|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Azizah, Wafiq |
| Abstract: | Meningkatnya pilihan bisnis waralaba di Indonesia tentu juga didorong oleh tingginya minat warga Indonesia untuk menjalankan bisnis jenis ini. Ada beberapa pilihan bisnis yang dapat dipilih sesuai dengan budget yang dimiliki. |
| Date: | 2023–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6j9ex&r=sea |
| By: | Margareta, Maria |
| Abstract: | Kata "resesi" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) memiliki arti kelesuan dalam kegiatan dagang, industri, dsb (seolah-olah terhenti) atau menurunnya (mundurnya, berkurangnya) kegiatan dagang (industri). |
| Date: | 2023–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6qykr&r=sea |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Parvathi, Priyanka; Nguyen, Trung Thanh |
| Abstract: | Most studies of agricultural transformation document the impact of agricultural income growth on macroeconomic indicators of development. Much less is known about the micro-scale changes within the farming sector that signal a transformation precipitated by agricultural income growth. This study provides a comparative analysis of the patterns of micro-level changes that occur among small-holder farmers in Uganda and Malawi in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia (SEA). Our analysis provides several important insights on agricultural transformation in these two regions. First, agricultural income in all examined countries is vulnerable to changes in precipitation and temperature, an effect that is nonlinear and asymmetric. SSA countries are more vulnerable to these weather changes. Second, exogenous increases in agricultural income in previous years improve non-farm income and trigger a change in labor allocation within the rural sector in SEA. However, this is opposite in SSA where the increase in agricultural income reduces non-farm income, indicating a substitution effect between farm and non-farm sectors. These findings reveal clear agricultural transformation driven by agricultural income in SEA, but no similar evidence in SSA. |
| Keywords: | UGANDA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; MALAWI; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; THAILAND; VIET NAM; VIETNAM; SOUTH EAST ASIA; ASIA; agricultural transformation; comparative analysis; data; data analysis; development; farm income; farmers; income; macroeconomics; patterns; precipitation; smallholders; temperature; vulnerability; micro-level changes |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2165&r=sea |
| By: | Sarah Shair-Rosenfield (International Center for Public Policy) |
| Abstract: | Despite region-wide lessons learned from the SARS pandemic in 2003, country responses to the Covid-19 pandemic in East and Southeast Asia have been very diverse. Outcomes have also varied widely, with some of the worldÕs lowest per capita case and death rates in Taiwan and Vietnam and extremely high per capita case and death rates in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia. A common feature of many of these countries is their decentralized governance systems, most of which lack clear channels for coordination among different levels of government. I consider how government structure and political centralization shaped emergency response to the Covid-19 pandemic in East and Southeast Asia. While the quantitative analysis shows that weak coordination may actually exacerbate problems in executing decentralization when responding to the pandemic, a paired comparison of Indonesia and the Philippines suggests the drawbacks of a decentralized but uncoordinated system. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper2304&r=sea |
| By: | Suryono, Athallah Anya |
| Abstract: | Berbisnis waralaba merupakan salah satu bisnis yang menguntungkan dan mudah, namun kita harus pandai dalam memilih waralaba yang dapat menghasilkan keuntungan bukan malah kerugian |
| Date: | 2023–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:w8qd3&r=sea |
| By: | Kuncoro, Ibnu Rubianto Santriawan |
| Abstract: | Ancaman resesi global 2023 sudah ada di depan mata. Kondisi ini diperjelas dengan berbagai risiko yang mulai muncul di permukaan. Laju inflasi tinggi, fenomena strong dollar, krisis pangan hingga perang yang jauh dari kata 'damai' menjadi alasan kuat semua pemangku kepentingan di dunia menyalakan alarm bahaya. Sekalipun pernah mengalami resesi dan mampu melewatinya, kita harus tetap waspada agar resesi ini tidak berkepanjangan. Karena resesi dapat menjadi malapetaka bagi 260 juta lebih rakyat Indonesia yang menggantungkan harapannya pada langkah nyata pemerintah. |
| Date: | 2023–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r6y34&r=sea |
| By: | Maharani, Puan Ayu |
| Abstract: | Beredarnya kabar bahwa Indonesia akan menghadapi resesi di tahun 2023, banyak masyarakat menganggap hal tersebut sebuah ancaman. Namun, saya melihat ada peluang baik terutama untuk menjalankan bisnis saya yaitu menciptakan sebuah aplikasi berbelanja online yang menjual beragam kebutuhan pokok dengan harga yang lebih murah. Meskipun masyarakat mengubah gaya hidup hemat, namun kebutuhan pokok akan terus dibutuhkan untuk melanjutkan kehidupannya. Sehingga, pengembangan bisnis toserba saya yang berupa aplikasi Bahagia Mart akan terus bertahan di tengah resesi 2023. |
| Date: | 2023–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:925x7&r=sea |
| By: | Mill, Steph |
| Abstract: | Ho Chi Minh City: Economy The economy in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has experienced many changes, some of which have had significant relations with pollution in the Vietnamese metropolis. |
