|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Trofimov, Ivan D. |
| Abstract: | The previous research tended to examine the effects of the real exchange rate changes on the agricultural trade balance and specifically the J-curve effect (deterioration of the trade balance followed by its improvement) in the developed economies and rarely in the developing ones. In this paper we address this omission and consider the J-curve hypothesis in four South East Asian economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand) over the 1980-2017 period. We employ the linear autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model that captures the dynamic relationships between the variables, and additionally use the non-linear ARDL model that considers the asymmetric effects of the real exchange rate changes. The estimated models were diagnostically sound and the variables were found to be cointegrated. However, with the exceptions of Malaysia, the short- and long-run relationships did not attest to the presence of J-curve effect. The trade flows were affected asymmetrically in Malaysia and the Philippines, suggesting the appropriateness of non-linear ARDL in these countries. |
| Keywords: | J-curve; agriculture; non-linear ARDL; cointegration |
| JEL: | C22 F14 Q17 |
| Date: | 2020–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106701&r=all |
| By: | Nico Alexander (Trisakti School of Management, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Theresia Author-2-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Dewi Kurnia Indrastuti Author-3-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical research on the effect of corporate governance on earnings management in distressed and non-distressed companies. Corporate governance in this research is measured by independent board, audit committee, board of commissioners, institutional ownership and number of board commissioner meetings. The research predicts that corporate governance has a negative effect on earnings management either both in distressed and non-distressed companies. Methodology/Technique - This research uses 309 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and the data was obtained using purposive sampling method during 2016 until 2018. Of the 309 respondents in the sample, 287 are distressed companies and 22 are non-distressed companies. The data was analyzed using a multiple regression method. Findings - The empirical results show that commissioner board and institutional ownership have a negative effect on earnings management in non-distressed companies but in distressed companies, corporate governance does not have an effect on earnings management. This research shows that distressed companies, corporate governance cannot minimize earnings management practices because to maintain the company as a going concern, management will do earnings management to ensure stakeholders' trust to encourage further investment in the company. In non-distressed companies, corporate governance can minimize earnings management practices because the company is in a good financial condition, so they don't need to do earnings management. Additionally, in order to ensure stakeholders' trust, the company will strengthen its' corporate governance mechanisms. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Financial Distress; Earnings Management; Non-Financial Distress; Indonesia Stock Exchange. |
| JEL: | M41 G34 J33 K22 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr195&r=all |
| By: | Hung Ly-Dai (Vietnam Institute of Economics, Hanoi, Vietnam); Hai Anh Bui Thi; Thanh Vo Tri |
| Abstract: | We characterize the determinants of the pattern of cross-border debts flows, using a cross-section regression over a sample of 149 economies over 1990-2019. The net debts inflows is associated with a higher sovereign debts rating, a lower fiscal balance or a higher productivity growth. Thus, the flows of debts are underlined by the store of wealth accumulation across economies. Moreover, in comparison with the prediction by the empirical model, the case studies uncover that Vietnam receives more net debts inflows while Thailand and Japan receives less net debts inflows. |
| Keywords: | Net Debts Inflows,Safe Assets,Productivity Growth |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03129122&r=all |
| By: | Median Wilestari (Economic and Business Faculty, As-Syafi'iyah Islamic University, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Akhmad Syakhroza Author-2-Workplace-Name: Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Chaerul D. Djakman Author-3-Workplace-Name: Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Vera Diyanty Author-4-Workplace-Name: Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - A study by Ernst and Young (2010) found that 84% of public companies believed that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was an activity that had a positive impact on companies. However, only 11% of those companies disclosed their CSR in their annual reports. This article presents the findings of a study examining the effect of CSR regulation and corporate financial performance, as measured by corporate liquidity, profitability, leverage and firm value, on the disclosure level of the CSR of public companies in Indonesia, and its impact on corporate reputation. Methodology/Technique - Hypothesis tests with multiple regression were used with nonfinancial corporate categories listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2010 to 2018. Purposive sampling was used, with results from 217 sampled companies and 1953 datasets used in the model.Findings - The study reveals that there is a significant difference in the CSR disclosure of all corporate categories after the regulation of CSR was enacted as a mandatory in 2012. Financial performance measured through Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) had a positive significant influence on CSR disclosure. However, Return on Assets (ROA) and firm value have no influence. Family ownership as a moderating variable had a negative influence and weakened the association between CFO and CSR disclosure, whereas foreign ownership as a moderating variable had a negative influence and weakened the association between ROA and CSR disclosure. CSR disclosure had a positive influence on corporate reputation from the stakeholders' perception in terms of awards received by the company and the individual stock price index as an alternative measurement for reputation.Novelty - The impact of CSR disclosure on corporate reputation was analysed based on the alternative measurement of reputation. Ownership structure consisting of family ownership and foreign ownership were taken as the moderating variables in the correlation between financial performance and the disclosure of CSR.Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Social Responsibility; Regulation; Financial Performance; Moderation; Ownership Structure Corporate Reputation. |
| JEL: | M14 M41 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr194&r=all |
