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on South East Asia |
| By: | Natcha Mahapoonyanont (Thaksin University, Songkhla Campus, 90000, Songkhla, Thailand Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Education 4.0 originated from analysing Thailand's problems such as economic failure, political failure or social failure. Every problem involving failure blames education. Thailand 4.0 has a goal for Thailand to innovate. However, have education courses and teacher's education met the goals of Thailand 4.0 even though courses have been changed and modified for over 50 years? It is now time to change the country's education process to meet the country's innovation needs. Therefore, improving the quality of education management standards through school education systems is important because learning is driven by teachers and students in the classroom. Teachers need to manage various needs in classrooms, including social, emotional and pressure situations of an average of 30 or more students per classroom to help students learn and grow to become good learners in the future. Methodology/Technique - The aforementioned education quality standards will be improved if teachers can operate effectively in the classroom. Consequently, the question is how the agencies and organizations involved can help teachers in this situation because the level of improvement in education quality is "dependent on teachers". This may seem unfair for this huge responsibility because part of product output is affected by input factors and the aforementioned mission should not be left as the duty of only teachers or education personnel. Finding & Novelty - The research findings suggest that all teachers develop their careers by using the concept of AFL and could help students to raise their achievement and also could be efficient guides to drive Education 4.0 for Thailand. This research is aimed at studying and developing educational innovation based on assessment for learning to drive Education 4.0 and pilot study in the first phase by referring to teachers' observations, assessments, and recommendations. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Thailand 4.0; Assessment for Learning; Educational Innovation; Educational Reforms; Educational Quality. |
| JEL: | A00 A2 |
| Date: | 2020–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr564&r=all |
| By: | Nurulhasanah Abdul Rahman (School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Daisy Mui Hung Kee Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Despite extensive research on Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and innovation and performance, there are still limited resources on how these areas benefit Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). There are various financial aids and support services that are provided to SMEs. Despite this, SMEs still tend to perform quite low. This paper aims to identify the link between EO and SME performance using innovation as a mediator. Methodology/Technique - To achieve this objective, a quantitative approach is used. Questionnaires are collected from 285 SMEs in Peninsular Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis is applied to test the hypotheses on the direct and indirect relationships between EO and SME performance through innovation. Finding - The findings of this study show that only two aspects of EO (innovativeness and proactiveness) have significant relationships with SME performance. Interestingly, all dimensions of EO have a direct impact on innovation. Further, innovation has a direct effect on SME performance and is a significant mediator between EO and SME performance. Novelty - These findings indicate that EO is a strong predictor of Innovation and SME performance. The discussion provided in this paper strengthens the body of knowledge on Entrepreneurship and acts as a benchmark for future studies on EO, Innovation and SME Performance. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Malaysia; Entrepreneurial Orientation; Innovation; SME Performance. |
| JEL: | M13 M19 L25 |
| Date: | 2020–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr558&r=all |
| By: | Rahvy, Aisyah; Ridlo, Ilham Akhsanu (Universitas Airlangga) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia has made several regulations to end the pandemic, including PSBB. This regulation is related to physical distancing in all sectors and activities, including religious activities. To strengthen this policy, MUI and other Islamic organizations have made fatwa and official statement about how worships, especially those which are done in groups should be conducted during this pandemic. But efforts made by government and other organizations are not enough to ensure society that these regulations will not affect their religiousity. This paper is a literature review aimed to describe and analyze religious-related cases of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. It includes MUI, Muhammadiyah, and Nahdlatul Ulama responses (fatwa and official statement) to this issue and public responses as well. It also compared this case to vaccine hesitancy case, due to similarities between these two cases. Both of these cases are dealing with religious dogma as it affects the policies’ effectivity. Religious and community leaders are needed in this kind of cases in order to help government promote and educate people about health issues from religious perspectives. Moreover, some kinds of punishment made by government are needed to strengthen fatwas and rulings, as most of these religious opinions do not have legal enforcement. |
| Date: | 2020–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:kzhy9&r=all |
| By: | Banerjee, Abhijit (MIT); Finkelstein, Amy (MIT); Hanna, Rema (Harvard University); Olken, Benjamin (MIT); Ornaghi, Arianna (University of Warwick); Sumarto, Sudarno (TNP2K and SMERU) |