| Date: | 2023–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:82puq&r=sea |
| By: | Salsabilah, Sisca Aryananta |
| Abstract: | Potensi resesi 2023 akan berdampak pada startup crash banyak startup global tech stock yang sifatnya teknologi kemungkinan akan masih merugi hingga sekarang saham nya akan turun secara drastis, karena peredaran uang ke high risk asset jadi tidak menarik kembali kalau suku bunga dinaikin terus, semua jenis asset akan terkena dampaknya, orang-orang akan kehilangan pekerjaan. Oleh karena itu, startup tidak sedikit di Indonesia melakukan PHK, beberapa usaha bisnis terancam bangkrut, dan gagal untuk dibangun. Puncak dari sebuah resesi kalau semua orang mengatakan market crash adalah The Housing Crash dimana orang tidak bisa bayar KPR, harga rumah menurun secara drastis, dan bunga pinjaman mengalami peningkatan. Intinya kita sebagai warga Indonesia dan warga dunia secara kolektif tidak make smart financial decision, karena kita sendiri yang akan terkena akibatnya. Namun untuk saat ini Indonesia masih menjadi salah satu negara tangguh dibanding negara lain. |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:a84jz&r=sea |
| By: | Gunawan, Caroline |
| Abstract: | Franchise adalah salah satu cara utnuk mengurangi resiko kegagalan dalam membuka usaha baru. Termasuk di Indonesia, banyak sekali pengusaha yang menggunakan peluang ini untuk membuka usaha. Ada banyak pilihan franchise yang bisa dipikih sesuai dengan industri dan harga yang diinginkan |
| Date: | 2023–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rt9me&r=sea |
| By: | Shin, Yoon Sung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The new winds of the fourth Industrial Revolution are blowing through the ASEAN economies. ASEAN’s economic development is largely attributed to an abundant low wage labor force, as many of the organization’s partner states have depended entirely on foreign investments to obtain capital and technology necessary for economic growth. Many experts point out that most of Southeast Asian countries will need a lot of time and investment to embrace the innovative technologies of the fourth Industrial Revolution. There are also those who worry that some of ASEAN member states will lose competitiveness in the global economy unless they mor fully take advantage of their low-wage labor force. In the ASEAN Regional Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Vietnam in the fall of 2018, the ASEAN leaders, ministers and businessmen discussed the possibility of the fourth Industrial Revolution. They concluded that a new pan-Asian offshoot, the ‘ASEAN Economic Community’ should actively respond to the fourth Industrial Revolution in becoming a more unitary ‘One Asia’. But why should ASEAN countries actively prepare for the technological transformation given their poor information and telecommunication environments? In answering the above question, this paper will explain the fourth Industrial Revolution policies being carried out by ASEAN countries. It will present the new ways to enlarge and strengthen the industrial cooperation between Korea and ASEAN states in regards to upcoming technological changes. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN; technological transformation; ASEAN economic development |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F63 O53 |
| Date: | 2023–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2019_017&r=sea |
| By: | Kim, Dongsoo (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Sakong, Mok (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Shin, Yoon Sung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Han, Jung Min (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to determine the business conditions of Korean companies in Vietnam. For this, a business survey was conducted from September to October 2021 by the Korean Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade (KIET) and the Korean Chamber of Commerce (KORCHAM) in Vietnam. The scale of Korean direct investment in Vietnam, as well as Korea-Vietnam trade, has increased rapidly since diplomatic relations between the new countries were established in 1992. Thus, it is necessary to gather basic statistics on Korean enterprises in Vietnam in the mid- to long-term. This survey on the business environment and actual conditions of Korean enterprises shall be regularly conducted to establish basic facts and future changes in the business environment. The behavior of Korean companies shall also be studied. KIET organized a survey on the business environment and actual conditions of Korean enterprises in Vietnam; the Hanoi office of KORCHAM oversaw the implementation of the survey as co-organizer. KIET planned and conducted the survey together with KORCHAM in Vietnam. |
| Keywords: | supply chains; business conditions; business environment; Vietnam; Korea; FDI |
| JEL: | L10 M16 M21 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2022_004&r=sea |
| By: | Baihaqi, Achmad Prabu Riza |