| By: | Premruedee Jitkuekul (Kasetsart University, Sakonnakhon, Thailand Author-2-Name: Sirinna Khamtanet Author-2-Workplace-Name: Kasetsart University, Sakonnakhon, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to investigate the importance of brand trust affecting green product repeat purchases using a statistics program with structural equation modelling (SEM) to conduct confirmation factor analysis and correlation analysis between the independent and dependent variables. Methodology/Technique - This study collected data from 820 green-product consumers in the northeast region of Thailand. Samples were recruited from 20 local department stores across 20 provinces. The study used a stratified sampling technique to stratify each province's residents. Findings - SEM analysis shows that brand trust has a positive correlation to brand engagement and loyalty with a statistical significance value of 0.05, together with a beta coefficient value of 0.68 and 0.54. The study also found that brand engagement has positive correlation to loyalty with a statistical significance value of 0.05, together with a beta coefficient value of 0.75. These results mean that when the customer trusted the brand, it would lead to brand engagement and being big a fan of the brand. This is because the customer is unfamiliar with green products, and there are some critical factors such as price and quality. Thus, building brand trust would decrease customer apprehension. When customers feel safe, they will feel engage to the brand. Accordingly, when customers are engaged to the brand, they become loyal to the brand leading to repeat purchasers, word of mouth and brand advocacy. Novelty - This paper contributes to the understanding on green product consumption and customer behaviour and can be used to formulate the right strategies for promoting green products, based on critical factors that influence the customer buying process. |
| Keywords: | Brand Engagement; Brand Trust; Green Products; Loyalty; Structural Equation Modelling; Customer Buying Process; Brand Loyalty |
| JEL: | M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr264&r=all |
| By: | Zarinah Arshat (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Tun Ju Ern Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Nellie Ismail Author-3-Workplace-Name: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Emotional Intelligence (EI) among preschool children is an important area to be studied. Children who have deficits in EI tend to have problems in adjustment and their lives were insufficiently rewarded. Therefore, they would regulate their emotions in alienating ways or take drastic actions to escape from problems. This study aims to address the predictors of emotional intelligence among preschool children. Methodology/Technique - The study was conducted in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Cross sectional questionnaire with Screen Time Questionnaire (STQ), Child Behavior Inventory of Playfulness (CBI), Adult Involvement in Media Scale (AIM) and Parents Rating Scales of Emotional Intelligence were prepared for 217 mothers with children aged 4 to 6 years in private preschools, Kuala Lumpur. Finding - Pearson correlation analyses revealed that mother's education (r = .16, p |
| Keywords: | Emotional Intelligence; Parental Monitoring; Playfulness; Preschool Children; Screen Time. |
| JEL: | A21 J24 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr581&r=all |
| By: | Zainab Aman (Department of Accounting and Finance Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia Author-2-Name: Norman Saleh Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Author-3-Name: Zaleha Abdul Shukur Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Author-4-Name: Romlah Jaafar Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between family ownership and corporate sustainability reporting to determine how the role of board independence affects the relationship between those variables within Malaysian listed companies. Methodology/Technique - The annual reports of 771 listed companies from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed using content analysis methods. The study uses agency theory to develop the hypotheses. Findings - The study found that family ownership is negatively related to corporate sustainability reporting. The finding shows that independent directors are unable to influence the relationship between family ownership and corporate sustainability reporting. The findings of this study are expected to provide insight to authorities in relation to the factors that could enhance corporate sustainability reporting primarily in family-owned companies. Novelty - Previous studies have only focused on environmental and social dimensions of corporate sustainability, whilst this study addresses all the 3 dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social). This paper is one of the first attempts to investigate the roles of board independence on the relationship between family ownership and corporate sustainability reporting in Malaysia. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability Reporting; Family Ownership; Corporate Governance; Independent Director |
| JEL: | M14 M41 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr196&r=all |
| By: | Sharifah Syahirah (Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA (KUPTM), 68000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Syarifah Fathynah Author-2-Workplace-Name: National Sports Institution (ISN), 57000 Bukit Jalil, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Bahiyah Abdul Hamid Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Habibah Ismail Author-4-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800 Nilai, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Fadilah Puteh Author-5-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This article attempts to discuss an on-going sexual harassment deterrent initiative in safeguarding the well-being of sports practitioners in Malaysia. Methodology/Technique - The primary data used in this article is taken from a focus group session which consisted of a total of 35 participants. The main objective of this article is to discuss the results, specifically the recommendations made by focus group participants which consisted of government officers, members of NGOs, sports experts, and sports practitioners. The focus group participants firstly pin-pointed the inadequacy of current deterrent mechanisms that have failed to protect Malaysian athletes from sexual harassment such that more often than not many cases have been unreported or have simply been dismissed altogether. Following this, suggestions and recommendations were put forward by the focus group participants to improve on the mechanisms that would ensure a safe and supportive environment for all Malaysians in sport in order to eliminate all forms of sexual harassment, abuse, and exploitation. Finding and Novelty - Taking into consideration the suggestions and recommendations put forth by the focus group this paper suggests a 4Ps framework in order to eliminate all forms of sexual harassment and abuse in sport. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Safeguard; Well-being; Sports Practitioners; Sexual Harassment; Deterrent Mechanism |
| JEL: | I31 Z32 Z28 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr584&r=all |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Université Paris-Saclay - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lan Nguyễn |
| Abstract: | This dataset an historical list of wind power projects in Vietnam, updated 2021-01-21. The list contains 473 records, among which 381 refer to active projects. It includes the generation capacity, the project's location at the commune level, its stage classified on the Preliminary / Development / Implementation / Operation / Decommission scale, and wether it is onshore, nearshore or offshore. The sample is comprehensive for Implementation and Operation projects. We cover the total project investment cost for 162 records. We obtained the dataset by reviewing only public sources: national power development plan updates, provincial investment plans decisions ; the press and the professional literature. This dataset can be used for energy system research and modeling, for policy analysis at the provincial and national levels, and to better understand the market conditions. It provides an inspirational example of how fast it is possible to switch to renewable energy on a national scale. Climate change mitigation requires more stories like this one. |