| Abstract: | To assess ways to achieve widespread health insurance coverage with financial solvency in developing countries, we designed a randomized experiment involving almost 6,000 households in Indonesia who are subject to a nationally mandated government health insurance program. We assessed several interventions that simple theory and prior evidence suggest could increase coverage and reduce adverse selection : substantial temporary price subsidies (which had to be activated within a limited time window and lasted for only a year), assisted registration, and information. Both temporary subsidies and assisted registration increased initial enrollment. Temporary subsidies attracted lowercost enrollees, in part by eliminating the practice observed in the no subsidy group of strategically timing coverage for a few months during health emergencies. As a result, while subsidies were in effect, they increased coverage more than eightfold, at no higher unit cost ; even after the subsidies ended, coverage remained twice as high, again at no higher unit cost. However, the most intensive (and effective) intervention – assisted registration and a full one-year subsidy – resulted in only a 30 percent initial enrollment rate, underscoring the challenges to achieving widespread coverage |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:454&r=all |
| By: | Medical, Kaliksa |
| Abstract: | KLINIK ABORSI DENPASAR -JUAL OBAT ABORSI DENPASAR AMPUH 0821 2199 4449 - OBAT PENGGUGUR KANDUNGN DENPASAR - OBAT TELAT BULAN DENPASAR KLINIK ABORSI, OBAT ABORSI, JUAL OBAT ABORSI, CARA MENGGUGURKAN KANDUNGAN. Kami beri jasa Aborsi dengan bantuan obat Cytotec melalui metode terpadu kami terbukti selama 3 tahun sejauh ini HANYA mampu mencapai keberhasilan aborsi sampai 97%. Tidak ada keberhasilan 100% atau mutlak karena ditentukan oleh beberapa parameter, kondisi badan setiap individu sengat berbeda satu sama lain. Tidak ada 1 pun orang di dunia ini bahkan pemenang NOBEL biologi sekalipun bisa menggaransi hasil dan reaksi yang sama persis pada setiap individu (tehnik sampling dan statistik), setiap obat yang diluncurkan di pasaran sudah melewati ribuan tes dan percobaan pada hewan dan manusia. ANDA HARUS TAU FAKTA INI. Hanya orang bodoh yang berani menggaransi hasil. Kita bicara realita. Apakah kalo anda sakit masuk RS, pihak RS menggaransi kesembuhan? CYTOTEC OBAT ABORSI obat misoprostol cytotec adalah salah satu prosedur medis yang paling umum di lakukan dimana seorang wanita yang memilih untuk mengakhiri kehamilanya.penting bagi seorang wanita yang telat datang bulan membuat keputusan mempertimbangkan untuk melakukan mengakhiri kehamilanya. misoprostol cytotec sering di gunakan untuk mengakhiri kehamilan yang tidak di rencanakan terjadi ketika kontrol kelahiran yang tidak di gunakan, atau di gunakan secara tidak benar dan gagal mencegah kehamilan. kenapa harus misoprostol cytotec ? Misoprostol tidak perlu intervensi bedah Misoprostol Aman (Harus dengan cara pemakaian cytotec yang benar) Cara penggunaan obat misoprostol cytotec mudah Peluang berhasil tinggi 90–99% sukses Harga obat cytotec murah (jika harus di bandingkan dengan Metode Aborsi Bedah) Cytotec dari produsen terkenal oleh pfizer dan di setujui FDA Hasil seperti kegguguran Alami Obat cytotec misoprostol di gunakan untuk menggugurkan kandungan ketika tes mengungkapkan bahwa janin abnormal, cytotec misoprostol sangat di anjurkan bila kesehatan ibu beresiko. cytotec misoprostol lebih bagus dari obat obatan lainya. Hati — Hati Terhadap Penipuan Yang Mengatasnamakan Penjual Obat Aborsi , Telitilah Sebelum Membeli Obat Aborsi Berikut ini kami informasikan beberapa tips yang dapat membantu anda untuk membedakan penjual yang asli dan yang palsu atau penipuan agar anda tidak salah tempat membeli : 1# Bisa Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) atau ketemuan pihak pembeli dan penjual. Penjualan obat ini merupakan suatu yang ilegal atau dilarang di Indonesia, jadi jika ada website yang menawarkan penjualan dengan sistem C.O.D atau ketemuan, mereka tidak akan bertahan lama 2# Obat Aborsi Ijin Depkes. Obat ini tidak akan ada DEPKES atau BPOM karena di Indonesia aborsi tidak di izinkan atau diperbolehkan, jadi obat aborsi hanya di akui FDA USA (Food and Drug Administration). Jika ada penjual yang mengatakan sudah ada ijin depkes ataupun bpom itu jelas PENIPUAN ! Jangan Pilih Yang Lain ! Anda tidak akan pernah salah tempat jika membeli dari kami. Tidak ada unsur penipuan dan yang jelas tidak mengecewakan. Kami siap membantu mengatasi masalah anda sampai tuntas. Hanya kami penjual obat aborsi terpercaya dan aman. Untuk itu kami menyediakan obat aborsi herbal yang aman di konsumsi sehingga tidak ada resiko . INFO LEBIH LENGKAP PEMESANAN / KONSULTASI HUB : CALL / SMS / WA: 0821 2199 4449 Cara Order Cepat Via Sms: 1. SMS ke dengan format sebagai berikut : Order : …… Nama : …… Alamat : …… No. Hp : …… Contoh SMS (misalkan nama anda sania) : sania, Order Paket 1 bulan(tuntas/standart), Jl buncit raya №1 RT03 RW05 Kelurahan kalibata kecamatan pancoran kota jakarta selatan 12740 via BRI Kirim ke no : 0821 2199 4449 MELAYANI PEMESANAN SETIAP HARI, SIAP KIRIM KESELURUH KOTA BESAR DI INDONESIA DAN LUAR NEGERI NB : Tidak Menerima COD TERIMA KASIH ATAS KEPERCAYAAN ANDA MENJADI PELANGGAN KAMI obat aborsi asli 100% ampuh (KALIKSA MEDICAL ) TLP/WA : 0821 2199 4449 |
| Date: | 2020–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:e7mct&r=all |
| By: | , mozilaakon |
| Abstract: | Jual obat aborsi malaysia, obat telat haid malaysia, obat penggugur kandungan malaysia, obat telat datang bulan malaysia Kami apotik bergerak dalam penjualan obat aborsi yang benar-benar asli sebagai cara menggugurkan kandungan yang manjur minim efek samping. Obat aborsi asli yang kami jual sesuai usia yang dibutuhkan dari mulai usia kandungan 1 2 3 4 5 6 bulan tidak lebih dari itu. Jika anda berminat dan membutuhkan segera pesan dan konsultasi langsung melalui nomer kami di bawah ini. Bisa melalui Whatsap Tlp Maupun sms Online 24 jam. Obat Aborsi Asli Apotik kami hanya menjual produk asli pfizer bukan produk palsu. Obat aborsi yang kami jual sudah tidak diragukan lagi keampuhannya dalam hitungan jam akan gugur bersih dan tuntas. Hebatnya lagi, obat penggugur yang kami jual tidak memberikan resiko tinggi terhadap wanita yang ingin menggugurkan kandungan, bisa dibilang minim efek samping. Keunggulan melakukan dengan menggunakan obat. 1. Efektif tingkat keberhasilan mencapai 97%. 2. Minim efek samping. 3. Proses cepat. 4. Tidak perlu melalukan tindakan berat yang menguras tenaga. Dan masih banyak lagi keunggulan aborsi dengan menggunakan obat. Obat penggugur kandungan yang kami jual terbilang paling ampuh dan menjadi no.1 di Dunia. Telah sejak lama digunakan oleh wanita di seluruh belahan negara. HARGA OBAT ABORSI MENURUT USIA KEHAMILAN Obat Abrsi Tuntas Untuk Usia 1 Bulan Kehamilan Harga Rp. 750.000. Obat Abrsi Tuntas Untuk Usia 2 Bulan Kehamilan Harga Rp. 1.200.000. Obat Abrsi Tuntas Untuk Usia 3 Bulan Kehamilan Harga Rp. 1.500.000. Obat Abrsi Tuntas Untuk Usia 4 Bulan Kehamilan Harga Rp. 1.800.000. Obat Abrsi Tuntas Untuk Usia 5 Bulan Kehamilan Harga Rp. 2.000.000. Obat Abrsi Tuntas Untuk Usia 6 Bulan Kehamilan Harga Rp. 2.500.000. Obat Aborsi Cytotec ini dibuat khusus oleh Pfizer untuk para wanita untuk menggugurkan kandungan sesuai keinginan sendiri. Sehingga, masalah kehamilan dapat diatasi dengan tuntas. |
