|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Yagi, Michiyuki; Kokubu, Katsuhiko |
| Abstract: | In the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations (UN), goal 12 (“ensure sustainable consumption and production [SCP] patterns”) has eight outcome targets (12.1-12.8) and three targets for the means of implementation (MoI) (12.a-12.c). This “SCP-via-SDGs” approach is a much narrower, specific concept based on historical agreements that range from the Stockholm conference (1972) to the 10-Year Framework of Programmes (10YFP) (2012-2022). Meanwhile, “the academic SCP” is a highly interdisciplinary and complex approach that pursues an answer to what sustainability is, and it has not explicitly provided the SCP-via-SDGs framework at present. Thus, this study proposes a five-by-five framework for the SCP-via-SDGs approach from the production perspective (i.e., for individual firms), following the literature on corporate environmental management. The five stages (I-V) consider environmental management systems (EMS; I. strategy and process) for target 12.4, environmental management accounting (EMA; II. accounting and disclosure) for 12.6, and environmental management control systems (EMCS; III. financial, IV. environmental, and V. overall performance) for 12.2. Meanwhile, the five factors (1-5) consider the baseline and material flow (MF) factors (total waste, hazardous waste, raw materials used, and recycled waste) for targets 12.3 and 12.5. As an application, this study surveyed non-financial listed firms in Vietnam and compared the results to a previous study on Thailand. The results show that the firms are more likely to be at stage III (financial performance of EMCS) in Thailand and stage I or II (EMS or EMA) in Vietnam, suggesting that each market requires its own SCP policies, depending on the economic growth of each. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development goals; Sustainable consumption and production; Environmental management systems; Environmental management accounting; Thailand and Vietnam |
| JEL: | M11 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103931&r=all |
| By: | Susanto, Stefanny Magdalena |
| Abstract: | Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara kepulauan yang memiliki sumber daya laut melimpah dan selalu menjadi target nelayan dari berbagai negara yang dilengkapi dengan alat pancing modern, sementara nelayan domestik masih dihadapkan pada sejumlah pembatasan terkait penggunaan alat pancing. Hal ini membuat pemerintah, melalui Kementerian Kelautan perikanan, membentuk kebijakan baru yaitu Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengelolaan Lobster dan Kepiting di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang memperbolehkan penggunaan alat tangkap yang pada kebijakan sebelumnya dilarang untuk digunakan. |
| Date: | 2020–10–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uz46f&r=all |
| By: | Thomas Markussen (DERG, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Smriti Sharma (Department of Economics, Newcastle University); Saurab Singhal (Department of Economics, Lancaster University & IZA); Finn Tarp (DERG, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of randomly introduced economic inequality on voluntary cooperation and whether this relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large-scale lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1,300 participants across rural Vietnam. Our results show that inequality adversely affects aggregate contributions, and this is on account of high endowment individuals contributing a significantly smaller share than those with low endowments. This negative effect of inequality on cooperation is exacerbated in high corruption environments. We find that corruption leads to more pessimistic beliefs about others' contributions in heterogeneous groups, and this is an important mechanism explaining our results. In doing so, we highlight the indirect costs of corruption that are understudied in the literature. These findings have implications for public policies aimed at resolving local collective action problems. |
| Keywords: | inequality, institutions, corruption, public goods, lab-in-field experiment |
| JEL: | H41 D73 D90 O12 |
| Date: | 2020–02–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kuderg:2003&r=all |
| By: | Markussen, Thomas (University of Copenhagen); Sharma, Smriti (Newcastle University); Singhal, Saurabh (Lancaster University); Tarp, Finn (University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of randomly introduced economic inequality on voluntary co- operation and whether this relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large-scale lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1,300 participants across rural Vietnam. Our results show that inequality adversely affects aggregate contributions, and this is on account of high endowment individuals contributing a significantly smaller share than those with low endowments. This negative effect of inequality on cooperation is exacerbated in high corruption environments. We find that corruption leads to more pessimistic beliefs about others' contributions in heterogeneous groups, and this is an important mechanism explaining our results. In doing so, we highlight the indirect costs of corruption that are understudied in the literature. These findings have implications for public policies aimed at resolving local collective action problems. |
| Keywords: | inequality, institutions, corruption, public goods, lab-in-field experiment |
| JEL: | H41 D73 D90 O12 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13812&r=all |
| By: | Putri, Desi Nirmala; fernos, jhon; Tanjung, Mariani St.B |