| Abstract: | Menurut Faujik (2020), resesi adalah penurunan signifikan dalam aktivitas ekonomi yang tersebar di seluruh ekonomi, berlangsung lebih dari beberapa bulan, biasanya terlihat dalam PDB riil, pendapatan riil, lapangan kerja, produksi industri, dan penjualan grosir-eceran. Pengertian yang lebih sederhana dan lazim digunakan, disajikan oleh Julius Shiskin pada tahun 1974, yang menyatakan resesi adalah penurunan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) yang terjadi selama dua kuartal berturut – turut, Resesi ekonomi adalah penurunan aktivitas ekonomi secara signifikan dalam waktu lama yang ditandai oleh kondisi stagnanmulai dari berbulan-bulan hinggatahunan. Resesi ekonomi bisa memicu menurunya keuntungan perusahaan, meningkatkan angka pengangguran, dan bahkan kebangkrutan ekonomi. Dalam teori makro-ekonomi, resesiekonomi adalah kondisi ketikaproduk domestik bruto (PDB) menurun atau pertumbuhan ekonomiriil bernilai negatif selama dua kuartalatau lebih dalam satu tahun. Resesi ekonomi dapat mengakibatkanpenurunan secara simultan padaseluruh aktivitas ekonomi sepertilapangan kerja, investasi, dankeuntungan perusahaan. Selainkarena meningkatnya harga-hargasecara tajam sehingga menyebabkan ekonomi menjadi stagnan atau dalam proses yang dikenal sebagai stagflasi, resesi ekonomi juga bisa terjadi karena turunnya harga-harga atau deflasi. Namun, kekhawatiran terjadinya resesi ekonomi kali ini lebih bersumber dari keadaan stagflasi yang dapat terjadi dalam beberapa waktu ke depan ( Surya, 2022 ). Indikator utama yakni PDB Riil Indonesia menunjukkan penurunan yang sangat drastisdimana dari quartal I 2020 menurun sebesar 2 % dari Quartal sebelumnya, hingga padapuncaknya PDB Indonesia merosot tajam hingga minus -5, 32%. Kemudian pada Quartal berikutnya meskipun mengalami kenaikan dari qurtal sebelumnya, namun hal terebtumasihbelum bisa mengentaskan PDB dari angka minus, Yakni -3, 49%. Berdasrkan data diatasmenunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Produk domestik Bruto, gejala resesi sudah muncul , sebagai indikator utama bahwa PDB turun secara dua kuartal berturut-turut dari kuartal I hinggakuartal III 2020. (Joseph et al., 2019). |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ygb2j&r=sea |
| By: | Syed Ahmed Salman (Lincoln University, Petaling Jaya, 47301, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Rusni Hassan Author-2-Workplace-Name: IIUM Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, Gombak, 53100, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Nur Atiqah Maulad Murat Author-3-Workplace-Name: IIUM Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, Gombak, 53100, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Adnan Yusoff Author-4-Workplace-Name: Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Since Islam, Waqf, known as the Islamic endowment, has played a significant role in reforming and developing the economy. Like zakat (compulsory charity) and sadaqah (optional charity), Waqf has also been considered an essential means of poverty alleviation and upliftment. In Malaysia, each state's jurisdiction, called the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRCs), supervises waqf properties' governance. However, recently, it has been reported that the SIRC responsible for managing waqf properties has been unable to manage and operate effectively. To devise a well-designed strategy that can strengthen governance within the waqf institutions. Moreover, restoring Waqf as a mechanism for socio-economic development may be necessary for waqf institutions to develop their formal governance framework. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a qualitative study of current Shariah governance practices in Waqf institutions at Majlis Agama Islam Melaka (MAIM). Methodology – The qualitative research method was used for this investigation. The interviewees are chosen using a selection process that is a hybrid of convenience sampling and purposeful sampling. Both content and descriptive analysis were utilized in analyzing the outcomes of the interviews. To obtain information on waqf governance in MAIM, an interview was conducted with various officers from the organization. A total of six experts in the field of Waqf from MAIM participated in this study and were interviewed for this research. Findings – The current practices of Shari'ah Governance in Waqf Institution in Majlis Agama Islam Melaka (MAIM) have been examined through interviews and brochures from interviewees. Several gaps were found in the organization's structure; Board of Directors, Shariah Committee, Shariah Audit, Shariah Review, and Shariah Risk Management. Based on findings extracted from the analysis, researchers provide several recommendations. Novelty – This study is unique because there was no study conducted on the current practices of Shari'ah Governance in Waqf Institution in Majlis Agama Islam Melaka (MAIM). The officers and board of directors will benefit significantly from this research in both an educational and a guiding capacity. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Waqf; Shari'ah governance; Majlis Agama Islam Melaka; and Malaysia |
| JEL: | A12 Z12 Z19 |
| Date: | 2022–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr206&r=sea |
| By: | Reza, Daffa Zunnias |
| Abstract: | Dalam dunia bisnis, tidak selamanya kita harus menjual produk kita sendiri. Kita dapat menjual produk atau bisnis yang telah dijual oleh pengusaha lain yang disebut dengan istilah “waralaba”. Waralaba merupakan sebuah bentuk kerjasama bisnis yang dilakukan oleh pemilik merk atau produk dengan pihak kedua yang berupa pemberian izin untuk menjual produk dari si pemilik usaha tersebut. Istilah waralaba diambil dari kata “wara” yang artinya lebih dan “laba” yang berarti keuntungan. Waralaba di Indonesia sendiri diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 42 tahun 2007. |
| Date: | 2023–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vzmx4&r=sea |
| By: | Salsabilah, Sisca Aryananta |
