nep-sea New Economics Papers
on South East Asia
Issue of 2022‒05‒16
thirty papers chosen by
Kavita Iyengar
Asian Development Bank

  1. GAMBARAN UMUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA By Amaliah, Nur Indah
  2. GAMBARAN UMUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA By Maharani, Whenny Amelya
  3. Household Vulnerability to Income Shocks in Emerging and Developing Asia: the Case of Cambodia, Nepal and Vietnam By Alessia De Stefani; Athene Laws; Alex Sollaci
  4. Makalah Jenis, Bentuk dan Penjenjangan Koperasi By Aulya, Winda
  5. MAKALAH INDIVIDU(JENIS,BENTUK, DAN CARA PERJENJANGAN KOPERASI) By R, Rizky Amaliyah
  6. JENIS,BENTUK DAN PERJENJANGAN KOPERASI By khasanah, uswatun
  7. Jenis-jenis,Bentuk, Penjenjangan Koperasi By putri, Aulia ananda
  8. MAKALAH JENIS, BENTUK DAN PERJENJANGAN KOPERASI By Haya, Nur Anni
  9. Konsep Dasar Koperasi dan UMKM By Maharani, Whenny Amelya
  10. KOPERASI DAN UMKM By Halim, Ismail
  11. JENIS, BENTUK DAN PENJENJANGAN By , Indi
  12. Gambaran Umum Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia By , Nurhamna
  13. Students' Financial Literacy: Digital Financial Literacy Perspective By Nurhazrina Mat Rahim
  14. Manajemen Koperasi By , Dahlia
  15. Abundance from Abroad: Migrant Income and Long-Run Economic Development By Gaurav Khanna; Emir Murathanoglu; Caroline B. Theoharides; Dean Yang
  16. KOPERASI SYARIAH DAN UMKM By Sari, Nurintan Permata
  17. Clean Energy Access: Gender Disparity, Health, and Labour Supply By Anjali P. Verma; Imelda
  18. KOPERASI SYARIAH DAN UMKM By , Dahlia
  19. Impact of Debt Structure, State Ownership on Business Performance in Energy Enterprises: A Case Study in Vietnam By Hung, Dang Ngoc
  20. Buoyant or Sinking? Tax Revenue Performance and Prospects in Developing Asia By Hill, Samuel; Jinjarak, Yothin; Park, Donghyun
  21. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Indonesia’s Fintech Markets By Sugandi, Eric Alexander
  22. Membangun kepuasan pelanggan melalui mutu pelanggan dan nilai By , Nurhamna
  23. An overview of China's regional trade agreements By Lintunen, Julia
  24. “Earthquake exposure and schooling: impacts and mechanisms” By Khalifany-Ash Shidiqi; Antonio Di Paolo; Álvaro Choi
  25. Financial development, poverty, and human development in the Fintech age: a regional analysis of the Southeast Asian states By Dina Chhorn
  26. Sharing Credit Data While Respecting Privacy—A Digital Platform for Fairer Financing of MSMEs By Duan, Jin-Chuan
  27. Influence of Quality on Manufacturing Processes in Enterprises from the Perspective of Generating Value Added By Yaroslava Kostiuk
  28. The Effects of Increased Trade with China and Vietnam on Workers’ Earnings and Job Security in Korea By Koo, Kyong Hyun
  29. Potential Economic Impact of COVID--Related School Closures By Cohen, Spencer; Chakravarthy, Sumathi; Bharathi, Sindhu; Narayanan, Badri; Park, Cyn-Young
  30. SHARIA MARKETING MANAGEMENT AT "DE BURUAN HOUSE – FOOD AND COFFEE SHOP” By Mohammad, Wily; Maulidiyah, Nabilla Ryca

  1. By: Amaliah, Nur Indah
    Abstract: Bank syariah pada menjalankan usahanya memakai prinsip bebas riba yaitu suatu aktivitas operasional yg tidak membenarkan adanya penerapan bunga, menjadi alternatifnya bank syariah menerapkan sistem profit and loss sharing atau lebih dikenal menggunakan kata profit sharing.
    Date: 2022–04–04
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2jhrf&r=
  2. By: Maharani, Whenny Amelya
    Abstract: Bank Syariah merupakan suatu lembaga keuangan yang berlandaskan sistem Ekonomi Islam, dan dalam melakukan transaksi perbankan tersebut, mengacu pada prinsip profit loss sharing. Di Indonesia sendiri, bank syariah sudah mulai berkembang pesat, apalagi saat Bank Syariah terbukti tidak terpengaruh dampak dari krisis ekonomi. Selain itu, mayoritas penduduk di Indonesia yang menganut agama Islam juga menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong, karena memang beberapa dari mereka pun sudah enggan menggunakan fasilitas kredit bank konvensional yang berlandaskan sistem bunga. Perkembangan bank syariah ini diawali dengan terbitnya Undang-undang Perbankan No.10 tahun 1998, yang isinya tentang terbaginya industri perbankan di Indonesia menjadi dua. Yaitu bank yang berlandaskan sistem bunga atau bank konvensional, dan yang kedua adalah bank dengan berlandaskan sistem bagi hasil atau bank syariah.
