|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Katalin Völgyi (Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute of World Economics, Budapest) |
| Abstract: | This study deals with the outward FDI of six Asian emerging economies (South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam) in Visegrad Group countries. Its main aim is to determine the motives and pull factors for these investments. The investigation is mainly based on company data provided by AMADEUS, and information collected from company interviews and websites, investment promotion agencies, embassies, ministries, and relevant media. The findings show that South Korea is one of the most important non-European FDI source countries for the V4. Of the six Asian countries, the second largest investor is Taiwan. The four ASEAN countries have only small and sporadic investments in V4 countries. South Korean, Taiwanese and ASEAN companies in the V4 have been operating in various manufacturing and services sectors such as automotive, electronics, food, chemical, logistics, finance, real estate, construction, warehousing & storage, IT services, wholesale & retail trade, accommodation, and catering. The study investigates the motives and pull factors for Asian investments only in the automotive and electronics sector which are the most preferred sectors. The evidence shows that market-seeking and efficiency-seeking motivations are behind these investments. The main pull factors of the V4 are the following: free access to the EU market (EU membership since 2004), relatively low-cost production base, skilled labour, government incentives, and relatively developed infrastructure, anti-dumping measure of the EU, and presence of large home-country purchasers of components manufacturers. |
| Keywords: | FDI, South Korea, Taiwan, ASEAN countries, Visegrad Group |
| JEL: | F21 F23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:11113157&r=all |
| By: | Thitiwan Sricharoen (Faculty of Economics at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha Campus, Tambon Tungsukha, Sriracha District, Chonburi, Thailand Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of research is to address and seek to answer leading questions concerning migration, with a focus on migration remittances, and management relating to remittance. Methodology/Technique - The survey was conducted in 2018. In this study, a total of 511 migrant workers from Cambodia, Myanmar and Lao were interviewed. The methodology of this research applies a probit regression analysis. Results - The findings show that repeated migrants who are not first-time migrants are a highly specific group with 54.74%. First-time migrants are most likely to send remittances home while working in Thailand, accounting for approximately 2,826 Baht per month. However, this number decreases among second-time migrants who typically send remittances of approximately 2,331 Baht per month. The saving behavior is not different between first-time migrants and second-time migrants, who save a portion of their earnings. Nonetheless, this number rises to 50% for third and subsequent migrants. An estimation of all migrant's nationalities indicates that the variables that have the most influence on remittances in a positive way are: being of Cambodian nationality, experiencing a burden among their family, being in need of social assistance, being Myanmar migrants and household size, respectively. On the other hand, the variables that effect remittances in a negative way include: attaining below primary school education, education level (in year), real estate owned, and number of migrating household members in Thailand, respectively. Novelty - The findings of this research show that those who graduate with less than primary level education are more likely to send money home compared to those who complete their primary school education. The policy recommendations made by this study include a recommendation that banks decrease money transferring costs, employers to pay salary through banking accounts and migrants to remit money through formal channels. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | International Migration; Remittances; Labor Mobility. |
| JEL: | F22 F24 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber191&r=all |
| By: | Carolyn Fischer; Timothy Meyer |
| Abstract: | EU-Biodiesel (Indonesia) is the latest in two lines of cases. On the one hand, the case offers yet another example of the Dispute Settlement Body striking down creative interpretations of antidumping rules by developed countries. Applying the Appellate Body’s decision in EU-Biodiesel (Argentina), the panel found that the EU could not use antidumping duties to counteract the effects of Indonesia’s export tax on palm oil. On the other hand, the decision is another chapter in the battle over renewable energy markets. Both the EU and Indonesia had intervened in their markets to promote the development of domestic biodiesel industries. The panel’s decision prevents the EU from using antidumping duties to preserve market opportunities created by its Renewable Energy Directive for its domestic biodiesel producers. The EU has responded in two ways. First, through regulations that disfavor palm-based biodiesel, but not biodiesel made from other foodstocks, such as rapeseed oil commonly produced in the EU. Second, the EU has imposed countervailing duties on Indonesian biodiesel, finding that Indonesia’s export tax on crude palm oil constitutes a subsidy to Indonesian biodiesel producers. The EU’s apparently inelastic demand for protection raises two questions: First, when domestic political bargains rest on both protectionist and non-protectionist motives and policies have both protectionist and non-protectionist effects, what are the welfare consequences of restraining only overt protectionism? Second, under what circumstances may regulatory approaches be even less desirable than duties for addressing combined protectionist and environmental interests, and would the WTO have the right powers to discipline them in an environmentally sound way? |
| Keywords: | World Trade Organization, antidumping, biodiesel, climate governance, economic development. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2019/80&r=all |
| By: | Ngo, Chin; Nguyen, Quyen Le Hoang Thuy To; Nguyen, Phong Thanh |
| Abstract: | The research has been conducted to explore the combination of three intangible resources, including social capital, entrepreneurship, and resilience capability on the performance of State Capital Enterprises (SCEs) in Vietnam. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are applied in the study. An in-depth interview of ten CEOs at SCEs in Vietnam was made to explore new indicators for the contextual latent variables in the research models. By employing the data from the authors’ survey of 568 SCEs in Vietnam in 2019, using Cronbach’s alpha, confrmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis (SEM), the mechanism that social capital impacts on SCE performance has been analyzed. In addition to the direct role, social capital indirectly affects corporate performance through entrepreneurship and resilience capability. It was found that social capital has a larger impact on entrepreneurship than resilience capacity. However, the contribution of resilience capacity to the frm performance is much more than the entrepreneurship’s in Vietnamese context. This study enriches the theory by proposing a measurement scale of the contextual latent variables as a result of in-depth interviews with experts using a qualitative analysis technique. In addition, the path analysis fndings suggest practical implications for managers to effectively use their resources in SCEs. |
| Keywords: | Social Capital, Entrepreneurship, Resilience Capability, Performance, State-Owned Enterprises, State-Capital Enterprises |
| JEL: | E24 J24 L31 |
| Date: | 2020–04–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103440&r=all |
| By: | Minten, Bart; Oo, Than Zaw; Headey, Derek D.; Lambrecht, Isabel; Goudet, Sophie |
| Abstract: | It is feared that the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to widespread increases in global poverty and food insecurity and that these negative impacts will concentrate on the most vulnerable segments of the population (Swinnen and McDermott 2020). Although Myanmar, with one of the lowest COVID-19 infection rates in the world, has been spared the worst direct impacts of the disease, its economy remains highly vulnerable to the economic fallout of the contagion. A major contributor to increased food insecurity in Myanmar is the reduction of income among vulnerable populations (Diao et al. 2020), partly due to significant declines in remittances in the country (Diao and Wang 2020). In addition, disruptions to food marketing systems and changes in farm and consumer prices could also turn out to be major drivers of food insecurity. Changes in food markets – including supply of commodities and transport - and food and agricultural prices are an obvious concern to policy makers, given the importance of agricultural prices for the income of farmers and food prices for the purchasing power of consumers. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, food supply, food prices, prevention, COVID-19, consumer behaviour, policies, food security, food vendors, COVID-19 prevention measures, wet markets |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:30&r=all |
| By: | Arief Helmi (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Yuyus Sudarma Author-2-Workplace-Name: University of Padjadjaran, Jl Dipatiukur 35, Bandung, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - One of the central considerations to any marketing strategy is the specific patterns displayed by consumers, also known as their 'shopping style'. The importance of shopping style has scarcely been researched in the context of Indonesian consumers. Methodology/Technique - This study seeks to understand the effect of shopping style as a market segment on the perception of marketing practices in the modern retail industry. The study is an exploratory survey study using 900 samples of Indonesian shoppers in the modern market. Findings & Novelty - This study concludes that the majority of consumers in Indonesia exhibit an economical and promotional sensitive style of shopping. They are also identified as brand-oriented shoppers and moderate perfectionists. It also verifies two segments of the Indonesian consumer market: recreational shopper and utilitarian. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Market Segmentation; Recreational Shopper; Shopping Style; Utilitarian Shopper. |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr250&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc |
| Abstract: | Fiscal decentralization has attracted attention from government, academic studies, and international institutions with the aims of enhancing economic growth in recent years. One of the difficult issues is to measure satisfactorily the degree of fiscal decentralization across countries. The fiscal decentralisation index, the first of its kind, was recently developed in 2010. This newly developed index accounts for both fiscal autonomy and fiscal importance of subnational governments. We argue that while Vo’s index is an advance on current practice, it is still not perfect as it assumes there is no dispersion of revenue and expenditure across regions. In response to this weakness, fiscal entropy and fiscal inequality measures are developed using information theory. It is shown how fiscal inequality can be decomposed regionally and hierarchically. These ideas are illustrated with an emerging country data— Vietnam—pertaining to the national, provincial, and local levels of governments. |
| Keywords: | Autonomy, fiscal decentralisation index, theil’s entropy, vietnam |
| JEL: | H1 H11 H29 H53 |
| Date: | 2019–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103277&r=all |
| By: | Eli Remolona; James Yetman |
| Abstract: | As the most liquid of instruments, benchmark bonds play an important role in price discovery. Where markets fail to create them, however, can governments do so? In Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, authorities have designated specific bonds as benchmarks. We measure these bonds’ liquidity and find that they succeed as benchmarks about 55% of the time. In contrast to the experience of large advanced markets, our estimates suggest that choosing on-the-run issues as de jure benchmark bonds is a poor strategy. Instead, what leads to success in emerging markets is choosing seasoned bonds that already have a record of superior liquidity. |
| Keywords: | Benchmark bond, price discovery, market liquidity, informational public good, recycling, de jure, de facto, wannabe benchmark, seasoned, selection bias, probit model, inverse Mills ratio, on the run, recycled. |
| JEL: | G10 G12 G14 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2020-84&r=all |
| By: | Headey, Derek D.; Goudet, Sophie; Lambrecht, Isabel; Oo, Than Zaw; Maffioli, Elisa Maria; Field, Erica; Toth, Russell |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a global economic crisis from which very few countries will be spared. As a result of few COVID-19 cases, a relatively short-lived lockdown, and economic momentum prior to COVID-19, Myanmar is one of the few developing countries that the World Bank (2020) forecasts will not go into recession in 2020 – a very modest expansion of just 0.87 percent is forecast. A Social Accounting Matrix multiplier analysis by IFPRI projected a 0.50 percent expansion under a fast economic recovery scenario, but a 2.00 percent contraction under a slow economic recovery scenario (Diao et al., 2020). The IFPRI study projects massive declines in GDP across a range of sectors during lockdown periods, including large increases in unemployment (5 million during the lockdown period) and declines in household income of 20 to 30 percent for April to June, albeit with fast recovery thereafter. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, poverty, food security, rural areas, urban areas, households, diet, cash transfers, social protection, surveys, employment, economic recovery, Covid-19, Rural and Urban Food Security Survey (RUFSS) |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:27&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Ragasa, Catherine; Mahrt, Kristi; Aung, Zin Wai; Wang, Michael |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, agricultural production, rural areas, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, irrigation, livelihoods, households, income, nutrition, cash transfers, social protection, employment, Covid-19, income loss |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese20&r=all |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Belton, Ben; Ei Win, Hnin; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, poultry, farmers, broiler chickens, prices, cash flow, peri-urban agriculture, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese28&r=all |
| By: | Wipawee Grisanaputi (Department of Social Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand Author-2-Name: Uthumporn Lordko Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The objectives of this research are to study the establishment and management of indigo weaving groups in Sakon Nakhon Province. Methodology/Technique - The study is comprised of qualitative research. The data was collected from focus group discussions with participants from the District Community Development Office of Sakon Nakhon Province and an in-depth interview with the villagers and members of indigo weaving groups. The data was analyzed using content analysis and descriptive analysis. Finding - The results indicate that indigo weaving groups have been established in a variety of ways such as the informal gathering of indigo-dyed weavers, more formal groups on the advice of local administrative organizations and on the recommendation of governmental organizations. The indigo weaving groups' management consisted of many aspects including the group administration, production planning, producing, product development, marketing, public relations, financing, and accounting. Novelty - To reduce the fixed-cost of buying indigo dyes and to increase the depth of the colour, an indigo weaving group dyed its fabric by mixing indigo dye with Marsdenia tinctoria R. Br.. The study also found that traditional beliefs complicated the weavers' decision making about the dyeing, especially the belief that colour does not bind to the fabric if the dyeing is performed on Buddhist Holy Days. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Community Economy; Community Enterprise; Group Management; Indigo; Sakon Nakhon Province. |
| JEL: | D00 O12 Z1 Z13 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr568&r=all |
| By: | Thanapum Limsiritong (Graduate school of Media and Governance, Keio University, Japan Author-2-Name: Tomoyuki Furutani Author-2-Workplace-Name: Keio university, 5322 Endo Kanagawa, 252-0882, Fujisawa, Japan Author-3-Name: Karnjira Limsiritong Author-3-Workplace-Name: Siam University, 38 Petchkasame rd Bangwa Phasi Charoen, 10160, Bangkok, Thailand Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - When a major problem in governance policies creates great difficulties for the development of the global community, this has an influence of society's awareness of concepts such as racism, discrimination and conflict issues which have an impact on the decision making process of future generations of multiracial and foreigner migrants. Identity of nationality can also be used to explain changes in the structure of a county. This research aims to: (1) study the variables of nationality decision making factors among multiracial Thai-Japanese groups in Thailand; (2) categorize the factor extraction of Exploratory Factor Analysis on nationality decision making of multiracial Thai-Japanese groups in Thailand; and (3) explore the relationships between important factors of nationality decision making factor units among multiracial Thai-Japanese groups in Thailand. Methodology/Technique - The sample was research on educational models on the type of thesis at the graduate level from 2013 to present. The research instruments took three forms. The data analysis method used was the ATLAS.ti program using content analysis, frequency, and percentage. Finding - There were 685 valid respondents obtained using an online purposive sampling questionnaire survey in acknowledgement of organizations (Bangkok, Chon Buri & Chiangmai). The results indicate there are 3 factors of Thailand and 4 factors of Japan categorized for nationality decision making using exploratory factor analysis. Furthermore, the significance of each factor of Thailand and Japan affects nationality decision making. Finding - As a result of the binary logistic regression analysis, social structure, individual stability and country structure developments were identified as having a primary role in nationality decision making (Thai/Japanese/ and not decided or dual nationality). Novelty - The results enable an understanding of the Thai and Japanese international community transformation and development from the perspective of nationality decision making. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Exploratory Factor Analysis; Thai-Japanese; Nationality Decision Making. |
| JEL: | O19 O20 O38 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr570&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Headey, Derek D.; Oo, Than Zaw; Goudet, Sophie |
| Abstract: | Myanmar has been fortunate in thus far having one of the lowest caseloads of COVID-19 per population globally, with under 400 confirmed cases as of early August. However, as a developing economy still beset by high rates of poverty and vulnerability, Myanmar is highly susceptible to the economic and social disruptions stemming from COVID-19. These disruptions began with the closure of the Chinese border and the cessation of agricultural exports in late January, followed in February and March by further disruptions to trade, tourism, manufacturing, and remittances. However, an economic simulation analysis by Diao et al. (2020) suggests that the most severe economic impacts of COVID-19 stemmed from the temporary lockdown policies imposed in late March, which – though necessary to prevent the further spread of the virus – led to significant disruptions throughout the economy, including the agri-food sector and the rural economy. Phone survey evidence on agricultural and industrial value chains demonstrates that economic disruptions related to COVID-19 are pervasive and significant (Fang et al, 2020; Goeb, Boughton, and Maredia 2020; Goeb et al. 2020, Takeshima, Win, and Masias 2020a, 2020b). In aggregate, economic simulations predict a modest contraction in Myanmar’s gross domestic product in 2020 (compared to rapid growth forecasted in the absence of COVID-19), but a more significant reduction in household incomes at around 12 percent on average. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, economic impact, rural areas, urban areas, surveys, social protection, migration, agricultural production, remittances, health, health services, trade, policies, households, Covid-19, phone surveys, Covid-19 prevention measures |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:29&r=all |
