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on South East Asia |
| By: | Setyarini, Putu |
| Abstract: | Negara yang memiliki banyak pulau yakni negara kita Indonesia. Indonesia dikenal dengan negara kepulauan dan tidak asing apabila Indonesia memiliki kekayaan dalam sumber daya lautnya, yang menarik para nelayan asal luar negeri untuk singgah dan mencicipi hasil sumber daya laut yang ada di Indonesia. Nelayan asal luar negeri singgah sembari membawa alat pancing yang bisa terbilang modern, agar bisa mendapatkan hasil yang besar. Namun sayangnya, nelayan dari dalam negeri masih saja berbelit dengan alat pancing yang bisa dibilang kurang mengikuti zaman. |
| Date: | 2020–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:4d8rx&r=all |
| By: | Susanto, Stefanny Magdalena |
| Abstract: | Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat bergantung pada pariwisata dalam menutupi defisit transaksi berjalan dan defisit APBN untuk jangka waktu yang lama. Seperti yang kita tahu, setiap tahun Indonesia cukup sulit dalam mencapai target kunjungan wisatawan karena berbagai kendala yang harus diatasi oleh pemerintah dan pelaku usaha pariwisata. Oleh karena itu, adanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendongkrak sektor pariwisata melalui peningkatan daya saingnya. |
| Date: | 2020–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:q8tbc&r=all |
| By: | elviona, adra |
| Abstract: | Sebagai negara kepulauan, Indonesia dikenal memiliki banyak sekali sumber daya laut yang melimpah dan menjadi sasaran bagi seluruh nelayang di berbagai negara karena kekayaannya tersebut. Nelayan dari berbagai negara tersebut pastinya memiliki alat pancing atau penangkapan sumber daya yang ada di laut jauh lebih modern daripada yang dimiliki oleh para nelayan yang ada di Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2020–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bhe3f&r=all |
| By: | Wijaya, Dhanti Intansari Adji |
| Abstract: | Surat Izin Usaha Perikanan (SIUP) harus dimiliki perusahan perikanan atau perseorangan untuk melakukan usaha perikanan termasuk tambak udang. Pengembangan budidaya udang di beberapa daerah masih banyak tantangan dan kendala terutama perizinan, tarif bea masuk, retribusi yang dikenakan pemerintah kabupaten/provinsi. Saat ini terdapat 21 izin yang harus dipenuhi oleh petambak udang. Mengingat udang merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan budidaya andalan utama Indonesia, maka pemerintah mengambil sikap dengan melakukan penyederhanaan perizinan dari total 21 perizinan dipangkas menjadi 1 pintu BKPM. |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:t6wyu&r=all |
| By: | Madi, Riski Amalia (Economic and Bussiness Faculty); Akzan, Al |
| Abstract: | Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara empiris faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi manajemen modal kerja terhadap kinerja operasi perusahaan. Penelitian ini diuji dengan lima variabel independen yaitu cash conversion cycle (CCC)), current ratio(CR), Net Working Capital Ratio (NWCR), Current Assets Turnover (CAT), Inventory Turnover dan satu variabel dependen yaitu Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT). Objek pada pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling. Penulis memilih dua puluh enam perusahaan sebagai sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis dan juga dilakukan uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolineritas, uji heterokedastisitas, uji autokerasi Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa variabel cash conversion cycle (CCC)) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap dan Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), current ratio(CR) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), Net Working Capital Ratio (NWCR) berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), Current Assets Turnover (CAT) berpengaruh negative signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT), dan Inventory Turnover berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Earning Before Interest Tax(EBIT). |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:87b3f&r=all |
| By: | Hartanti, Maria Febri Piji |
| Abstract: | Menyangkut sumber daya manusia, Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah yang bisa dijadikan untuk meningkatkan ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9ed3m&r=all |
| By: | Duc Anh Dang; Hai Anh La |
| Abstract: | The literature shows that political connections have different effects on firms' activities. However, the question of how political connections affect firms' formalization has not been explored. Using data from three waves of the Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprise Survey for the period from 2007 to 2011, this paper aims to examine the relationship between political connections and firms' formalization in Viet Nam. We find that firms with political connections increase their share of formal workers. |