| Abstract: | Di Indonesia bentuk sistem usaha bisnis franchise berkembang dengan pesat, Franchise banyak dipergunakan dalam usaha fast food, hotel, jasa penyewaan mobil, coffee shop, dll. Franchise dalam negeri dijadikan sebagai salah satu bentuk investasi untuk menunjang karir pengusaha dalam jangka cepat, serta menawarkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam menentukan strategi bisnis yang optimal. Namun dalam berbisnis menggunakan sistem franchise ada beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan, yaitu jenis modal bisnis perusahaan yang digunakan oleh franchisee, riset sejarah finansial perusahaan dengan rekam jejak perusahaan apakah jelas dan rapi, dan memperhatikan tingkat persaingan dengan mempertimbangkan apakah produk dari perusahaan tersebut mempunyai produk yang relevan terhadap masyarakat. |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2fras&r=sea |
| By: | Kalleya, Calista |
| Abstract: | Resesi adalah perlambatan ekonomi di sebuah negara dengan Gross Domestic Product yang menjadi tolak ukurnya (Miraza, 2019). Dimana sebuah negara dikatakan memasuki zona resesi jika Gross Domestic Product mengalami pertumbuhan negatif sebanyak 2 kuartal secara berturut-turut. Gross Domestic Product sendiri merupakan akumulasi pendapatan total negara dari barang dan jasa yang diproduksi suatu negara pada suatu periode tertentu, yang memiliki peranan penting sebagai indikator pemberlakuan dasar harga. Secara global, banyak negara yang telah memasuki zona resesi pada saat pandemi berlangsung. Potensi resesi 2023 membawa dua arus kabar berupa tantangan dan peluang. Diperlukan persiapan agar tantangan yang datang mampu kita berantas dan celah peluang dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin. Persiapan dimulai dengan fokus menjalankan bisnis yang ada saat ini, untuk menggait konsumen lebih luas dan meraup keuntungan yang dapat dikonversikan dalam bentuk uang tunai sebagai dana darurat minimal 12x pengeluaran per bulan. Dari yang sebelumnya hanya 2 hingga 4 kali biaya pengeluaran, kita bisa meningkatkan sesuai kemampuan seperti 12 kali pengeluaran. Sekaligus sebagai bentuk partisipasi penjagaan likuiditas individu di tengah ketidakpastian ekonomi. |
| Date: | 2023–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bpqms&r=sea |
| By: | Arya Gaduh; Rema Hanna; Benjamin A. Olken |
| Abstract: | Concerns about fraud in welfare programs common arguments worldwide against such programs. We conducted a survey experiment with over 28, 000 welfare program administrators and over 19, 000 beneficiaries in Indonesia to elicit the ‘marginal disutility from corruption, ’ i.e., the trade-between more generous social assistance and losses due to corruption and fraud. Merely mentioning corruption reduced perceived program success, equivalent to distributing more than 20 percent less aid. However, respondents were not sensitive to the amount of corruption—respondents were willing to trade off $2 of additional losses for an additional $1 distributed to beneficiaries. Program administrators and beneficiaries had similar assessments. |
| JEL: | D73 I38 O15 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30905&r=sea |
| By: | Baihaqi, Achmad Prabu Riza |
| Abstract: | Waralaba atau franchise adalah sebuah konsep di mana entitas independen memulai kerjasama timbal balik antara pemilik waralaba (sebagai penyelenggara sistem) dan penerima waralaba dengan imbalan biaya yang sesuai, resep untuk kegiatan bisnis tertentu, dan bagaimana waralaba harus dioperasikan (Grzelak, 2013). Menurut Abdul Ghani et al., (2022) waralaba merupakan sistem penjualan barang, jasa dan teknologi yang beroperasi berdasarkan kontrak tertulis yang ditandatangani antara dua perusahaan yang terpisah secara hukum, finansial dan fiscal, serta independen. Pemilik waralaba dan masing-masing penerima waralaba terikat dalam suatu sistem dimana pemberi memberikan hak kepada penerima dan pada saat yang sama memaksakan kewajiban serta menjalankan bisnis sesuai dengan konsep dan model bisnis pemilik waralaba. |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3yfra&r=sea |
| By: | ramadhan, Zarkasih nur |
| Abstract: | Franchise atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia yaitu waralaba adalah hak antara pemilik merek suatu produk dan pengguna merek. dalam arti lain waralaba merupakan usaha kemitraan. Waralaba ialah hak kebebasan untuk memakai merek, produk, hingga sistem operasional dalam jangka saat eksklusif. Perjanjian Waralaba buat mengetahui hak serta kewajiban antara pemilik merek atau produk serta pengguna merek atau produk, maka perlu didesain perjanjian waralaba. Mengapa bisnis menggunakan contoh waralaba? karena banyak keuntungan yg didapat Bila memakai sistem waralaba. Misalkan lowercost (biaya rendah) yg dimana waralaba sangat hemat porto buat membuatkan bisnis, tapi dengan kondisi bisnis orisinil milik pewaralaba berhasil serta franchisor bersedia menginvestasi waktu serta uang yg relatif buat membangun peluang waralaba yg unik. Selain itu Simpler Management (manajemen yg sederhana) dimana jaringan waralaba cuman membutuhkan sistem manajemen yang simple serta cukup murah. kemudian laba berikutnya artinya Faster Expansion (ekpansi yang cepat) yg dimana sebab manfaat dari unit bisnis yang dikendalikan pemilik serta struktur administrasi yg disederhanakan, jaringan waralaba umumnya berskala lebih cepat daripada jaringan yg dikelola perusahaan pada biasanya. Itulah mengapa kebanyakan bisnis memakai sistem waralaba. Mengapa membeli waralaba? sebab berdasarkan aku membeli waralaba mempunyai keuntungan nya tersendiri. Misalkan minim resiko, yang dimana perusahaan- perusahaan mempunyai contoh bisnis yg teruji serta terbukti sangat efektif, maka dari itu bisa disebut minim resiko. kemudian alasan yg kedua artinya manajemen usaha nya sudah terbangun, disini maksudnya artinya waralaba telah memiliki sistem manajemen yg sangat matang sehingga kita tidak perlu repot-repot untuk menciptakan sistem manajemen sendiri tak mirip merintis usaha baru. lalu alasan yang terakhir adalah memiliki peluang keberhasilan yang tinggi, Franchise atau waralaba memiliki peluang keberhasilan yg tinggi dibandingkan dengan usaha yang bersifat berdikari. Terutama apabila franchise yg kita pilih telah memiliki loyal customer yg banyak. Itulah beberapa alasan mengapa membeli waralaba sangat menguntungkan bagi kita. |