| Keywords: | Wind power,Vietnam,Investment cost,Energy transition |
| Date: | 2021–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03127376&r=all |
| By: | Chesaria, Ghenoveva |
| Abstract: | With more than 17000 islands, more than 300 ethnic groups, more than 700 languages, heritage sites, and the third largest biodiversity, Indonesia has many tourism destination. Maximizing Indonesia’s tourism is one way that government can do to direct and indirectly reduce the current account deficit. By coming to one of the Indonesia’s tourism cite, it will increase capital flows directly to Indonesia. On the other hand, maximizing tourism will absorb a lot of labor so it will has an impact on increasing economic growth or in the other words, it will indirectly reduce current account deficit. |
| Date: | 2021–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sgcw6&r=all |
| By: | Si, Hoan Luong Cu |
| Abstract: | Two APU graduate students, Hong Kong Nguyen (GSAM class of 2021) and Tung Manh Ho (GSAM class of 2020), recently contributed to two different academic publications, taking a look at political and economic topics in Vietnam. |
| Date: | 2019–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:t63qd&r=all |
| By: | Hannah Leckie (OECD); Harry Smythe (OECD); Xavier Leflaive (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The Asia Water Development Outlook – a flagship publication by the Asian Development Bank - monitors progress in water security in the Asia Pacific region. For the first time, the 2020 edition documents financing flows that contribute to – or that are needed to enhance – water security in the region.Working in close collaboration with the Asian Development Bank and partners, the OECD endeavoured to characterise funding needs and financing flows for water security in the region. The approach and methodology derive from a similar endeavour covering the European region, but were adjusted to reflect the distinctive features of the region, in terms of the state of play, policy, and data availability.This paper compiles available data and analyses, and derives policy messages, for countries in the region and their partners (including development finance institutions). It characterises an enabling environment that can facilitate and expedite financing for water security commensurate with the challenges and distinctive opportunities in the region. |
| Keywords: | Asia, flood protection, infrastructure finance, irrigation, Pacific, sanitation, wastewater, water security, water supply |
| JEL: | H23 H41 H54 L95 L98 Q25 Q53 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–03–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:171-en&r=all |
| By: | Muhamad Khalil Omar (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Nor Aidillah Jamhari Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Yusmazida Mohd Yusoff Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Turnover has become a worldwide problem that has puzzled organizations, researchers and experts for years. This study is focused on practices of iHRM that consist of Islamic Staffing, Islamic human resources management, Islamic performance management and Islamic compensation and turnover intention among employees at Islamic Religious Council. This study has 3 research objectives. Firstly, to identify the level of the iHRM. Secondly, to identify the level of turnover intention. Thirdly, to investigate the relationship between iHRM and turnover intention. Methodology/Technique - 300 questionnaires were distributed to all employees at one of Islamic Religious Council in Malaysia as sample for this study and a stratified random sampling method was used. Findings - The research concludes that the level of iHRM and turnover intention is high. The relationship between iHRM and turnover intention also has a positive effect. Novelty - This research is one of few studies to examine the relationship between iHRM and turnover intention. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| JEL: | E24 M12 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr268&r=all |
| By: | Nopriadi Saputra (Binus Business School, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Reni Hindriari Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universitas Pamulang, 15471, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Developing self-regulated actors in digital transformation of pre-digital organization is a critical and strategic issue. This article aims to examine and explain the historical development of self-regulated actors from an organizational behaviour perspective. By testing the impact of digital skill individually, digital leadership as group factor, and digital culture and digital mindset as organizational factors on self-regulating actor development, this article will gain insightful understanding in leading digital transformation. Methodology/Technique - This article is based on a cross-sectional study which involved 321 permanent staff or employees of the leading state-owned company in the Indonesian pharmaceutical industry. The collected data is structured and analysis with SmartPLS version 3. 0 as PLS-SEM application. Findings - The analysis results explain that self-regulating actors are influenced by digital skills, digital leadership, and digital culture directly, but are influenced by digital mindset indirectly. Digital mindset of top management teams will impact on self-regulated actor development, if it is directed to strengthen digital culture, then digital culture will impact on digital skills. Novelty - Digital culture impacts self-regulating actor development more directly than digital mind set of top management team in the pre-digital organization. By impacting digital culture, digital mindset of top management will impact self-regulating actor development. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Culture; Self-Regulated; Leadership; Digital Competence |
| JEL: | L16 M14 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr267&r=all |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Université Paris-Saclay - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nguyen Son (NEU - National Economics University (Ha Noi, Vietnam), ABIES Doctoral School - ABIES Doctoral School) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the reduction of electricity poverty in Vietnam from 2008 to 2018 using national household surveys. We find that in 2018, the fraction of households with access to electricity was over 98%, the median level of electricity usage was 139 kWh per month per household, and the electricity bill weighted less than 6% of income for 92% of households. The macroeconomic inequality in electricity consumption was lower than income inequality. In 2014, the fraction of households declaring unsatisfied electricity needs was below three per cent. This indicator indicates that Vietnam has mostly reached the Sustainable Development Goal 7 Affordable and clean energy for all (SDG7). We find that the electricity subsidy mechanism contributes more to alleviating poverty (SDG1) than to SDG7. While there remains households who cannot afford to turn on fans or air conditioner during a heatwave, the engineering, economic and socio-political perspectives converge to indicate that electricity poverty was not an acute social issue in 2018. |
| Keywords: | Electricity poverty,Vietnam,Sustainable Development Goals |