| Keywords: | Political connections, formalization, Viet Nam |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2020-147&r=all |
| By: | Putri, Megawati Yuliana |
| Abstract: | Artikel ini dibuat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat di Indonesia bahwa persaingan bisnis di era revolusi 4.0 sekarang ini tidak akan lepas dari teknologi dan sumber daya manusia merupakan kunci dalam menghadapi persaingan global di era industry ini. |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gmwrb&r=all |
| By: | Genthner, Robert; Kis-Katos, Krisztina |
| Abstract: | Using yearly Indonesian labor market data for 2000 to 2015, we investigate the impact of a protectionist foreign direct investment (FDI) policy reform on employment and wages. The so-called negative investment list regulates FDI at the highly granular product level and has been repeatedly revised throughout time. We construct spatial measures of regulatory penetration based on firm-level data and thereby exploit the exposure of local manufacturing industry employment to the negative investment list. Controlling for time and locality fixed effects as well as trends in initial district conditions, our findings suggest an overall positive effect of local regulatory penetration on employment, which is especially pronounced among young, females and low-skilled workers and mostly driven by job creation in the manufacturing sector. We also present evidence in support of positive wage effects. |
| Keywords: | FDI regulation,Indonesia,local labor markets |
| JEL: | F16 F21 F23 J23 J31 L51 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc20:224524&r=all |
| By: | -, Darling |
| Abstract: | Boosting Indonesia’s Tourism Sector |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mka8f&r=all |
| By: | Mintarwan, Evelyn |
| Abstract: | Paper ini ditulis dengan melakukan sitasi dari jurnal Indonesia's Efforts to Achieve Globally Competitive Human Resources yang ditulis oleh Ahmad Zafrullah Tayibnapis, Lucia Endang Wuryaningsih, dan Radita Gora. |
| Date: | 2020–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:q27pk&r=all |
| By: | Munawir, Muhammad Rapli Al |
| Abstract: | industri 4.0 menuntut kita untuk lebih terampil dan kreatif dalam bekerja agar bisa bersaing dengan negara lain atau dengan kata lain bersaing secara global. tentu hal ini harus dipersiapkan dimulai dari merestrukturisasi sistem pendidikan yang ada di indonesia saat ini. mengingat bahwa pendidikan sangat penting dalam membangun sebuah SDM yang memiliki kompetensi yang baik dan diharapkan dapat menjawab semua masalah-masalah yang akan datang kedepannya dapat terjawab dengan banyak nya inovasi-inovasi yang dikembangkan mulai saat ini, ataupun pemikiran-pemikiran yang cukup kritis untuk menjawab hal tersebut. |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ydgfk&r=all |
| By: | Vu, Quang; Tran, Tuyen |
| Abstract: | Using the Färe-Primont index and instrumental variable fixed effect estimation for the data of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study considers if receiving government financial support enables SMEs in Vietnam to become more productive. The paper discovers no evidence of linkage between financial support and firm productivity. However, access to financial support improves technological progress and growth in firm scale but has a negative effect on improvement in technical efficiency. The estimation results reveal that the use of productivity as an aggregated index in previous studies may hide the real effect of government support on firm productivity. |
| Keywords: | Financial support; productivity; small and medium-sized enterprises; Vietnam |
| JEL: | O3 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2020–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103850&r=all |
| By: | pitaloka, adelia intan diah ayu |
| Abstract: | Dalam persaingan bisnis di industry 4.0 ini maka persaingan di era global sangat ketat. Banyak perusahaan yang mengubah Sumber Daya Manusia sebagai strategi untuk menghadapi persaingan global agar terus dapat mengikuti perkembangan jaman dalam dunia bisnis dan mampu bersaing serta mempertahankan perusahaan mereka. Hal tersebut untuk meciptakan kultur kerja yang dapat mencerminkan visi dari perusahan tersebut. |
| Date: | 2020–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:js8er&r=all |
| By: | Hott, Christian; Tran, Thi Xuyen |