| Date: | 2023–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3rhq2&r=sea |
| By: | Prasetyo, Fiony Christie |
| Abstract: | Rangkuman mata kuliah New Venture Creation mengenai Conducting a Feasibility Analysis, Designing a Business Model, Building a New Venture Team , Launching Strategy of the Business , Global Aspects of Entrepreneurship, Building a Powerful Bootstrap Marketing Plan, Crafting a Business Plan and Building a Solid, Buying an Existing Business and Franchising , How to Choose Wisely the Legal Forms of Ventures in Indonesia, Branding , Salesmanship , Advertising Strategies , Managing Technologies, Social Media, and E-Commerce, Choosing the Right Location and Layout , Product and Inventory , Planning for the Next Generation and Harvesting the Business |
| Date: | 2023–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fbjnc&r=sea |
| By: | , Angel2511 |
| Abstract: | Akhir-akhir ini, resesi 2023 menjadi perbincangan yang ramai dimana resesi bisa terjadi di negara manapun termasuk negara Indonesia. Sebelumnya, para ekonom dunia sudah memprediksi bahwa resesi akan terjadi besar-besaran pada tahun 2023 mendatang. Bank Dunia mengetahui penyebab terjadinya resesi 2023 yang dimana berasal dari bank sentral di seluruh dunia secara bersamaan yang menaikan suku bunga dan memiliki pemicu lainnya seperti pandemic Covid-19 melanda dan konflik Rusia-Ukraina. Hal tersebut yang membuat berbagai negara kesulitan dalam rantai pasokan komoditas yang diperlukan. |
| Date: | 2023–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nkb7v&r=sea |
| By: | Kene Boun My (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Thang Long University); Thi Kim Cuong Pham (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anne Stenger (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Tuyen Tiet (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nguyen To-The (Thang Long University, VNU - Vietnam National University [Hanoï]) |
| Abstract: | This study examines factors determining farmers' investment in organic farming using a contextualized lab-in-the-field experiment with 220 small household farmers in Northern Vietnam. We focus on the role of network structure, information nudge, and social comparison between farmers using three types of networks: circle, star and complete. Our results suggest that, on average, around 64% of the land is invested in organic farming in the complete network in which each farmer is connected to all of the others, while only about 57% of the land is invested in the circle and star network. Moreover, social comparison (i.e., information about the average investment) performs better in a circle network than in a star network. Finally, information nudges about the socially optimal investment could encourage farmers' coordination in all three networks, particularly in the complete network with an increase in organic investment up to 76%. |
| Keywords: | Lab-in-the-field, Network, Nudge, Organic agriculture, Small household farmers, Social comparison. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03781161&r=sea |
| By: | Daniel Erpriandy Maharsasi (Telkom University, Gegerkalong, 40152, Bandung, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Riko Hendrawan Author-2-Workplace-Name: Telkom University, Gegerkalong, 40152, Bandung, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This research examines the implementation of options contracts on gold prices using GARCH and Black Scholes models accompanied by a long strangle strategy. Methodology – This research used 36 years of secondary data for daily gold prices from www.gold.org obtained from the year 1985 to 2020. The implementation of options contracts on gold prices using GARCH and Black Scholes models with long strangle strategy through three types of maturity dates (1-month, 2-months, and 3-months). These results were tested by comparing the average percentage value of the actual options premium price and the options calculated using the AMSE (Average Mean Square Error) methodology, where the smallest percentage value is a more precise reflection of the model. Findings – The research indicates that the results of the error percentage for 1-month, 2-months, and 3-months maturities increased linearly along with the size of the maturity period of the option contract also profit percentage of long strangle strategy for gold price option contract in average 17-27% or below 30%. Novelty – Based on the research result, the long strangle strategy is not the best strategy regarding the gold price option contract, and this study can contribute to current practices for the investor. Also, this research is unique because no research used gold price data for 36 years (daily basis) for the options contracts. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Gold Price; Options Contract; Black Scholes; GARCH; Long Strangle; AMSE |
| JEL: | G11 G13 |
| Date: | 2022–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr207&r=sea |
| By: | Dan Pirjol; Lingjiong Zhu |