| Abstract: | This study aims to discuss how the margin calculation for refinancing at PT. Bank Muamalat, Padang branch. This analysis uses descriptive quantitative data expressed in the form of numerical results in an example of one sample, as well as descriptions from interviews with back to back financing margin calculations. This research sample was taken from one of the customers of PT. Bank Muamalat, Padang branch. The results of this study indicate the calculation of the refinancing margin at PT. Bank Muamalat Padang branch uses the annuity method to make a profit. The margin income earned from the customer is different every month and gets smaller, but the amount of payment from the installment principal plus the margin that the customer receives each month remains the same by increasing the principal amount every month |
| Date: | 2020–08–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:n8wk2&r=all |
| By: | Julieta Vera Rueda (PSE - Paris School of Economics, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | I examine the causal effect of paternal absence during the first years of life on early childhood development. I take advantage of Young Lives study, a unique panel dataset including skill outcomes of pairs of siblings with different levels of paternal involvement. With a difference in difference approach, I first compare the younger sibling exposed to the father's absence in the early years versus the older one exposed at age 5. Then, I control for the gap in skills between siblings living in households with no absence. Results show that paternal absence in the early years leads to a relative worsening in nutritional outcomes when 5 years old. The gap persists when 8 and 12 years old, with no evidence of cumulative effects. On the contrary, younger siblings relatively outperform their older counterparts in cognition in Peru and Vietnam, sta tistically significant for the former country. These findings are consistent with critical windows for ability development during the first 1,000 days of life. I find support for this conclusion as I observe no strong evidence on differences in development when absence occurs at age 5 for the younger and 8 for the older sibling. |
| Keywords: | Early childhood development,Fatherhood,Developing countries |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-02978563&r=all |
| By: | Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | André died in 2017, but our joint publications continue to live. |
| Date: | 2020–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:abje2&r=all |
| By: | Irfan, Muhammad; Shahudin, Faizah; Hooper, Vincent; Akram, Waqar; Ghani, Rosmaiza |
| Abstract: | This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students’ anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. We collected data from 958 students from 16 different universities using an originally designed questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7-item (GAD-7) was used to estimate the anxiety. We find that 12.3% students were normal, whereas 30.5% were experiencing mild, 31.1% moderate, and 26.1% severe anxiety. Surprisingly, only 37.2% of students were aware of mental health support which was provided by their universities. Moreover, it was found that gender as male (Odds Ratio (OR= 0.798, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 0.61 - 1.04)) and having internet access (OR = 0.44, 95% CI= 0.24 - 0.80) were alleviating factors for the anxiety. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96 - 1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95 - 3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44 - 2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34 - 2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17 -1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06 - 2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. We suggest that the government of Malaysia should monitor the mental health of the universities’ students more closely and universities should open online mental health support clinics to avoid the adverse impacts of the anxiety disorder. |
| Keywords: | Covid-19, Anxiety, GAD7, online Learning. |
| JEL: | I0 |
| Date: | 2020–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103808&r=all |
| By: | widyani, tita pratiwi |
| Abstract: | Gelombang keempat revolusi industri ditandai dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi, kecerdasan buatan, dan mesin atau kendaraan otomatis yang telah berlangsung sejak tahun 2011, dimana mesin-mesin tersebut telah terintegrasi dengan jaringan internet bahkan beberapa negara telah mampu mewujudkannya. cara yang lebih efisien dengan mengintegrasikan sistem produksi industri dari hulu ke hilir. Misalnya, industri otomotif menggunakan lebih banyak teknologi informasi untuk merampingkan rantai nilai yang mencakup penelitian, pengembangan, dan desain, pembuatan produk, distribusi, purna jual, dan daur ulang |
| Date: | 2020–10–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:s2qjh&r=all |
| By: | Khuong, Phuong M.; Scheller, Fabian; McKenna, Russell; Keles, Dogan; Fichtner, Wolf |