| Abstract: | Our paper analyses the effect of natural catastrophes on insurance demand in a developing economy and the specific role of insurance regulation in this relationship. We base our analysis on a theoretical model as well as a panel regression using household survey level data for Vietnam and corresponding spatial measures of natural catastrophes. Vietnam is especially interesting for our analysis as it is strongly affected by natural catastrophes and experienced an enhancement of insurance regulation in recent years. The theoretical results indicate that a loss experience should have a less positive effect in developing economies than in developed economies. In addition, an enhancement of insurance regulation should make the impact of a loss event on insurance demand more positive. These findings are confirmed in our empirical analysis: Overall natural catastrophes decrease insurance demand of affected households in Vietnam. The enhancement of insurance regulation not only increased insurance demand. It also reversed the effect of natural catastrophes on the property insurance demand of affected households. |
| Keywords: | Insurance Penetration,Natural Catastrophes,Insurance Regulation |
| JEL: | G22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc20:224551&r=all |
| By: | Julieta Vera Rueda (PSE - Paris School of Economics, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | I examine the causal effect of paternal absence during the first years of life on early childhood development. I take advantage of Young Lives study, a unique panel dataset including skill outcomes of pairs of siblings with different levels of paternal involvement. With a difference in difference approach, I first compare the younger sibling exposed to the father's absence in the early years versus the older one exposed at age 5. Then, I control for the gap in skills between siblings living in households with no absence. Results show that paternal absence in the early years leads to a relative worsening in nutritional outcomes when 5 years old. The gap persists when 8 and 12 years old, with no evidence of cumulative effects. On the contrary, younger siblings relatively outperform their older counterparts in cognition in Peru and Vietnam, sta tistically significant for the former country. These findings are consistent with critical windows for ability development during the first 1,000 days of life. I find support for this conclusion as I observe no strong evidence on differences in development when absence occurs at age 5 for the younger and 8 for the older sibling. |
| Keywords: | Early childhood development,Fatherhood,Developing countries |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-02978563&r=all |
| By: | Sergio Gusmão Suchodolski; Adauto Modesto Junior; Cinthia Helena De Oliveira Bechelaine; Leila Maria Bedeschi Costa |
| Abstract: | Financing the implementation of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been a development challenge since the establishment of the 2030 Agenda – especially under the unequal circumstances imposed by COVID-19. This paper aims to better inform this debate by highlighting the nature of Subnational Development Banks (SDBs) in the context of sustainable finance and how they operate within development networks.To this end, the research method used addresses a comparative study among countries that stand out for the number of subnational institutions in their development systems, Brazil and Vietnam. After comparing the Brazilian and Vietnamese particularities, we present concrete examples of SDBs working to connect local needs to the 2030 Agenda investments. As final conclusions, the study allows to demonstrate that, by being the last mile specialist on the ground, in different localities, with particular backgrounds and contexts, SDBs could be available channels to international resources to address financial needs of local firms and governments, improving both efficiency and effectiveness of development programs and funds. Highlighting the potential of SDBs, this analysis leaves possibilities for a future research agenda on more integrated national development finance systems focused on local impact.This Research Paper is published in the framework of the International Research Initiative on Public Development Banks working groups and released for the occasion of the 14th AFD International Research Conference on Development. It is part of the pilot research program “Realizing the Potential of Public Development Banks for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals”. This program was launched, along with the International Research Initiative on Public Development Banks (PDBs), by the Institute of New Structural Economics (INSE) at Peking University, and sponsored by the Agence française de développement (AFD), Ford Foundation and International Development Finance Club (IDFC).Have a look on the key findings for a quick overview of the research resultsSee the video pitch |
| Keywords: | Brésil, Vietnam |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2020–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en11686&r=all |
