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on South East Asia |
| By: | Tiet, Tuyen; Nguyen-Van, Phu; Pham, Thi Kim Cuong; Stenger, Anne; To-The, Nguyen; Boun My, Kene; Nguyen, Huy |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:313946&r= |
| By: | Nguyen, Cuong Viet; Nguyen, Khuong Duc; Tran, Tuyen Quang |
| Abstract: | Our study uses a small area estimation method to estimate the average and inequality of per capita kWh consumption for small areas in Vietnam. It shows evidence of a large spatial heterogeneity in the electric power consumption between districts and provinces in Vietnam. Households in the mountains and highlands consumed remarkably less electricity than those in the delta and coastal areas. Notably, we find a U-shaped relationship between the inequality of electricity consumption and economic levels in Vietnam. In poor districts and provinces, there is very high inequality in electricity consumption. Inequality is lower in middle-income districts and provinces. |
| Keywords: | Electricity consumption,Energy inequality,Economic growth,Small area estimation,Vietnam |
| JEL: | O13 Q43 D63 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:945&r= |
| By: | Moritz Breul; Thi Xuan Thu Nguyen; |
| Abstract: | Economic diversification is perceived as imperative to reduce resource-dependent economies’ vulnerability to a broader resource curse. Despite its importance, we know surprisingly little about the relationship between natural resource-dependence and economic diversification. The few insights that exist, remain on a country-level. But, since the importance of natural resource extraction differs across regions in the same country, it would be odd to assume that the effects of extractive industries on the diversification performance would be felt evenly countrywide. Also, extractive regions in the same country can manage to develop new non-extractive industries with varying success. Understanding this relationship on a regional level is important in order to identify conditions under which diversification of extractive regions is likely to materialize. This paper therefore aims to bring the study of the relationship between extractive industries and diversification to a regional level. To this end, we analyze how the regional importance of extractive industries has affected the entrance of non-extractive industries to Vietnamese provinces between 2006 and 2010. Furthermore, the study investigates to what extent region-specific conditions – that is the regional industrial profile and institutions - moderate the effect of the regional presence of extractive industries on regional diversification. Our findings reveal that extractive industries tend to constrain non-extractive industry entries on a regional level. However, the results also show that adequate regional institutions can moderate this negative effect on the regional diversification performance. Thereby the study underlines the need and value of studying the relationship between extractive industries and diversification also on a regional level. |
| Keywords: | Regional diversification, extractive industries, resource curse, relatedness, regional institutions, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2129&r= |
| By: | Jiranyakul, Komain |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the influence of crude oil price on inflation in eight Asian and two of the pacific economies, which are oil-importing countries. The period of investigation is from 1987M5 to 2019M12. The results of bounds testing for cointegration reveal that there is a stable positive long-run relationship between the consumer price index and crude oil price in most of these countries during the period of low and less fluctuating oil prices. However, the stable long-run relationship is found in eight countries, but this stable relationship is found only in one country during the period of high and more fluctuating oil prices. The long-run pass-through of crude oil prices to consumer prices is partial. In the short run, the relationship between a crude oil price change and inflation indicates that the short-run pass-through is low in most cases, but this pass-through is more apparent during the period of high and more fluctuating oil prices. Therefore, the structural break seems to matter in the pass-through of crude oil price to consumer prices in both the long and short run. The findings suggest accommodative monetary policy measures to alleviate the inflation rate. |
| Keywords: | Crude oil price, inflation rate, structural break, oil-importing countries |
| JEL: | Q43 |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110032&r= |
| By: | Randall Akee; Sonya R. Porter; Emilia Simeonova |