| Abstract: | Photovoltaic (PV) has recorded an impressive development in the last years. The increasing economic potential and further technological improvement will continue to reduce the cost of PV. However, it is not yet well adopted by household customers. Adversely, there is lacking empirical evidence for understanding residential PV adoption behaviour, which this study addresses with empirical research. Although a variety of models can be used to explain social acceptance (SA) and willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy, they overlook the connection between SA and WTP in the final purchase decision of a decision-maker. Based on a survey of both SA and WTP in the same observation sample of 2039 Vietnamese residents, this study introduces well-established models with a new linking psychological and economic aspects to measure multiple outcomes involving residential PV behaviours to testing hypotheses with no precedent in the literature. The theoretical and integrative moderated mediation models help to understand residential PV behaviour and suggest solutions for development by revealing how different factors affect SA and WTP in different manners. Environmental interest reveals the predictive power within the SA and WTP behaviour models. Meanwhile, PV knowledge drives SA, but not WTP in Vietnam. Attitude and Perceived behavioural control not only impact SA and WTP directly but also mediate the effect of Environmental interest and SA and WTP. Age & Marital status & Children and Place of residence are important covariates that drive in the SA and WTP models, respectively. Lastly, Income is the covariate in the SA model, but the moderator in the WTP model. In practical implications, this study provides evidence that residential PV is a lifestyle product rather than an economical product, but it is not considered as an essential good for household customers. Thereby, suggestions are given to policymakers and stakeholders to promote market development. |
| Keywords: | Developing country,Willingness to pay,Social acceptance,Residential photovoltaic |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitiip:46&r=all |
| By: | Hakan Yilmazkuday (Department of Economics, Florida International University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes whether social distancing experienced by alternative demographic groups within the U.S. has been different amid COVID-19. The formal investigation is achieved by using daily state-level mobility data from the U.S. covering information on the demographic categories of income, education and race/ethnicity. The results show that social distancing has been experienced more by higher-income, higher-educated or Asian people after the declaration of National Emergency on March 13th, 2020. Since alternative demographic groups were subject to alternative employment opportunities during this period (e.g., due to being able to work from home), it is implied that COVID-19 has redistributive effects that require demographic-group specific policies. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, Coronavirus, Social Distancing, Demographics, Income, Education, Race |
| JEL: | I10 I18 I20 J15 O15 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fiu:wpaper:2006&r=all |
| By: | Gallant, Richard |
| Abstract: | This paperwork was made in order for people to understanding the cause of lobster that hard to get and the cause of it |
| Date: | 2020–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8bcm9&r=all |
| By: | Jaime de Melo (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, UNIGE - Université de Genève); Jean-Marc Solleder (UNIGE - Université de Genève); Zakaria Sorgho (African Centre for International Trade and Development (ACINTD), Centre for Inter-disciplinary Studies on International Trade and Investment (CISIT) - Laval University - Laval University, Quebec, Canada, FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | Treaties implemented by Regional Organizations (ROs) among which the eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) have piloted integration across the African continent. The recently created Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), effective since May 2019, is the latest effort along the roadmap started with the Abuja Treaty of 1994 and continued with the launch of ‘Agenda 2063' on the 50th anniversary of the OAU. This primer has three objectives: take stock of progress at market integration and understand the causes of the African ‘proximity gap'; summarize and provide new evidence on the extent of integration, and; discuss challenges ahead. The ambitious objectives of the AfCFTA among highly diverse economies is suggestive of a trilemma: (i) solidarity (calls for special and differential treatment); (ii) build large markets (calls for the removal of all policy-imposed barriers to trade to reap economies of scale); (iii) ‘deep' integration (calls for covering behind-the-border measures). The example of the negotiations for the Tripartite FTA illustrates the difficulties of accommodating differences in preferences in a group of 28 countries. This ambitious agenda in a setting of limited implementation capabilities raises the specter of capability traps. Lowering regional trade costs is key for a successful AfCFTA. Model-based calculations show that these costs have fallen over the last two decades, but not faster than elsewhere so that Africa has not improved its relative position. Estimates of the intensity of bilateral trade in parts and components are positively related to measures of ‘deep integration', an indication of the importance of tackling ‘behind-the-border' measures affecting trade, an objective of phase II of the AfCFTA. Estimates of the correlates of bilateral trade costs give support to measures promoting ‘deep' integration. An outcome indicator of the thickness of borders based on changes in light-intensity along all major cross-border African roads shows that over the period 2000-13, the thickness of African borders has fallen. All RECs are lagging MERCOSUR and ASEAN in supply chain trade. Over the 1990-2015 period, participation has been limited to the downstream side (i.e. value-added exports enter mostly as inputs into exports of importing countries) with partners outside the region which is in contrast with MERCOSUR and ASEAN where all value chains have developed with regional partners. In the case of ASEAN, the share of trade involving partners outside the region has stayed constant over the 25 period