| By: | Nurhakim, Devitha; , Radita |
| Abstract: | Di zaman globalisasi ini, gaya hidup masyarakat Indonesia selalu berubah-ubah. Berbagai tren berbelanja diadaptasi oleh masyarakat Indonesia, mulai dari midnight shopping sampai yang sedang tren sekarang adalah berbelanja melalui internet (ecommerce) atau yang biasa disebut online shop. Dengan semakin maraknya penggunaan internet, perdagangan secara elektronik (ecommerce) dilakukan oleh bisnis-bisnis dengan berbagai ukuran. E-commerce didefenisiskan sebagai cara untuk menjual dan membeli barang-barang dan jasa lewat jaringan internet atau media social. Pada saat ini media sosial merupakan salah satu alat promosi bisnis yang efektif karena dapat diakses oleh siapa saja. Media sosial menjadi bagian yang sangat diperlukan oleh pemasar atau pelaku bisnis dan salah satu cara terbaik untuk menjangkau pelanggan secara luas. Bisnis tidak dapat dipisahkan dari aktivitas pemasaran. Sebab, pemasaran merupakan aktivitas perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan atas program yang dirancang untuk menghasilkan transaksi pada target pasar, guna memenuhi kebutuhan perseorangan atau kelompok berdasarkan asas saling menguntungkan melalui pemanfaatan produk, harga, promosi, dan distribusi. |
| Date: | 2020–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:pfw4r&r=all |
| By: | Mayang Rizky; Daniel Suryadarma; Asep Suryahadi |
| Abstract: | We use long-spanning individual longitudinal data to examine the long-term labour market outcomes of low-tier informal workers. We investigate their characteristics, calculate the extent of switching, and identify the characteristics of those who have switched. Finally, we estimate the earnings premium of switching. We find that individuals are negatively selected into low-tier informal work. Almost half of individuals who started out as a low-tier informal worker remained as low-tier informal workers through the next 8-19 years. The other half switched on average three times. |
| Keywords: | Earnings, Indonesia, Informal sector, Long-run effects |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2020-143&r=all |
| By: | Tran, Tuyen; Vu, Huong |
| Abstract: | Using a household panel dataset for the 2008-2016 period, we analyze the heterogeneous effects of livelihood change on household well-being in rural Vietnam. We use an unconditional quantile regression (UQR) model with fixed effects to control for unobservable time-invariant household characteristics. We find that when a fixed-effects estimator is employed, households switching from a crop livelihood to any non-crop livelihood (e.g., livestock, wage-earning, nonfarm or private transfer livelihoods) increase their per capita income and food consumption. However, the results from the UQR with fixed effects reveal a significant variation in the effect of such a switch in livelihood across various quantiles of well-being distribution, with a larger effect for poorer households. The income effect, however, tends to decline with higher quantiles and even turns negative with a switch to a wage-earning or public transfer livelihood for the better off. Notably, our study confirms the advantage for the poor of changing livelihood from crop to non-crop activities in rural Vietnam. Our research results also suggest that a mean regression approach, that often assumes a homogeneous/mean effect of livelihoods on well-being, may miss some heterogeneity that is useful to researchers and policy makers. |
| Keywords: | Cluster analysis; fixed effects; food consumption; livelihood; unconditional quantile regression |
| JEL: | J1 J11 O1 |
| Date: | 2019–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103849&r=all |
| By: | Kerem Coşar; Benjamin D. Thomas |
| Abstract: | Motivated by the historically tense geopolitical situation in Southeast Asia, we simulate the potential closure of key maritime waterways in the region to predict the impact on trade and welfare. We generate initial (unobstructed) and counterfactual (rerouted) least-cost maritime paths between trading countries, and use the distances of these routes in a workhorse model of international trade to estimate welfare effects. We find heterogeneous and economically significant reductions in real GDP, and show the magnitude of welfare loss is directly correlated with military spending as a proportion of GDP, suggesting nations may be responding to economic security threats posed by such potential conflicts. |
| JEL: | F14 F5 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28048&r=all |
| By: | Suprinyak, Carlos Eduardo; Assistant, JHET |