| Date: | 2020–05–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:a426d&r=all |
| By: | Runato A. Basañes, PhD (University of Antique 5713 Sibalom, Antique, Philippines Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of this study is to determine the level of instructional leadership among public elementary school administrators in Antique, Philippines. Methodology/Technique - The study was conducted using the descriptive survey design to a sample of 182 purposively selected public elementary school administrators in the School Division of Antique, Philippines. The researcher adapted the National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads Questionnaire for this study. The questionnaire was originally constructed by the Department of Education (DepEd) - National Educators Academy of the Philippines (DepEd - NEAP).Findings - The results reveal that public elementary school administrators have poor knowledge in instructional leadership, specifically in developing programs and or adapting existing programs. The results also show that the public elementary school administrators have moderate knowledge in Assessment of Learning, Implementing Programs for Instructional Improvement, and Instructional Supervision. Novelty - The study suggests instructional leadership training programs for school administrators to increase their competence in instructional leadership so they can achieve the goals of their respective schools. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| JEL: | A21 I23 |
| Date: | 2020–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr562&r=all |
| By: | Sapian, Safeza; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | This paper makes an attempt to investigate whether the macroeconomic factors contribute to the credit risk exposure and non-performing financing (NPF) of Islamic banks. Malaysia is taken as a case study. The standard time series techniques are used to analyze the issue. The variables that have been chosen for the study are gross domestic product (GDP), Non-Performing Financing rate, Islamic financing rate (IFR) and unemployment rate (UMPT). The findings tend to indicate that Islamic Financing rate (IFR) stands out as the only factor that had a significant impact on the credit risk exposure and non-performing financing as well as the performance of Islamic banks in the context of Malaysia. |
| Keywords: | Islamic Banks, Credit Risk, Non-performing Financing, Time Series Analysis, Malaysia |
| JEL: | C22 C58 E44 G21 |
| Date: | 2018–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:100719&r=all |
| By: | Chaohua Dong; Jiti Gao; Oliver Linton; Bin peng |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the trending behaviour of COVID-19 data at country level, and draw attention to some existing econometric tools which are potentially helpful to understand the trend better in future studies. In our empirical study, we find that European countries overall flatten the curves more effectively compared to the other regions, while Asia & Oceania also achieve some success, but the situations are not as optimistic as in Europe. Africa and America are still facing serious challenges in terms of managing the spread of the virus and reducing the death rate. In Africa, the rate of the spread of the virus is slower and the death rate is also lower than those of the other regions. By comparing the performances of different countries, our results on the performance of different countries in managing the speed of the virus agree with Gu et al. (2020). For example, both studies agree that countries such as USA, UK and Italy perform relatively poorly; on the other hand, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore perform relatively better. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, deterministic time trend, panel data, varying-coefficient |
| JEL: | C23 C54 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msh:ebswps:2020-22&r=all |
| By: | Wahida Wahi (Quantity Surveying Programme, School of Built Environment, University College of Technology Sarawak, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study explores the role of quantity surveyors in the procurement of vessels in the Malaysian shipbuilding industry. The study's objectives include defining the quantity surveyors' relevance in the vessels, identifying the skills required of quantity surveyors by shipbuilding companies, and identifying the professional services quantity surveyors can offer to shipbuilding companies. Methodology/Technique - This study adopts an exploratory research design, mixed-method, sequential data collection, and the simple random sampling technique to select a sample size of 52 shipbuilders out of the 59 shipbuilding companies operating in Sarawak, Malaysia. The qualitative data was obtained through an interview held with the executive director of a large-sized shipbuilding company in Sibu town. Findings - A questionnaire survey was also carried out among the shipbuilding companies operating in Sibu town. A total of 21 usable questionnaire were received, yielding a 21% response rate. Descriptive statistics were obtained with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The results show that quantity surveyors are relevant in the shipbuilding industry. It was also found that quantity surveyors are required to be familiar with the shipbuilding design, materials, process, and contract. Novelty - The results suggest that the essential services that quantity surveyors can provide to the shipbuilding companies are estimating and cost planning. This study compliments the existing literature on shipbuilding and provides a direction for the advancement of the quantity surveying profession. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| JEL: | O13 O14 |
| Date: | 2020–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr560&r=all |
| By: | Thanh Viet Nguyen (Vietnam National University); Michel Simioni (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques); Dao Le Van (University of Economics and Business) |
