|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Kurnia, Arif |
| Abstract: | economy refers to the economy in the island of Borneo. Borneo island politically administered by three countries which are Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. There are two states of Malaysia located in Borneo and they are Sabah and Sarawak. For the Indonesian side, there are five provinces in Kalimantan, Borneo. They are North Kalimantan (KALTARA), East Kalimantan (KALTIM), Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan. The market size is reported to be over 20 million population for the whole of Borneo. Economy of Borneo has a huge potential if being fully utilized and integrated. Good road, sea and air connectivity within Borneo has the potential to stimulate and enhance economic interaction within Borneo. Recent announcement made by Indonesian government to shift capital city to Kalimantan indeed gives a lot of hope to Kalimantan and neighboring countries. A preliminary survey involving 50 individuals in North Kalimantan was undertaken to understand the view of various stakeholders. The findings in general find that the capital city relocation has the potential to benefit North Kalimantan at least in the long run. It also has the potential to produce positive effects on neighboring provinces and nearby states. |
| Keywords: | relocation of capital city, Kalimantan, Sabah, Borneo, economy, impact |
| JEL: | F1 O1 |
| Date: | 2020–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:100379&r=all |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Ajmani, Manmeet; Roy, Devesh; Fadhillah, Aniq; Liu, Yanyan |
| Abstract: | Despite the growth of agrifood markets, and gradual structural transformation, smallholders persist in Asia. Such patterns are at odds with the views that market growth should encourage more specialization whereby smallholders’ transition to either larger farmers or specialized non-farm households. Using the panel household data in Vietnam, this study investigates how participation in agrifood markets affect smallholder households’ economies of scope (EOS) in diversifying into agriculture and non-agricultural income-earning activities. We find that, greater agrifood market participation proxied by the increased food purchase generally increases EOS between agriculture and non-agricultural activities at the household level. Moreover, it leads to greater labor productivity in agriculture, and also increases female household members’ diversifications into both agriculture and non-agricultural income-earning activities. These effects are relatively stronger and more consistent than conventional indicators of agrifood product sales or proximity to the market. The results shed more light on how exactly smallholders in Vietnam persist in the face of agrifood market growth, and what kind of their relations with such a growing market can be promoted in ways that enhance their livelihoods in the short- to medium- terms. |
| Keywords: | VIET NAM; VIETNAM; SOUTH EAST ASIA; ASIA; smallholders; agrifood sector; models; markets; gender; farm income; labour productivity; female labour; agrifood market participation; economies of scope; primal model; dual model |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1922&r=all |
| By: | Cisneros Tersitsch, Marco Elías; Kis-Katos, Krisztina; Nuryartono, Nunung |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the interactions between political and economic incentives to foster forest conversion in Indonesian districts. Using a district-level panel data set from 2001 to 2016, we analyze variation in remotely sensed forest loss and forest fires as well as measures of land use licensing. We link these outcomes to economic incentives to expand oil palm cultivation areas as well as political incentives arising before idiosyncratically-timed local mayoral elections. Empirical results document substantial increases in deforestation and forest fires in the year prior to local elections. Additionally, oil palm plays a crucial role in driving deforestation dynamics. Variations in global market prices of palm oil are closely linked to deforestation in areas which are geo-climatically best suited for growing oil palm and they amplify the importance of the political cycle. We thus find clear evidence for economic and political incentives reinforcing each other as drivers of forest loss and land conversion for oil palm cultivation. |
| Keywords: | democratization,decentralization,elections,deforestation,forest conservation,demand shocks,palm oil,concessions,Indonesia,Price Transmission Analysis,VECM,Tripartite Rubber Council,Indonesia,Thailand,Malaysia,Policy Interventions |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:crc990:31&r=all |
| By: | Diao, Xinshen; Li, Ruoxin |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the implication of economic structural change and dietary transformation on changing patterns of agri-food trade among 17 Asian development countries. Sub-regional trade in Central, South, and Southeast Asia is the focus of the paper, along with trade with other partners outside the sub-regions. The paper finds that Asian markets for total agri-food exports and exports of nutritious foods are generally more important than the markets outside of Asia and for many of them, the importance of Asian markets increases over time. While net exporters and importers co-exist in each sub-region, with a few exceptions, sub-regional trade is often less important. Many small countries trade only with one or two large neighbors and less so with each other. The dietary transformation impacts trade in nutritious foods in diverse ways. With income growth, increased domestic demand for nutritious foods seem to lead to more imports of these foods. While many South and Southeast Asian countries have a comparative advantage in exports of some nutritious food products, growth in these exports can be negatively affected by rising domestic demand. Although nutritious food exports continue to play important roles in total agri-food exports, export growth of nutritious food is often slower than overall growth of agri-food exports. The dietary transformation also seems to lead to increases in