    Date: 2022–04–03
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:tmc7b&r=
  3. By: Alessia De Stefani; Athene Laws; Alex Sollaci
    Abstract: We leverage survey data from emerging and developing Asia to highlight different aspects of household vulnerability to income shocks arising from the Covid-19 pandemic: occupation in Cambodia, self-insurance mechanisms in Nepal, and financial leverage in Vietnam. Occupation and ex-ante income levels emerge as the main drivers of vulnerability. We estimate that the pandemic could have placed an additional 6 to 9 percent of the population of each country in a vulnerable position, with the impact concentrated on urban, informal, and service sector workers. Government intervention and financial access emerge as key resilience-enhancing mechanisms.
    Keywords: Income shocks; Informality; Covid-19; Developing Asia
    Date: 2022–04–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2022/064&r=
  4. By: Aulya, Winda
    Abstract: Koperasi merupakan salah satu bentuk badan hukum yang sudah lama dikenal di Indonesia. pelopor pengembangan perkoperasian di Indonesia adalah Bung Hatta dan sampai saat ini beliau dikenal sebagai bapak koperasi Indonesia. Menurut Kasmir (2018: 252) “Koperasi adalah badan usaha dengan kepemilikan dan pemakai jasa merupakan anggota dari koperasi itu sendiri serta pengawasannya pun dilakukan oleh mereka yang menggunakan jasa/pelayanan badan usaha itu (Richard Kohl dan Abrahamson)”. Sedangkan, menurut Undang-Undang Perkoperasian Bab 1 pasal 1 tahun 2012 koperasi adalah badan hokum yang didirikan oleh orang perseorangan atau badan hokum koperasi, dengan pemisahan kekayaan para anggotanya sebagai modal untuk menjalankan usaha yang memenuhi aspirasi dan kebutuhan bersama di bidang ekonomi, social, dan budaya sesuai dengan nilai dan prinsip koperasi.
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mqtze&r=
  5. By: R, Rizky Amaliyah
    Abstract: Koperasi merupakan gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan. Koperasi di Indonesia saat ini telah berkembang dengan pesat karena para anggota-anggotanya yang terdiri dari masyarakat umum telah mengetahui manfaat dari pendirian koperasi tersebut, yang dapat membantu perekonomian dan mengembangkan kreatifitas masing-masing anggota.
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vyrdj&r=
  6. By: khasanah, uswatun
    Abstract: Koperasi merupakan bentuk perusahaan organisasi dimana tujuan utama nya bukan mencari keuntungan tetapi mencari kesejahteraan dari anggotanya.Koperasi sebagai perkumpulan untuk kesejahteraan bersama, melakukan usaha dan kegiatan di bidang pemenuhan kebutuhan bersama dari para anggotannya. Koperasi mempunyai peranan yang cukup besar dalam menyusun usaha bersama dari orang-orang yang mempunyai kemampuan ekonomi terbatas. Dalam rangka usaha untuk memajukan kedudukan rakyat yang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi terbatas tersebut, maka Pemerintah Indonesia memperhatikan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perkumpulan-perkumpulan Koperasi. Pemerintah Indonesia sangat berkepentingan dengan Koperasi, karena Koperasi di dalam sistem perekonomian merupakan soko guru. Koperasi di Indonesia belum memiliki kemampuan untuk menjalankan peranannya secara efektif dan kuat. Hal ini disebabkan Koperasi masih menghadapai hambatan struktural dalam penguasaan faktor produksi khususnya permodalan.
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kspg9&r=
  7. By: putri, Aulia ananda
    Abstract: Pada Koperasi syariah dalam kegiatan usahanya bergerak pada bidang simpanan, pembiayaan dan investasi dengan sistem bagi hasil atau lebih dikenal dengan koperasi simpan pinjam dan pembiayaan syariah (KSPPS). Produk-produk yang terdapat di koperasi yaitu mudharabah atau simpanan dengan bagi hasil, murabahah atau jual beli. Sistem operasional yang digunakan berbeda dari koperasi umum, dari sistem konvensional ke sistem syari’ah yang sesuai dengan aturan Islam berdasarkan pengertian dari kementrian koperasi. Koperasi syariah yang telah berkembang sejak beberapa tahun terakhir ini memiliki karakter unik dan spesifik serta memberikan warna bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Karena karakternya, sistem ini dinilai memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan untuk beberapa tahun ke depan. Prospek menjanjikan ini dinilai karena koperasi syariah memiliki fungsi ganda, yaitu fungsi ekonomi dan sosial. Sebagai lembaga keuangan yang berusaha meraup keuntungan dalam fungsi ekonominya, koperasi syariah juga memberdayakan sumber daya manusia dalam fungsi sosialnya. Koperasi juga mampu melakukan penghimpunan dana sosial seperti Zakat, Infaq, Sodakoh dan Wakaf dikutip dalam Insan Koperasi Syariah Indonesia (Ikosindo).