| Date: | 2021–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03160911&r=all |
| By: | Arlan Brucal (London School of Economics); Antoine Dechezleprêtre (OECD) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of energy price increases – induced notably by the removal of fossil fuel subsidies – on the joint environmental and economic performance of Indonesian plants in the manufacturing industry for the period 1980-2015. The paper shows that a 10% increase in energy prices causes a a reduction in energy use by 5.2% and a reduction in CO2 emissions by 5.8% on average, with more energy-intensive sectors responding more to the shocks. At the same time, energy price increases increase the probability of plant exit and reduce employment of large and energy intensive plants, but the estimated effect is very small (-0.2% for a 10% increase in energy prices). Morevoer, energy price changes have no significant influence on net job creation at the industry-wide level, suggesting that jobs are not lost but reallocated from energy-intensive to energy-efficient firms. Overall, the empirical evidence demonstrates that environmental fiscal reforms in emerging economies like Indonesia can bring about large environmental benefits with little to no effect on employment. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions reductions, competitiveness, energy price, firm performance, fossil fuel subsidy reform |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 Q52 |
| Date: | 2021–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:170-en&r=all |
| By: | Runato A. Basañes (University of Antique, Sibalom, Antique, Philippines Author-2-Name: Junelene May C. Dagol Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, San Jose District, Schools Division of Antique, Philippines Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The primary purpose of this research work is to determine the relationship between work engagement of public elementary school (PES) teachers and organizational support in the District of San Jose, Schools Division of Antique, Philippines. Methodology/Technique - Descriptive-correlational design was employed in undertaking this study. A total sample of 167 was purposively selected among the PES teachers in San Jose District, Schools Division of Antique for the survey. The researchers adapted the accomplished Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form of teachers and Eisenberger's (1986) perceived Organizational Support Scale for the study. Findings - The results show that PES teachers' level of work engagement was very satisfactory in all of 4 work engagement aspects - teaching-learning process, student outcomes, community involvement, and professional growth and development. The results also indicated that the PES teachers have a high organizational support level when the different variables were considered in this study - teaching load, teaching position, sex, and marital status. Moreover, looking into the PES teachers' work engagement, a significant difference was noted in community involvement when grouped according to teaching load; and professional growth and development when grouped according to sex. However, no significant difference was noted in all aspects when grouped according to a teaching position and marital status. A significant difference was also pointed out in organizational support in terms of teaching load, teaching position, sex, and marital status. Finally, there was no significant relationship between work engagement and organizational support of PES teachers. Novelty - The study suggests that the Department of Education subjects its personnel to continuing education, training, seminars, and values formation activities to help teachers become more effective in delivering their daily obligations, engage in their work for skills development, and make them feel they are given much attention by the organization where they belong. |
| Keywords: | Community Involvement; Organizational Support; Professional Growth and Development; Student Outcomes; Teaching-learning Process; Work Engagement |
| JEL: | M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr263&r=all |
| By: | Kullanun Sripongpun (Kasetsart University, Sakonnakhon, Thailand Author-2-Name: Kullanun Sripongpun Author-2-Workplace-Name: Kasetsart University, Sakonnakhon, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This research clarifies how entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) affects performance, and entrepreneurial passion (EP) may vary the ESE- firm performance relationship as a mediator. Methodology/Technique - The data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to 400 entrepreneurs in Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan Province, Thailand. All measures had acceptable Cronbach's alpha reliabilities. Descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. The conceptual model and hypotheses were tested by using linear regression analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test construct validity. Finding - The results show that the entrepreneurial self-efficacy had no effect of multicollinearity in the independent variables (Hair et. al., 2014). Therefore, it was possible to test the equation analysis based on the hypothesis using linear regression. In terms of direct relationship testing, entrepreneurial self-efficacy directly had a significant positive impact on firm performance and passion. In addition, entrepreneurial passion directly influenced firm performance. In terms of indirect relationship testing, entrepreneurial passion is a partial mediation for entrepreneurial self-efficacy and firm performance.Novelty - This paper examines how self-efficacy (ESE) affects firm performance and how self-efficacy (ESE) affects firm performance when mediated by passion. This study may provide for higher accomplishment and greater performance.Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy; Entrepreneurial Passion; Firm Performance |
| JEL: | M10 M12 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr582&r=all |
| By: | Paul Mizen; Frank Packer; Eli Remolona; Serafeim Tsoukas |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we focus on the surprising phenomenon in which firms face difficulty issuing in domestic currency even in the home market, especially in emerging markets. Could this be due to "original sin" which has been familiar to sovereign bond issuance? In its new incarnation, original sin refers to the difficulty firms in many emerging markets have in borrowing domestically long-term, even in the local currency. We infer the nature of original sin from 5,901 financing decisions by firms in seven Asian emerging markets over a period of 20 years. Our sample period covers an episode when bond issuers had a choice between a less developed but growing onshore market, which varied across countries in the level of development, and a deep and liquid offshore market. We find that even in countries with onshore markets, it is often easier for unseasoned firms to issue offshore (in foreign currency) than to issue onshore, but changes in market development reverses this effect. In addition, once such a firm becomes a seasoned issuer, it is absolved from domestic original sin and is then able to act opportunistically and go to the market favored by interest differentials. |
| Keywords: | bond financing, offshore markets, emerging markets, market depth, global credit |
| JEL: | C23 E44 F32 F34 G32 O16 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gla:glaewp:2021_03&r=all |