| Abstract: | We propose analytical approximations for the sensitivities (Greeks) of the Asian options in the Black-Scholes model, following from a small maturity/volatility approximation for the option prices which has the exact short maturity limit, obtained using large deviations theory. Numerical tests demonstrate good agreement of the proposed approximation with alternative numerical simulation results for cases of practical interest. We also study the qualitative properties of Asian Greeks, including new results for Rho, the sensitivity with respect to changes in the risk-free rate, and Psi, the sensitivity with respect to the dividend yield. In particular we show that the Rho of a fixed-strike Asian option and the Psi of a floating-strike Asian option can change sign. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2301.06460&r=sea |
| By: | Lilavanichakul, Apichaya; Maredia, Mywish K. |
| Abstract: | To respond to the negative economic shock from its response to the pandemic, the Thai government implemented various policy measures including soft loans, cash handouts, and tax refunds. At the scale of the population, the net impact of these policies in countering the effects of the COVID shock is not well understood. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2022–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miprpb:330117&r=sea |
| By: | Toba, Natsuko (International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group, US); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Maurer, Luiz (LM Engineering and Consulting, Richmond, US); Sen, Anupama (Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK) |
| Abstract: | Globally, auctions are increasingly popular to competitively promote and procure renewable energy technologies to meet energy, social, and climate change objectives. To do so, auction designs need to accommodate technological progress, declining costs, and increasing demand for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG). This chapter focuses on auctions of large scale solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in Southeast and East Asia. It revisits the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of auctions while focusing on the ESG component from the perspective of key stakeholders, such as investors, government, bidders, and communities regarding efficient allocations of risks, costs, and benefits. The chapter then relates this framework to real-world practices and international evidence on solar PV as well as those without BESS. The analysis shows that integrating ESG in the auction designs and business models is possible and could benefit business and sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; Solar power; Battery storage; Auction design |
| JEL: | D00 D40 D80 L00 L10 L90 |
| Date: | 2023–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_003&r=sea |
| By: | Sima, Di (Nanjing Audit University); Huang, Fali (Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | Is democracy a better political regime for economic prosperity than autocracy? This paper shows that the answer depends on the initial economic development level during the democratic transition when the foundation of institutions was laid. Democracy fa-cilitates growth only in countries that already have adequate development at transition time. These countries are more likely to create and sustain growth-enhancing insti-tutions than others. Without appropriate development, democracy does not improve growth; this applies to about 40% of the third-wave democratized countries. These results are based on a sample of 153 countries in 1960-2010 and robust to various spec-ifications and endogeneity issues. |
| Keywords: | Democracy; Growth; Economic Development; Institutions; Critical Junc-ture; Democratization; Modernization; Human Capital. |
| JEL: | D73 E02 I25 O10 O43 P16 P48 |
| Date: | 2022–11–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2023_002&r=sea |
| By: | R, SUCI INDAH SARI |
| Abstract: | Kab Luwu adalah sebuah kabupaten di provinsi sulawesi selatan, Indonesia. Hasil pemekaran kab luwu antara lain: Kab luwu utara, Kab luwu timur, dan Kota Palopo. |
| Date: | 2023–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uq48x&r=sea |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the evolution of world, European and French oilseed trade over the last twenty years (since 2000). The statistical information used comes from three complementary databases, namely BACI for international trade, Comext for European Union (EU-27) trade and French Customs for French trade. World trade in oilseeds amount to 161 billion euros in 2020 (excluding intra-EU trade), or nearly 15% of international trade in agri-food products. These are dominated by soya (51% of the total in value), in its various forms (soya beans, soya meal, soya oil), ahead of palm oil (17%), sunflower (8%) and rapeseed (8%). In 2020, the top three oilseed exporters are Brazil (19% of world exports in value), the United States (18%) and Indonesia (11%). While the first two countries export exclusively soya, the third is specialized in palm oil. China has become the world's largest importer of oilseeds (28% of the total in 2020), ahead of the EU-27 (15%), whose deficit for these products (-21.3 billion euros in 2021) is sometimes linked to its large surplus in animal production (47.5 billion euros). France also has a deficit in oilseeds (-1.83 billion euros in 2021), mainly due to its purchases of soya meal from the American continent; the latter, which is the subject of controversy because of the deforestation induced in the Amazon, has however decreased by 31% in volume between 2000 and 2021. |