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jgq52&r=
  8. By: Haya, Nur Anni
    Abstract: Dalam pembangunan perekonomian di Indonesia, pemerintah menetapkan bahwa koperasi berperan penting sebagai salah satu pelaku jalannya perekonomian di Indonesia. Kebijakan pemerintah ini sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pasal 33 ayat 1 yang menyatakan bahwa perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasarkan asas kakeluargaan. Dalam penjelasan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 tersebut dijelaskan bahwa pembangun usaha yang sesuai adalah koperasi. Koperasi merupakan bagian dari tata susunan ekonomi, hal ini berarti bahwa dalam kegiatannya Koperasi turut mengambil bagian bagi tercapainya kehidupan ekonomi yang sejahtera, baik bagi orang-orang yang menjadi anggota perkumpulan itu sendiri maupun untuk masyarakat disekitarnya. Adapun jenis-jenis koperasi sangat bervariasi. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian, jenis koperasi dibedakan menjadi lima, yaitu koperasi simpan pinjam, koperasi konsumen, koperasi produsen, koperasi pemasarn, dan koperasi jasa. Kelima koperasi ini memiliki bidang usaha yang berbeda-beda.
    Date: 2022–03–25
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:efmcu&r=
  9. By: Maharani, Whenny Amelya
    Abstract: Koperasi syariah dalam kegiatan usahanya bergerak pada bidang simpanan, pembiayaan dan investasi dengan sistem bagi hasil atau lebih dikenal dengan koperasi simpan pinjam dan pembiayaan syariah (KSPPS). Produk-produk yang terdapat di koperasi yaitu mudharabah atau simpanan dengan bagi hasil, murabahah atau jual beli. Sistem operasional yang digunakan berbeda dari koperasi umum, dari sistem konvensional ke sistem syari’ah yang sesuai dengan aturan Islam berdasarkan pengertian dari kementrian koperasi.Koperasi syariah yang telah berkembang sejak beberapa tahun terakhir ini memiliki karakter unik dan spesifik serta memberikan warna bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Karena karakternya, sistem ini dinilai memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan untuk beberapa tahun ke depan. Prospek menjanjikan ini dinilai karena koperasi syariah memiliki fungsi ganda, yaitu fungsi ekonomi dan sosial. Sebagai lembaga keuangan yang berusaha meraup keuntungan dalam fungsi ekonominya, koperasi syariah juga memberdayakan sumber daya manusia dalam fungsi sosialnya. Koperasi juga mampu melakukan penghimpunan dana sosial seperti Zakat, Infaq, Sodakoh dan Wakaf dikutip dalam Insan Koperasi Syariah Indonesia (Ikosindo).
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:t7hrp&r=
  10. By: Halim, Ismail
    Abstract: Koperasi & UMKM adalah bagian integral global bisnis nasional, memiliki kedudukan, potensi, & peranan yg sangat krusial & strategis pada mewujudkan tujuan pembangunan ekonomi dan memecahkan perkara ekonomi dalam khususnya. Berbagai cara sudah dipakai insan buat memecahkan permasahan ekonomi yg sudah dihadapi keliru satunya merupakan koperasi. Koperasi merupakan badan bisnis yg beranggotakan orang seseorang atau badan aturan koperasi menggunakan melandaskan kegiatannya dari prinsip koperasi sekaligus menjadi gerakan ekonomi warga yg dari atas asas kekeluargaan, bisa berperan pada proses pemerataan & peningkatan pendapatan warga dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi & berperan pada mewujudkan stabilitas nasional dalam biasanya & stabilitas ekonomi dalam khususnya. Koperasi merupakan wadah bagi kelompok masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya dan berusaha meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. untuk membantu debitur kepada rentenir. Koperasi tersebut kemudian dibantu perkembangannya oleh pejabat Belanda dan akhirnya menjadi program resmi pemerintah Belanda. Selama tahun 1933-an, koperasi Syariah tumbuh pesat, dengan pemerintah kolonial Belanda khawatir jika koperasi menjadi pusat perlawanan, koperasi pada akhirnya akan dibatasi. Pada tanggal 12 Juli 1947, gerakan koperasi Indonesia mengadakan Kongres Koperasi yang pertama di Tasikmalaya, dan tanggal tersebut ditetapkan sebagai Hari Koperasi Indonesia.