| By: | Ayu Krishna Yuliawati (Faculty of Economics and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indoneisa Author-2-Name: Rofi Rofaida Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indoneisa Author-3-Name: Budhi Pamungkas Gautama Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indoneisa Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Asti Nur Aryanti Author-5-Workplace-Name: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Membangun (INABA), jl. Soekarno-Hatta no.448, 40266, Bandung, Indonesia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Geopark in Indonesia, especially in Belitong Island, has small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in various creative industries. The potential for the development of the creative industry for geoproducts is still open to enter the international market. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, its development still faces several obstacles, where most of the geoproducts are made by MSMEs with limited market access, technology and financial access which results in low quality of products produced, and the level of competition for the domestic market is getting higher, while entering the international market is difficult. This study aims to analyze the impact of Covid-19 on MSME geoproducts in Geopark tourist destinations, and analyze Business Continuity Management at these MSMEs. Methodology/Technique - The research method used is quantitative and qualitative method, in which descriptive analysis are carried out through online survey and online FGD. Findings - The results of this study show how MSMEs' in small island of Belitung were severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. There was a drastic decrease product sales volume, some MSMEs were forced to permanently close their businesses and 47% of MSMEs decided to temporarily close their businesses until conditions improved. The business income was severely impacted due to the absence of tourists (customer) to the island and the difficulty in obtaining raw materials as production input. MSMEs run business continuity by implementing a pivoting strategy and transformation to digital platform. The roles of the government, private sector, financial institution, academic and geopark managers are needed to help MSMEs survive in times of crisis. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Business Continuity; Geoproduct; Geopark; Covid-19 Pandemic; Belitong. |
| JEL: | M1 M10 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr588&r=all |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Université Paris-Saclay - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Analysts often divide wind power projects into two categories: onshore and offshore. A third category recently emerged: nearshore projects, built on the intertidal flats. We observe a quasi cross-sectional sample of Vietnam's wind power projects, exhaustive regarding projects at the operating and building stages, comprising projects in the three categories. The median investment for onshore wind power projects in Vietnam is 1 680 USD/kW. It is 2 174 USD/kW for nearshore projects. We computed the relative extra investment distribution for intertidal projects compared to onshore projects in our sample. On average, a MW of generation capacity requires about 50% more investment nearshore than onshore. But variation is considerable, the interquartile range 20%-70% represents the extra cost better. It does not follow that electricity from nearshore stations costs more. Annual generation depends on the capacity factor. Projects developers are paying extra for better wind nearshore. |
| Keywords: | Wind power,Vietnam,Investment cost,Energy transition |
| Date: | 2021–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03127371&r=all |
| By: | Andalia (Department of Accounting, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Amiruddin Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Grace T. Pontoh Author-3-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability and arrogance on fraudulent financial reporting with independent commissioners as the moderating variable. Methodology/Technique - The object of this research is all companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2019. The research sample was obtained through purposive sampling method and resulted in 215 companies. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Findings - The results show that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability and arrogance had a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. The results of the moderation regression analysis show that independent commissioners moderate the effect of pressure and arrogance on fraudulent financial reporting. Meanwhile, independent commissioners did not moderate opportunities, rationalization, and capacity for fraudulent financial reporting. Novelty - This research contributes to the pentagon fraud theory, which proves that the elements contained in this theory can be used as a basis for analyzing fraud committed by companies, and contributing to the company so that the company's internal control is improved and the presence of an independent board of commissioners is not only a fulfillment of the company's internal control. regulations made by the IDX. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Pressure; Opportunities; Rationalization; Arrogance; Fraudulent Financial Reporting |
| JEL: | M41 G32 M21 M41 M42 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr193&r=all |
| By: | Kathleen Marie N. Castaño (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines Author-2-Name: Rodrigo A. Litao Author-2-Workplace-Name: Graciano Lopez Jaena Elementary School, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to explore the reflective inquiry practices of instructional leaders and examine if there is significant difference in the respondents' reflective inquiry practices based on their personal profile. Methodology/Technique - The survey-questionnaire underwent reliability testing and yielded a result of .936. Appropriate statistical tools such as frequency or mean and ANOVA were used to determine the reflective inquiry practices of the instructional leaders and the significant difference of reflective inquiry based on their personal profile. Finding - The results indicate that the instructional leaders' level of reflective inquiry practices is high, and it has no significant difference based on their personal profile. However, there exists a significant difference in the respondents' level of reflective inquiry practices according to years of service and educational attainment. Novelty - Much research has investigated reflective inquiry as a pedagogical practice of teachers, but very few have attempted to study reflective inquiry as a supervisory practice of instructional leaders. There have been no empirical studies that have made use of reflective inquiry in the professional practice of instructional leaders in the local context. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Reflective Inquiry, Reflective Practice, Instructional Leaders. |
| JEL: | I12 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr580&r=all |