| Abstract: | Vietnam has become a lower middle-income country in less than 30 years, and is now facing the middle-income trap risk. Knowledge of changes in total factor productivity (TFP) is an essential element in assessing this risk. An in-depth analysis of the evolution of TFP and its determinants in Vietnam is presented in this paper. TFP evaluation uses a recently proposed multiplicative-complete economically ideal index, namely the Färe–Primont index, to evaluate TFP and to decompose it into its different components: technical change, pure technical, mix and scale efficiencies. TFP is computed at the provincial level over the 2010–2017 period. The results shows that estimated provincial TFP values are, on average, small whatever the considered year, but they have increased with an annual compound growth rate of 3.46%. Technical progress as measured by TFP* appears to be the main driver of TFP growth over the period, with an annual compound growth rate of 3.34%. The expansion of the production set under constant returns-to-scale, from which TFP* is measured, is guided by movements of Ho Chi Minh city. Accordingly, on average, overall productive efficiency stagnated, with an annual compound growth rate of 0.12%. Technical efficiency has also stagnated over the period with its annual compound growth rate -0.62%. The results imply that there has been an increasing gap between provinces in terms of the resource allocation efficiency. This evolution may have negative consequences on sustainable economic development and lead the country into the risk of middle income trap in the future. |
| Keywords: | total factor productivity,technical change,technical efficiency,färe-primont index,vietnam,mix and scale efficiencies |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02622869&r=all |
| By: | Miptahul Janah (Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Amy Y. Sri Rahayu Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Administrative Science, University of Indonesia (FIA-UI), 16424, Depok, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The imbalance in income and expenditure in the JKN-KIS program clearly illustrates the main causes of its financial balance deficit. The government has implemented many top-down programs to overcome this issue, but these efforts have not yet shown any satisfying outcomes. The collaborative efforts in dealing with budget deficit problems in the JKN-KIS program have been carried out by many actors. The extant literature suggests it should be noted that the components are comprehensive and appropriately used in answering problems. This study consists of a theoretical discussion focusing on the potentials and challenges of bottom-up collaborative governance concept as well as a practical example of how this concept works in dealing with financial deficits in the National Health Insurance (JKN) program in Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - This study aims to explain the tendency of collaborative governance approach used. This study is conducted using a post-positivism approach with qualitative and quantitative data analysis using 13 state and non-state institutions for the period of the JKN from 2014 to 2018. Finding & Novelty - The results of the study show that there is no dominant tendency in each existing model. However, there are a "red thread" between collaborative governance models formulated. The results suggest that a bottom-up approach emerges as a critique to the old scheme of top-down approach in which the participation of the citizens or NGOs are not proportionally given. This finding implies that in adopting the bottom-up collaborative governance concept there are significant challenges for the collaborative governance approach in the future. Type of Paper - Review |
| Keywords: | Financial Deficit; Health Insurance; Collaborative Governance; Bottom-up. |
| JEL: | I13 I18 |
| Date: | 2020–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr563&r=all |
| By: | Diao, Xinshen; Mahrt, Kristi |
| Abstract: | Remittances are an important income source for the poor in Myanmar, particularly for low-income rural households. This policy note focuses on the likely impact on household income and poverty in Myanmar of declines in international and domestic remittances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a microsimulation model to do so. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, remittances, migration, models, rural areas, households, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; poverty; smallholders; Covid-19, microsimulation model, international remittances, rural households |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:6&r=all |
| By: | Goeb, Joseph; Boughton, Duncan; Maredia, Mywish K. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural input retailers play a key role in Myanmar’s agri-food system by supplying farmers with fertilizer, seed, pesticides, and other inputs necessary for successful harvests. Because farm-level input use is an important driver of yields for all major food crops, shocks to the input retail sector have major implications both for rural household welfare and for national food security. COVID-19 and the policies enacted to mitigate its spread have shocked Myanmar’s economy. Agricultural input retailers, like many other businesses, are squeezed between both supply and demand side shocks. On the supply side, agricultural inputs have long, international supply chains that could be disrupted by restrictions on international or internal trade and transport. On the demand side, the shocks to rural households’ incomes, crop prices, and uncertainty could affect input purchases. This research note seeks to help the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation of the Government of Myanmar and agricultural sector stakeholders understand the related shocks to Myanmar’s agricultural input retailers. We conducted a phone survey with 221 input shop owners and managers to understand (i) the demand-side effects of COVID-19 shocks as reflected in sales of key inputs, such as fertilizers, maize seed, vegetable seeds, and pesticides,the supply-side effects both in general and for key inputs, and (iii) business responses to COVID-19 shocks. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, farm inputs, supplies, farmers, fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, Covid-19, agricultural input retailers |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:8&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Seonghoon (Singapore Management University); Koh, Kanghyock (Korea University); Zhang, Xuan (Goethe University Frankfurt) |