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mkd82&r=
  11. By: , Indi
    Abstract: Lembaga keuangan sangat dibutuhkan bagi masyarakat pada umumnya, khususnya koperasi yang banyak muncul ditengah masyarakat, fungsi koperasi sendiri sudah dirasakan sejak dulu dengan konsep perbankkan baik yang berbentuk syariah maupun konvensional. Selain itu, sector usaha kecil dan menengah juga memainkan peran penting dalam pembangunandan berkontribusi besar pada pembangunan Negara-negara berkembang. Salah satu contonhnya yaitu hamper 90% penduduk Indonesia bergelut dalam aktivits ekonomi disekotor usaha mikro kecil dan menengah dan 70% dibidang pertanian. Dari sini dapat dilihat bahwa UKM menjadi patokan utama pemerintah untuk membasmi kemiskinan agar kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat tercapai. Pembangunan di sector UMKM sangat erat dengan ekonomi kerakyatan karena terdapat system ekonomi kekuatan rakyat didalamnya. Pembangunan ekonomi sejatinya berorientasi terhadap rakyat yang melahirkan ketahanan disegala bidang.
    Date: 2022–03–27
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ep4w5&r=
  12. By: , Nurhamna
    Abstract: Perbankan syariah di Indonesia semakin berkembang seiring dengan berkembangnya pertumbuhan penduduk yang berpenduduk mayoritas beragama islam. Perbankan syariah menjadi alternatif sistem perbankan yang memiliki berbagai macam produk dan pelayanan yang beragam akan siklus operasionalnya serta memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan profit menjadi indikator penting untuk keberlanjutan entitas bisnis dan untuk mengukur kemampuan bersaing dalam jangka panjang. Bank syariah adalah bank yang beroperasi dengan tidak mengandalkan bunga. Kedudukan bank syariah dengan para nasabahnya adalah sebagai mitra investor dan pedagang. Pada prinsipnya, Bank Syariah adalah sama dengan perbankan konvensional, yaitu sebagai instrumen intermediasi yang menerima dana dari orang-orang yang surplus dana (dalam bentuk penghimpunan dana) dan menyalurkannya kepada pihak yang membutuhkan (dalam bentuk produk pelemparan dana). Bank syariah menggunakan berbagai teknik dan metode investasi, dimana kontrak hubungan investasi antara bank syariah dengan para nasabahnya disebut dengan istilah pembiayaan. Dalam perbankan, pembiayaan mempunyai peranan penting terutama untuk menyalurkan dana kepada masyarakat untuk menghadapi masalah dan atau modal kerja terutama untuk
    Date: 2022–04–14
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ekfdb&r=
  13. By: Nurhazrina Mat Rahim (Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Norli Ali Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Mohd Fairuz Adnan Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:)
    Abstract: " Objective - This study aims to assess students' financial literacy levels using digital financial literacy (DFL), the most recent element. Methodology – Students who are based in Selangor, Malaysia, were chosen for this study as they recorded a high rate of youth bankruptcy. Convenience sampling was used to distribute the questionnaires among the students between March and August of 2021, where a total of 184 responses were retrieved. Findings and Novelty – The results indicated that students possessed advanced financial knowledge and confidence. Despite the extensive experience in completing online financial transactions, the students lack digital financial knowledge and an understanding of the risks associated with digital financial services. Therefore, including DFL in financial education is essential to ensuring future generations' financial well-being. This study also adds to the limited literature on financial digital literacy and serves as an eye-opener to policymakers on its importance in financial education. Type of Paper - Empirical"
    Keywords: Financial literacy, financial confidence, Digital financial literacy, Digital financial knowledge, Students
    JEL: I22 M29 O16
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr195&r=
  14. By: , Dahlia
    Abstract: Koperasi merupakan sebuah lembaga keuangan yang cukup populer di Indonesia, terutama di kalangan masyarakat bawah dan menengah. Koperasi utamanya mulai populer semenjak era Presiden Suharto. Menurut UU No. 25/1992, Koperasi didefinisikan sebagai: “Badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang seorang, atau Badan Hukum Koperasi, dengan melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan azas kekeluargaan”. Sedangkan Moh. Hatta, yang notabene merupakan Bapak Koperasi Indonesia, mendefinisikan Koperasi sebagai berikut : “Koperasi adalah usaha bersama untuk memperbaiki nasib penghidupan ekonomi berdasarkan tolong menolong”. Sedangkan manajemen adalah Guna mencapai tujuan Koperasi, perlu diperhatikan adanya sistim Manajemen yang baik. Sedangkan ketika kita berbicara tentang manajemen koperasi, selain definisi atau makna dari koperasi, maka kita perlu tahu arti kata manajemen. Dalam literatur banyak cara orang mendefinisikan manajemen. Meskipun berbeda-beda di dalam mendefinisikan pengertian manajemen pada umumnya mereka menyetujui unsur dasar dan tujuan yang sama dari manajemen. G. Terry mendefinisikan bahwa : “Manajemen adalah suatu proses tertentu yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan penggunaan suatu ilmu dan seni yang bersama-sama menyelesaikan tugas untuk mencapai tujuan”. Lebih lanjut G. Terry menjelaskan fungsi-fungsi Manajemen sebagai berikut: a. Planning (Perencanaan) b. Organizing (Pengorganisasian) c. Actuating (Penggerakan untuk bekerja) d. Controlling (Pengawasan/Pengendalian)