| By: | Goeb, Joseph; Nang Lun Kham Synt; A. Myint Zu; Boughton, Duncan; Maredia, Mywish K. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural input retailers play a key role in Myanmar’s agri-food system by supplying farmers with fertilizer, seed, pesticides, and other inputs necessary for successful harvests. Because farm-level input use is an important driver of yields for all major food crops, shocks from the COVID-19 crisis to the input retail sector have major implications for rural household welfare as well as food security. In this policy note, we present results and analysis on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural input retailers from a five-round telephone panel survey of between 150 and 200 retailers in Shan, Kachin, Bago, Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, and Mandalay that was implemented every two weeks from mid-May to late July 2020. 1 The objective of this survey was to provide data and insights to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MOALI) and agricultural sector stakeholders so that they better understand the nature of COVID-19 related shocks to Myanmar’s agricultural input retailers. Previous policy notes2 mostly focused on the survey rounds individually, tracking the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural input retailers as they were happening. In this note, we take a more comprehensive approach by looking back over all five survey rounds to understand how the effects of the COVID-19 crisis evolved over time. In particular, this note presents results from May 2020 through July 2020 across the five survey rounds on (i) disruptions caused by the COVID-19 crisis, (ii) responses to these disruptions, (iii) sales of fertilizer, maize seed, vegetable seed, and pesticides, and (iv) input retailers’ employees and hired labor. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, farm inputs, retail markets, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:31&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaounde, Cameroons); Samba Diop (Alioune Diop University, Bambey, Senegal); Joseph Nnanna (The Development Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to understand how countries have leveraged on their economic resilience to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. The focus is on a global sample of 150 countries divided into four main regions, namely: Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East, America and Europe. The study develops a health vulnerability index (HVI) and leverages on an existing economic resilience index (ERI) to provide four main scenarios from which to understand the problem statement, namely: ‘low HVI-low ERI’, ‘high HVI-low ERI’, ‘high HVI-high ERI’ and ‘low HVI-high ERI’ quadrants. It is assumed that countries that have robustly fought the pandemic are those in the ‘low HVI-high ERI’ quadrant and to a less extent, countries in the ‘low HVI-low ERI’ quadrant. Most European countries, one African country (i.e. Rwanda), four Asian countries (Japan, China, South Korea and Thailand) and six American countries (USA, Canada, Uruguay, Panama, Argentina and Costa Rica) are apparent in the ideal quadrant. |
| Keywords: | Novel coronavirus, health vulnerability, economic resilience |
| JEL: | E10 E12 E20 E23 I10 I18 |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:20/074&r=all |
| By: | Quoc Vu, Thong; Phu Pham, Cuong; Anh Nguyen, Thu; Thanh Nguyen, Phong; Thanh Phan, Phuong; Le Hoang Thuy To Nguyen, Quyen |
| Abstract: | A construction project is a designed product made up of labors, materials, and installations in the project positioned on the ground and may include the underground and ground section, and the section in water or on the water surface. It is a civil, industrial, transport, agricultural and rural development, infrastructure, or some other. A key phase in the life cycle of these construction projects is the implementation when building products are made directly with workers, equipment, materials, and managers. If there is a lack of management experience, information, and problem-solving solutions to tackle the risks faced by contractors, especially foreign ones, will fail in controlling the project’s cost. This study was conducted with investigations, discussions, and evaluation of the factors that lead to cost overruns in the construction projects of international contractors in Vietnam. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that those factors that influence cost overruns these construction projects fall into five general groups, including factors related to (i) the owners, (ii) the foreign contractors, (iii) the subcontractors and suppliers, (iv) state management, and (v) the project itself. Besides, the study proposes solutions to limit cost overruns in construction projects and improve the profitability of international contractors in Vietnam. |
| Keywords: | Cost Overrun, Financial Management, Foreign Contractor, Project Management, International Management |
| JEL: | F39 G39 M16 |
| Date: | 2020–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103435&r=all |
| By: | Farida Titik Kristanti (Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Telkom University Jl. Telekomunikasi, Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung, 40257, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Financial distress is an undesirable condition for any company. To avoid financial distress, and improve the overall financial status of a company, an understanding of the factors affecting financial distress is necessary. This research aims to identify the determinants of banking financial distress. Methodology – In this study, 41 banks comprised the sample, selected using purposive sampling. The survival cox proportional hazard analysis method to identify the determinant factors of survival of Indonesian Banks. Findings – The results show that that macro indicators (inflation and economic growth) have a significant effect on the banks' financial distress. This implies that the government as a regulator must maintain the level of growth and inflation that stabilizes the economy so that banks can avoid financial distress. As for the banks' management, they have an obligation to support government policies in maintaining growth and inflation. Novelty – The study uses the cox proportional hazard model. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Bank; Cox Model; Financial distress; Survival analysis. |
| JEL: | G33 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr171&r=all |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Belton, Ben; Ei Win, Hnin; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Abstract: | Poultry farmers in Myanmar were interviewed by telephone in early June, late June, early July, and late July 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 11, 13, 19, and 21, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a fifth phone survey of poultry farmers was done in August 2020. The fifth survey included 228 poultry farmers (163 broiler and 65 layer farms) in the Yangon peri-urban area (Ayeyarwady, Bago, and Yangon regions) who had been interviewed in the first four rounds of the survey. The same survey questionnaire was used. Because this survey round is about two months after the early June survey round, which is the length of a full broiler production cycle, we again asked questions in this round about the last complete broiler production cycle. This Policy Note reports on the results of this fifth survey round. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, poultry, farmers, broiler chickens, prices, cash flow, peri-urban agriculture, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:28&r=all |
| By: | Delera, Michele (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University); Pietrobelli, carlo (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, and University Roma Tre); Calza, Elisa (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, and UNIDO); Lavopa, Alejandro (UNIDO) |
| Abstract: | The adoption of new technology is a key driver of firm performance and economic development. In this paper, we develop a framework for the firm-level analysis of the adoption of digital technology in developing economies. We investigate whether firms' participation to global value chains (GVCs) can facilitate the adoption of digital technologies. Using a novel database on the adoption of different generations of technology by manufacturing firms in Ghana, Vietnam, and Thailand, we document that the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies remains extremely limited. We also find that firms' participation to GVCs is an important driver of digital technology adoption, and that adoption is positively associated with firm-level performance. |
| Keywords: | Value Chain, GVCs, Industry 4.0, Technology adoption, Economic development, Capabilities |
| JEL: | O12 O14 O33 |
| Date: | 2020–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2020046&r=all |
| By: | Clarissa Tonay (Trisakti School of Management, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Paulina Sutrisno Author-2-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance and several factors of corporate financial characteristics on earnings management. Corporate governance mechanisms such as an independent board, board size, and audit committee size are expected to be able to limit the ability of management to carry out earnings management. Meanwhile, a company's financial characteristics such as corporate strategy, company age, operating cash flow, company growth, profitability, company size and leverage are predicted to affect earnings management. Methodology – Many previous studies have involved the examination of corporate governance mechanisms and corporate financial characteristics of earnings management however, the results of those studies give rise to inconsistencies. Hence, this study seeks to re-examine the existence of corporate governance mechanisms and corporate financial characteristics of earnings management. The sample in this research is non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2018. Findings – This data in this study is analysed using statistical methods such as multiple regression linear. The results of this study indicate that one mechanism of corporate governance, the size of the audit committee, has a positive effect on earnings management, while the financial characteristics of companies such as company size and operating cash flow negatively affect earnings management. Novelty – Other corporate financial characteristics such as corporate strategy, company age, operating cash flow and profitability have a positive effect on earnings management. Meanwhile, the other variables such as board size, leverage and company growth do not have an influence on earnings management. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Earnings Management; Corporate Strategy; Audit Committee Size; Company Age; Operating Cash Flows. |
| JEL: | G3 G34 G39 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr172&r=all |