| Abstract: | Our analysis provides the rst disaggregated examination of earnings inequality and immobility within the Hispanic ethnic group and the Asian race group in the U.S. over the period of 2005-2015. Our analysis differentiates between long-term immigrant and native-born Hispanics and Asians relative to recent immigrants to the U.S. (post 2005) and new labor market entrants. Our results show that for the Asian and Hispanic population aged 18-45, earnings inequality is constant or slightly decreasing for the long-term immigrant and native-born populations. However, including new labor market entrants and recent immigrants to the U.S. contributes significantly to the earnings inequality for these groups at both the aggregate and disaggregated race or ethnic group levels. These findings have important implications for the measurement of inequality for racial and ethnic groups that have higher proportions of new immigrants and new labor market entrants in the U.S. |
| Keywords: | Earnings immobility, earnings inequality, race, ethnicity, data disaggregation |
| JEL: | J1 J61 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:21-30&r= |
| By: | Ariane Sessego; Géraldine Duthé |
| Abstract: | In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the burden of non-communicable diseases is increasing due to the combination of population aging and lifestyle changes. While interest in multimorbidity has been rising to study more precisely the complex morbid processes that adults experience, health data in LMICs are scarce and rarely allow such investigations. Focusing on multimorbidity leading to death, we aim to develop an approach to estimate multiple causes of death using available data. In settings where certification of death by physicians is not available, verbal autopsies (VAs) have been developed to diagnose likely causes of death from information collected via a structured interview with final caregivers about the signs and symptoms leading up to death. With an increasing use of probabilistic models to interpret VAs, we investigate their potential for identifying multiple causes using a database of 72,330 adult deaths (15 and older) from 22 Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites located in Asia and Africa, and detailed VA data from the Ouagadougou HDSS in Burkina Faso (1,700 deaths). The Bayesian model InterVA-4 attributes multiple likely causes to 11% of deaths. However, some combinations result more from uncertain diagnosis than from multimorbidity. Elaborating an index of similarity between causes based on the InterVA’s probability matrix, we aim to differentiate competing causes (uncertainty) from co-occurring causes (multimorbidity). Selecting the most dissimilar associations of causes, we highlight the importance of associations between infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as the burden of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases among the identified multimorbidity. |
| Keywords: | low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), multiple causes of death, multimorbidity, verbal autopsies (VAs), data quality, cause of death estimation methods, Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Indepth data base, Asia, Africa, Burkina Faso, CAUSES MULTIPLES DE DECES / MULTIPLE CAUSES OF DEATH, ASIE / ASIA, AFRIQUE / AFRICA, PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT / DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, METHODE D'ESTIMATION INDIRECTE / INDIRECT ESTIMATION METHODS, SYSTEME DE SUIVI DEMOGRAPHIQUE / DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, MALADIE INFECTIEUSE / INFECTIOUS DISEASES, MORBIDITE / MORBIDITY, STATISTIQUES IMPARFAITES / DEFECTIVE DATA |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idg:wpaper:axvy-7e2kgkzhr-bminy&r= |
| By: | Yao (Alex) Yao (San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92108, USA); Sha Yang (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA); K. Sudhir (Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA) |
| Abstract: | Many fashion companies strategically choose publishers for advertising to target preferred consumers, because such consumers not only generate revenue, they also influence the companies’ brand image. Meanwhile, publishers also select companies because the ads posted by companies affect publishers’ image as well. It is important to jointly model the preferences of firms and publishers in this scenario, because observed advertising is an outcome of mutual selection from both sides. We develop a two-sided matching framework to model advertising as realized from such a two-sided selection process. The preference of a third party (consumers) is embedded in this framework through a consumer product choice model. Applying the proposed model to two unique datasets of fashion brand purchases, magazine readership, and advertising record, we are able to detect magazines and watch brands’ preferences separately. More expensive magazines also prefer more luxurious fashion watch brands. Watch brands prefer magazines with a potential consumer network with more male, well-educated and wealthy readers. Advertising effect is more prominent in terms of consumers’ awareness set formation compared to the brand purchase persuasion in general, but Asian brands can benefit more from advertising at the brand choice stage instead of the awareness formation stage. |
| Keywords: | fashion market, publishers, two-sided matching, consumer network |
| JEL: | M30 L10 D12 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:2107&r= |