| Abstract: | Accounts of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s career usually focus on his pioneer contributions to mathematical economics during the 1930s and his later conversion to a critical approach to economic theory anchored on the entropy law. These disparate moments, however, were connected by Georgescu-Roegen’s strong attraction to the study of problems afflicting less developed societies. This began with his work on the agrarian economy of his native Romania, in the late 1940s, under the auspices of Harvard’s Russian Research Center. Thenceforth, he embarked on a journey that spawned his early interest in Leontief-type linear models, an extended tour of Southeast Asia commissioned by Vanderbilt University’s Graduate Program in Economic Development, and several visits to Brazil during the 1960s. The paper highlights these lesser-known aspects of Georgescu-Roegen’s trajectory, examining how he built on neo-populist writings from the early 20th century to construct an alternative to the mainstream emphasis on industrialization policies. |
| Date: | 2020–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8vybt&r=all |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet; Higano, Yoshiro; Nijkamp, Peter |
| Abstract: | Following this introductory chapter which comprises Part I of the book, there are eleven chapters and each of these chapters—written by an expert or by a team of experts—discusses a particular research question or questions about rural-urban dichotomies and spatial development in Asia. For ease of comprehension, we have divided the present volume containing twelve chapters into five parts. Part II of this book focuses on migration and this part consists of two chapters. Part III concentrates on the provision of goods and services and this part of the book consists of three chapters. Part IV focuses on conflict and this part consists of two chapters. The focus of the four chapters that comprise part V of this book is on reforms and their impacts. |
| Keywords: | Asia, Regional Impacts, Rural-Urban Dichotomy, Spatial Economic Development |
| JEL: | R11 R23 R28 |
| Date: | 2020–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103916&r=all |
| By: | Charaf Ech-Chatbi (X-DEP-MATHAPP - Département de Mathématiques Appliquées de l'École polytechnique - X - École polytechnique) |
| Abstract: | Our modern financial system traces its origin to the ancient Babylonian banking system. The same fractional lending idea that is used today was used by merchants in the regions of ancient Babylonia, Assyria and Sumeria around 2000 BC. Later, the idea found its way to ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, China, India and then to us. The fractional lending concept was not the fruit of scientific research like what is done in other scientific endeavors where most of the best ideas are the result of a long process of trial and error. Is it not time to rethink the way we do banking in this digital age and try other ideas? The last 40 years of cryptographic research culminated with the creation of Bitcoin currency system in 2009. We would like to expand on this and introduce three ideas to help rethink the banking system of the 21 st century: 1) the concept of a biometric currency, 2) the concept of being your own bank and issue your own loans with zero-interest rate 3) and redefining the fractional reserve lending. We propose a biometric currency concept that will enable people to self finance and to safely store their money in their hands. Contrary to cryptocurrencies that are issued by blockchain miners and Fiat currencies that are issued by bankers, Biom will be issued by everyone. The goal is to create from human life a precious asset like Gold that will benefit all. |
| Keywords: | Biometric Currency,Fractional Reserve Banking,Bit- coin,Cryptocurrency,Digital Currency,Banking System,Fractional Lend- ing,Quantitative Easing * One Raffles Quay,North Tower Level 35 048583 Singapore |
| Date: | 2020–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02975798&r=all |
| By: | Ye Zhang |
| Abstract: | This paper examines discrimination based on startup founders' gender, race, and age by early-stage investors, using two randomized controlled trials with real venture capitalists. The first experiment invites U.S. investors to evaluate multiple randomly generated startup profiles, which they know to be hypothetical, in order to be matched with real, high-quality startups from collaborating incubators. Investors can also donate money to randomly displayed startup teams to show their anonymous support during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second experiment sends hypothetical pitch emails with randomized startups' information to global venture capitalists and compares their email responses by utilizing a new email technology that tracks investors' detailed information acquisition behaviors. I find three main results: (i) Investors are biased towards female, Asian, and older founders in "lower contact interest" situations; while biased against female, Asian, and older founders in "higher contact interest" situations. (ii) These two experiments identify multiple coexisting sources of bias. Specifically, statistical discrimination is an important reason for "anti-minority" investors' contact and investment decisions, which was proved by a newly developed consistent decision-based heterogeneous effect estimator. (iii) There was a temporary, stronger bias against Asian founders during the COVID-19 outbreak, which started to fade in April 2020. |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2010.16084&r=all |
