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on South East Asia |
| By: | Kustanto, Andi |
| Abstract: | Population growth and the construction of settlements and industrial estates continue to increase at an unprecedented rate that has created gains and losses on environmental quality. The trend of population growth shows a declining trend but is not directly proportional to the fluctuating water quality index over the past ten years. The study uses secondary data with the quantitative approach using the panel data Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with Generalized Least Squares (GLS) to examine socioeconomic indicators in 34 provinces on water quality in Indonesia. Through analysis in this study shows that explanatory variables of the number of population and population density have a negative and significant effect on water quality in Indonesia of 4.69 and 1.95—ceteris paribus. The control variables of the number of establishments of micro and small scale manufacturing industry, and a group of workers, GRDP per capita, and realization of foreign direct investment show negative and significant results on water quality in Indonesia. It indicates that environmental management in Indonesia experiences a higher pressure from the utilization of ecological resources compared to efforts to improve the environment itself. Whereas household control variables of households and improve sanitation, the volume of water distributed by water supply establishment and the squared of GRDP per capita show positive and significant results on water quality in Indonesia, which shows that this is evidence of the government's success in managing the environment better. |
| Date: | 2020–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hs8y3&r=all |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Win, Myat Thida; Masias, Ian |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, mechanization, monitoring, non-pharmaceutical interventions, Covid-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese17&r=all |
| By: | Fang, Peixun; Belton, Ben; Ei Win, Hnin; Win, Khin Zin; Zhang, Xiaobo |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, farmers, poultry, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, food prices, food consumption, poultry farming, urban farmers, broiler chickens, cash flow, livestock products, economic recovery, Covid-19 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese19&r=all |
| By: | Kustanto, Andi |
| Abstract: | Population growth and urban development continue to increase at an unprecedented rate and create pressure on the quality of clean water. Previous empirical studies have shown that uncontrolled population growth has a negative and significant impact on the quality of clean water. In the case of Indonesia, the population growth trend has decreased every year, but not followed by an index of water quality that should have increased. This study examines population growth in the water quality index in 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2013-2017 using the panel method of fixed-effect models. This study found that population growth has a negative and significant effect on the water quality index in Indonesia. Every 1000 population in-crease will reduce the water quality index by 0.04 (ceteris paribus), which indicates that there is a need for control of the population growth rate to be more aware of the preservation of a sustainable environment. |
| Date: | 2020–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hmavr&r=all |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Win, Myat Thida; Masias, Ian |
| Abstract: | Agricultural equipment retailers (ER) in Myanmar were originally interviewed by telephone in May 2020 and again in June 2020 to determine how their businesses were being affected by COVID-19 related restrictions. The results of those surveys were published in Myanmar Strategy Support Program Policy Notes 09 and 16, respectively. To trace the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their economic activities, a third phone survey of ERs was done in July 2020. This Note reports on the results of this third survey, as well as changes in the businesses of agricultural equipment retailers since the first and the second surveys. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, equipment, farm equipment, supply chains, policies, sales, arid zones, Covid-19, retailers, agricultural equipment retailers (ERs), agricultural equipment sales, equipment availability, equipment price |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:18&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Ragasa, Catherine; Mahrt, Kristi; Aung, Zin Wai; Wang, Michael |
| Abstract: | This policy note provides evidence of the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on farming communities in Myanmar’s Central Dry Zone using baseline data from January 2020 and follow-up phone survey data. The first round of the phone survey was conducted between 10 and 21 June 2020 and inquired about the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural production and other livelihood sources from February to May 2020. In total, 1,070 male and female respondents from 605 households in 30 communities were interviewed. The sample for the phone survey covers all nonirrigation households and all women-adult-only households (WHH), as these categories of households were few in the baseline survey, and a randomly selected subsample of the dual-adult irrigation households covered in the baseline. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, agricultural production, rural areas, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, irrigation, livelihoods, households, income, nutrition, cash transfers, social protection, employment, Covid-19, income loss |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:20&r=all |