| By: | Wendra Wendra (PPM School of Management, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Fadhliah M. Alhadar Author-2-Workplace-Name: Khairun University, Jalan Pertamina Kampus II Unkhair, Gambesi, 97719, Ternate, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Low amounts of management research have taken into account the link between knowledge management processes and intellectual capital in innovation success. This study empirically investigates the mediation role of intellectual capital in the relationship between knowledge management processes and innovation performance. Methodology/Technique - The research questionnaires were distributed to 297 small and medium enterprises wearing apparel companies in Indonesia. The primary statistic methodology for data analysis was Partial Least Square. Findings - The study found that knowledge management processes and intellectual capital significantly influence innovation performance. Furthermore, intellectual capital mediated knowledge management processes impact on innovation performance partially Novelty - IC partially mediates the impact of knowledge management processes on innovation performance. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Management Processes; Intellectual Capital; Innovation Performance; Small and Medium Enterprises; Wearing Apparel Companies. |
| JEL: | L67 L25 M19 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr253&r=all |
| By: | Baltagi, Badi H. (Syracuse University); Pirotte, Alain (University of Paris 2); Yang, Zhenlin (Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | We propose an Adjusted Quasi-Score (AQS) method for constructing tests for homoskedasticity in spatial econometric models. We first obtain an AQS function by adjusting the score-type function from the given model to achieve unbiasedness, and then develop an Outer-Product-of-Martingale-Difference (OPMD) estimate of its variance. In standard problems where a genuine (quasi) score vector is available, the AQS-OPMD method leads to finite sample improved tests over the usual methods. More importantly in non-standard problems where a genuine (quasi) score is not available and the usual methods fail, the proposed AQS-OPMD method provides feasible solutions. The AQS tests are formally derived and asymptotic properties examined for three representative models: spatial cross-sectional, static or dynamic panel models. Monte Carlo results show that the proposed AQS tests have good finite sample properties. |
| Keywords: | adjusted quasi-scores, fixed effects, heteroskedasticity, incidental parameters, martingale difference, non-normality, short dynamic panels, spatial effects |
| JEL: | C12 C18 C21 C23 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13803&r=all |
| By: | Thanh NGUYEN, Phong; Le Hoang Thuy To NGUYEN, Quyen |
| Abstract: | Nowadays, many construction engineering and technology enterprises are evolving to find that prosperity is driven and inspired by an open economy with dynamic markets and fierce multifaceted competition. Besides brand and product uniqueness, the ability to quickly provide customers with quotes are matters of concern. Such a requirement for prompt cost estimation of construction investment projects with the use of a construction price index poses a significant challenge to contractors. This is because the nature of the construction industry is shaped by changes in domestic and foreign economic factors, socio-financial issues, and is under the influence of various micro and macro factors. This paper presents a fuzzy decision-making approach for calculating critical factors that affect the construction price index. A qualitative approach was implemented based on in-depth interviews of experts in the construction industry in Vietnam. A synthetic comparison matrix was calculated using Buckley approach. The CoA approach was applied to defuzzified the fuzzy weights of factors that affect the construction price index. The research results show that the top five critical factors affecting the construction price index in Vietnam are (1) consumer price index, (2) gross domestic product, (3) basic interest rate, (4) foreign exchange rate, and (5) total export and import. |
| Keywords: | Analytical Hierarchy Process, Construction Enterprises, Construction Price Index, Multiple Decision Making, Fuzzy Logic |
| JEL: | D24 M19 O14 P22 |
| Date: | 2020–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103437&r=all |
| By: | Hao Tong, Kiet; Nguyen, Quyen Le Hoang Thuy To; Thi Mong Nguyen, Tuyen; Nguyen, Phong Thanh; Bich Vu, Ngoc |
| Abstract: | Education policy is a dynamic process featuring social development trends. The world countries have focused their education program on empowering the learners for future life and work. This paper aims to assess the higher education curriculum based on a survey of 280 students, employers, alumni, and lecturers in both social sciences and natural sciences in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The fuzzy decision-making method, namely the Fuzzy Extent Analysis Method (F-EAM), was applied to measure the relative weight of each parameter. Seven factors under the curriculum development have been put in the ranking. Input with emphasis on foreign language was the highest priority in curriculum development, given the expected demand of the labor market. Objective and learning outcome and teaching activities ranked second and third, respectively. The traditional triangle of teaching content, methodology, and evaluation and assessment are still proven their roles, but certain modifications have been defined in the advanced curriculum. Teaching facilities had the least weight among the seven dimensions of curriculum development. The findings are helpful for education managers to efficiently allocate scarce resources to reform the curriculum to bridge the undergraduate quality gap between labor supply and demand, meeting the dynamic trends of social development. |
| Keywords: | Decision-Making, Education Administration, Extent Analysis Method, Fuzzy Analysis, Management Policy |
| JEL: | C60 M10 |
| Date: | 2020–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103448&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc |
| Abstract: | In his influential study, Theil (1967) developed the notion of entropy on the basis of information theory. He then advocated the use of entropy-based measure for the analysis of income inequality. In this paper, the first of its kind, we apply Theil’s notion of entropy to public finances in multi-tiered governments, in particular for a measurement of fiscal decentralisation, which is currently very crude in terms of the ratio between local government revenue and total revenue. It is the claim of this paper that such an approach of measuring fiscal decentralisation completely ignores important distributional aspects of fiscal arrangements. Findings from this paper indicate that studies on measuring various aspects of fiscal activities—such as fiscal decentralisation—should carefully take into account the dispersion of revenue (and expenditure) across regions. On that basis, the entropic approach developed in this paper is able to accommodate these dispersions across subnational governments. As an illustration for the case of Vietnam, the true degree of fiscal decentralization has e�ectively been decreased in comparison with estimates from other simple measurements due to the presence of substantial dispersions of revenue and expenditure from the subnational governments across 63 provinces in Vietnam |
| Keywords: | entropy; dispersion; entropic approach; fiscal decentralisation; measurement |
| JEL: | C02 H11 H27 H50 H77 |
| Date: | 2019–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103291&r=all |
| By: | Thomas Markussen; Smriti Sharma; Saurabh Singhal; Finn Tarp |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of randomly introduced economic inequality on voluntary cooperation, and whether this relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large-scale lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1,300 participants across rural Vietnam. Our results show that inequality adversely affects aggregate contributions, and this is on account of high endowment individuals contributing a significantly smaller share than those with low endowments. |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Institutions, Corruption, Public goods, lab-in-field experiment |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2020-127&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc |
| Abstract: | This article is conducted to examine risk, return, and portfolio optimization at the industry level in China over the period 2007–2016. On the ground of the classical Markowitz framework for portfolio optimization, the mean-semivariance optimization framework is established for China’s stock market at the industry level. Findings from this study indicate that healthcare sector plays a significant role among 10 industries in China on a stand-alone basis. In addition, a significant change of rankings among the sectors in term of risk is found when the mean-semivariance optimization framework is used. We also find that utilizing this new framework helps improve the optimal portfolios in relation to performance, measured by Sortino ratio, and diversification. A simulation technique, generally known as resampling method, is also utilized to check the robustness of the estimates. While the use of this resampling method appears not to improve the performance of optimal portfolios compared with the mean-semivariance framework for China, there is a remarkable advance in diversification of the optimal portfolios. Implications for investors and the governments in Vietnam and other emerging markets have emerged from the study. |
| Keywords: | China, mean-semivariance, portfolio optimization, resample |
| JEL: | G2 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2019–09–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103276&r=all |
| By: | Cameron, Lisa A. (University of Melbourne); Seager, Jennifer (George Washington University); Shah, Manisha (University of California, Los Angeles) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of criminalizing sex work, exploiting an event in which local officials unexpectedly criminalized sex work in one district in East Java, Indonesia, but not in neighboring districts. We collect data from female sex workers and their clients before and after the change. We find that criminalization increases sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers by 58 percent, measured by biological tests. This is driven by decreased condom access and use. We also find evidence that criminalization decreases earnings among women who left sex work due to criminalization, and decreases their ability to meet their children’s school expenses while increasing the likelihood that children begin working to supplement household income. While criminalization has the potential to improve population STI outcomes if the market shrinks permanently, we show that five years post-criminalization the market has rebounded and the probability of STI transmission within the general population is likely to have increased. |
| Keywords: | sex work, criminalization, sexually-transmitted infections, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I18 K42 J16 |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13784&r=all |
| By: | Dang Vo, Khoa; Thanh Nguyen, Phong; Le Hoang Thuy To Nguyen, Quyen |