| By: | Srihitha Baswapoor (MA Environmental Economics(student), Madras School of Economics); Zareena Begum Irfan (Associate Professor, Madras School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Coral reefs are the most ancient and diverse eco-systems on earth, occupying less than 1 percent of the ocean floor and host more than 25 percent of all known marine species of the world. Reefs provide wide range of economic and environmental services to millions of people. Despite their immense importance, coral reefs are being damaged and destroyed due to natural and anthropogenic activities. If the same situation continues, by 2030, 90 percent of the reefs will be in danger and are likely to cause hunger, poverty and political instability around the world as the livelihoods of millions of people would disappear. In this context, studying the status of coral reefs and increasing threats to them becomes extremely important. The objective of this study is to focus on the exploitation of corals, understand their importance and analyse government policies intended for its conservation and management. The reef formation in India is restricted to four major centres Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Reefs provide ecosystem services such as provisional, regulatory, cultural and supporting services. Climate change impacts of coral reefs are coral bleaching, sea level rise, stronger storms, ocean acidification and ozone layer depletion. The current law and policy framework for coral reefs in India is virtually non-existent except its protection through five Marine Protected Areas. Brief insights into international policy framework on coral reefs indicates that Australia has done a lot towards private sector involvement and local community participation in conservation of coral reefs, both of which India lacks. Similarly, Indonesia has good public awareness campaigns and capacity building programmes which could be implemented in India to improve reefs. Major policy suggestion made for improving the coral reef ecosystems in India is to have a separate legal status for them so as to regulate and prevent harmful activities |
| Keywords: | Coral reefs, Conservation, Ecosystem services, Climate change and Policy |
| JEL: | Q22 Q25 Q26 Q57 Q58 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mad:wpaper:2018-175&r=all |
| By: | Chum, Antony; Teo, Celine; Azra, Karanpreet Kaur |
| Abstract: | Purpose While the association between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health has been widely studied in the general population, the effects of neighbourhood cohesion across ethnic groups is not well understood. Ethnicity is often left out of study design, many studies do not consider effect modification by ethnicity, or they rely on overly simplistic ethnic categories. Methods Data from the UK household longitudinal study was used to investigate whether changes in neighbourhood cohesion is independently associated with changes in mental health (measured using the GHQ) over 9 years (2009 to 2018), and whether the association differed across 17 ethnic groups. The study used a fixed-effect modelling approach that includes within-person estimators that allows each participant to act as their own control. Results Compared to British white, the following ethnic groups all saw a similar improvement in GHQ (-0.76, 95% CI -0.83 to -0.70) for each point increase in neighbourhood cohesion: Irish, any other White, White and Asian mixed, Chinese, Caribbean, African, any other Black, Arab, and others. Some ethnic groups saw stronger improvements in mental for each point increase in neighbourhood cohesion, including White and Black Caribbean mixed, any other mixed, Indian, Pakistani, any other Asian, with the strongest effect seen in Bangladeshi participants (-2.52. 95% CI -3.48 to -1.56). Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of ethnocultural data in research examining neighbourhood effects on mental health. Future research should evaluate policies to improve neighbourhood cohesion for ethnic minorities to address ethnic mental health disparities. |
| Date: | 2020–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uj6wa&r=all |
| By: | Kurniawan, Fuat Edi (Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)) |
