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on South East Asia |
| By: | Tukiran, Martinus; Sunaryo, Widodo; Ghufron, Nurul; Rusli, Zil Irvan; Dalilah, Elih |
| Abstract: | Organisational ambidexterity, the ability of the organisation to maintain dual attention on exploitation (processing and refining the core production) and exploration (prospecting activities for new opportunities and innovation) to support sustainable growth, has been widely applied in a business organisation. However, the concept of organisational ambidexterity applied in public and nonprofit organisations currently facing unprecedented challenges in carrying out their mission is not much researched. Under the new reform, a public organisation is not only expected to accomplish the mission but also is expected to be innovative. This study aims to fill in the gap by exploring the strategy of the Indonesian super body organisation known as Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) or Corruption Eradication Commission in achieving organisational ambidexterity. This body is commissioned as in most comparative studies of corruption between countries; Indonesia is on the top of the pyramid. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is tested on 200 Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission officers to confirm the underlying factors. The dynamic interactions among management innovation, organisational adaptation, organisational design, and organisational learning to organisational ambidexterity are examined with path analysis. The research shows the significant impact of all variables as causes for organisational ambidexterity. The model is expected to provide the model for government institutions on managing organisational ambidexterity in line with delivering accountability of mandate fulfilment to respective stakeholders by particular reference to business organisations' concept. |
| Keywords: | business process; government organisation; organisational ambidexterity; organisational learning |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2022–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113982&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | In consultation with the Ministry of Finance (MOF) of Lao PDR, a virtual technical assistance (TA) mission supported by the IMF’s Asia and Pacific Department (APD) was conducted during October 4–29, 2021, by the IMF Statistics Department (STA) and the Capacity Development Office in Thailand (CDOT). This ongoing peripatetic capacity development mission was delivered virtually by the CDOT-based LTX with staggered remote meetings. The TA mainly worked with the Fiscal Policy and Law Department (FPLD) and the External Finance and Debt Management Department (EFDMD) on compilation of government finance statistics (GFS) and public sector debt statistics (PSDS) in line with international standards, as the agreed work plan with the authorities in the April/May 2021 TA mission. |
| Date: | 2022–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/261&r= |
| By: | Cheng-Tao Tang (IUJ Research Institutey, International University of Japan); Chun Yee Wong (IUJ Research Institutey, International University of Japan); Orelie Bathan Delas Alas |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of intergovernmental transfers on the development outcomes by exploiting a formula-based transfer scheme among the Philippine municipalities and cities. The results suggest that the household disposable income per capita increases 9.6 percent in the long run as a result of extra transfers of 1000 Philippine pesos per capita in the Philippine local governments. However, the poverty rate increases by around 5 percentage points in the long run. The income gains, associated with higher poverty rate, mainly occur in small and less-developed LGUs (i.e., municipalities). Furthermore, there exist a large stimulatory effect on local spending and a small effect on local tax revenue reduction due to extra grant transfers. |
| Keywords: | Intergovernmental transfer, income, poverty, instrumental variable, the Philippines |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2022_06&r= |
| By: | Samuel Bazzi (University of California - San Diego, NBER, and CEPR); Lisa Cameron (University of Melbourne); Simone Schaner (University of Southern California and NBER); Firman Witoelar (Australian National University) |
| Abstract: | Job seekers face substantial information frictions, especially in international labor markets where intermediaries match prospective migrants with overseas employers. We conducted a randomized trial in Indonesia to explore how information about intermediary quality shapes migration outcomes. Holding access to information about the return to choosing a high-quality intermediary constant, intermediary-specific quality disclosure reduces the migration rate, cutting use of low-quality providers. Workers who do migrate receive better pre-departure preparation and have improved experiences abroad, despite no change in occupation or destination. These results are not driven by changes in beliefs about average provider quality or the return to migration. Nor does selection explain improved outcomes for those who migrate with quality disclosure. Together, our findings are consistent with an increase in the option value of search: with better ability to differentiate offer quality, workers search longer, select higher-quality intermediaries, and ultimately have better migration experiences. |