| Abstract: | The construction industry in developing countries like Vietnam, which incorporates small and medium construction enterprises, is typically more prone to disputes and contract dispute-related lawsuits. A dispute may occur at any time in the life cycle of the project. It is sometimes solved with the intermediation of a lawyer or directly by stakeholders. Understanding the causes of disputes in a construction project not only improves the efficiency of a company but also increases the success of projects. This study was carried out using a questionnaire survey at construction projects in Ho Chi Minh City. Sample data with 117 observations were analyzed to find the disputing factors in construction projects: diversity of working style among the parties; reluctance to work; and poor teamwork. Correlation coefficient on a rank of factors between design consultant and contractor; Design consultant and project owners are positively correlated. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis identified six groups of factors in construction disputes: cooperation, technology, economics, productivity, information, and behavior. The findings are useful for enterprise practice and provide participants with an overview of sources of dispute. Thus, a more complete risk management plan can be formulated, which will accelerate project progress and improve the likelihood of success. |
| Keywords: | Business Administration, Business Economics, Conflict Management, Project Management, Construction Enterprises |
| JEL: | L74 M12 M54 |
| Date: | 2020–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103436&r=all |
| By: | Kovit Charnvitayapong (Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Considerable research indicates that during times of prolonged low interest rates, commercial bank lending channels are less effective in conveying the impact of expansionary monetary policies. What is the impact of easy money policy through lending channels of non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs) such as thrift and credit cooperatives (TCCs) and why should this result occur? The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of monetary policy through TCC lending channels compared to bank lending channels from 2008 to 2017. Methodology/Technique - Annual data from 546 TCCs was used in this investigation. A fixed effects model for TCCs and random effect for banks were employed to examine the data. Two models of each institution, one with lagged interaction terms and the other with contemporaneous interaction terms, were tested and compared. The impact of institutional characteristics such as size, deposit, liquidity and equity, and macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth and yield spread, on lending channels were also examined. Findings - As expected, the results show that TCC lending channels respond positively to prolonged low interest rate policies, whilst bank lending channels respond negatively in one model. Thus, if monetary authorities wish to increase the effectiveness of expansionary monetary policy, TCCs should be allowed to develop under careful supervision. Novelty - This study concludes that incremental budgeting caused by regulation must be borne by TCCs. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Thrift and Credit Cooperatives (TCCs); Prolonged Low Interest Rates; Transmission Mechanism; Lending Channels; Fixed Effects. |
| JEL: | E44 E51 E52 E58 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber190&r=all |
| By: | Khalaf, Tasneem; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | Banks play an important role as intermediaries between the savers and the borrowers in an economy. One issue, however, that the banks face during the development process is the increase in the non-performing loans (NPL) in the developing economies. In particular, during the financial crisis, many loans become non-performing loans (NPL) and the banks face liquidity crises. It is the focus of this paper to investigate whether (a) the relationship between the non-performing loans of banks and economic growth (GDP) is cointegrated or not i.e., whether they are theoretically related or not in the long term and (b) if they are, whether the relationship is symmetric or asymmetric in the short and long term. We use ARDL and nonlinear ARDL for the analysis. Malaysia is used as a case study. The findings tend to indicate that the NPL and GDP are indeed cointegrated as evidenced in both ARDL and Nonlinear ARDL. As to whether the relationship between the NPL and GDP is symmetric or not, the findings tend to indicate that the relationship is asymmetric in the long run but symmetric in the short run. These findings have important policy implications for the developing countries like Malaysia. |
| Keywords: | Non-performing loans of banks, GDP, Linear ARDL, Nonlinear ARDL, Malaysia |
| JEL: | C22 C58 E44 G21 |
| Date: | 2018–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103714&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc; Vo, Anh |
| Abstract: | Policies on financial inclusion have attracted great attention from scholars, policymakers, and regulators, as financial inclu- sion has theoretically been acknowledged to have positive effect on economic growth. However, empirical evidence appears limited, especially for emerging markets. This article is conducted to provide a comprehensive insight between financial inclusion and economic growth in emerging markets. First, a multidimensional index is constructed so that a level of financial inclusion can be measured at the international level. Second, based on this newly developed index, the panel econometric technique is utilized to estimate the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth. Our finding supports a positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth. A stronger relationship is found for countries with low income and a lower degree of financial inclusion. Policy implications have been emerged that financial inclusion should be implemented for promoting economic growth and development in the emerging markets such as Vietnam |
| Keywords: | Financial inclusion; multidimensional index; panel data; economic growth |
| JEL: | C33 C43 G28 O47 |
| Date: | 2019–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103282&r=all |
| By: | Eugene Beaulieu; Denise Prévost |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a legal-economic analysis of key aspects of the WTO Panel Report involving a challenge by Indonesia against the anti-dumping and countervailing duties imposed by the US on certain coated paper from Indonesia. We focus on the findings in this case relevant to the determination of a ‘benefit’ to the recipient, a core requirement to establish the existence and extent of a subsidy. We examine benchmarking for determining benefit in cases of predominant government ownership of a natural resource and the use of ‘adverse facts available’ against a non-cooperative respondent to infer the existence of a benefit. The benefit analysis in this case may have broader implications. First, it may limit the scope for governments to determine their own policies regarding the ownership and management of natural resources. Second, it may create a loophole allowing investigating authorities to fill gaps in the factual record by intentionally using the ‘facts available’ to the disadvantage of a respondent. In both cases the panel’s findings may open the door to potential misuse of these flexibilities to find a benefit where none exists, or to inflate the margin of benefit to allow for higher countervailing duties. |
| Keywords: | WTO dispute, Indonesia paper, Benefit analysis, Facts available, Countervailing |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2019/76&r=all |
| By: | Paulina Sutrisno (Accounting Department, Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Kashan Pirzada Author-2-Workplace-Name: Asian Research Institute for Corporate Governance (ARICG) and Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to examine whether audit firm size mitigates the relationship between CEO overconfidence and tax avoidance. CEO overconfidence has the characteristics of a very high level of self-confidence which influences the pattern of thought and the way they make strategic decisions. CEO overconfidence has a tendency to avoid taxes. It aims to show competence in tax management and raise funds for investment. External party oversight, such as by audit firms, will mitigate the relationship between CEO overconfidence and tax avoidance through an attitude of independence, as well as competence and function as examiners of the company's financial reporting. Methodology/Technique - This study uses a sample of Indonesian non-financial companies in the period 2013-2017. This study analyses the data with statistical methods using linear multiple regression. Finding - The results of this study indicate that CEO overconfidence is positively related to tax avoidance, while audit firm size is negatively related to tax avoidance. However, this study has not been able to prove the influence of audit firm size on the relationship between CEO overconfidence and tax avoidance. |
| Keywords: | CEO overconfidence; Tax Avoidance; Audit Firm Size; Big 4; Book Tax Difference. |
| JEL: | M41 M49 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr188&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc |
| Abstract: | This study is conducted to examine the concerns of the foreign direct investment (FDI) causing environment degradation and also to test the validity of the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the context of emerging markets in the Asian region. Data of these countries from 1980–2016 are utilised. This study employs panel cointegration Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), which treats the endogeneity problem, and its estimators are adjusted for serial correlation. Moreover, this study also uses panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), which includes contemporaneous value, leads and, lags of the first di�erence of the regressors to correct endogeneity problems and serial correlations. Findings from this study indicate that the pollution heaven hypothesis and the EKC curve are generally valid in the region. In addition, FDI has a strong impact on the environment. |
| Keywords: | FDI; environment degradation; pollution heaven hypothesis FMOLS; DOLS; causality; Vietnam |
| JEL: | Q4 Q43 Q48 Q5 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103292&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc |
| Abstract: | Sustainable economic growth and development are generally associated with a harmonious society, where achievements from national economic growth benefit most, if not all, people. However, income inequality appears to exist regardless of the level of a country’s economic growth. As such, attitudes toward income inequality and its determinants in the process of achieving a harmonious society have attracted great attention from policy makers around the globe. However, the issue has not been thoroughly investigated in emerging markets. In addition, gender-based attitudes have largely been ignored. This study is conducted to examine attitudes toward income inequality in the Asia-Pacific region, with a focus on gender. The sample comprises 19 emerging and advanced countries, for which data were available. Various scenarios in relation to gender and income levels are considered. Findings from this study indicate that both emerging and advanced countries in the region have gender-based attitudes toward income inequality. In particular, social class appears to be a key and fundamental determinant across all countries in the region, especially in emerging markets, regardless of income level. |
| Keywords: | attitude, emerging markets, gender, income inequality |
| JEL: | D3 D31 D33 D63 |
| Date: | 2019–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103280&r=all |
| By: | Md. Rizvi Khan (Graduate School of Business Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-2-Name: Sirion Chaipoopirutana Author-2-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Business Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This paper aims to empirically examine the factors influencing the users' behavioral intention to reuse mobile technology to facilitate their financial services in Bangladesh. Methodology/Technique - A self-administered online survey method was used and 400 responses were collected with Likert-type questions using Google Forms as a medium. A model was developed and proposed based on different technology acceptance models like TAM, UTAUT and similar studies on factors influencing users' intention to adopt and reuse mobile financial services in Bangladesh. The proposed model was tested by performing simple and multiple linear regression using SPSS software. Findings - The results show that perceived ease of use influences perceived usefulness of mobile financial services but perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and security have no influence on trust in terms of behavioral intention to reuse mobile financial services in Bangladesh. However, with the exception of trust and perceived financial cost, the remaining variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security, perceived risk, social influence and facilitating conditions significantly influence behavioral intentions to reuse mobile financial services in Bangladesh. Novelty - This study examines crucial factors spotted in literature in the context of Bangladesh. Earlier papers have primarily focused on traditional banking clients' behavioral intention toward their bank's mobile banking facilities in Bangladesh. This paper is comprehensively designed to identify influential factors of reusing non-traditional mobile financial services like bKash, Rocket, Nagad etc. at the growth level in the industry of Bangladesh. The researcher tried to identify factors influencing both bank and non-bank users to reuse mobile financial services for their digital transactions.Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | bKash; Bangladesh; Mobile Banking; Behavioral Intentions; Reuse; Mobile Financial Services |
| JEL: | M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr251&r=all |
| By: | Vita Briliana (Trisakti School of Management, West Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Wasisto Ruswidiono Author-2-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Kyai Tapa 20 Grogol, 11440, West Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Tita Deitiana Author-3-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Kyai Tapa 20 Grogol, 11440, West Jakarta, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Developments in communication technology and social media have enabled business to enter the digital world. This can come in the form of 'vlogs' or 'video blogs' designed by 'vloggers' or 'video bloggers' to present interesting content and concepts. Food vlogs provide detailed information or explanations about the food vloggers have tried and evaluated, in an interesting video format that shows how the seller prepares the food and serves it up, and how it is consumed. The completed video is uploaded to an online channel. Many Indonesian vloggers make use of YouTube to feature their culinary activities. Their vlogs have attracted a huge audience of people looking to enjoy the latest trends in cuisine. To research the determinants of intention to use food vlogger reviews in purchase decisions, the technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to investigate the post-adoption behaviour of Indonesian Millennials in relation to online food vlogger reviews. The existence of links among the perceived benefit of online food vlogger reviews, the usefulness of mobile apps and perceived enjoyment has not been a topic of research to date. Methodology/Technique - This research uses a purposive sampling technique to select 330 Millennials who have a YouTube application, subscribers to food vlogger channels, and had bought local street food at least once after seeing a food vlogger review. The data of this study employs a path analysis with SPSS 25.0 and Smart-PLS 3. Findings - The results indicate strong positive effects of the perceived benefit of online food vlogger reviews towards purchase intentions, mobile app usefulness and perceived enjoyment in descending order of effect. Novelty - Our study has several contributions, including adding insight into the process from before consumers make a purchase; when they find all the information about street food from YouTube; then their interest in buying is generated; and finally, they purchase the food and drinks they have chosen. They can also be reassured that, despite this all happening amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, they need not worry because the seller is adhering to the procedures established by the Government. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Perceived Benefit; Mobile App Usefulness; Perceived Enjoyment; Attitude; Intention to Use Food Vlogger Reviews; YouTube; Millennial. |
| JEL: | M31 M37 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr252&r=all |
| By: | Alexander Jaax (OECD); Louise Johannesson (OECD); Thi Xuan Thu Nguyen (Diplomatic Academy of Viet Nam) |
| Abstract: | This paper draws on detailed firm-level and worker-level information to explore the link between services imports and employment dynamics in the case of Viet Nam. The econometric analysis consists of two parts. First, data covering formal firms are exploited to investigate the relationship between sector-level services import intensity and firm-level employment and firm-level average wages. The second part is conducted at the level of workers and also covers informal workers. The results show that sector-level services import intensity positively affects firm-level average wages of Vietnamese formal services firms, whereas a small negative effect on firm-level employment is observed. For manufacturing firms, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the association between services import intensity and firm-level employment. The worker-level analysis identifies a positive wage effect of occupation-level exposure to services imports on domestic workers in foreign-owned businesses in all sectors. The results also suggest that higher skilled workers might be more likely to benefit from services imports. This paper provides support for an approach that combines an emphasis on lowering firms’ costs of sourcing foreign services inputs with efforts to strengthen SMEs’ capabilities and improve workers’ skills. |
| Keywords: | employment, individual and firm-level data, trade, wages, worker heterogeneity |
| JEL: | F14 F16 F61 J21 J30 C26 |
| Date: | 2020–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaab:241-en&r=all |
| By: | Sascha O. Becker (University, University of Warwick; CAGE; CEPR, CESifo, IZA, and ROA); Jared Rubin (Rubin: Chapman University); Ludger Woessmann (University of Munich and ifo Institute; CESifo, IZA, and CAGE) |
| Abstract: | This chapter surveys the recent social science literature on religion in economic history, covering both socioeconomic causes and consequences of religion. Following the rapidly growing literature, it focuses on the three main monotheisms—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and on the period up to WWII. Works on Judaism address Jewish occupational specialization, human capital, emancipation, and the causes and consequences of Jewish persecution. One set of papers on Christianity studies the role of the Catholic Church in European economic history since the medieval period. Taking advantage of newly digitized data and advanced econometric techniques, the voluminous literature on the Protestant Reformation studies its socioeconomic causes as well as its consequences for human capital, secularization, political change, technology diffusion, and social outcomes. Works on missionaries show that early access to Christian missions still has political, educational, and economic consequences in present-day Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Much of the economics of Islam focuses on the role that Islam and Islamic institutions played in political-economy outcomes and in the “long divergence” between the Middle East and Western Europe. Finally, cross-country analyses seek to understand the broader determinants of religious practice and its various effects across the world. We highlight three general insights that emerge from this literature. First, the monotheistic character of the Abrahamic religions facilitated a close historical interconnection of religion with political power and conflict. Second, human capital often played a leading role in the interconnection between religion and economic history. Third, many socioeconomic factors matter in the historical development of religions. |
| Keywords: | JEL Classification: |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:480&r=all |
| By: | Arum Indrasari (Justika Citra Apriliana Rosi Author-2-Name: Economic and Business Faculty, Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University, Indonesia Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This paper aims to examine the association of total quality management (TQM), management accounting system, Islamic leadership style, organizational commitment, and managerial performance. Methodology/Technique - The authors use distributed and collected examination methods employing a purposive sampling techniques. The subject of this study was managers or someone who holds structural position at Islamic based private universities in Yogyakarta with a total number of respondents of 104. The data was obtained from questionnaires. The analytical method used was simple regression analysis and moderated regression analysis. Finding - The results show that that Total Quality Management (TQM) has a positive significant effect on Managerial Performance. Thereafter, the results of the moderated regression analysis, the Performance Measurement System, Reward System, Islamic Leadership Style, and Organizational Commitment are the moderating variable that moderate or strengthen the relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM) towards Managerial Performance. Originality/value - Previous studies have focussed mainly on Islamic based private universities in Yogyakarta. This study examines the effect of management accounting system, Islamic leadership style, and organizational commitment on the association of total quality management and managerial performance, which has been rarely examined in previous studies. |
