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on South East Asia |
| By: | istiqomah, Bunga sahila hizbul |
| Abstract: | Saat ini perekonomian dunia sedang dirundung ketidakpastian yang mana sedang dihadapkan dengan permasalahan yang semakin hari semakin tidak menentu. Hal ini tentu akan berdampak pada perekonomian suatu negara termasuk negara Indonesia. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperbaiki perekonomian ialah melakukan pengembangan dan pembangunan khususnya dibidang keuangan. Dengan meningkatkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan-perusahaan yang ada di Indonesia khususnya perusahaan milik negara atau Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN). Kinerja keuangan menjadi hal penting yang harus diketahui dan diperhatikan oleh setiap perusahaan untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perusahaan sehingga bisa turut ikut andil dalam upaya meningkatkan perekonomian nasional. |
| Date: | 2023–01–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bmka9&r=sea |
| By: | Luthfia, Agusniar Rizka |
| Abstract: | Luthfia, A. R. (2021). Dialektika Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: KBM Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2021–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gv4nu&r=sea |
| By: | Halim, Ismail |
| Abstract: | Bank syariah merupakan bank umum yang menjalankan aktivitasnya berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Bank syariah berfungsi sebagai media intermediasi atau perantara keuangan antara pihak yang memiliki dana lebih (surplus) dengan pihak yang kekurangan dana (defisit). Oleh karena itu, faktor kepercayaan dari berbagai pihak menjadi faktor utama dalam menjalankan segala aktivitasnya. Kepercayaan terhadap bank akan terwujud apabila bank mampu meningkatkan kinerjanya dan tergolong dalam bank yang sehat. Pentingnya menjaga kesehatan bank bertujuan agar nasabah tetap memberikan kepercayaan kepada bank yang bersangkutan. Kesehatan Bank dapat diartikan sebagai kemampuan Bank untuk melakukan kegiatan operasionalnya secara normal dan mampu memenuhi semua kewajibannya dengan baik dengan cara yang sesuai dengan peraturan perbankan yang berlaku (Nur Rianto dan Yuke Rahmawati, 2018). Kesehatan bank menurut Bank Indonesia sesuai dengan Undang Undang RI No. 7 Tahun 1992 Tentang perbankan Pasal 29 yaitu bank dikatakan sehat apabila bank tersebut memenuhi ketentuan kesehatan bank dengan memperhatikan aspek permodalan, kualitas aset, kualitas manajemen, kualitas rentabilitas, likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan aspek lain yang berhubungan dengan usaha bank. Pada umumnya Mekanisme penilaian kesehatan Bank dinilai melalui lima aspek penilaian yang dikenal dengan istilah CAMEL (Capital, Asset, Management, Earning dan Liquidity). CAMEL merupakan aspek yang paling banyak berpengaruh terhadap kondisi keuangan bank, yang mempengaruhi tingkat kesehatan Bank. CAMEL dijadikan tolak ukur dalam pemeriksaan kesehatan bank yang akan dilakukan oleh pengawas Bank. |
| Date: | 2022–12–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:564bz&r=sea |
| By: | Eugenia Go (World Bank); Kentaro Nakajima (Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University); Yasuyuki Sawada (Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo); Kiyoshi Taniguchi (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | Spatially and seasonally granular measures of local economic activities are increasingly required in a variety of economic analyses. We propose using novel vehicle density data obtained from daytime satellite images to quantify the local economic activity involving human and goods traffic flows. Validation exercises show that vehicle density is a good proxy for local economic levels. We then apply our data to evaluate the impact of a new international airport terminal opening in the Philippines on local economies. The results show that the opening of the new terminal has spatially and seasonally heterogeneous impacts that conventional data cannot ca |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2022cf1209&r=sea |
| By: | Jose Cobian; Budy P. Resosudarmo; Alin Halimatussadiah; Susan Olivia |
| Abstract: | Most megacities in developing countries are constantly exposed to flood risk, with a clear lack of understanding of insurance leading to poor risk management by urban populations. This paper analyses the demand for a hypothetical index-based flood insurance product among households in Jakarta, Indonesia. An expected utility framework is used to test whether this demand is significantly determined by the basis risk component of the insurance. The paper investigates the effects on insurance uptake of premium discounts, and risk aversion. Using distance of a house to the reference floodgate station (a proxy for basis risk), we find demand falls as basis risk increases. Additionally, the uptake decreases with price and risk aversion. We recommend further investment in floodgate stations to reduce basis risk, complemented with subsidies to encourage demand for this product. However, the level of discount offered to urban households is inconclusive and constitutes an important topic for future research. |