| Keywords: | International migration, information, middlemen, quality disclosure, search |
| JEL: | F22 O15 D83 L15 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upj:weupjo:22-372&r= |
| By: | Nel Jason Haw (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health) |
| Abstract: | Stata has a strong suite of survey data-analysis references and tools and remains the primary choice for researchers working with survey data. On the other hand, R is the primary choice for data visualization in many academic papers, given its flexibility, especially when using the ggplot2 package based on the design philosophy of The Grammar of Graphics. An unfulfilled need for many researchers is innovatively presenting survey data-analysis results without feeling limited by working within one statistical software only. This presentation discusses a workflow of using Stata for analysis and exporting the results through the postfile commands, then handing the data off to R to create a rich array of figures. As a proof of concept, the presentation will show results from an ongoing health economics research project from the Philippines of around 200,000 observations from national income and expenditure survey data to create publication-quality dumbbell plots, concentration curves, and Pen’s parades. Finally, the presentation will briefly describe how to share code and results in a public repository like Github. |
| Date: | 2022–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:usug22:17&r= |
| By: | Cousins, Mel |
| Abstract: | Expanding social protection coverage is a key policy issue in many developing countries and social insurance schemes form one important mechanism for achieving this. Normally social insurance systems are described as ‘mandatory’ or, alternatively, as ‘voluntary’ i.e whether the targeted workers should be obliged to join or should have a choice as to joining the scheme or not. In the case of many developing countries, participation in social insurance is, in theory, mandatory for those within the scope of the relevant legislation as participation is required by law and non-participation is subject to legal penalties. However, in many such countries, there is a limited expectation that the law will be enforced and no expectation that all employers and employees subject to the law will actually be covered. Such systems might better be called ‘elective’ as they depend on the decision (‘election’) of various key stakeholders to participate or to require participation. Thus, the government must decide to enforce participation; relevant ministries and agencies must have a political mandate (in addition to the formal legal mandate) to enforce the law and the capacity to do so; and employers and employees must also decide to participate and to pay contributions. In order to support enforcement of the law in such elective systems, it is necessary to engage with all these different key stakeholders, i.e. government, enforcement agencies, employers and employees (and of course employer and employee representative organisations). This paper suggests that while many existing studies have correctly identified factors relation to non-enforcement (or partial enforcement) of mandatory coverage, they have incorrectly assumed that such lack of implementation is due to a failure to enforce rather than a decision not do so. Therefore, measures to improve enforcement have focussed on ‘technical’ issues such as capacity and information. While these are important factors, it is argued that the political economy reasons why states and employers elect not to enforce the law needs to be recognised and such enforcement measures need to be set in the appropriate policy context. |
| Keywords: | Social insurance; social protection; political economy; Eat Asia, South-east Asia, China |
| JEL: | H55 I38 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114078&r= |
| By: | Diao, Xinshen; Dorosh, Paul A.; Pauw, Karl; Thurlow, James; Pradesha, Angga |
| Abstract: | Global food, fuel, and fertilizer prices have risen rapidly in recent months, driven in large part by the fallout from the ongoing war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed on Russia. Other factors, such as export bans, have also contributed to rising prices. Palm oil and wheat prices increased by 56 and 100 percent in real terms, respectively, between June 2021 and April 2022, with most of the increase occurring since February (Figure 1). Wide variation exists across products, with real maize prices increasing by only 11 percent and rice prices declining by 13 percent. The price of crude oil and natural gas has also risen substantially, while the weighted average price of fertilizer has doubled. With these changes in global prices, many developing countries and their development partners are concerned about the implications for economic stability, food security, and poverty. |
| Keywords: | PHILIPPINES, SOUTH EAST ASIA, ASIA, Ukraine, poverty, food security, armed conflicts, crises, prices, shock, agrifood systems, equality, diet, commodities, fertilizers |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gccbrf:19&r= |