| Abstract: | We examine the short-term impact of COVID-19 on consumption spending and labor market outcomes. Using monthly panel data of individuals mainly aged 50–70 in Singapore, we find that COVID-19 reduced consumption spending and labor market outcomes immediately after its outbreak, and its negative impact quickly evolved. At its peak, the pandemic reduced total household consumption spending by 22.8% and labor income by 5.9% in April. Probability of full-time work also went down by 1.2 pp and 6.0 pp in April and May, respectively, but employment and self-employment were only mildly affected. Our heterogeneity analysis indicates that the reduction in consumption spending was greater among those with higher net worth, while the decreases in labor market outcomes were greater among those with lower net worth. However, we find little evidence that those in worse health status experienced larger reductions in consumption spending and labor market outcomes. Reductions in consumption spending correlated with increased risk avoidance behavior, the nationwide partial lockdown, worsening economic outlook, and reduced income. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, pandemic, consumption spending, labor market, monthly panel data |
| JEL: | E2 I12 H2 J01 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13354&r=all |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Win, Myat Thida; Masias, Ian |
| Abstract: | Agricultural mechanization service providers (MSP) are crucial to enabling smallholder farmers to undertake a range of power-intensive farm and post-harvest operations in a timely manner. These operations are important for food production and farm income. MSPs are capital-intensive operations. The economic viability of these businesses is highly sensitive to capacity utilization, which generates the cash flow needed to repay equipment loans; to prices of imported capital goods, including machines, equipment, and fuels; and to the availability of machine operators, among others. Hence, the operations of MSPs are sensitive to restrictions on mobility and trade. The COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar, the restrictions imposed as policy responses to control the spread of the virus, and the associated market disruptions affect the operations of MSPs across the country. However, the specific impacts MSPs experience depends on factors specific to different regions and states. Measures to support MSPs and to ensure farmer access to their services should be guided by an understanding of the situation on the ground. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, agricultural mechanization, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, mechanization, farmers, loans, smallholders, Covid-19, mechanization service providers (MSP) |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:7&r=all |
| By: | Majah-Leah V. Ravago (Economics Department, Ateneo de Manila University); James A. Roumasset (Economics Department and UHERO, University of Hawaii) |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, Electricity industry, Energy transition, Philippines |
| JEL: | Q4 Q2 O1 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agy:dpaper:202009&r=all |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Giang, Long T. |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in income and employment loss in many countries around the world. Yet, hardly any formal study exists on household finance and future economic expectations in poorer countries. To fill in this gap, we implemented and analyzed a web-based rapid assessment survey immediately after the removal of lockdown measures in Vietnam, a lower-middle-income country that has received widespread recognition for its successful fight against the pandemic. We find that having a job is strongly and positively associated with better finance and more income and savings, as well as more optimism about the resilience of the economy. Further disaggregating employment into different types of jobs such as self-employment and jobs with permanent and short-term contracts, we find those with permanent job contracts to be more strongly associated with better assessments and fewer job worries. Individuals with good health and higher educational levels also have more positive evaluations for their current and future finance. These findings are relevant for post-outbreak economic policies, especially regarding the labor market in a developing country context. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19,recession,labor market,wage work,household finance,Vietnam |
| JEL: | I1 I3 J01 J08 O1 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:566&r=all |
| By: | Oleksandr Talavera (University of Birmingham); Nam Vu (University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of inventory shock on price-setting behaviour. Our analysis exploits a natural experiment involving the 2011 Thailand flood, which affected the production facilities of Western Digital (WD), the world’s largest hard drive producer. This natural disaster shock affected inventory and product availability—and, consequently, the pricing for U.S. hard drive sellers. The prices of WD and non-WD hard disk drives (HDD) increased within one month after the shock. Pricing of solid-state drives (SSD), the closest substitute for HDD products, was also affected, though with smaller responses. However, there is little evidence of changes in the price-setting of final goods (desktops or laptops) or complementary components (processors or motherboards). This suggests that the shock transmission is delayed and/or absorbed in production networks. |
| Keywords: | supply shock, inventory, price stickiness, hard drive, natural disaster |
| JEL: | G30 J10 J33 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bir:birmec:20-14&r=all |