| Keywords: | index insurance, basis risk, disasters, floods, Indonesia |
| JEL: | D81 G22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2022-12&r=sea |
| By: | khasanah, uswatun |
| Abstract: | Perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia saat ini lebih pesat dibandingkan dengan beberapa tahun lalu. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah lembaga keuangan yang ada. Dalam jangka panjang, keberadaan lembaga keuangan akan memberi manfaat berupa pengembangan ekonomi. Dapat kita ketahui lembaga keuangan dikenal ada dua macam, yaitu lembaga keuangan bank dan lembaga keuangan non bank. Adapun peranan utama dari kedua lembaga ini relatif sama, yaitu sebagai perantara keuangan (financial intermediation) antara surplus unit (ultimate lenders) dengan definisi unit (ultimate borrowers) . Lembaga keuangan bank adalah suatu lembaga keuangan yang memberikan jasa-jasa keuangan dan menarik dana dari masyarakat secara langsung. |
| Date: | 2022–12–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:86rn9&r=sea |
| By: | Minh, Nguyen Phuong; Nguyen, Thuy |
| Abstract: | Mindspongeconomics (mindspongecon) is a new economic theory developed by Dr. Van Quy Khuc, a lecturer at VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University. Despite the fact that the study is still in progress, it has attracted the interest of several scholars from around the globe. |
| Date: | 2023–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3j57q&r=sea |
| By: | Trinh Van Vu Lin; Trinh Phuoc Nguyen; Nguyen Van Kien; Tran Duc Dung; Dang Minh Man |
| Abstract: | Community livelihoods within the Vietnamese Mekong Delta are at risk from droughts and saltwater intrusion. This study used the DFID sustainable livelihoods framework in a multi-disciplinary method to formulate a competent analysis and methodology for the evaluationof the sustainability, vulnerability, and adaptation of the coastal residents’ livelihood. A review of the local records coupled with a survey of community representatives from 120 households highlights the increase in temperature and rainfall frequency as well as the occurrence of drought and salinity intrusion in many places along the coastal zones. The study analyzed five capital resources of farmers wherein differences in these resources—before, during, and after the drought-saltwater intrusion events—were compared. Results showed that these resources were vulnerable at different levels due to the impacts of drought and salinity intrusion. Furthermore, there were distinct differences in the indices over time. Notably, the migration of young workers from the sites opened up employment for the older workers who did not migrate. Land ownership varied among households, with more than half of respondents either planting two rice crops or raising shrimp, traditional farming models in the sites. Although the farmers ably purchased some necessary inputs for production, their physical capital was limited to the bare necessities for production and daily subsistence. Financially, the drought-salinity disaster affected the farmers negatively, so they sought loans mostly from informal sources. However, even the least affected farmers also sought loans but for purposes other than production. Social capital improved with the disaster because social organizations and local governments became more involved with the communities. However, no further improvement was observed in the years after the disaster. Overall, Nam Chanh hamlet is slightly more vulnerable to drought-saltwater intrusion (LVI = 0.452) than Soc Leo hamlet (LVI = 0.414) because of the greater vulnerability of its human, physical, and financial capitals, as well as the less diverse livelihood strategies. The results from this study will provide valuable insight into the livelihood vulnerability of coastal communities, specifically to drought and salinity intrusion. Further, results can contribute to the knowledge that enables scientists, decision makers, and governments to determine appropriate responses to similar situations and to consider policy for land and water management in coastal communities. |
| Keywords: | VMD, Vietnamese Mekong Delta, coastal communities, climate change adaptation, drought, salinity intrusion, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sag:seadps:2022:545&r=sea |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Kilic, Talip; Abanokova, Kseniya; Carletto, Calogero |