while the share of Regional Value Chain (RVC) trade only involving RTA partners has more than doubled from 7 percent to 17 percent. By 2015, ASEAN's RVC share was about 6 times higher than the RVC rate for SADC, the REC with the most RVC integration. This suggests that intra-regional trade costs have fallen in MERCOSUR and ASEAN but not across the RECs. In short, African countries still have to produce a complete product in order to enter a new product line. The review singles out two areas for reducing intra-regional trade costs: adopting simple rules of origin, i.e. rules that are business friendly rather than business owned (details in annex A3) and ‘taking seriously' the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). New estimates suggest that if the average time in customs for imports at the African Union level were to be reduced to the average time for exports, that is reduced by 49 hours, this would be equivalent to a reduction of 2.7% on tariffs in importing countries. The greatest challenge ahead is increasing the provision of Regional Public Goods (RPGs). These are under-provided across the continent. Because this primer is mostly about economic integration, we only cover evidence of RPGs in two areas: peace and security and cross-border infrastructure. For both, the evidence suggests that provision of these RPGs has been low. Greater provision would be conducive, if not essential, to the success of African regional integration. |
| Date: | 2020–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02972147&r=all |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh (World Bank); Malesky, Edmund (Duke University); Nguyen, Cuong Viet (National Economics University Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Despite a rich literature studying the impact of inequality on policy outcomes, there has been limited effort to bring these insights into the debates about comparative support for government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We fill in this gap by analyzing rich survey data from six countries spanning different income levels and geographical locations — China, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We find that poorer individuals are less supportive of government responses, and that poorest individuals are least supportive. Furthermore, poorer individuals residing in more economically unequal countries offer even less government support. We also find that both economic and non-economic factors could affect the poor's decisions to support stringent government policies. These findings suggest that greater transfers to the poor may ameliorate their resistance, increase support for strict policies, and may reduce the potential deepening of social inequalities caused by the pandemic. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, inequality, income quintiles, poverty |
| JEL: | D0 H0 I3 O1 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13816&r=all |
| By: | Crombach, Lamar Gerard Alfons (KOF Swiss Economic Institute ETH Zürich); Smits, Jeroen |
| Abstract: | Data for 91 low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) are used to investigate the effect of the demographic transition on economic growth at sub-national level. We introduce a detailed classification of demographic window (DW) phases, determine how these phases are distributed among and within LMICs, and analyze the relationship between the DW and economic growth for 1,921 urban and rural areas of sub-national regions. Many regions in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East have entered the window, but most of sub-Saharan Africa is still in the traditional or pre-window phase. Multilevel analyses reveal higher growth rates in areas with lower and decreasing dependency ratios. Demographic effects are stronger in rural, more developed and more educated regions. Findings indicate that, in the coming years, the DW might strengthen economic growth in rural areas of LMICs, and particularly if accompanied by investments in education and rural development. |
| Date: | 2020–11–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:pytqe&r=all |
| By: | Barruga, Bernard; Delavin, Elreen; Turco, Rocel |
| Abstract: | Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have been touted to reduce poverty in developing countries. Various methods have been used to assess the effectiveness of CCT programs but little attention has been devoted to finding out whether the grantees had benefited on an individual level. This study aimed to determine the enrollment status and academic performance of the pioneer beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), a human development program of the Philippine national government using the CCT scheme in a barangay situated in a poor municipality and province. Using data from the parent leader and from the scholastic records, it was found out that the program had a positive impact on the education of the pioneer children beneficiaries of the locality studied and it was highly successful in attaining its aim of making poor children stay in school. The study argues for the tracking of individual grantees as a measure of the CCT program’s success. Due to the study’s inherent limitations and exploratory nature, the following are recommended: replicate the study on a larger scale; continue tracking the pioneer as well as the other beneficiaries of the program to see whether its long-term desired outcomes are met; and study its possible negative aspects and effects. For educators handling 4Ps pupils and students, it is recommended that continuing to strictly implement compliance of family recipients with their co-responsibilities in the program is desired. |
| Date: | 2020–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:9ftq6&r=all |