| By: | Vu, Tien Manh; Yamada, Hiroyuki |
| Abstract: | We quantified influences of Confucianism on gender inequality in present-day Vietnam. We used the number (or density) of the most successful test takers in the Vietnamese imperial examinations (1075–1919) in a given district as a proxy for mastering the subject of Confucianism. Using an instrumental variable approach, we considered possible impacts on sex ratio and educational attainment of women relative to men, based on test score and population census data. We found that Confucianism has a long lasting impact on gender inequality. However, the results also suggested that women tended to try harder, perhaps as a countermeasure against discrimination. |
| Keywords: | Confucianism; Gender inequality; Sex ratio; Education; Vietnam |
| JEL: | I14 I24 J16 N35 Z1 |
| Date: | 2020–07–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:101487&r=all |
| By: | Kustanto, Andi |
| Abstract: | This study discusses the analysis of the impact of infrastructure development, human capital and trade openness on regional economic growth in Indonesia using the panel data method. The model was built based on the Solow growth model using road infrastructure, electricity infrastructure, health infrastructure, life expectancy, mean years of schooling and trade openness in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Estimation results obtained from this study using the fixed effects model indicate that regional economic growth in Indonesia is influenced by electricity infrastructure, health infrastructure, mean years of schooling, life expectancy, and trade openness. Whereas road infrastructure has a negative and not significant effect on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Life expectancy has the biggest impact on regional economic growth followed by mean years of schooling, health infrastructure, electricity infrastructure, and trade openness. |
| Date: | 2020–02–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ez5dn&r=all |
| By: | Putra, Eri Yulia; Afriyeni, Afriyeni; Tanjung, Mariani St.B |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to measure the finacial health of the Bank Pembangunan Derah Sumatera Barat Cabang Pembantu Aur Kuning by using the ratio NPL and LDR. This research is a descriptive study using time series data analysis methods apporoach. Type of data used quantitative data in the from of annual financial statements of Bank Pembangunan Daerah Sumatera Barat Cabang Pembantu Aur Kuning 2017-2019. the results of this study indicate that the NPL value of Bank Pembangunan Derah Sumatera Barat Cabang Pembantu Aur Kuning in the 2017-2019 period were in unhealthy position,with is not in accordance with the provisions of the indonesia bank with a safe limit of 5%.while the ratio of Bank Pembangunan Daerah Sumatera Barat Cabang Pembantu Aur Kuning in the 2017-2019 period is in a healthy position with an averge value of 74% in accordance with the provision of small indonesia bank of 75% in healhty state. |
| Date: | 2020–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:f8bnd&r=all |
| By: | Emre Özçelik (Economics Program, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Northern Vyprus); Erdal Özmen (Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | We investigate patterns and globalisation-related causes of premature deindustrialisation (PD) using a large panel of advanced (AE), emerging (EME) and developing (DE) economies. We find that, PD tends to be the case for all EME and DE, except E. Asian countries. African countries appear to be hit worst by PD. Globalisation-related determinants of PD vary across country groups. Higher trade openness leads to deindustrialisation in DE. Trade openness, however, enhances dependent industrialisation in Latin American countries and the ‘factory economies’ of E. Asia, which have stronger linkages to global value chains. It is our contention that development possibilities can be expanded by aiming at higher technology activities and more intense forward-linkages to global value chains. Our findings suggest that such strategic industrial policies at the levels of EME and DE have the potential to generate growth convergence at international level. It is our contention that development possibilities can be expanded by aiming at more intense linkages to global value chains, but proactive industrial policies at the levels of EME and DE are required to achieve such expansion. |
| Keywords: | Developing Economies, Emerging Market Economies, Global Value Chains, Growth, Industrial Policy, Premature Deindustrialisation |
| JEL: | L60 O10 O14 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:2001&r=all |