| By: | Bright A. Gyamfi (Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey); Asiedu B. Ampomah (Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey); Festus V. Bekun (Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Understanding the role of information communication and technology (ICT) in environmental issues stemming from extensive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the process of economic development is worthwhile both from policy and scholarly fronts. Motivated on this premise, the study contributes to the rising studies associated with the roles economic growth, institutional quality and information and communication technology (ICT) have on CO2emissionin the framework of the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) on climate convention in Paris. Obtaining data from the emerging industrialized seven (E7) economies (China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Mexico, Brazil and Turkey) covering annual frequency from 1995 –2016 for our analysis achieved significant outcome. From the empirical analysis, economic globalization and renewable energy consumption both reduce CO2 emissions while ICT, institutional quality and fossil fuel contribute to the degradation of the environment. This study affirms the presence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) phenomenon which shows an invented U-Shaped curve within the E7 economies. On the causality front, both income and its square have a feedback causal relationship with carbon emissions while economic globalization, institutional quality, ICT and clean energy all have a one-way directional causal relationship with CO2 emissions. Conclusively, the need to reduce environmental degradation activities should be pursued by the blocs such as tree planting activities to mitigate the effect of deforestation. Furthermore, the bloc should shift from the use of fossil-fuel and leverage on ICT to enhance the use of clean energy which is environmentally friendly. |
| Keywords: | ICT; environmental sustainability; institutional quality; renewable energy transition; carbon-reduction; economic globalization, panel econometrics; E7 economies |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:22/052&r= |
| By: | Bright A. Gyamfi (Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey); Asiedu B. Ampomah (Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey); Festus V. Bekun (Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Understanding the role of information communication and technology (ICT) in environmental issues stemming from extensive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the process of economic development is worthwhile both from policy and scholarly fronts. Motivated on this premise, the study contributes to the rising studies associated with the roles economic growth, institutional quality and information and communication technology (ICT) have on CO2emissionin the framework of the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) on climate convention in Paris. Obtaining data from the emerging industrialized seven (E7) economies (China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Mexico, Brazil and Turkey) covering annual frequency from 1995 –2016 for our analysis achieved significant outcome. From the empirical analysis, economic globalization and renewable energy consumption both reduce CO2 emissions while ICT, institutional quality and fossil fuel contribute to the degradation of the environment. This study affirms the presence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) phenomenon which shows an invented U-Shaped curve within the E7 economies. On the causality front, both income and its square have a feedback causal relationship with carbon emissions while economic globalization, institutional quality, ICT and clean energy all have a one-way directional causal relationship with CO2 emissions. Conclusively, the need to reduce environmental degradation activities should be pursued by the blocs such as tree planting activities to mitigate the effect of deforestation. Furthermore, the bloc should shift from the use of fossil-fuel and leverage on ICT to enhance the use of clean energy which is environmentally friendly. |
| Keywords: | ICT; environmental sustainability; institutional quality; renewable energy transition; carbon-reduction; economic globalization, panel econometrics; E7 economies |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:22/052&r= |
| By: | Sheilla Nyasha; Nicholas M. Odhiambo |
| Abstract: | In this study, the key determinants of tourism development in three study countries – South Africa, Brazil and Vietnam – have been examined for the period from 1995 to 2018. Despite the growing empirical literature on the determinants of tourism development from a number of countries, these countries have remained understudied. The study uses two proxies, namely: tourism revenue (TR) and the number of international tourist arrivals (TA), to measure the level of tourism development. Using the ARDL bounds-testing approach, the findings of the study have shown that the determinants of tourism development differ from country to country and over time. In addition, the study shows that the determinants depend on the proxy used to measure the level of tourism development. Overall, the study found that the positive drivers of tourism in these countries are tourist disposable income, financial development, trade openness and political stability, while the negative drivers include exchange rate, price level and carbon emissions. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afa:wpaper:aesriwp24&r= |
| By: | Bhadrakom, Chayada; Boughton, Duncan; Kitchaicharoen, Jirawan; Napasintuwong, Orachos; Saiyut, Pakapon; Satsue, Palakorn; Punjatewakupt, Piyawong; Suebpongsang, Pornsiri; Yotapakdee, Teeka; Satimanon, Thasanee |