| By: | Bruno Jetin (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - UP13 - Université Paris 13) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic calls for a collective response at the global and regional level. Otherwise, some nations may be left behind and the potential for the contagion to return remains high. As advanced regional blocs, the EU and ASEAN have a major responsibility to their members for coordinating health protection measures and access to vaccines, maintaining the mobility of people and goods, and supporting their economy. The pandemic is therefore a test for regions. They must demonstrate that they are at least making national measures more effective. This paper seeks to determine whether the EU and ASEAN have passed the COVID- 19 test. It does so by analysing their responses in 2020 when the countries were hit by the first wave of contagion. The first section of the paper considers their attitude and action when the initial cases appeared in Europe and Southeast Asia in the early part of 2020. While the second section focuses on vaccines and the policies adopted in each region. The paper concludes that overall, the responses of the two regions to their COVID-19 test were late and insufficient. |
| Keywords: | Policy Responses,EU,ASEAN,pandemic,COVID-19 Crisis,Vaccines,Region,Comparative analysis,Crise du COVID-19,pandémie,UE,Réponses politiques,Vaccins,Région,Analyse comparative |
| Date: | 2021–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03171573&r=all |
| By: | Bruno Jetin (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - UP13 - Université Paris 13) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic calls for a collective response at the global and regional level. Otherwise, some nations may be left behind and the potential for the contagion to return remains high. As advanced regional blocs, the EU and ASEAN have a major responsibility to their members for coordinating health protection measures and access to vaccines, maintaining the mobility of people and goods, and supporting their economy. The pandemic is therefore a test for regions. They must demonstrate that they are at least making national measures more effective. This paper seeks to determine whether the EU and ASEAN have passed the COVID- 19 test. It does so by analysing their responses in 2020 when the countries were hit by the first wave of contagion. The first section of the paper considers their attitude and action when the initial cases appeared in Europe and Southeast Asia in the early part of 2020. While the second section focuses on vaccines and the policies adopted in each region. The paper concludes that overall, the responses of the two regions to their COVID-19 test were late and insufficient. |
| Keywords: | Policy Responses,EU,ASEAN,pandemic,COVID-19 Crisis,Vaccines,Region,Comparative analysis,Crise du COVID-19,pandémie,UE,Réponses politiques,Vaccins,Région,Analyse comparative |
| Date: | 2021–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cepnwp:halshs-03171573&r=all |
| By: | Saito, Hisamitsu |
| Abstract: | Product quality is the key to the export success of firms in developing countries. This study examines whether and to what extent inward foreign direct investment (FDI) affects the product quality of local plants, focusing on the role of quality upgrading spillovers and productivity spillovers. Employing plant product-level data from Indonesian manufacturing, we find that backward FDI upgrades the product quality of exporters only, while plant productivity improves the product quality of both exporters and non-exporters. Thus, quality upgrading spillovers are effective in enhancing the competitiveness of incumbent exporters. However, they do not encourage non-exporters to export their products, for which productivity spillovers are effective instead. |
| Keywords: | Developing country; Export upgrading; Foreign direct investment; Product quality; Spillovers |
| JEL: | F23 L15 O14 |
| Date: | 2021–03–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106770&r=all |
| By: | juana, andi |
| Abstract: | This type of qualitative research uses a phenomenological approach, while the results of the research show that side businesses owned by the community in various forms, both engaged in goods and services, are very important in supporting the economy, especially in the aspect of meeting the needs of daily life, alternative side businesses carried out by the community are solutions in facing human needs who always want better, both primary, secondary and tertiary needs. |
| Date: | 2021–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:vwc9f&r=all |
| By: | Wenny Pebrianti (Universitas Tanjungpura, 78124, Pontianak, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Wenseslaus Tanwira Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universitas Tanjungpura, 78124, Pontianak, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Ahmadi Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Kalimantan Barat, 78391, Kubu Raya, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Online Relationship Marketing on customer loyalty which was examined from the perspective of signalling theory in the banking sector. Methodology/Technique - Signalling theory is used to identify the tendency of companies to build relationships with consumers by sending signals to consumers through a variety internet tools and applications to communicate transparency, security, and privacy to influence consumer perceptions, behavior, and interests. Data was analyzed using quantitative methods with the SEM-PLS method involving 384 samples. Findings - The results of this study indicate that Online Relationship Marketing activities, such as engagement and interactivity, have a significant direct effect on customer loyalty and online trust. Novelty - Online trust in this study has a significant effect on customer loyalty and has a partial mediating role. |
| Keywords: | Engagement; Interactivity; Online Trust; Customer Loyalty; Signalling Theory |
| JEL: | M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr271&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Malaysia entered the pandemic from a robust economic position but has nonetheless been significantly affected. A synchronous fiscal, monetary and financial policy response has helped cushion the economic impact. As a result, after a deep recession in 2020, and assuming the pandemic is brought under control in Malaysia and globally, growth would rebound to 6.5 percent in 2021 as supply side constraints are lifted and domestic and external demand recover. Large downside risks will remain. |
| Date: | 2021–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2021/053&r=all |
| By: | Shurojit Chatterji (Singapore Management University); Atsushi Kajii (Kwansei Gakuin University) |
| Abstract: | Do price forecasts of rational economic agents need to coincide in perfectly competitive complete markets in order for markets to allocate resources efficiently? To address this question, we define an efficient temporary equilibrium (ETE) within the framework of a two period economy. Although an ETE allocation is intertemporally efficient and is obtained by perfect competition, it can arise without the agents forecasts being coordinated on a perfect foresight price. We show that there is a one dimensional set of such Pareto efficient allocations for generic endowments. |
| JEL: | D51 D53 D61 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upd:utmpwp:031&r=all |
| By: | Chi L. Ta |
| Abstract: | Rebates that reward economic agents if they meet a minimum conservation threshold are a popular policy to encourage energy conservation. However, most threshold-based rebates are structured such that they do not encourage reduction beyond the threshold. In this paper, I show theoretically that programs with the additional feature that households compete to win rebates can effectively encourage further conservation among those who can meet the threshold reduction. The theory also identifies factors that determine the effectiveness of the program. I then exploit a unique confidential dataset of monthly residential electricity use with over 45 million observations to estimate the overall effect of a Vietnamese electricity rebate program with this competitive element. Next, I empirically test the model’s predictions. I find that the program reduces electricity consumption by 18%, nearly double the threshold level of 10%. Interestingly, the program's effect persists for at least twelve months after it ends, which has important implications for the cost-effectiveness of such interventions. |