| By: | Becker, Sascha O. (Monash University); Rubin, Jared (Chapman University); Woessmann, Ludger (Ifo Institute for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | This chapter surveys the recent social science literature on religion in economic history, covering both socioeconomic causes and consequences of religion. Following the rapidly growing literature, it focuses on the three main monotheisms—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and on the period up to WWII. Works on Judaism address Jewish occupational specialization, human capital, emancipation, and the causes and consequences of Jewish persecution. One set of papers on Christianity studies the role of the Catholic Church in European economic history since the medieval period. Taking advantage of newly digitized data and advanced econometric techniques, the voluminous literature on the Protestant Reformation studies its socioeconomic causes as well as its consequences for human capital, secularization, political change, technology diffusion, and social outcomes. Works on missionaries show that early access to Christian missions still has political, educational, and economic consequences in present-day Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Much of the economics of Islam focuses on the role that Islam and Islamic institutions played in political-economy outcomes and in the "long divergence" between the Middle East and Western Europe. Finally, cross-country analyses seek to understand the broader determinants of religious practice and its various effects across the world. We highlight three general insights that emerge from this literature. First, the monotheistic character of the Abrahamic religions facilitated a close historical interconnection of religion with political power and conflict. Second, human capital often played a leading role in the interconnection between religion and economic history. Third, many socioeconomic factors matter in the historical development of religions. |
| Keywords: | religion, economic history, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, economic development, education, persecution, political economy, finance, specialization, trade |
| JEL: | Z12 N00 J15 I15 I25 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13371&r=all |
| By: | Thi Tham Tran (Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Muriel Figuié (Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Lucie Sirieix (Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Paule Moustier (Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | The concept of origin-linked product is familiar to Vietnamese urban consumers: in a survey conducted in 2005,Vietnamese urban consumers were able to quote 265 Vietnamese origin- linked products, mainly fresh ones (fruits and vegetables). These products are valued for their sanitary quality and their cultural and historical meaning. Current debates on geographical indication suggest using the reputation of the origin-linked products among local consumers as an evidence of a specific link between products and geographical origins. Nevertheless this approach raises some problems, quality being a social construction. Increasing the role of consumers in defining this quality might weaken the role of producers and the possibility to use the geographical indication as a development tool. |
| Abstract: | Le concept de produits de terroir est un concept familier aux consommateurs urbains vietnamiens : ils ont pu citer au cours de notre enquête réalisée en 2005 plus de 265 produits, principalement des produis frais (fruits et légumes). Ces produits sont appréciés pour leur goût, leur qualité sanitaire et leur dimension culturelle. Mobiliser la réputation des produits terroirs auprès des consommateurs locaux en tant que preuve de l'existence d'un lien spécifique produit-terroir, comme le suggèrent certaines réglementations, pose un certain nombre de problèmes. En particulier, si l'on reconnaît que la qualité est une construction sociale, le poids accru donné aux consommateurs dans cette construction risque d'affaiblir les producteurs et le rôle du dispositif IG comme outil de développement. |
| Keywords: | food,Consumer,geographical indication,origin-linked product,quality,reputation |
| Date: | 2020–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02810653&r=all |
| By: | Seah, Kelvin (National University of Singapore); Pan, Jessica (National University of Singapore); Tan, Poh Lin (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | We explore whether the choice of broad versus specialized university curricula affects subsequent labor market outcomes, as measured by earnings, full-time permanent employment, and unemployment six months after university graduation. We exploit a unique episode in the history of the National University of Singapore, in which a university-wide revision in graduation requirements in 2007 prompted students in one of the largest faculties to read a narrower, more specialized, curriculum. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we compare changes in the labor market outcomes of graduate cohorts from the affected faculty, before-and-after the curriculum revision, to changes in the labor market outcomes of graduate cohorts from the other faculties. We do not find evidence that curriculum breadth matters for these labor market outcomes. Similar conclusions are obtained using regression-control strategies and rich administrative data on student characteristics and academic ability for the broader population of undergraduates at NUS. |
| Keywords: | university curriculum, curriculum breadth, difference-in-differences, earnings, employment |
| JEL: | I21 J31 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13364&r=all |
| By: | Abu Bakr, Norhidayah; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | Credit instability can cause severe negative impact to the long-term economic growth. It is also directly related to the recurring systemic banking and financial crisis. Driven by these motivations, this study aims to empirically analyze the factors that might explain credit cycle at bank level by taking Malaysia as the case study. We aim to make a comparison between Islamic and conventional banks by identifying whether the factors accounting for credit cycles between the two systems are different. By dividing the estimations into two data sets, the findings suggest: lagged credit cycle, asset price, excessive extension of bank credit and capital outflow are the factors that might influence credit cycle in the long term. While in the short-term, the factors are asset price, availability of loanable funds, banks’ capital, banks’ size, inflation, real interest rate, and capital outflows. Interestingly, our analysis supports empirically that there are some differences between Islamic and conventional banking system. Our findings acknowledged that Islamic banks hold some unique characteristics in the principles of its operations. Another important implication is that policy makers and industry players could observe the behaviour of the suggested factors and take the right actions to reduce the severity of the impact of unpredictable credit crunch. |