demand for processed foods which many Asian countries meet through imports, often, accounting for a large component of total agri-food imports. On the other hand, processed foods generally account for a small portion of agri-food exports. However, there are a few countries where processed food export growth is rapid. In these cases, the sub-regional market is expanding, but with few exceptions, it is still less important than trade with countries outside the sub-regions. The paper also finds that agri-food exports and imports are highly concentrated, and a small group of commodities dominate most countries export and import portfolios and remain unchanged over time. The main markets for these important commodities are generally not in the sub-regions and this mismatch between demand and supply of agri-food commodities within sub-region is a natural barrier for promoting regional trade. The modified trade complementary index developed in this paper is based on Michaely (1996) and shows that trade complementarity measures are positively correlated with actual bilateral trade. Small countries tend to enjoy higher levels of complementarity with one or two large trading partners than with other small countries in the same sub-region. This implies that small countries could be better off from bilateral trade arrangements with large partners compared to a regional trade agreement within the sub-region. Because the sub-regional market is oftentimes not large enough to meet large countries’ import demand or consume their export supply, regional trade agreements within sub-regions may be less likely to serve their needs for trade expansion than negotiating with large trading partners outside the sub-regions. While many Asian developing countries’ governments have been pushing for trade diversification and want to reduce export dependencies concentrated on one or two large trading partners, this paper shows the challenges to achieve this policy goal. For small countries, focusing on bilateral trade arrangements with their dominant trading partners seems to be a more practical and effective strategy than regional trade agreements within sub-regions. Long-term trade arrangements, consistent trade policies, and various preferential trade arrangements should be pursued by small countries with their larger trading partners to promote agri-food exports. |
| Keywords: | BANGLADESH; SOUTH ASIA; ASIA; INDIA; SRI LANKA; NEPAL; PAKISTAN; INDONESIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; SOUTH EAST ASIA; CAMBODIA; LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC; INDOCHINA; MYANMAR; BURMA; MALAYSIA; PHILIPPINES; THAILAND; VIET NAM; VIETNAM; KAZAKHSTAN; KYRGYZSTAN; TAJIKISTAN; UZBEKISTAN; CENTRAL ASIA; agrifood sector; trade; exports; diet; nutrition; economic growth; imports; processed foods; trends; agri-food; agri-food trade; nutritious foods; nutritious food exports; agri-food export commodities; export commodities |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1921&r=all |
| By: | Simanjuntak, Fredy |
| Abstract: | The history of the church notes that to this day the Protestant Church is a family whose history is most often divided. Nevertheless the development is quite significant in the present. The process of developing the church resulted in various streams in the church such as Lutheran, Calvinist, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostal, Charismatic, Evangelical, Adventist, until Jehovah's Witnesses, in the course of the Pentecostal & Charismatic flow so fertile in today's growth. The flow of Pentecostalism and Charismaticism, in its origin and method, has a unique and phenomenal history in Indonesia. The uniqueness of Indonesia's spiritual context is illustrated by rapid growth. The Pentecostal and Charismatic movements felt their influence in various churches around us. Phenomena such as the ability to speak in tongues, healing, and prophecy and aspects of emotional experience that are so prominent in this movement make the public wonder, is it true that all of this is the work of the Holy Spirit? The purpose of this paper is to provide an observation of facts, spiritual life background, the meaning of faith, and understanding of the role of the Holy Spirit adopted by followers of the Pentecost-Charismatic Movement in the context of the challenges of contextualization and syncretism in the relationship between Pentecostal-Charismatic and Christian spirituality in Indonesia. In light of the significant regional diversity in Indonesian religious thought and experience, the scope of this research is limited to the idea of contextualization also limited to its use in the missiological context. |
| Date: | 2018–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wzps9&r=all |
| By: | Toth, Russell |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, microfinance, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, economic crises, food security, resilience, economic recovery, poverty, Covid-19, |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese3&r=all |
| By: | Toth, Russell |
| Abstract: | This note discusses the significant risks facing microfinance institutions (MFI) in Myanmar in the wake of the COVID-19 health and economic crisis and the implications for poverty and food insecurity of a serious negative shock to the MFI sector. The note is based on a desk review of the early policy responses in Myanmar, of best practices identified by international and local experts, and online discussions with leaders of MFIs operating in Myanmar. The objective is to make policymakers aware of the crucial role MFIs play in a wide range of economic activities in Myanmar, including food production, processing, trade, and marketing. A serious disruption to the MFI sector has the potential to: • Exacerbate food insecurity through damaging economic resilience in the short-to-medium term, • Lower agricultural output in the critical upcoming monsoon production season, and • Harm the potential for microfinance to contribute to economic recovery. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, microfinance, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, economic crises, food security, resilience, economic recovery, poverty, Covid-19, |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:3&r=all |