    Date: 2022–04–13
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:baz36&r=
  15. By: Gaurav Khanna; Emir Murathanoglu; Caroline B. Theoharides; Dean Yang
    Abstract: How does income from international migrant labor affect the long-run development of migrant-origin areas? We leverage the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis to identify exogenous changes in international migrant income across regions of the Philippines, derived from spatial variation in exposure to exchange rate shocks. The initial shock to migrant income is magnified in the long run, leading to substantial increases in income in the domestic economy in migrant-origin areas; increases in population education; better-educated migrants; and increased migration in high-skilled jobs. Four-fifths of long-run income gains are actually from domestic (rather than international migrant) income. A simple structural model yields insights on mechanisms and magnitudes, in particular that one-fifth of long-run income gains are due to increased educational investments in origin areas. Increased income from international labor migration not only benefits migrants themselves, but also fosters long-run economic development in migrant-origin areas.
    JEL: F22 J24 O15 O16
    Date: 2022–03
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29862&r=
  16. By: Sari, Nurintan Permata
    Abstract: Koperasi syariah adalah salah satu gerombolan swadaya rakyat yang bertujuan menjadi forum ekonomi warga buat membuatkan bisnis-bisnis produktif dan investasi dan menaikkan tingkat hidup menggunakan berdasar dalam prinsip syariah. Sedangkan, UMKM merupakan suatu bisnis atau usaha yang pelakunya perorangan, perkelompok, ataupun badan bisnis. Penggolongan pada UMKM terbagi tergantung dalam penghasilan atau aset yang dimiliki setiap tahunnya. Serta UMKM terbagi sebagai tiga bagian, yakni (mikro, mini , dan menengah).Pemberdayaan bisnis mikro, mini dan menengah (UMKM) dan Koperasi syariah adalah langkah yang strategis pada menaikkan dan memperkuat dasar kehidupan perekonomian berdasarkan sebagian terbesar warga Indonesia, khususnya melalui penyediaan lapangan kerja dan mengurangi kesenjangan dan taraf kemiskinan. Dengan demikian upaya buat memberdayakan UMKM wajib terencana, sistematis dan menyeluruh baik dalam tataran makro, meso dan mikro sinkron menggunakan prinsip syariah.
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yvbme&r=
  17. By: Anjali P. Verma (The University of Texas at Austin); Imelda (IHEID, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva)
    Abstract: Women bear a disproportionate share of the health and time burden associated with lack of access to modern energy. We study the impact of clean energy access on adult health and labour supply outcomes by exploiting a nationwide rollout of a clean cooking fuel program in Indonesia. We find that access to clean cooking fuel led to an improvement in women's health and an increase in their work hours. We also find an increase in men's work hours and in their propensity to have an additional job, primarily in those households where women accrued the largest program benefits.
    Keywords: gender inequality; energy access; health; labour supply; Indonesia
    JEL: H51 I15 I18 J22 O13 Q48 Q53
    Date: 2022–05–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gii:giihei:heidwp11-2022&r=
  18. By: , Dahlia
    Abstract: Koperasi syariah merupakan kelompok swadaya masyarakat menjadi forum ekonomi rakyat yang berupaya mengembangkan bisnis-bisnis produktif & investasi menggunakan berdasar prinsip syariah. Keberadaan koperasi syariah dengan jumlah yang signifikan pada beberapa daerah pada Indonesia nir didukung sang faktor-faktor pendukung yang memungkinkan forum mikro ini untuk terus berkembang & berjalan menggunakan baik. Fakta yang terdapat pada lapangan memberitahukan poly koperasi syariah yang karam & bubar. Dengan melihat fenomena pada atas ,perkembangan koperasi syariah dipandang belum sepenuhnya sanggup menjawab duduk perkara real ekonomi yang terdapat pada kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini ditimbulkan sang beberapa faktor antara lain, belum memadainya sumber daya insan yang terdidik & profesional, menyangkut manajemen asal daya insan & pengembangan budaya serta jiwa wirausaha bangsa kita yang masih lemah, Permodalan (dana) yang nisbi mini & terbatas, adanya ambivalensi antara konsep syariah pengelolaan LKMS dengan operasionalisasi di lapangan, taraf agama yang masih rendah berdasarkan umat Islam & secara akademik belum terumuskan dengan sempurna untuk mengembangkan forum keuangan syariah dengan cara sistematis & proporsional. Kompleksitas problem tadi mengakibatkan imbas terhadap agama warga tentang eksistensi koperasi syariah diantara lembaga keuangankonvensional.