| Keywords: | credit cycle, determinants factors, Islamic and conventional banks |
| JEL: | C22 C58 G21 |
| Date: | 2018–10–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:101110&r=all |
| By: | Robert W. Fairlie |
| Abstract: | Social distancing restrictions and demand shifts from COVID-19 are expected to shutter many small businesses, but there is very little early evidence on impacts. This paper provides the first analysis of impacts of the pandemic on the number of active small businesses in the United States using nationally representative data from the April 2020 CPS – the first month fully capturing early effects from the pandemic. The number of active business owners in the United States plummeted by 3.3 million or 22 percent over the crucial two-month window from February to April 2020. The drop in business owners was the largest on record, and losses were felt across nearly all industries and even for incorporated businesses. African-American businesses were hit especially hard experiencing a 41 percent drop. Latinx business owners fell by 32 percent, and Asian business owners dropped by 26 percent. Simulations indicate that industry compositions partly placed these groups at a higher risk of losses. Immigrant business owners experienced substantial losses of 36 percent. Female-owned businesses were also disproportionately hit by 25 percent. These findings of early-stage losses to small businesses have important policy implications and may portend longer-term ramifications for job losses and economic inequality. |
| JEL: | J15 J16 L26 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27309&r=all |
| By: | Berge, T.; De Ridder, M.; Pfajfar, D.; |
| Abstract: | This paper compares the effect of fiscal spending on economic activity across four phases of the business cycle. We show that the fiscal multiplier is higher when unemployment is increasing than when it is decreasing. Conversely, fiscal multipliers do not depend on whether the unemployment rate is above or below its long-term trend. This result emerges both in the analysis of long time-series at the U.S. national level as well as for a post-Vietnam War panel of U.S. states. Our findings synthesize previous, at times conflicting, evidence on the state-dependence of fiscal multipliers and imply that fiscal intervention early on in economic downturns is most effective at stabilizing output. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal multipliers, countercyclical policy, cross-sectional analysis, local projections |
| JEL: | E62 C31 C32 |
| Date: | 2020–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2041&r=all |
| By: | Julien Hanoteau (KEDGE Business School [Marseille], AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Virginie Vial (IAO - Institut d'Asie Orientale - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we unpack Baumol's (J Polit Econ 98(5):893–921, 1990) theory of entrepreneurship's outcomes (productive, unproductive, and destructive) in a framework of failing institutions, considering that entrepreneurship is instead first characterized by two non-mutually exclusive types of behavior (conforming versus evasive). We hypothesize that the evasive activity (firm-level corruption) is undertaken as a second-best response to poor institutional quality, supporting the conforming activity. Using instrumental variable panel regression in the context of Indonesia, we evidence the mediating effect of bribing on the relation between local institutional quality and new business density, thus unveiling the real effect of institutional quality on entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship,Institutions,Corruption,Mediation,Indonesia |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02511782&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The CBM requested TA on bank supervision. The expert worked with the management and staff of the FISD over five missions in 2018 and early 2019 to develop a new, more risk-based approach to bank supervision. Two guides were delivered, one on offsite supervision and the other, still in draft form, on risk-based supervision generally, including a risk matrix approach to risk assessment and procedures for examinations. Many pilot applications of the new tools were prepared with FISD staff. |
| Date: | 2020–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2020/184&r=all |
| By: | Diana Thamrin (Interior Design Department, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Laksmi Kusuma Wardani Author-2-Workplace-Name: Interior Design Department, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Ronald Hasudungan Irianto Sitindjak Author-3-Workplace-Name: Interior Design Department, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Creative communities have the potential to increase a city's social, economic, and touristic values. Despite their evident existence in Surabaya, these communities lack support in terms of public spaces and exhibition facilities with suitable designs that could accommodate their unique activities and communicate their aspirations to the public. This research-design project aims to prove the social and economic benefits of the human-centered design process by implementing various human-centered design approaches in the interior design of creative community spaces (CCS) so that they can accommodate the unique activities of existing creative communities and serve as assembly points for entrepreneurial or start-up groups. Methodology/Technique - Two teams of interior designers were tasked to design a community space and exhibition facility for two creative communities in Surabaya. A combined method based on different human-centered design approaches of applied ethnography, participatory design, co-design, contextual design, emphatic design, and lead user approach was conducted through six stages of design process consisting of: Empathize, Point of View, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. Findings & Novelty - The results of this research-design project are novel designs of community co-working spaces and exhibition facilities based on the unique human values, hobbies, and characteristics of the creative community that proved the social and economic benefits of human-centered design in the practice of interior design. Through the design of the creative community spaces yielded, interior and building designers can promote the activities and aspirations of existing creative communities such that they may, in turn, contribute to the development of Surabaya's social, economic, and touristic values. Type of Paper - Review |