| Abstract: | Cette communication présente l'évolution, sur une vingtaine d'années (depuis 2000), des échanges mondiaux, européens et français d'oléagineux. Les informations statistiques utilisées sont issues de trois bases de données complémentaires, à savoir BACI pour les échanges internationaux, Comext pour ceux de l'Union européenne (UE-27) et les douanes françaises pour ceux de la France. Les échanges mondiaux d'oléagineux représentent un montant de 161 milliards d'euros en 2020 (hors commerce intra-UE), soit près de 15% du commerce international des produits agroalimentaires. Ceux-ci sont dominés par le soja (51% du total en valeur), sous ses différentes formes (graines, tourteaux et huile), devant l'huile de palme (17%), le tournesol (8%) et le colza (8%). En 2020, les trois premiers exportateurs d'oléagineux sont le Brésil (19% des exportations mondiales en valeur), les Etats-Unis (18%) et l'Indonésie (11%). Si les deux premiers pays exportent exclusivement du soja, le troisième est spécialisé en huile de palme. La Chine est devenue le premier importateur mondial d'oléagineux (28% du total en 2020) devant l'UE-27 (15%), dont le déficit pour ces produits (-21, 3 milliards d'euros en 2021) est parfois mis en relation avec son fort excédent en productions animales (47, 5 milliards d'euros). La France est également déficitaire en oléagineux (-1, 83 milliard d'euros en 2021), en raison surtout de ses achats de tourteaux de soja sur le continent américain ; ces derniers, qui font l'objet de controverses en raison de la déforestation induite en Amazonie, ont cependant baissé de 31% en volume entre 2000 et 2021. |
| Keywords: | Oilseeds, Soybeans, Vegetable oils, International trade, EU trade, Oléagineux, Soja, Huiles végétales, Commerce international, Echanges de l’UE |
| Date: | 2022–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03937481&r=sea |
| By: | Hoang, Giang |
| Abstract: | Zaibatsu, which means “wealthy clique” in Japanese, is any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan whose influence and control were pervasive from the Meiji period until the end of WWII |
| Date: | 2023–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:643qn&r=sea |
| By: | Sherly Sherly (STIE Sultan Agung, Jl. Surabaya No. 19, 21145, Pematangsiantar, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Kisno Kisno Author-2-Workplace-Name: Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi dan Manajemen Indonesia, Jl. Sutomo No. 271, 21118, Pematangsiantar, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Nathanael Sitanggang Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr. V, 20221, Medan, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Edy Dharma Author-4-Workplace-Name: STIE Sultan Agung, Jl. Surabaya No. 19, 21145, Pematangsiantar, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Humiras Betty Marlina Sihombing Author-5-Workplace-Name: Universitas Darma Agung, Jl. DR. TD Pardede No.21, 20153, Medan, Indonesia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - VHS are educational institutions aiming to prepare ready-to-employ graduates by prioritizing their skills and expertise according to their areas of expertise. This study attempts to reveal the newness strategy for intensifying Vocational High School prospective graduates' employability through Dual Vocational Competency, which covers areas of expertise and supplementary certification (DVC) such as Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) certification. Methodology/Technique - A non-experimental quantitative research design was implemented in this study using ex post facto. The data collected in this study through Likert-scale questionnaires were competency certification, OSH certification, and prospective graduates' employability. Findings – The findings showed that each variable denoted that all variables were in the adequate category. It denoted that competency and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) certification correlated to the employability rate of Vocational High School prospective graduates. Novelty - This article denotes the new strategy implemented called dual certification, which combines expertise and OSH certification. This certification model is held during the study period of the prospective graduates, and each variable denotes that all variables are in a good category. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: I20; I25 " |
| Keywords: | Dual certification; vocational high school; employability |
| JEL: | I20 I25 |
| Date: | 2022–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr307&r=sea |
| By: | Hurtado, Agustin; Sakong, Jung |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of racial minority bank ownership on minority credit access. Using new data for 87 million minority borrowers, we present four main findings. First, minority-owned banks specialize in same-race mortgage lending. Over 70 percent of their mortgages go to borrowers of bank owners' same race. Second, the effect of minority bank ownership on minority credit is large and exceeds that of minority loan officers. We find that minority borrowers applying for mortgages in banks whose owners are of the same minority group are nine percentage points more likely to be approved than minority borrowers in non-minority banks. This effect is over six times that of a minority loan officer. Third, the default rate of minority banks' same-race borrowers is much lower than that of otherwise-identical borrowers of other races, and Asian banks drive this difference. Fourth, evidence from plausibly exogenous bank collapses suggests that the effect of Asian bank ownership might reflect an expansion rather than a reallocation of credit to Asian borrowers. Our findings are consistent with minority bank ownership reducing information frictions and improving credit allocations. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cbscwp:325&r=sea |
