Dominique Trual |
| Abstract: | This instrument posits the GCC equation to outline the parameters of the Cordillera Corridor, Tea Trade Treaty. A tea corridor is the strategy for resource use of rugged mountain terrain in the Cordillera, Philippines; and the GCC equation substantiates the rudiments for cross-border competence. GCC would mean the “Gateway to Cross-border Competence” defined in a mathematical construct. The equation has specific relevance in the conjectures of tea cultivation, for the empowerment of Accession. GCC EQUATION = χYZ The strategy significantly underscores trade as a function of equity. With reason of, the research is a manifestation of the theory of change by illustration of the theory of competition. Inclusion and facilitation are the mechanisms of development, construed though farm support infrastructure, investing in health and wellness. Facilitation introduces the earmarking of Tea Tariffs for compulsory university schooling of the generation next. Trade escalates Government liquidity and institutionalizes stable farmer earnings. Given so, good life for these smallholder farmers is achievable. A special section captures the smallholder farmer opinion and sentiment in written and conversational exchange of ideas. Despite the uncalled hyperbole of a Cordillera Corridor intentions for manipulation, the section exposed the farmers' gung-ho to participate in tea cultivation for trade, that can only be curtailed by dearth of expertise and capital. |
| Keywords: | Cordillera, economic corridor, smallholder farmer, equity, tea, treaty accession |
| JEL: | B41 C02 C2 C26 J00 |
| Date: | 2023–03–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116893&r=sea |
| By: | Jere Lehtomaa (Center of Economic Research, ETH Zurich, Zurichbergstrasse 18, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland); Clément Renoir (Center of Economic Research, ETH Zurich, Zurichbergstrasse 18, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | We present a new framework for estimating the long-run economic impacts of natural disasters. Our approach combines a disaster impact model with a general equilibrium model of the economy. We apply the methodology to study the effects of tropical cyclones in the United States, the Caribbean islands, Japan, China, and the Philippines. Our results show that the post-disaster recovery after a single shock can take several decades, with notable cumulative negative effects for frequently affected regions. For instance, cyclone activity reduces long-run aggregate consumption between 0.3 - 22 %, depending on the region. To evaluate the robustness of our results, we extend the model with two additional scenarios. First, we consider endogenous economic productivity gains from specialization. Second, we add a scenario where climate change alters the intensity and frequency of future disasters. The extensions slightly modify the numerical results but do not change the qualitative conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Tropical Cyclones, Climate Change, Growth, General Equilibrium |
| JEL: | C63 O11 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:23-382&r=sea |