| Keywords: | energy conservation |
| JEL: | D12 L94 L98 Q48 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8948&r=all |
| By: | Mariagrazia Squicciarini; Heike Nachtigall |
| Abstract: | This report presents new evidence about occupations requiring artificial intelligence (AI)-related competencies, based on online job posting data and previous work on identifying and measuring developments in AI. It finds that the total number of AI-related jobs increased over time in the four countries considered – Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States – and that a growing number of jobs require multiple AI-related skills. Skills related to communication, problem solving, creativity and teamwork gained relative importance over time, as did complementary software-related and AI-specific competencies. As expected, many AI-related jobs are posted in categories such as “professionals” and “technicians and associated professionals”, though AI-related skills are in demand, to varying degrees, across almost all sectors of the economy. In all countries considered, the sectors “Information and Communication”, “Financial and Insurance Activities” and “Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities” are the most AI job-intensive. |
| Keywords: | Digital, Employment, Science & Technology |
| Date: | 2021–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2021/03-en&r=all |
| By: | Nicola Cortinovis; Zhiling Wang; Hengky Kurniawan |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we explore how spillovers from multinational enterprises (MNEs) spread and impact domestic firms through different channels and at various spatial scales. Taking a firm-level approach, we test whether industrial relatedness mediates spillover effects from MNEs over and above horizontal and vertical linkages traditionally identified by the literature. Thanks to fine- grained geographical information, we further investigate the spatial reach of the spillovers and how they are associated with domestic firms’ characteristics such as absorptive capacity and technological sophistication. Our hypotheses are tested on a panel data set of Indonesian manufacturing firms census between 2002 to 2009. We find that domestic firms have higher total factor productivity when being exposed to a higher share of output from multinational firms in related industries, on top of the widely acknowledged horizontal and vertical MNE spillovers. We also show that MNE spillovers are sensitive to distance, with relatedness-mediated ones being detected between 30 and 60 km from the municipality of the MNE. Regarding heterogeneity, large firms benefit from productivity-enhancing relatedness spillovers at a wider spatial distance (up to 90km), and firms in less-advanced industries benefit from relatedness mediated effects as much as those in more advanced industries. |
| Keywords: | Multinational enterprises, spillovers, industrial relatedness, spatial effects. |
| JEL: | D24 F23 O33 R10 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2111&r=all |
| By: | Kullanun Sripongpun (Faculty of Liberal Arts and Management Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand Author-2-Name: Nattanan Saksamrit Author-2-Workplace-Name: Vaal University of technology, P Bag X021, 1900, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Author-3-Name: Watcharapong Intarawong Author-3-Workplace-Name: Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-4-Name: Pattama Suriyakul Na Ayudhya Author-4-Workplace-Name: Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to extend the brand personality concept by applying this concept to the organization, i.e., the university. Methodology/Technique - A questionnaire was designed based on Aaker (1997)'s 5 dimensions of brand personality scale to collect the data. 400 Thai undergraduate students of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus participated in this study. Participants were first informed of the study description and instructed to think of a university as if it were a person and to rate on a five-point scale (1 = not at all descriptive, 5 = extremely descriptive). In the data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used. Finding - The results from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a varimax rotation showed 5 factors of university personality. Factor 1 represents competence dimension having 10 items (successful, leader, technical, corporate, cool, hardworking, secure, spirited, confident and reliable). Factor 2 represents sophistication dimension which had 4 items (glamorous, good looking, smooth and upper class). Factor 3 represents ruggedness dimension which had 5 items (western, tough, masculine, rugged and outdoorsy). Factor 4 represents sincerity dimension which had 2 items (honest and sincere). The last factor was excitement dimension which had only 1 item, imaginative. Furthermore, according to student perspective, the majority of university personality dimensions of Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus was ruggedness dimension. Novelty - Research examining the dimensions of organization personality is still scant. To fill the gap, the current study was conducted to demonstrate how the brand personality concept was applicable when the organization was viewed as a brand. Therefore, it is a preliminary step toward such direction to extend and apply the brand personality concept to a new different area. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | University Personality; University Characteristics; Personality Traits; Brand Personality Concept. |
| JEL: | M10 M19 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr585&r=all |
| By: | Erica M. Field; Elisa M. Maffioli |
| Abstract: | We experimentally evaluate the impact on child malnutrition of a maternal cash transfer program in Myanmar that was supplemented with Social Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) in a subset of villages. The combination of interventions significantly reduced the proportion of children stunted, while cash alone had no impact on stunting. SBCC appears to have worked in conjunction with cash to reduce stunting by encouraging mothers to increase children’s total calories and protein consumed. The findings provide evidence that information constraints contribute to low income-elasticity of calorie demand among malnourished populations, and underscore the importance of adding SBCC to cash transfer programs. |
| JEL: | I12 I15 I38 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28443&r=all |
| By: | Stefan Ankirchner (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena); Christophette Blanchet-Scalliet (ICJ - Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] - ECL - École Centrale de Lyon - Université de Lyon - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nabil Kazi-Tani (SAF - Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon); Chao Zhou (NUS - National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | We consider the problem of controlling the diffusion coefficient of a diffusion with constant negative drift rate such that the probability of hitting a given lower barrier up to some finite time horizon is minimized. We assume that the diffusion rate can be chosen in a progressively measurable way with values in the interval [0, 1]. We prove that the value function is regular, concave in the space variable, and that it solves the associated HJB equation. To do so, we show that the heat equation on a right triangle, with a boundary condition that is discontinuous in the corner, possesses a smooth solution. |