| Abstract: | The conference focused on the key role of research evidence for the design of policy and institutional innovations that accelerate the transformation to healthier, more sustainable, equitable, and resilient food systems. Research offers many important contributions to achieve the SDGs. It generates the basic inputs for innovations, i.e. policy and institutional innovations (incl. social and business innovations) as well as technology-based innovations to catalyze, support, and accelerate food systems transformation. Second, research assesses targets and actions by understanding the impliciations of various development pathways (for instance through quantitative analyses and food systems modeling) as well as assessing impacts ex-post to ensure learning and corrective measures. Taking a food systems approach that draws on expertise and evidence from different research disciplines is necessary to understand how investments and choices in food production, distribution, processing, and consumption determine outcomes related to nutrition, food security, socio-economic welfare, and environmental health. The conference demonstrated that high quality evidence is available even if there are still important gaps that need to be filled. The human and organizational capacity to generate evidence and innovation is also available if we can mobilize the financial resources and regional collaboration to address them. Of course, we must also use evidence to accelerate positive change. This is an important part of the “call to action” of this conference. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2022–03–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miprpb:324027&r= |
| By: | Maulana Harris Muhajir (Neoma Business School) |
| Abstract: | In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, macrofinancial linkages have gained more attention from policymakers as primary issues of financial system stability. A clearer understanding of probability of default (PD) drivers may help predict if a bank will default on its portfolio liabilities. This presentation develops a method to assess a bank's PD based on a multivariate copula distribution to capture nonlinear relationships between variables with complex data structures. Then we use the generalized method of moments (GMM) to observe the relationship between PD to bank performance (bank-specific indicators) and the macroeconomic indicators. Our findings illustrate some critical links between PD and macroeconomic environments. For example, empirical evidence suggests that bank-specific indicators such as the CET 1 ratio, inefficiency ratio, and deposit ratio appear to be negatively and statistically significant to a bank's PD. When we examined the structural and macroeconomic variables, we found that the policy rate, the real exchange rate, economic growth, and the unemployment rate may reduce the PD. We also found that central state-owned banks tend to have a higher risk than other bank groups and that regional state-owned banks in the central region have the greatest likelihood of default. |
| Date: | 2022–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:usug22:10&r= |
| By: | Sagolsem Ramkumar Singh |
| Abstract: | Manipur is a small polyglot state which is more of length than breadth located in the north eastern corner of India. It lies in the north eastern frontier of India between latitude 23.50” and 25.30” North and longitude 93.10” and 94.30” East. The state is surrounded in its north by the state of Nagaland, in the south by Mizoram, in the east by Myanmar and in the west by the state of Assam. The present boundary of Manipur is with an area of 22.327 Sq. km more or less remained fixated since the controversial transfer of Kabaw Valley to Burma in 1834 Key words: Manipur, Polygot State, Manipur own constitution, agreement between King Kiyamba of Manipur and Choupha Khekhomba of Pong in upper Myanmar |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2022-42-09&r= |
| By: | Warabud Suppalarkbunlue; Sartja Duangchaiyoosook; Varunee Khruapradit; Weerachart Kilenthong |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of material incentive motivation on the working memory performance of kindergartners using a large-scale randomized controlled trial covering 7,123 children from 19 provinces of Thailand. This study measures working memory of young children using the digit span task. The first gfinding is that material incentive motivation raises the working memory performance of young children (p |
| Keywords: | Working memory; Material incentive motivation; Extrinsic motivation; Early childhood; School readiness; Skill measurementm |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:187&r= |
| By: | Michael Luca; Elizaveta Pronkina; Michelangelo Rossi |
| Abstract: | We present evidence that discrimination against Asian-American Airbnb users sharply increased at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a DiD approach, we find that hosts with distinctively Asian names experienced a 12 percent decline in guests relative to hosts with distinctively White names. In contrast, we do not see spikes in discrimination against Black or Hispanic hosts. Our results suggest that the rise in anti-Asian sentiment in 2020 translated to discrimination in economic activity, highlighting the ways in which scapegoating minority groups can shape markets. Our results also point to the role of platform design choices in enabling discrimination. |