| Abstract: | Household consumption data are often unavailable, not fully collected, or incomparable over time in poorer countries. Survey-to-survey imputation has been increasingly employed to address these data gaps for poverty measurement, but its effective use requires standardized protocols. We refine existing poverty imputation models using 14 multi-topic household surveys conducted over the past decade in Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Vietnam. We find that adding household utility expenditures to a basic imputation model with household-level demographic and employment variables provides accurate estimates, which even fall within one standard error of the true poverty rates in many cases. Further adding geospatial variables improves accuracy, as does including additional community-level predictors (available from data in Vietnam) related to educational achievement, poverty, and asset wealth. Yet, within-country spatial heterogeneity exists, with certain models performing well for either urban areas or rural areas only. These results offer cost-saving inputs into future survey design. |
| Keywords: | consumption, poverty, survey-to-survey imputation, household surveys, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | C15 I32 O15 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1226&r=sea |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh (World Bank); Kilic, Talip (World Bank); Abanokova, Kseniya (World Bank); Carletto, Calogero (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | Household consumption data are often unavailable, not fully collected, or incomparable over time in poorer countries. Survey-to-survey imputation has been increasingly employed to address these data gaps for poverty measurement, but its effective use requires standardized protocols. We refine existing poverty imputation models using 14 multi-topic household surveys conducted over the past decade in Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Vietnam. We find that adding household utility expenditures to a basic imputation model with household-level demographic and employment variables provides accurate estimates, which even fall within one standard error of the true poverty rates in many cases. Further adding geospatial variables improves accuracy, as does including additional community-level predictors (available from data in Vietnam) related to educational achievement, poverty, and asset wealth. Yet, within-country spatial heterogeneity exists, with certain models performing well for either urban areas or rural areas only. These results offer cost-saving inputs into future survey design. |
| Keywords: | consumption, poverty, survey-to-survey imputation, household surveys, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | C15 I32 O15 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15873&r=sea |
| By: | Roodman, David |
| Abstract: | Duflo (2001) exploits a 1970s schooling expansion in Indonesia to estimate the returns to schooling. Under the study's difference-in-differences (DID) design, two patterns in the data-shallower pay scales for younger workers and negative selection in treatment-can violate the parallel trends assumption and upward-bias results. In response, I follow up later, test for trend breaks timed to the intervention, and perform changes-in-changes (CIC). I also correct data errors, cluster variance estimates, incorporate survey weights to correct for en-dogenous sampling, and test for (and detect) instrument weakness. Weak identification-robust inference yields imprecise, positive estimates. CIC estimates tilt slightly negative. |
| Keywords: | education, wages, reanalysis |
| JEL: | I2 J31 O15 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:15&r=sea |
| By: | Willem THORBECKE |
| Abstract: | The U.S. real effective exchange rate is at its highest level since 1985. In that year, the U.S. and its trading partners coordinated a depreciation of the dollar and the U.S. agreed to reduce its budget deficit. This paper reports that a dollar depreciation today would still improve U.S. trade imbalances with East Asia and the world. East Asian countries would also benefit from a dollar depreciation because it would lower the local currency costs of imported oil, commodities, and food and reduce imported inflation. The U.S. and East Asia should consider engineering a coordinated dollar depreciation and the U.S. should again reduce its budget deficit. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:22115&r=sea |
| By: | Hafidhoh, Alfina |