| Keywords: | Islamic Leadership Style; Organizational Commitment; Performance Measurement System; Rewards System; Total Quality Management. |
| JEL: | M41 M49 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr189&r=all |
| By: | Vo, Duc |
| Abstract: | Some recent studies observe an increasing degree of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to domestic prices, which has raised questions about the nature of the incompleteness and decline in pass- through. This article reexamines the degree of ERPT to the import, producer, and consumer price indices in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Korea in the Asia-Pacific region using up-to-date data, with several important findings. First, we reveal that ERPT to domestic prices follows the distribution chain, in that exchange rate movements alter import prices in the first stage and then producer and consumer prices in the second stage. Second, we offer valid evidence of an increase in ERPT to import prices after the global financial crisis in Japan, Korea, and New Zealand and of a relatively stable ERPT in Australia. Third, the changes in ERPT elasticities are most affected by macroeconomic determinants such as inflation volatility, interest rates, and trade openness, but this varies considerably across the surveyed countries and the three price indices. All our findings make a significant contribution to the empirical literature on ERPT and have policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Asia-Pacific region, exchange rate pass-through (ERPT), inflation |
| JEL: | E31 F31 F41 |
| Date: | 2019–01–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:103293&r=all |
| By: | Iffah Budiningsih (Universitas Islam As-Syafi"iyah, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Tjiptogoro Dinarjo Soehari Author-2-Workplace-Name: Staff of Telecommunications Equipment Testing Center, Bekasi, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The objective of this study is to determine the effect of technology training and creativity on employees' innovative behaviors. Methodology/Technique - The research applied a quantitative exploratory method and a multiple regression method with SPSS software. All data were from a survey with instruments/questionnaires to the saturated sample consisting of all 116 employees at the Telecommunications Equipment Testing Center (henceforth BBPPT). Finding - The results show that: the variables of technology training (X1) and creativity have the R2 value of 0.488, meaning that these variables contributed 48.8% to the innovative behaviors. Further technology training and creativity aspect simultaneously and significantly affect the innovative behaviors, for this reason, the mathematical model Y = -0.043 + 0.333 X1 + 0.662 X2 is applicable for predicting the influence of variable X1 and X2 to variable Y; Novelty - The absence of the variables of technology training and creativity will, therefore, decrease the value of the variable of employees' innovative behaviors to -0.043 in the scale of 1 to 5, poor category; on that ground, it is essential to conduct programs regarding technology training and creativity cultivation. Further The creativity variable is the one that contributes to the innovative behaviors the most, since the significance value of the variable is greater than the technology training (0.662 > 0.333). Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | creativity, innovative behaviors, intervention, technology, training. |
| JEL: | M53 M59 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr567&r=all |
| By: | Hammond, Peter J. (Department of Economics, University of Warwick); Qiao, Lei (School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics); Sun, Yeneng (Departments of Economics and Mathematics, National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | Monte Carlo simulation is used in Hammond and Sun (2008) to characterize a standard stochastic framework involving a continuum of random variables that are conditionally independent given macro shocks. This paper presents some general properties of such Monte Carlo sampling processes, including their one-way Fubini extension and regular conditional independence. In addition to the almost sure convergence of Monte Carlo simulation considered in Hammond and Sun (2008), here we also consider norm convergence when the random variables are square integrable. This leads to a necessary and su cient condition for the classical law of large numbers to hold in a general Hilbert space. Applying this analysis to large economies with asymmetric information shows that the con ict between incentive compatibility and Pareto efficiency is resolved asymptotically for almost all sampling economies, corresponding to some results in McLean and Postlewaite (2002) and Sun and Yannelis (2007). |
| Keywords: | Law of large numbers ; Monte Carlo sampling process ; one-way Fubini property ; Hilbert space ; incentive compatibility ; asymmetric information ; Pareto efficiency JEL Codes: C65 ; D51 ; D61 ; D82 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wcreta:65&r=all |
| By: | Beer, Sonja |
| Abstract: | Die ersten Corona-Fälle in China sind im Dezember 2019 aufgetaucht. Um die Pandemie einzudämmen, musste die Regierung im Februar weitreichende Maßnahmen ergreifen. Diese Ma-nahmen haben zwar die Pandemie abgeschwächt, aber auch gleichzeitig dramatische Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft gehabt. China war das erste Land, das von der Pandemie und der daraus resultierenden Wirtschaftskrise getroffen wurde, und es ist auch das erste Land auf dem Weg zur Erholung. Nach dem historischen Einbruch der wirtschaftlichen Leistung von 6,8 Pro-zent im ersten Quartal 2020 gegenüber dem Vorjahreszeitraum, legte die chinesische Wirtschaft um 3,2 Prozent im zweiten Quartal zu. Kaum ein anderes Land dürfte eine solch große Wachstumsrate erzielen. Analysen der einzelnen BIP-Komponenten deuten darauf hin, dass Investitionen der Haupttreiber des Wachstums im zweiten Quartal waren. Die Infrastrukturinvestitionen und eine starke Bautätigkeit resultierten vor allem aus den konjunkturstützenden Maßnahmen der Regierung. Bei der Industrieproduktion zeichnet sich eine starke Erholung ab. Seit März erreichte auch der Einkaufsmanagerindex für die Industrie und den Dienstleistungssektor kontinuierlich mehr als 50 Punkte, was als Expansionsschwelle gilt. Im Juli und August hat der Shang-hai Stock Exchange Index teilweise sogar Werte um die 3500-Marke erreicht (die höchsten Werte innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahre) was das stärkere Vertrauen der Finanzmärkte zeigt. Jedoch besteht weiterhin eine Vielzahl von wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen in China, wie zum Beispiel der zurückhaltende Konsum und die schwache Beschäftigung. Nach dem starken Einbruch des Handels im Januar und Februar erlebt China zurzeit einen Außenhandelsboom. Das gilt vor allem für die Exporte. Die Exporte Chinas sind im Januar und Februar um 17,2 Prozent gegenüber dem gleichen Vorjahreszeitraum eingebrochen. Im August verzeichneten sie ein Plus von 9,5 Prozent, was dem höchsten Zuwachs seit anderthalb Jahren entspricht. Der Außenhandel Chinas mit Deutschland und den USA wurde während der Pandemie auch stark beeinträchtigt. Nach dem Einbruch der Exporte von 24,1 beziehungsweise 27,7 Prozent im Januar und Februar im Vergleich zum Vorjahreszeitraum, nehmen die chinesischen Exporte seit März wieder zu. Im Mai und Juli überstiegen die Exporte Chinas nach Deutschland sogar die Marke von 8 Milliarden US-Dollar, was dem höchsten monatlichen Wert in den Jahren 2019 und 2020 entspricht. Damit sind in den Monaten Januar bis August die chinesischen Exporte nach Deutschland um 3,9 Prozent im Vergleich zum Vorjahr angestiegen, was eine deutliche Erholung signalisiert. Die Exporte in die USA zeigen einen ähnlichen Trend. Im August ex-portierte China Waren im Wert von fast 45 Mrd. US-Dollar in die USA, was dem höchsten Wert seit November 2018 entspricht. Die Hoffnung ist groß, dass das starke Exportwachstum das Wirtschaftswachstum Chinas in den nächsten Monaten weiter ankurbelt. Jedoch existiert auch die Gefahr, dass die starke ausländische Nachfrage nicht nachhaltig ist, da diese überwiegend auf dem Absatz von Schutzausrüstungen und Haushaltsgeräten basiert. Chinas Importe haben sich in den letzten Monaten weniger positiv entwickelt und befinden sich im Vergleich zum Vorjahreszeitraum immer noch im negativen Bereich. Das Gleiche gilt für Importe aus den USA und Deutschland, was auf eine schwache Inlandsnachfrage hinweist. Hinzu kommt, dass China nicht Maschinen, sondern überwiegend Rohstoffe und Agrarprodukte importiert hatte. Der Handelsbilanzüberschuss Chinas mit den USA erreichte im August die Marke von 34,2 Mrd. US-Dollar und fiel damit sogar höher aus als im Juni 2018 vor dem Beginn des Handelskriegs (29 Mrd. US-Dollar). Gleichzeitig hat sich der Handel mit den ASEAN-Länder im Jahr 2020 erhöht und damit überholten die ASEAN-Länder sogar die EU als den wichtigsten Handelspartner Chinas. |
| JEL: | E2 E66 F10 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkrep:502020&r=all |
| By: | Thanapauge Chamaratana (Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This article aims to examine the relationship in the social network of Thai student labourers or special migrants known as "Thai-Aus labourers", who are studying and working in Sydney, Australia. Methodology/Technique - Data was collected via in-depth interviews with 18 key Thai-Aus labourers in Sydney, Australia. These key informants were selected using the snowball technique. Content analysis was performed with the data based on the ATLAS.ti programme, and the social networks were analysed using the Ucinet and Netdraw programme. Finding - The results conclude that the relationships within the social networks of the Thai-Aus labourers were complex, although they each shared the same goal. The relationships were principally based on benefit exchange even though personal relationships appeared on the surface. Novelty - The directional flow in the pattern of benefit-giving and receiving, and the duration, did not affect relationships, which depended more on personal cases. Type of Paper – Empirical |
| Keywords: | Brokers; Social Network; Migrant Labour Network; Working Abroad of Thai Labourers. |