| By: | Ms. Yuanyan S Zhang; Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen; Thuy Dinh Pham; Nga Huong Phi; Duong Thuy Nguyen; Tuan Danh Duong; Ms. Era Dabla-Norris |
| Abstract: | Using a unique representative panel survey of Vietnamese enterprises in 2020, we find that the pandemic and associated government support package had a heterogenous impact across firms. The government support package, particularly tax cuts and deferrals, helped alleviate short term stress, but tight ineligibility criteria and cumbersome procedures impacted take-up. Econometric analysis suggests that the likelihood of accessing support was associated with firm size, with larger firms more likely to receive support compared to smaller firms, even after controlling for sector, firm ownership and financial health. Credit support was effective in alleviating liquidity constraints and allaying firm pessimism only for large firms. Interestingly, firms experiencing sales losses and those with lower pre-crisis productivity were more likely to resort to digitalization, suggesting that the pandemic could help narrow productivity gaps. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; policy support; firms’ coping strategies; digitalization; coping strategy; government support package; credit support; firm pessimism; self-coping strategy; Credit; Labor costs; Productivity; Europe; Global |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2022/201&r=sea |
| By: | Malin Hasselskog; Vedaste Ndizera; Joakim Öjendal |
| Abstract: | This paper examines previously under-explored links between two aid-nurtured ideals. 'National ownership' and 'local participation' both aim to increase recipient influence and thereby address the inherent inequality of the aid relation. Questioning the common assumption of synergy, we analyse the nature and role of local participation in situations of national ownership, asking how prevailing forms of national ownership play out on a local level and what current experiences there are of local participation. |
| Keywords: | Ownership, Participation, Aid, Qualitative research, local ownership, Rwanda, Cambodia |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2023-10&r=sea |
| By: | Park, Cyn-Young (Asian Development Bank); Shin, Kwanho (Department of Economics, Korea University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether the uncovered interest parity (UIP) will hold more firmly if the local currency bond markets (LCBMs) are more developed, and the presence of nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs) is expanded. Deviations in UIP decrease as LCBMs develop, while the patterns of the UIP premium in emerging markets increasingly resemble patterns in advanced economies. Capital flows respond more sensitively to the UIP premium for emerging markets when LCBMs are more developed. These suggest the development of LCBMs and NBFIs might induce more active cross-border carry trades and reduce UIP deviations. However, greater carry trade positions may increase a country’s exposure to market disruptions and exchange rate volatility. Empirical results show that gross portfolio debt inflows increase (decrease) when the exchange rate appreciates (depreciates). While LCBMs becoming more developed can mitigate the negative effect of the original sin redux hypothesis in advanced economies, this aggravates the impact of exchange rate depreciation in emerging markets. |
| Keywords: | uncovered interest parity; local currency bond markets; emerging economies; nonbank financial institutions; capital inflows |
| JEL: | E44 F34 F62 G12 G21 G23 |
| Date: | 2023–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0677&r=sea |
| By: | Athiphat Muthitacharoen; Trongwut Burong; Athiphat Muthitacharoen |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates inequality and intragenerational economic mobility in a developing country with large inequality. Understanding economic mobility is important because it shapes our perception of inequality. Despite its significance, evidence on intragenerational mobility, especially that based on administrative data, is relatively limited in developing countries. Using Thailand’s tax return data, we study the evolution of earnings inequality, estimate medium-term earnings mobility, and examine the heterogeneity of mobility across age, gender and employment arrangement. Our analysis yields three main findings. First, annual earnings inequality rises during the 2009-2018 period. We find that the inequality is largely permanent, and its increase is primarily driven by top-earnings workers. Second, we find that medium-term mobility follows a U-shaped pattern across the earnings distribution, with extremely high persistence at the top. Our suggestive comparison indicates that Thailand’s earnings mobility is among the lowest in the pool of evidence from both developed and developing countries. Third, there is a considerable heterogeneity in mobility regarding employment arrangement. Workers in less-formal jobs have much lower upward mobility than those in more-formal employment. Our findings also indicate significant heterogeneity in mobility with respect to gender and age. These findings highlight the importance of ensuring that any increase in inequality caused by the Covid-19 crisis does not become permanent, as well as improving access to opportunities for vulnerable workers. |
| Keywords: | intragenerational earnings mobility, inequality |
| JEL: | D31 D63 H20 J31 J60 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10202&r=sea |