| Abstract: | Didunia yang semakin maju ini banyak manusia yang telah dibutakan oleh harta, tidak pandang posisi, manusia yang buta akan harta, serakah, tamak, dan hidup yang mewah akan menghalalkan semua cara untuk mendapatkannya, tak terkecuali pejabat tinggi pemerintahan.Dengan cara penyuapan, penggelapan, penipuan, pemerasan, dan favotitisme itu dapat merugikan pihak yang membutuhkan harta tersebut demi kesejahteraan hidupnya pihak yang mengorupsi harta buat dirinya pribadi akan terkena sanksi sesuai UU. Korupsi merupakan kejahatan yang luar biasa karena terjadi di semua bidang kehidupan dan dilakukan secara sistematis, sehingga sulit untuk memberantasnya. Korupsi di Indonesia dapat dikatakan sudah merupakan endemic, sistemic, dan widespread. Korupsi bahkan sudah merampas hak-hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya (ekosob) masyarakat banyak sehingga harus diberantas |
| Date: | 2022–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:y6nk8&r=sea |
| By: | Wannaphong Durongkaveroj |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the poverty-reducing effect of a large-scale unconditional cash transfer program (“the state welfare card scheme”) launched by the government of Thailand in 2017 that covers over 20 per cent of the country’s population. The program’s impact on monetary poverty, measured by consumption expenditure per capita, is estimated using nationally representative household socio-economic survey data collected in 2019. Using a sharp regression discontinuity design, the study finds that the programme does not reduce monetary poverty, as intended. In addition, the programme causes a significant decline in food expenditure. There is evidence that the underlying reason for the lack of impact is due to poor targeting. The findings point to the need to revamp the programme at both design and implementation stages. |
| Keywords: | poverty, cash transfer, the state welfare card, Thailand |
| JEL: | I32 I38 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2022-10&r=sea |
| By: | Prema-chandra Athukorala; Wanissa Suanin |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the national savings behaviour in the process of economic growth through a comparative analysis of countries in developing Asia from a historical perspective. Developing Asia provides an ideal laboratory for the study with considerable differences in the savings behaviour among countries and over time within individual countries, notwithstanding the 'model saver' image based on the average savings rate. The empirical analysis distinguishes between private and government savings rates, with specific emphasis on the former. |
| Keywords: | Saving, Life cycle, Export-led growth, Structural transformation, Asia |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2022-172&r=sea |
| By: | Amir, Ja'far; Mohammad, Wily |
| Abstract: | Buku Manajemen Pemasaran ini terdiri dari 14 bab yaitu Bab I: Perkembangan Dunia Bisnis dan Manajemen Pemasaran pada Abad Modern (Abad 21), Konsep Pemasaran pada Era Perekonomian Baru, Membangun Kepuasan Pelanggan, Bab II: Perencanaan Strategi pada Level Korporasi dan Unit Bisnis; Proses dan Perencanaan Pemasaran, Bab III: Sistem Informasi Pemasaran dan Mengukur Permintaan Pasar, Bab IV: Analisis Lingkungan Pemasaran, Bab V: Analisis Karakter Konsumen dan Proses Pembelian, Perilaku Pasar Bisnis dan Proses Pembeliannya, Industri dan Pesaing, Strategi Bersaing, Bab VI: Mengidentifikasi Segmen Pasar dan Memilih Target Pasar, Bab VII: Positioning dan Melakukan Diferensiasi pada Penawaran Pasar melalui Daur Hidup Produk, Bab VIII: Pengembangan Produk Baru, Mendesain dan Memasuki Pasar Luar Negeri, Menentukan Strategi Produk dan Merek, Bab IX: Merancang dan Mengelola Jasa, Bab X: Mengembangkan Strategi dan Program Harga, Bab XI: Merancang dan Mengelola Jaringan Nilai dan Saluran Pemasaran, Mengelola Eceran, Pedagang Besar dan Logistik Pasar, Bab XII: Mengelola Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu, Mengelola Iklan, Promosi Penjualan, Hubungan Masyarakat dan Pemasaran Langsung, Selling, Mengelola Tenaga Penjualan, Mengelola Upaya Pemasaran Total, Bab XIII: Konsep dan Komponen Taktik Pemasaran Untuk Meningkatkan Pangsa Pasar, dan Bab XIV: Mengkaji Berbagai Penerapan Manajemen pada Berbagai Perusahaan pada Saat Ini. Buku Manajemen Pemasaran ini sangat menarik untuk dibaca oleh tenaga pengajar, mahasiswa/i maupun masyarakat karena menggunakan tata bahasa yang mudah dipahami. Semakin banyak buku yang kita baca maka pengetahuan akan semakin berkembang. Kelebihan buku Manajemen Pemasaran ini adalah materi yang ada di dalam buku ini telah dilakukan presentasi dan diskusi oleh rekan-rekan mahasiswa/i pasca sarjana magister manajemen dari kelas S2 Cikeas Sabtu Angkatan 2022 di bawah bimbingan dan arahan langsung dari dosen sekaligus Ketua Yayasan Institut Pengembangan Wiraswasta Indonesia Jakarta yaitu Dr. Sri Lestari Prasilowati, MA. Di dalam diskusi, kami banyak mengangkat studi kasus yang ada di lingkungan kerja rekan-rekan mahasiswa/i pasca sarjana manajemen yang bekerja di sektor swasta maupun pemerintahan, sehingga buku ini layak menjadi referensi bagi mahasiswa/i yang sedang mengambil mata kuliah Manajemen Pemasaran maupun yang berkepentingan. |