| JEL: | J15 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30344&r= |
| By: | Gale, Fred; Davis, Eric |
| Abstract: | China limits imports of cotton by a quota and encourages textile manufacturers to purchase cotton from Xinjiang, a relatively remote region where 90 percent of China’s cotton is grown. Nevertheless, 1,581 textile manufacturers applied for a share of the import quota between 2016 and 2022, thereby demonstrating their strong interest in importing cotton. The quota applicants reported that imports comprised about 20 percent of the cotton they used, but a few large companies accounted for a disproportionate amount. About 14 percent of applicants said imported cotton comprised over half of the cotton they used. Multivariate analysis found that applicants in coastal provinces—thousands of miles from Xinjiang—used more imported cotton than similarly sized applicants in other regions. In contrast, textile manufacturers in Xinjiang reported imports constituted less than 2 percent of the cotton they used—and 66 percent reported using no imported cotton. While China’s imports of cotton are projected to gradually increase over the next decade, China’s dominant position in the cotton market appears to be weakening, with U.S. cotton exports shifting to other Asian countries. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022–08–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:323873&r= |
| By: | Jamali, Seyedh Mahboobeh; Nader, Ale Ebrahim; Jamali, Fatemeh |
| Abstract: | The United Nations (UN) has launched several initiatives to promote the role of education in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and set Goal 4 for quality education among other SDGs. The integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) approach is a promising educational framework for sustainable development that improves education quality. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the scientific results of the role of integrated STEM education specifically in improving the quality of education (SDG 4). A hundred and fifty publications, with an increasing trend in the number of documents each year, out of the total number of 74,879 documents related to “education quality” and 5,430 documents related to “STEM education” were chosen from the SCOPUS database. The study analyzes the growth and development of research activities in the area of “STEM education” and “Quality education” as reflected in the publications output in the time span of 27 years from 1993 to 2020. The publication and citation trends, the most frequently used keywords, the most influential authors and journals, and the research hotspots were investigated using VoSviewer and Bibliometrix software. Accordingly, the United States happened to be the most productive country in this field owning two-thirds of the number of publications. The “Science Education” journal is ranked at the top of the highly cited journals. The findings show that topics such as “early childhood education”, “computing education”, and “environmental education” are the main hotspots in the research area of STEM and quality of education. The results of this study will help enhance the understanding of integrated STEM education in improving the quality of education and will support future works in this area. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, Quality of education, STEM education, Education computing, Early childhood education |
| JEL: | I2 I21 I23 |
| Date: | 2021–03–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114214&r= |
| By: | Alberto Gabino Martínez-Hernández (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) |
| Abstract: | Climate change impacts in coastal areas (CA) have exposed coastal ecosystems to unprecedented conditions. System dynamic modelling (SD) has been used as a powerful tool to improve climate change adaptation (CCA) strategies. However, until now there are no review papers that summarize how academic literature that employs SD modelling has addressed CCA in CA. Hence, the main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the art of this field. A systematic literature review was chosen as the main method of analysis, which was complemented with a bibliometric analysis and a categorization of the main contents of the papers selected. Our results suggest that the literature is clustered in three groups: physical or social impacts, water and agriculture management, as well as ecosystem services. Following the classification of key representative risks (KRK) of the IPCC, some topics have been addressed more than others. Most papers focus on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) compared to adaptation to slow onset hazards. Besides, research in developing countries remains scarce, except for the case of Vietnam. One group of models seem to be in an advanced stage or abstract enough to be applied in other areas, whereas another group is better suited for local modelling. Quantitative SD modelling has been preferred compared to qualitative or mixed approaches. Finally, Stella and Vensim seem to be the most popular platforms to run simulations. |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation, Coastal areas, System dynamics modelling, Environmental modelling, Literature review |
| JEL: | C61 C63 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2022.21&r= |