| By: | Chatterji, Shurojit (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Zeng, Huaxia (Shanghai University of Finance and Economics) |
| Abstract: | We provide an exhaustive classification of all preference domains that allow the design of unanimous social choice functions (henceforth, rules) that are non-dictatorial and strategy-proof. This taxonomy is based on a richness assumption and employs a simple property of two-voter rules called invariance. The preference domains that form the classification are semi-single-peaked domains (introduced by Chatterji et al. (2013)) and semi-hybrid domains (introduced here) which are two appropriate weakenings of the single-peaked domains, and which, more importantly, are shown to allow strategy-proof rules to depend on non-peak information of voters’ preferences. As a refinement of the classification, single-peaked domains and hybrid domains emerge as the only preference domains that force strategy-proof rules to be determined completely by the peaks of voters’ preferences. We also provide characterization results for strategy-proof rules on these domains. |
| Keywords: | Strategy-proofness; invariance; path-connectedness; (semi)-singlepeaked preference; (semi)-hybrid preference |
| JEL: | D71 |
| Date: | 2020–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2020_022&r=all |
| By: | Kunimoto, Takashi (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Saran, Rene (University of Cincinnati); Serrano, Roberto (Brown University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates rationalizable implementation of social choice functions (SCFs) in incomplete information environments. We identify weak interim rationalizable monotonicity (weak IRM) as a novel condition and show that weak IRM is a necessary and almost sufficient condition for rationalizable implementation. We show by means of an example that interim rationalizable monotonicity (IRM), found in the literature, is strictly stronger than weak IRM as its name suggests, and that IRM is not necessary for rationalizable implementation, as had been previously claimed. The same example also demonstrates that Bayesian monotonicity, the key condition for full Bayesian implementation, is not necessary for rationalizable implementation. This implies that rationalizable implementation can be more permissive than Bayesian implementation: one can exploit the fact that there are no mixed Bayesian equilibria in the implementing mechanism. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian incentive compatibility; bayesian monotonicity; weak interim rationalizable monotonicity; interim rationalizable monotonicity; implementation; rationalizability |
| JEL: | C72 D78 D82 |
| Date: | 2020–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2020_021&r=all |
| By: | McGee, Andrew (University of Alberta); McGee, Peter (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | What can employers learn from personality tests when job applicants have incentives to misrepresent themselves? Using a within-subject, laboratory experiment, we compare personality measures with and without incentives for misrepresentation. Incentivized personality measures are weakly to moderately correlated with non-incentivized measures in most treatments but are correlated with intelligence when test-takers have information about desired personalities or are warned that responses may be verified. We document that actual job ads provide information about desired personalities and that employers in the UK who administer personality tests are also likely to administer intelligence tests despite the potential for substitution between the tests. |
| Keywords: | personality, measurement, hiring, screening, experiments |
| JEL: | C91 D82 M50 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13809&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaounde, Cameroon); Usman M. Usman (University of Malaya, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | We provide theoretical and practical perspectives on children, women, and sex trafficking during the Covid-19 pandemic. Process tracing is employed as a primary research instrument. It is an analytical technique used for either theory-building or theory-testing purposes that is employed to elucidate causation and change as well as to develop and evaluate extant theories in social sciences. We illustrate that a policy is needed that will strengthen the capacity of existing structures in the fight against the underlying trafficking so that these attendant structures are efficiently used to stop the trafficking and avoid the corresponding threats to public health safety. |
| Keywords: | Coronavirus, pandemic, human trafficking, girls and women, feminism |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:20/082&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaounde, Cameroon); Usman M. Usman (University of Malaya, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | We provide theoretical and practical perspectives on children, women, and sex trafficking during the Covid-19 pandemic. Process tracing is employed as a primary research instrument. It is an analytical technique used for either theory-building or theory-testing purposes that is employed to elucidate causation and change as well as to develop and evaluate extant theories in social sciences. We illustrate that a policy is needed that will strengthen the capacity of existing structures in the fight against the underlying trafficking so that these attendant structures are efficiently used to stop the trafficking and avoid the corresponding threats to public health safety. |
| Keywords: | Coronavirus, pandemic, human trafficking, girls and women, feminism |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:20/082&r=all |