| Date: | 2022–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jcbgr&r=sea |
| By: | Bargain, Olivier (Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV); Bue, Maria C. Lo (University of Bordeaux); Palmisano, Flaviana (Sapienza University of Rome) |
| Abstract: | We suggest a simple and flexible criterion to assess relative inter-generational mobility. It accommodates different types of outcomes, such as (continuous) earnings or (discrete and ordinal) education levels, and captures dynastic improvements of such outcomes at different points of the initial distribution. We provide dominance characterizations – for instance on the relative progress made by women vs. men – that are consistent with social preferences upon desirable patterns of mobility. We suggest an application on Indonesia. Using the IFLS data, we match parents observed in 1993 to their children in 2014, providing one of the rare intergenerational mobility analyses based on a long panel in the context of a developing country. Results indicate that mobility in terms of education and potential earnings was markedly at the advantage of women. The bulk of the population came out of illiteracy, possibly due to large-scale education reforms, but the relative educational mobility was regressive, which considerably reduced the progressivity of mobility in terms of potential earnings. |
| Keywords: | intergenerational mobility, education, earnings, social welfare, gender |
| JEL: | J6 J62 O12 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15867&r=sea |
| By: | Juhro, Solikin M.; Ridwan, Masagus H. |
| Abstract: | Indonesian Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan kejadian luar biasa dan oleh karenanya memerlukan langkah luar biasa untuk menanganinya. Diperlukan pemikiran yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi untuk mendukung implementasi strategi pembangunan yang dipakai selama ini. Selain itu, untuk menghadapi tantangan ke depan yang semakin kompleks, perspektif pembangunan ekonomi nasional juga perlu ‘di-reset’, atau lebih diarahkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan sosial ekonomi, yang tentunya berjalan paralel dengan upaya penanganan kesehatan akibat pandemi Covid-19. Perspektif dimaksud menitikberatkan pada azas inklusivitas secara holistic guna mengurangi potensi disparitas pembangunan, yang secara khusus ditujukan melalui beberapa strategi kebijakan yaitu: (i) pengembangan infrastruktur dan perluasan pelayanan publik, (ii) pemberdayaan kekuatan ekonomi masyarakat luas (kerakyatan), dalam hal ini melalui langkah penguatan usaha kecil, mikro dan menengah, termasuk yang berbasis syariah, (iii) percepatan digitalisasi dan penguatan inovasi/riset, (iv) pengembangan modal manusia dengan memanfaatkan peluang bonus demografi, serta (v) penguatan faktor kelembagaan inklusif, termasuk revitalisasi kerjasama, yang kesemuanya berbasis pada potensi perkembangan ekonomi digital serta sejalan dengan prinsip less-contact economy di era kenormalan baru ke depan. English Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic is an extraordinary event and therefore requires extraordinary measures to handle it. Comprehensive and integrated framework is needed to support the implementation of current development strategy. Apart from that, in facing the increasingly complex challenges ahead, the perspectives of national economic development also need to be 'reset', or more directed at overcoming socio-economic problems, which runs parallel to deal with health issues due to the pandemic. Holistically, these perspectives should be focused on inclusivity in order to reduce potential disparities in economic development. Several policy strategies should be addressed, namely: (i) developing infrastructure and public services, (ii) empowering the economic base for a wider community, e.g. through strengthening small, micro, and medium enterprises, including those based on sharia principles, (iii) accelerating digitalization and strengthening innovation/research activities, (iv) developing human capital by taking advantage of demographic dividend, and (v) strengthening inclusive institutional factors, including revitalizing cooperation. |
| Keywords: | Indonesian Keyword: Pembangunan Ekonomi, Ekonomi Inklusif, Pandemi Covid-19, New Normal English Keyword: Economic Development, Inclusive Economy, Covid-19 Pandemic, New Normal |
| JEL: | O11 P41 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115855&r=sea |