| Keywords: | Hitting probability,Stochastic control,Heat equation |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02405853&r=all |
| By: | Mayssa Mhadhbi; Mohamed Gallali; Stéphane Goutte (Cemotev - Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, VNU - Vietnam National University [Hanoï]); Khaled Guesmi |
| Abstract: | It has been widely documented in the literature that financial development drives up the impact of CO2 emissions through increases in real economic activities and the consumption of polluting fossil fuel energy. However, when dealing with stock market development, such upward effects on economic growth, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions seems to give away to a positive impact especially in emerging markets. This paper contributes to this debate by exploring both the symmetric and asymmetric responses of CO2 emission to changes in stock market development indicators. In particular, using both the panel linear and nonlinear ARDL, our results demonstrate the asymmetric effects of stock market development indicators on carbon emissions in the context of emerging markets. In particular, the long-run elasticities results suggest that positive and negative shocks on stock market indicator decreases environmental quality by increasing carbon emissions. Based on these empirical findings, this study offers some crucial policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Stock market development,Carbon emissions,Energy efficiency,Asymmetric relationship,NARDL model,JEL Classification: Q 43,G28,E44,F64 |
| Date: | 2021–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03169689&r=all |
| By: | Ahmed Ayadi; Marjène Gana; Stéphane Goutte (VNU - Vietnam National University [Hanoï], Cemotev - Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines); Khaled Guesmi |
| Abstract: | This study considers the findings of previous research concerning the volatility and correlation transmission between equity and commodity markets and attempts to document evidence of contagion between these markets during four crises using the International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM). We study existence of contagion transmission mechanism between regional equity markets (USA, Western Europe and the BRICS) and sixteen categories of commodities |
| Keywords: | Metals,Natural Gas,Electricity,Crude Oil,Precious Metals,Agricultural Oils,Chemicals,Feeds,Fibers,Forestry Products,Grains,Live Stocks,Oil Seeds,Equity-commodity contagion,Three-factor CAPM,Financial crises |
| Date: | 2021–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03169699&r=all |
| By: | Stéphane Goutte (Cemotev - Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, VNU - Vietnam National University [Hanoï]); Thomas Péran; Thomas Porcher |
| Abstract: | This article seeks to highlight in more depth the public levers of action in the implementation of anticorruption policies within the countries among the Central Africa region. Using non-supervised statistical method, we first study the profile of the countries concerned (institutional, social, entrepreneurial, etc.), then secondly, we analyze the impact of public measures on the extent of corruption at the national level. We manage to demonstrate that there is a common and standard subregional political program intended for public decision-makers, regardless of the degree of heterogeneity of national structures. |
| Keywords: | Corruption,Datamining,Cluster,Political program,Central Africa |
| Date: | 2021–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03169700&r=all |
| By: | Tomoki Fujii (Singapore Management University); Christine Ho (Singapore Management University); Rohan Ray (Singapore Management University); Abu S. Shonchoy (Department of Economics, Florida International University) |
| Abstract: | Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become one of the most common policy interventions to increase school attendance, but the cost-effectiveness of such interventions has not attracted the attention it deserves. Hence, in addition to a standard CCT implementation, our rich unique dataset on daily attendance allows us to experimentally study two potential ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of school attendance interventions: (i) SMS information nudges and (ii) loss framing in CCTs. The former provides school attendance information to parents and the latter exploits the endowment effect. Consistent with the existing literature, CCT intervention significantly increases school attendance. Though the difference between gain and loss framing is not statistically significant, the point estimate of the Loss treatment is consistently higher than that of the Gain treatment.The SMS treatment has a modest impact on school attendance but the overall cost of treatment is low. We also find diminishing marginal impact of cash transfer amount on attendance, indicating that the intensive margin matters. Thus, both loss framing and SMS nudges can be considered as alternative cost-effective approaches to promote attendance in schools in developing and less developed economies where resources are typically limited. |
| Keywords: | conditional cash transfers, loss aversion, peer effect, information treatment, Bangladesh |
| JEL: | D91 H75 I21 I28 O22 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fiu:wpaper:2109&r=all |
| By: | Jean N. Lee (World Bank); Jonathan Morduch (Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University); Saravana Ravindran (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore); Abu S. Shonchoy (Department of Economics, Florida International University) |
| Abstract: | Mobile banking and related digital financial technologies can make financial services cheaper and more widely accessible in low-income economies, but gender gaps persist. We present evidence from two connected field experiments in Bangladesh designed to encourage the adoption and use of mobile banking by poor, illiterate households. We show that training can dramatically increase adoption and usage by women. At the same time, women on average persist in using mobile banking at a lower rate than men. The study focuses on migrants and their families in Bangladesh. Despite large differences between female and male migrants in income and education, the first experiment shows that a training program led to a similarly large, positive impact on mobile banking usage by female and male migrants, increasing usage rates for both by about 45 percentage points. That led to increases in remittances sent to rural areas, reduced rural poverty, and increased rural consumption. Both female and male migrants in the treatment group, however, reported worse physical and emotional health, adding to health challenges reported by women across treatment and control groups. A second experiment explores whether the way that the technology was introduced and explained made an additional difference in narrowing gender gaps. Despite the lack of statistical power to detect small treatment impacts, we find suggestive evidence that the treatment increased mobile banking adoption by female migrants. |
| Keywords: | gender, financial inclusion, digital money, migration, field experiment, Bangladesh |
| JEL: | R23 O33 O16 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fiu:wpaper:2108&r=all |