    Date: 2022–04–13
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kcqw7&r=
  19. By: Hung, Dang Ngoc
    Abstract: This study examines the impact of debt structure and the interaction of state ownership on business performance of energy enterprises in Vietnam's stock exchange. Data in the study were collected in the period 2009-2020 with 665 observations, the estimated results by the GLS regression model show that short-term debt and long-term debt have a negative impact on business performance when measured by ROA and Tobin's Q. In energy enterprises in Vietnam, the state often holds the dominant stock, so in this study, we consider the impact of the interaction margin of state ownership, this study finds that the interaction of state ownership and short-term debt have a positive effect on business performance measured by ROA. In addition, the study also looks into control variables, namely firm size, liquidity ratio and asset structure that have a positive impact on business performance. We provide some recommendations to improve capital structure and business performance: Energy companies need to build an optimal capital structure to maximize business value; Investors can quantify the model to decide whether or not to invest or how much to invest in an energy business; The government needs to look into and consider holding a controlling stake in energy enterprises that are really necessary and bring good business results.
    Date: 2022–03–01
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nhp8v&r=
  20. By: Hill, Samuel (World Bank); Jinjarak, Yothin (Asian Development Bank); Park, Donghyun (Asian Development Bank)
    Abstract: How did developing Asian economies perform with respect to tax revenue mobilization before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic? An analysis of data from developing Asia suggests that both short-run and long-run tax buoyancies, a measure of how tax revenue responds to gross domestic product (GDP), were close to one before COVID-19, which is indicative of fiscal sustainability. COVID-19 had a negative impact on the region’s GDP and thus its tax base, and spurred significant fiscal stimulus including tax measures. At a regional level, the pandemic subtracted a tenth of a percentage point from tax revenue growth after controlling for changes in GDP. Using estimated economy-level tax buoyancy coefficients, a counterfactual analysis is undertaken to estimate excess tax revenue losses in 2020 because of COVID-19. The average GDP-weighted excess tax revenue loss is about half a percentage point of pre-pandemic GDP.
    Keywords: tax collection; business cycles; pandemic crisis
    JEL: E32 H12 H20 H71
    Date: 2022–05–06
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0656&r=
  21. By: Sugandi, Eric Alexander (Asian Development Bank Institute)
    Abstract: We investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the large-scale social distancing (PSBB) policy on Indonesia’s financial technology (fintech) markets. We also elaborate on the roles fintech companies can play in the national economic recovery. We find that Indonesia’s fintech markets were relatively resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic did not have significant impacts on Indonesia’s fintech markets, but the PSBB harmed phone banking, mobile banking, and internet banking transaction values as well as peer-to-peer (P2P) fintech lending. Nevertheless, the PSBB increased electronic money transactions. The relatively short PSBB period prevented the restrictions on economic activities from imposing too much damage on the fintech markets. The Indonesian authorities involved the fintech industry as a component of the national economic recovery program (PEN), particularly the pre-employment card (Kartu Prakerja) program. There are still many areas in which the government can utilize the fintech industry for economic recovery, including direct cash transfers to poor households and extensions of subsidized loans for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs).
    Keywords: fintech; Indonesia; MSMEs
    JEL: G23 G29 O33 O39
    Date: 2021–08
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1281&r=
  22. By: , Nurhamna
    Abstract: Perbankan syariah di Indonesia semakin berkembang seiring dengan berkembangnya pertumbuhan penduduk yang berpenduduk mayoritas beragama islam. Perbankan syariah menjadi alternatif sistem perbankan yang memiliki berbagai macam produk dan pelayanan yang beragam akan siklus operasionalnya serta memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan profit menjadi indikator penting untuk keberlanjutan entitas bisnis dan untuk mengukur kemampuan bersaing dalam jangka panjang. Bank syariah adalah bank yang beroperasi dengan tidak mengandalkan bunga. Kedudukan bank syariah dengan para nasabahnya adalah sebagai mitra investor dan pedagang. Pada prinsipnya, Bank Syariah adalah sama dengan perbankan konvensional, yaitu sebagai instrumen intermediasi yang menerima dana dari orang-orang yang surplus dana (dalam bentuk penghimpunan dana) dan menyalurkannya kepada pihak yang membutuhkan (dalam bentuk produk pelemparan dana). Bank syariah menggunakan berbagai teknik dan metode investasi, dimana kontrak hubungan investasi antara bank syariah dengan para nasabahnya disebut dengan istilah pembiayaan. Dalam perbankan, pembiayaan mempunyai peranan penting terutama untuk menyalurkan dana kepada masyarakat untuk menghadapi masalah dan atau modal kerja terutama untuk
    Date: 2022–04–14
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9gv4t&r=
  23. By: Lintunen, Julia
    Abstract: Since becoming a WTO member in 2001, China has negotiated numerous regional trade agreements with astonishing speed. This paper provides an overview of China's current free trade agreements and examines the economic importance of two major Asian regional trade agreements for China. The academic literature often treats China's free trade agreements as driven more by political, rather than economic, interests. The agreements are seen as shallow and concluded with minor economic partners. In fact, China's approach to trade agreements has evolved over time and cumulative impact of these agreements has been positive for trade between China and its agreement partners. The recently concluded Asian regional free trade agreement, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), should positively influence trade for both China and other participating Asian countries. China could also benefit economically from joining the other major regional trade agreement, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).