| Keywords: | Human-Centered Design; Creative Community; Community Design; Surabaya; Creative Economy; Design. |
| JEL: | M13 M19 |
| Date: | 2020–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr561&r=all |
| By: | Guven, Cahit (Deakin University); Tong, Lan Anh (Foreign Trade University Vietnam); Yuksel, Mutlu (Dalhousie University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the efficacy of Australian points system in a family context among working-age permanent resident immigrants who arrived between 2000 and 2011 when there was a major focus on skills selection. 67% of these immigrants were granted a skilled visa while 25% hold a spousal visa (spouses of Australian citizens). More than half of the skilled visa recipients are the spouses of the primary applicants. Primary applicants among skilled visa holders are assessed for their skills in line with Australian points system but secondary applicants, such as spouses, among skilled visa holders and spousal visa holders are not subject to any skills assessment before becoming permanent residents. We study differences in economic outcomes by permanent visa types and the role of points system factors in explaining these differences using Personal Income Tax and Migrants Integrated Dataset and Australian Census Longitudinal Dataset. We find that primary skilled visa holders earn at least 26-28 percent higher than spousal visa holders and this is similar for both genders. However, spouses of primary skilled visa holders earn 13-18 percent higher than spousal visa holders. This difference is higher among females than males. Occupation differences can account for nearly half of the differences in income and can entirely capture the role of education and English proficiency. Primary skilled immigrants and their spouses have higher rates of labour force participation and employment than spousal visa holders starting in the first year of arrival and the gap is much higher for primary skilled visa holders but these differences do not disappear quickly. |
| Keywords: | points system, immigration, administrative data, Australia |
| JEL: | J12 J13 J24 J31 J61 J62 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13377&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaounde, Cameroon); Xuan V. Vo (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | There is a glaring concern of income inequality in the light of the post-2015 global development agenda of sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially for countries that are in the south of the Sahara. There are also concerns over the present and future consequences of environmental degradation on development outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study provides carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions thresholds that should be avoided in the nexus between financial development and income inequality in a panel of 39 countries in SSA over the period 2004-2014. Quantile regressions are used as an empirical strategy. The following findings are established. Financial development unconditionally decreases income inequality with an increasing negative magnitude while the interactions between financial development and CO2 emissions have the opposite effect with an increasing positive magnitude. The underlying nexuses are significant exclusively in the median and top quantiles of the income inequality distribution. CO2 emission thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for financial development to continuously reduce income inequality are 0.222, 0.200 and 0.166 metric tons per capita for the median, 75th quantile and 90th quantile of the income inequality distribution, respectively. Policy implications are discussed with particular relevance to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; Inequality; Finance; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sustainable development |
| JEL: | H10 Q20 Q30 O11 O55 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:20/030&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaounde, Cameroon); Xuan V. Vo (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | There is a glaring concern of income inequality in the light of the post-2015 global development agenda of sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially for countries that are in the south of the Sahara. There are also concerns over the present and future consequences of environmental degradation on development outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study provides carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions thresholds that should be avoided in the nexus between financial development and income inequality in a panel of 39 countries in SSA over the period 2004-2014. Quantile regressions are used as an empirical strategy. The following findings are established. Financial development unconditionally decreases income inequality with an increasing negative magnitude while the interactions between financial development and CO2 emissions have the opposite effect with an increasing positive magnitude. The underlying nexuses are significant exclusively in the median and top quantiles of the income inequality distribution. CO2 emission thresholds that should not be exceeded in order for financial development to continuously reduce income inequality are 0.222, 0.200 and 0.166 metric tons per capita for the median, 75th quantile and 90th quantile of the income inequality distribution, respectively. Policy implications are discussed with particular relevance to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; Inequality; Finance; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sustainable development |
| JEL: | H10 Q20 Q30 O11 O55 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:20/030&r=all |