| By: | Prema-chandra Athukorala; Wanissa Suanin |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the national savings behaviour in the process of economic growth through a comparative analysis of countries in developing Asia from a historical perspective. Developing Asia provides an ideal laboratory for the study with considerable differences in the savings behaviour among countries and over time within individual countries, notwithstanding the ‘model saver’ image based on the average savings rate. The empirical analysis distinguishes between private and government savings rates, with specific emphasis on the former. The results of the empirical analysis are consistent with the view of ‘virtuous circle’ between growth and savings, with growth initiating the savings transition. No evidence to suggest that a prior phase of promoting savings through specific policy initiatives is needed to initiate the process of growth and structural transformation. The private savings rate is associated positively with per capita gross domestic product, export orientation, and foreign resource inflows and negatively with the young dependency ratio of the population and domestic credit availability. |
| Keywords: | developing Asia, savings, investment, life cycle model, export-led growth |
| JEL: | D15 E21 O47 O53 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:papers:2023-01&r=sea |
| By: | Mokbul Morshed Ahmad; Nguyen The Manh |
| Abstract: | Lack of credit for farming is one of the main obstacles that poor Thai farmers face. Most agricultural credits from commercial banks are given to large agricultural businesses thus leaving out poor farmers who consequently have to borrow from informal sources with high interest rates. The Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC), founded in 1966, provides financial assistance and development support for farmers, small business owners and community organizations in rural areas. Its mission is to alleviate farmers’ difficulties caused by debt obligations and low commodity prices and its major achievement is the informal loan reduction. However, BAAC faces some problems, including poor service quality, limited number of service locations that cause lack of access to the poor, populist policies, corruption by politicians, increasing number of non-performing loan. The major suggestions to address these problems are to enhance professional management of the bank, making it more accessible to poor farmers particularly in the remote and disadvantaged areas of the country. The results of this paper are drawn based on secondary data and interviews with some senior bank managers and experts. |
| Keywords: | Credit, Poor farmers, Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives, Financial services, Thailand |
| JEL: | G01 G21 G32 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:trn:utwpeu:22121&r=sea |
| By: | Robert Reinhardt (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates which effect earthquakes have on the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) within a country from a temporal, spatial and sectoral dimension. It uses a dynamic difference-indifference model of physical disaster exposure in 416 Indonesian districts between 2003 and 2019 in order to quantify the impact on investment behavior from abroad. Drawing geolocated data from a variety of sources, the results indicate that FDI inflows are temporarily reduced of around 90% in the year after the disaster. In this case study, spatial effects play a subordinate role, yet earthquake shocks affecting upstream industries tend to have substantial negative effects. Manufacturing appears to be the most affected sector. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Disasters, Risk, Economic Growth, Input-Output |
| Date: | 2022–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-03908250&r=sea |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | This technical assistance (TA) mission on Government Finance Statistics (GFS) was conducted remotely during December 6, 2021-January 11, 2022. The main purpose of the mission was to review the progress made by the authorities in implementing previous TA recommendations and provide further support to strengthen the compilation and dissemination of GFS in line with international standards set out in the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 (GFSM 2014). |
| Keywords: | Government Finance Statistics Public Financial Management (PFM) Budget Planning and Preparation Expenditure Financial Statements |
| Date: | 2023–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/005&r=sea |
| By: | Zahra, Urmila Az; wildana, Ratmi |