| By: | Dao, Kieu Oanh; Nguyen, V.C.; Dinh, Si Tri Nhan |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to investigate the impact of the real effective exchange rate and broad money supply on the trade balance in Vietnam using quarterly data from the first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2018. Using the ARDL-ECM approach to investigate this effect, a cointegration relationship exists between real effective exchange rate, broad money supply and trade balance. Results demonstrate that real effective exchange rate has a short-term negative impact on trade balance. Additionally, broad money supply has a positive impact on trade balance in the short run and long run with a very weak effect. Surprisingly, it was found that real foreign income and local income have no impact on trade balance. |
| Date: | 2020–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ze89s&r=all |
| By: | Bairagi, Subir K.; Mishra, Ashok K.; Tran, Dat Q. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea20:304222&r=all |
| By: | Ting He |
| Abstract: | Asian option, as one of the path-dependent exotic options, is widely traded in the energy market, either for speculation or hedging. However, it is hard to price, especially the one with the arithmetic average price. The traditional trading procedure is either too restrictive by assuming the distribution of the underlying asset or less rigorous by using the approximation. It is attractive to infer the Asian option price with few assumptions of the underlying asset distribution and adopt to the historical data with a nonparametric method. In this paper, we present a novel approach to price the Asian option from an imprecise statistical aspect. Nonparametric Predictive Inference (NPI) is applied to infer the average value of the future underlying asset price, which attempts to make the prediction reflecting more uncertainty because of the limited information. A rational pairwise trading criterion is also proposed in this paper for the Asian options comparison, as a risk measure. The NPI method for the Asian option is illustrated in several examples by using the simulation techniques or the empirical data from the energy market. |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2008.13082&r=all |
| By: | Lar, Ni; Taguchi, Hiroyuki |
| Abstract: | This paper is trying to examine the impacts of the dependency rate on per capita GDP growth of Myanmar for the period of 1970-2018. Under VAR model framework, the impacts of population age structure (young and old dependency ratio) and saving rate (% of GDP) on economic growth of Myanmar has been searched. Any short run relationship among variables cannot be shown by Granger causality test. In the long run, VEC model has proved that population age structure and saving rate have negatively and positively on per capita GDP growth of Myanmar economy during study period. But its negative age structure effect is bigger than positive saving rate and therefore, Myanmar saving policy should be associated with age structure change. However, Myanmar has still a population bonus needed to utilize efficiently before it ends so that Myanmar could not face the problem of unemployment, and rural poverty |
| Keywords: | Myanmar , Dependency Ratio , Saving Rate , Per Capita GDP growth ,Unit Roots , Cointegration , VAR |
| JEL: | J10 J11 O40 |
| Date: | 2020–08–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102336&r=all |
| By: | Setiawati, Indah |
| Abstract: | As a maritime country, Indonesia potentials in producing salt based on community. The high import of salt indicates that the potential it has has not been developed to the maximum. Boiled salt produced by the coastal communities of Brebes Regency has the potential to be developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy of boiling salt business development in Brebes Regency by knowing the internal and external factors of the business. The results showed that the internal factors of salt business included supporting and inhibiting factors. Low education is a limiting factor and hereditary skills in boiled salt production are business supporting factors from the internal side. The external inhibiting factor of the boiled salt business is that there are cheaper competing products resulting in less competitive prices as table salt products. Supporting factors from the external side is the availability of abundant raw materials so that production can be increased more optimally. Seeing the existence of supporting and inhibiting factors from both internal and external sides, the strategy of boiling salt business development in Brebes Regency is directed to improve marketing skills by creating quality products that have market segmentation in certain circles so as to be able to produce competitive products. |
| Date: | 2020–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:752ew&r=all |
| By: | Ngoc, Bui Hoang |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the nonlinear impacts of fiscal balances on interest rates, exchange rates and inflation in large emerging economies. The paper applies asymmetric cointegration modelling in a nonlinear autoregression distributed lag framework to discriminate the effects of negative and positive changes in the fiscal balance on monetary variables in BRICs |
| Date: | 2020–08–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:evnhq&r=all |