| Abstract: | Kemunculan berbagai platform digital yang pada dasarnya telah membuka peluang kerja baru pada aspek informal, pada sisi lain pemilik modal justru mengaburkan hak-hak pekerja. Sebab hubungan kerja yang terbentuk hanyalah berbasis "virtual agreement". Klausul yang disepakati dalam perjanjian virtual tersebut jauh dari skema perjanjian kerja yang memberikan perlindungan bagi pekerja. Permasalahan ini juga memperlihatkan bagaimana Revolusi Industri 4.0 menciptakan banyak platform digital yang melahirkan bentuk eksploitasi gaya baru dan menunjukkan posisi utopis dari keberadaan teknologi digital dan internet. |
| Date: | 2019–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ahygn&r=all |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh (World Bank); Nguyen, Cuong Viet (National Economics University Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 outbreak has brought unprecedented disruptions to the global economies and has led to income loss and high unemployment rates. But scant, if any, evidence exists on gender gaps in economic outcomes such as income, expenditure, savings, and job loss in a multi-country setting. We investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on gender inequality in these outcomes using data from a six-country survey that covers countries in different geographical locations and at various income levels. Our findings suggest that women are 24 percent more likely to permanently lose their job than men because of the outbreak. Women also expect their labor income to fall by 50 percent more than men do. Perhaps because of these concerns, women tend to reduce their current consumption and increase savings. Factors such as the different participation rates in work industries for men and women may take an important part in explaining these gender gaps. Our estimates also point to country heterogeneity in these gender differences that is likely due to varying infection rates and shares of women in the labor force. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, gender gap, income, employment, job loss |
| JEL: | J16 J21 O12 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13824&r=all |
| By: | Kurniawan, Fuat Edi (Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)) |
| Abstract: | Hal yang paling mendasar dalam kedaulatan pangan tentu saja permasalahan petani. Pangan tidak hanya soal peningkatan produksi. Program dan kebijakan kedaulatan pangan masih menjadikan petani dan buruh tani hanya sebagai objek yang justru meminggirkannya. Dalam produksi pangan, mensyaratkan adanya demokrasi ekonomi, yang berarti bahwa hak kaum tani untuk membuat keputusan dan mencari nafkah harus ditegakkan, sementara elite dan korporasi masih mendominasi pasar pangan. Persoalan petani dan pangan tidak akan pernah usai apabila permainan harga komoditas pangan hasil pertanian yang dilakukan korporasi masih terus terjadi. Saat ini, sistem pangan dan pertanian global berada di bawah monopoli dan kekuasaan perusahaan raksasa yang berada di balik upaya "barbar" memaksakan kebijakan ekonomi neoliberal dan perdagangan bebas. |
| Date: | 2018–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yf9xg&r=all |
| By: | Alfredo SCHCLAREK; Jiajun XU |
| Abstract: | The authors analyze the exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks when MDBs lend, in hard currency, to NDBs, for NDBs to onlend to investment projects. Investment projects maybe “export-enhancing” (EXIPs), which generate hard currency (for example, building a port or developing export agriculture), or “domesticoriented” (DOIPs), which don’t generate hard currency (for example, a solar farm or a sewage system). If MDBs want to increase the proportion of onlending to DOIPs, they need to increase their refinancing to NDBs, and allow more time to pay back the loans. Further, MDBs need to reduce the interest rate charged on NDBs.This Research Paper is published in the framework of the International Research Initiative on Public Development Banks working groups and released for the occasion of the 14th AFD International Research Conference on Development. It is part of the pilot research program “Realizing the Potential of Public Development Banks for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals”. This program was launched, along with the International Research Initiative on Public Development Banks (PDBs), by the Institute of New Structural Economics (INSE) at Peking University, and sponsored by the Agence française de développement (AFD), Ford Foundation and International Development Finance Club (IDFC).Have a look on the key findings for a quick overview of the research resultsSee the video pitch |
| Keywords: | Indonésie, Vietnam |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2020–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en11707&r=all |