| Abstract: | Pasar persaingan sempurna merupakan dimana jumlah pembeli dan penjual sangat banyak dan produk yang di jajakan atau ditawarkan juga seragam atau hampir sama, karena barang yang di tawarkan mirip, serta penjualnya yang banyak maka barangbarang yang di jual itu barang yang paling di cari oleh masyarakat atau konsumen seperti sembako, sayur mayur, buah-buahan, alat-alat kebutuhan dapur dan berbagai produk lainnya. Karena di pasar persaingan sempurna ini barang yang di jual serupa maka para pembeli bisa membeli suatu produk dengan harga yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan membeli di luar pasar tersebut. |
| Date: | 2022–12–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:d834r&r=sea |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Date: | 2022–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/370&r=sea |
| By: | Kim, Young Soo (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Growth potential is the totality of growth factors that can contribute to current or future growth. The core growth potential of the digital economy era should be identified in business and industrial capabilities that are expressed based on human capital and regional innovation. Therefore, regional growth potential (RGP) can be defined as the sum of regional growth performance (Y), corporate/industrial capabilities (K), human capital capabilities (H), regional innovation capabilities (I), and local community capabilities (S). Based on this framework, this paper designs a system of RGP indicators and employed it in an analysis of megaregions, municipalities, and provinces. The results of the analysis suggest the following. First, RGP has a mechanism by which human capital/local innovation/local community capabilities translate into corporate/industrial capabilities that in turn result in regional growth performance. Second, the mechanism by which RGP is expressed exhibits a higher correlation at the megaregion level than in individual cities or provinces. Third, the growth potential gap between the Seoul Capital Area (SCA)/ the Chungcheong megaregion and other megaregions has been widening. Fourth, the decrease in the relative growth potential of the Southeast megaregion and Daegu/Gyeongbuk megaregion — which together host clusters of Korea’s flagship manufacturing industries — is a serious problem which needs to be addressed as at the national industrial policy level. Finally, regions with excellent growth potential show distinctive characteristics compared to regions with poor growth potential at the municipal and provincial levels. Based on this, this paper suggested the following policies to promote regional industries. First, policy efforts should be stepped up to expand innovation investment in existing flagship industries and foster new industries. Second, it is necessary to nurture talented workers who will lead innovation in the digital economy era and expand innovation support primarily for talented workers who are likely to stay in the region. Third, the focus should be on creating quality jobs with high added value targeting knowledge service industries connected to region-specific manufacturing industries. Fourth, it is important to create a compelling regional environment for startups and skilled workers. |
| Keywords: | Regional Innovation; Regional Growth Performance; Regional Growth Potential |
| JEL: | R58 |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2022_005&r=sea |
| By: | Zahra, Urmila Az; wildana, Ratmi |
| Abstract: | Dalam ilmu ekonomi, produksi dapat diartikan sebagai kegiatan yang menciptakan manfaat (utility) baik di masa kini maupun di masa yang akan datang. Pembahasan tentang produksi dalam ilmu ekonomi konvensional hanya mengusung maksimalisasi keuntungan sebagai motif utama. Padahal masih banyak lagi motif yang lain dari hanya sekedar meningkatkan keuntungan. Meskipun pada dasarnya Islam tidak melarang motif semacam memaksimalkan keuntungan duniawi semata. Namun, Islam lebih mengutamakan keikhlasan dan balasan di akhirat kelak. |
| Date: | 2022–12–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kzywc&r=sea |
| By: | Paule Moustier (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Michelle Holdsworth (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Dao The Anh (VAAS - Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences - MAARD); Pape Abdoulaye Seck; Henk Renting (Aeres University of Applied Sciences); Patrick Caron (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Nicolas Bricas (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Highlights • Research on urban food issues in the global South lacks a systemic approach. • Urban food consumption reflects income disparities. • Urban consumers rely on diverse food retailing and catering formats. • Diverse urban food chains are used in combination to supply cities. • Public policies should better support SMEs in urban food chains. |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03898038&r=sea |