| JEL: | J21 J29 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr565&r=all |
| By: | Alexander Chudik (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas); Kamiar Mohaddes (Judge Business School and King’s College, University of Cambridge, UK); M. Hashem Pesaran (University of Southern California, USA and Trinity College, Cambridge, UK); Mehdi Raissi (International Monetary Fund, Washington DC, USA); Alessandro Rebucci (Johns Hopkins University Carey Business School, CEPR and NBER) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a threshold-augmented dynamic multi-country model (TG-VAR) to quantify the macroeconomic effects of Covid-19. We show that there exist threshold effects in the relationship between output growth and excess global volatility at individual country levels in a significant majority of advanced economies and in the case of several emerging markets. We then estimate a more general multi-country model augmented with these threshold effects as well as long term interest rates, oil prices, exchange rates and equity returns to perform counterfactual analyses. We distinguish common global factors from trade-related spillovers, and identify the Covid-19 shock using GDP growth forecast revisions of the IMF in 2020Q1. We account for sample uncertainty by bootstrapping the multi-country model estimated over four decades of quarterly observations. Our results show that the Covid-19 pandemic will lead to a significant fall in world output that is most likely long-lasting, with outcomes that are quite heterogenous across countries and regions. While the impact on China and other emerging Asian economies are estimated to be less severe, the United States, the United Kingdom, and several other advanced economies may experience deeper and longer-lasting effects. NonAsian emerging markets stand out for their vulnerability. We show that no country is immune to the economic fallout of the pandemic because of global interconnections as evidenced by the case of Sweden. We also find that long-term interest rates could fall significantly below their recent lows in core advanced economies, but this does not seem to be the case in emerging markets |
| Date: | 2020–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1406&r=all |
| By: | Yeshika Alversia (Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Sarah Dwi Septyani Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - One of the important roles of a brand is to help consumers in developing their self-identity (Escalas & Bettman, 2003). Hence, consumers may select a brand for reasons far beyond its functional benefit (McDonald & Wilson, 2011). Previous research has found that social networks allow consumers to show their "ideal self" (Schau & Gilly, 2003). To identify the relationships between brands and consumers' self-identity, this study aims to examine the effect of self-expressive brands towards brand love, brand advocacy through word of mouth, and brand advocacy acceptance, in the social media context. Methodology/Technique - The sample in this study is comprised of social media (Facebook) users who have liked, commented and shared social media content related to a particular brand within a 6 month period. A total of 225 valid samples were collected. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings - The results of this study show that both self-expressive brands (inner self) and self-expressive brands (social self) have a positive effect to brand love. Brand love has a positive effect on brand advocacy through word of mouth and brand advocacy acceptance. The results also show that self-expressive brands (inner self) have a positive effect on brand advocacy acceptance, but it does not have an effect to brand advocacy through word of mouth. On the other hand, self-expressive brands (social self) have a positive effect on brand advocacy through word of mouth, but does not have an effect on brand advocacy acceptance. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Brand Advocacy; Word of Mouth; Brand Love; Social Media; Self-expressive Brands. |
| JEL: | M31 M37 M39 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr254&r=all |
| By: | Khan, Shamim Ahmed; Mahi, Masnun; Zainuddin, Mohammad; Islam, Emadul |
| Abstract: | This article provides a comprehensive proposal to figure out the full spectrum of costs borne by Bangladeshi workers on their journey to Malaysia. The article proposes to consider the differences based on skill level, employment sector, immigration status, gender, traveling routes as well as channels and funding sources in order to determine the true economic cost of migration. The article also proposes to take social cost of migration into account. It sheds light on the effects of migration on migrant households with a view to fully comprehend the overall migration cost scenario. Finally, the paper suggests to take into consideration the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on broader migration and repatriation context. |
| Date: | 2020–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:b729q&r=all |
| By: | Chaiwichit Chianchana (Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand. Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of this research is to evaluate research on educational models, to study the effect of the research characteristics on educational models, and to synthesize the research methods and presentations about educational models through qualitative synthesis by content analysis. Methodology/Technique - The sample was research on educational models on the type of thesis at the graduate level from 2013 to present. The research instruments took three forms. The data analysis method used was the ATLAS.ti program using content analysis, frequency, and percentage. Finding - The results show that: 1) The research evaluation on educational models the most of the research used to synthesize research at a very good level, 2) The most research characteristics: research issue was personality traits, research problem presentation was the characteristic of the research problem presentation reflecting the importance of the study, setting research objectives was the study the composition/indicators, develop the model and study the use of the model, and research conceptual framework was the bringing each concept/component together, 3) The most common research methodology applied in the research was research and development (method), focus group discussion (technique), an expert (sample), purposive sampling (sampling), interviews (tool), mean and standard deviation (data analysis), one-group pre-test/post-test design (research design), and 4) there were 8 types of research result presentations on educational models which were descriptive characteristics, causal relationship, the proposed process steps as objective, design characteristics on standard/indicators/factors of model. Novelty - The qualitative characteristics, system approach characteristics, experimental characteristics, and mixed-method between quantitative and qualitative methods. Type of Paper - Empirical |
| Keywords: | Research Synthesis; Educational Model; Evaluative Research; Research Characteristics; Research Methodology; Research Result Presentation. |
| JEL: | A20 A39 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr569&r=all |
| By: | Pepey Riawati Kurnia (PPM School of Management, Menteng Raya Street No. 9 – 19, 10340, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - New product performance is very important for the survival of any company. This research uses the Grounded Theory Method (GTM) to determine the factors that are relevant to the success and failure of new products. The study focuses specifically on new products in the Training Division of XYZ management. Methodology/Technique - The data for this study was collected using the interview method with the total of 5 respondents, researcher's involvement per se and FGDs. Findings - The coding process resulted in the creation of 4 groups comprised of the 3 main questions containing 20 factors relevant to new product failure. These factors were previously confirmed by a survey conducted among 26 NPD practitioners from various industries. This research identifies that the steps involved in the development of new products have not been optimally conducted in accordance with the new product development guidelines. The results of this study explain the role of telemarketers and sales managers which can change and affect the performance of a new product. Novelty - The involvement of the researcher as a telemarketer highlights the importance of the role and need of a reliable technological system to support the performance of new products. The findings of this research provide a greater understanding of the factors that contribute to product failure, namely a lack of a specific strategy for new products, less aggressive sales techniques and the shifting role of telemarketers and sales managers. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | New Product Performance; New Product Development Process; Sales Manager; Telemarketer |
| JEL: | M1 M11 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr248&r=all |
| By: | Oluseun Paseda Ph.D (Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Author-2-Name: Babatunji Samuel Adedeji Ph.D. Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Empirical finance literature has added a new twist to the debt conservatism puzzle within the broader capital structure puzzle, namely the phenomenon of zero leverage. Motivated by Strebulaev and Yang (2013), this study investigates the attributes of zero leverage firms in Nigeria in an attempt to add a developing country perspective to the zero-leverage phenomenon observed in firms. Methodology/Technique - The non-financial corporations quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for the period 1999-2014 constitute the population of the study. Firms with market leverage ratios ranging from 0% to 5% met the criteria for inclusion. Panel data regression techniques such as the generalized method of moments (GMM) and two stage least squares (2SLS) were used in the study. Finding - Zero leverage is persistent across 13 industries and is a declining function of the marginal tax rate, firm size, profitability, and liquidity. Firms that follow a zero-leverage (and almost zero-leverage) policy have higher growth opportunities, more tangible assets, pay higher dividends, are older, and have access to debt markets. Non-debt tax shields do not explain zero-leverage behaviour. Originality/Value - This study addresses the gaps related to the questions of why and how firm-specific attributes affect zero leverage behaviour among Nigerian quoted firms. It sheds light on the economic mechanisms driving zero leverage phenomenon within firms with high debt capacity. |
| Keywords: | Capital Structure; Zero Leverage Puzzle; Tax Benefits; Debt Capacity; Financing Decisions. |
| JEL: | G30 G32 |
| Date: | 2020–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr187&r=all |