    Keywords: trade policy,free trade agreements,RCEP,CPTPP
    Date: 2021
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bofitb:12021&r=
  24. By: Khalifany-Ash Shidiqi (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and University of Barcelona); Antonio Di Paolo (AQR-IREA, University of Barcelona); Álvaro Choi (University of Barcelona)
    Abstract: Natural disasters are a significant threat to human development. In this paper, we analyze the effects of being exposed to a strong earthquake during school age on schooling outcomes. We merge geolocated data about the intensity of the shock at the district level with individual information from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. The identification strategy exploits variation in exposure to the natural shock by birth cohort and district of residence, considering as the treated group individuals who were residing in affected districts while they were in school age. Earthquake exposure reduces years of schooling by somewhat less than one year and negatively affects the probability of completing compulsory education but does not alter the chances of enrolling into postcompulsory education. Falsification analysis and several robustness checks corroborate the causal interpretation of our findings. The analysis of the potential mechanisms indicates that induced migration and casualties occurring at the family level as a consequence of the earthquake do not seem to play a relevant role. However, damages in educational infrastructures do represent a relevant channel through which natural disasters harm human capital formation. Part of the overall impact of the earthquake represents a delay in schooling progression, but a substantial share of its effect consists in a permanent loss of human capital among affected individuals..
    Keywords: Natural disasters, Earthquake, Schooling, Educational infrastructures. JEL classification: I25, I24, O15, Q54
    Date: 2022–05
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aqr:wpaper:202204&r=
  25. By: Dina Chhorn (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)
    Abstract: This paper examines the effect of financial development in the Fintech age, measured by broad money, domestic credit, and mobile money, on poverty and human development in the Southeast Asian economies. Using unbalanced longitudinal dataset (1990-2017), the findings suggest that broad money and domestic credit contribute to poverty reduction and promote human development. The role of mobile money is seen to have a statistically positive impact only if we analyse it with human development. Additionally, when we take a closer look at the different stage of economic, political and institutional development in this region, we found that the positive effect of broad money and domestic credit is mostly found only in the less developed and less democratic countries. The mobile money, on the other hand, is found to statistically promote the human development in both groups of countries, but there is no statistical relationship for poverty analysis. To avoid the endogeneity bias driven by the fact that the variables in the analysis are not exogenous, the paper uses the instrumental variables and two-stage least squares for panel-data estimations, taking from the economic literature on the role of financial development in developing countries. In doing so, along with additional statistical tests of subsample analysis of political and institutional factors and higher- and lower-income countries, the results confirm the robustness in the analysis.
    Keywords: Financial development,Fintech,poverty,human development
    Date: 2021
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03572473&r=
  26. By: Duan, Jin-Chuan (Asian Development Bank Institute)
    Abstract: Lending institutions’ reluctance to lend to MSMEs or to offer them competitive interest rates stems from the relatively costly information acquisition for small loans. The central idea is to bridge the information gap between the demand and the supply side by creating a credit analytics sharing infrastructure through federated learning, which completely respects data privacy. Pooling credit information across multiple lending institutions, particularly rare default events, enables the construction of a more informative credit model for MSMEs, which can then serve as a common good among lenders. The technology also allows for lender-specific models, which in essence share the model’s parameters on the common prediction variables while differing in their respective alternative data fields. The lenders in the MSME space can work like a coopetition and continue to compete with their varying risk appetites, loan rates, and banking services. We use real MSME credit data to demonstrate the feasibility of the sharing technology and to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic via a portfolio that we assembled from four hypothetical banks operating in six ASEAN countries.
    Keywords: COVID-19; coopetition; alternative data; federated learning; default
    JEL: C10 C80 G21
    Date: 2021–08
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1280&r=
  27. By: Yaroslava Kostiuk (University of Zilina, Department of Economics, Univerzitna 8215/1, 01026 Zilina, Slovak Republic Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:)
    Abstract: "Objective - In the current dynamic and competitive business environment, in the age of Industry 4.0, implementation of the overall quality management enables enterprises to expand their markets and at the same time to adjust to new conditions of global trade. The objective of the paper submitted is to determine the impact of qualitative processes in the manufacturing environment on the process added value and added value for customers. Methodology – In the research, the method of Value Stream Map (VSM) was used, and the extended method of Quality Value Stream Map (QVSM). The research was focused on manufacturing operations, where the emphasis is put on the parameter of quality in a model enterprise environment in the sector of mass production. Findings – The main output of the research was to determine the parameters which significantly affect the corporate manufacturing process in terms of its quality. The research also aimed to create a current Value Stream Map identifying the key manufacturing operations, in which quality contributes most to the creation of value-added. Findings and Novelty – Empirical results indicate that there is a difference between the analysis of the process added value and the analysis of added value for customers. It has been confirmed that at the time of Industry 4.0, SMEs still underestimate the importance of quality-related activities compared to large enterprises. It has been found that quality-related operations as such participate indirectly in the generation of added value in the manufacturing process but optimization and innovation of quality-related activities within the manufacturing process may indirectly add value to the main (value-generating) processes. Type of Paper - Empirical"
    Keywords: Quality Value Stream Map, Value Stream Map, Quality Management, Added Value For The Customer, Production Process
    JEL: M2 O3 R1
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr194&r=
  28. By: Koo, Kyong Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP))
    Abstract: The Ukrainian crisis and Russia-U.S. conflict can provide important policy implications for South Korea. This is especially true in that the external environments of Ukraine and the Korean Peninsula, which are located between great powers, share many similarities. In addition, and more importantly, this event will inevitably have a huge impact on the global economic and security order. This crisis is related to the continued geopolitical competition between the United States and Russia, the strengthening of the Atlantic alliance between the United States and the European Union, the increase in NATO’s future role and status in the European security order, Russia’s challenge to building the European security order, and the change in relations between Russia and the West. Considering the above, the policy implications for the Ukrainian crisis and Russia-U.S. conflict can be summarized as follows. First, there is a possibility that a so-called “new Cold War” confrontational structure will be formed on the Korean Peninsula. Second, the crisis in Ukraine could have a negative impact on North Korea’s denuclearization process. Third, the crisis in Ukraine and Russia-
    Keywords: Ukrainian Crisis; Russia-U.S. Conflict; Korean Peninsula
    Date: 2022–04–12
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2022_015&r=
  29. By: Cohen, Spencer (High Peak Strategy); Chakravarthy, Sumathi (Infinite Sum Modelling LLC); Bharathi, Sindhu (Infinite Sum Modelling LLC); Narayanan, Badri (Infinite Sum Modelling LLC); Park, Cyn-Young (Asian Development Bank)
    Abstract: Severe disruptions in school education during the coronavirus disease (COVID–19) pandemic has impacted children through their formative years which will affect their employment opportunities and earning potential for many years after school ages. This paper examines the medium-to-long-term economic scarring effects, using data available through the Global Trade Analysis Project, a computable general equilibrium model, with empirical study focusing on the impact of school closures on economic growth and employment. The estimated results show significant declines in global gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. Moreover, the losses in global GDP and employment increase over time. Declines in global GDP amount to 0.19% in 2024, 0.64% in 2028, and 1.11% in 2030. In absolute terms, the cost to the global economy in 2030 alone is $943 billion. The scarring effects are greater in economies with significant student populations from rural areas, those in the poorest and second wealth quintile. Learning and earning losses are also significant in economies where the share of unskilled labor employment in the overall labor force is high.
    Keywords: school closure; labor productivity; economic growth; employment
    JEL: I25 J24 P46
    Date: 2022–05–13
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0657&r=
  30. By: Mohammad, Wily; Maulidiyah, Nabilla Ryca (PT Chishiki NoHikari Indonesia)
    Abstract: This research aims to find out how Islamic marketing values are carried out at the cafe, how the SWOT matrix is at the cafe, and how Islamic marketing recommendations are for the cafe. The problems and research focus in this study are described using a qualitative descriptive approach. This research relies on primary data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research are: 1. Islamic marketing values are carried out at the cafe, because the company has handled all aspects of Islamic marketing, including theistic (rabbaniyah), ethical (akhlaqiyyah), realistic (al-waqi'yyah), and humanistic (al-insaniyyah). 2. SWOT analysis has been made based on four parts of the matrix, namely Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat. 3. Various suggestions were obtained for future improvements and further development, based on Islamic marketing and technological updates.
    Date: 2022–03–26
    URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:t8uxa&r=

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