| By: | Theifera, Justina Camelia |
| Abstract: | Jurnal “Boosting Indonesia’s Tourism Sector to be Competitive” menjelakan bahwa sektor pariwisata memiliki dampak langsung dan tidak langsung pada perekonomian dalam negeri. Dampak secara langsung meningkatkan aliran modal ke Indonesia. Dampak secara tidak langsung pada pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2020–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7bvr9&r=all |
| By: | Prastya, Darya Yudanta |
| Abstract: | Tanpa kita sadari sangat banyak sektor yang berjalan agar pendapatan negara tetap naik dan perekonomian tetap berjalan, salah satunya adalah sektor pariwisata. Sektor pariwisata merupakan sektor yang menyumbang devisa dan valas paling besar di Indonesia, hal ini ditunjang dengan banyaknya objek wisata yang dimiliki Indonesia ditambah dengan beragam macam flora dan fauna yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia sehingga banyak wisatawan yang tertarik untuk datang ke Indonesia sekaligus menikmati objek wisata di Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2020–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ermwu&r=all |
| By: | Pratiwi, Arista |
| Abstract: | Indonesia di mata turis asing mancanegara terkenal dengan tempat - tempat wisata yang ramai dikunjungi. Karena tempat - tempat wisata di Indonesia masih terkenal dengan nilai dan budaya setempat. Turis asing bisa berkunjung ke Indonesia dikarenakan adanya promosi yang gencar oleh pemerintah dan juga masyarakat lokal yang sudah dikenal banyak orang (influencer). |
| Date: | 2020–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zyfpv&r=all |
| By: | Ahsan,Md Nazmul; Banerjee,Rakesh; Maharaj,Riddhi |
| Abstract: | Access to primary care during early life can have substantial benefits in developing countries. This study evaluates the long-run impact of the Village Midwife Program in Indonesia. It utilizes the roll-out-variation of the program and link individual background and community characteristics in early childhood to adult outcomes in the Indonesian Family Life Survey. It finds that the presence of a midwife in a community in utero leads to an improvement in overall health, cognition, and economic outcomes among men, but not for women. Greater receipt of antenatal care and skilled birth-attendance could, in part, drive these results. |
| Keywords: | Health Care Services Industry,Labor Markets,Reproductive Health,Educational Sciences |
| Date: | 2020–05–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9243&r=all |
| By: | Researchers of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Michigan State University |
| Abstract: | The recent sudden imposition of a stringent 21-day lockdown in India in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the food security of many vulnerable Indians. These impacts highlight the many challenges that this kind of anti-COVID intervention can pose in other settings where the labor force is mostly informally employed with poor job security and low wages, and where the agri-food systems is similarly informal with widespread use of open-air markets. Myanmar is such a setting. India’s chastening experience with food security during its lockdown suggests the following actions would be imperative for maintaining food security in Myanmar: • Allow the free movement of all goods. A stable and reliable agri-food system requires free movements of a wide range of food products (including micronutrient-rich fruits, vegetables and animal-sourced foods) as well as essential non-food goods. • Monitor food markets and agricultural value chains as closely as possible to address problems when they do arise. • Reduce risk of COVID-19 contagion by improving hygiene in Myanmar’s food markets. • Issue clear directives to police, military, and local authorities not to impede the movement of goods. The Government of Myanmar should learn from the mistakes made in India and other developing countries. We must recognize that basic food and nutrition security must be maintained at all times through this complex health and socioeconomic crisis. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, INDIA, SOUTH ASIA, food security, nutrition, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, agrifood systems, infant mortality, health, movement restrictions, lockdown, Covid-19, |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:1&r=all |
| By: | Prakoso, Abimanyu Bagas; Zafrullah, Ahmad |
| Abstract: | Tourism atau pariwisata adalah aktivitas seseorang yang berpergian kesuatu tempat atau tinggal di tempat diluar lingkungan sekitar mereka, biasa dilakukan lebih dari satu tahun lebih untuk bisnis, menghabiskan waktu luang dan hal lainnya yang tidak terkait dengan pelaksanaan kegitatan yang dibayar dari tempat yang dikunjungi (World Tourism Organization / WTO ) |
| Date: | 2020–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:f4d6r&r=all |
| By: | Mann, Laura; Kleibert, Jana Maria |
| Abstract: | Information-technology-enabled services (ITES) has become a sector of promise for many low- and middle-income economies seeking to leapfrog industrialization and build knowledge-intensive economies. Yet as a sector defined by accelerating processes of commodification and skill elimination, its long-term developmental promise must be carefully scrutinised. Analysing the development of the sector in India, the Philippines and Kenya the paper reveals both the contextual nature of past successful ITES policies and their developmental vulnerabilities. Drawing on literature on industrial policies and global value chains and production networks, the paper critiques the existing policy approaches by arguing that they are largely focussed on enabling value and employment creation and that they pay insufficient attention to questions of value capture and long-term socio-economic transformation. |
| Keywords: | ES/P009603/1 |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2020–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:103356&r=all |
| By: | Fauziah, Bayzurah Septi |
| Abstract: | jurnal boosting indonesia's tourism sector to be competitive kp B |
| Date: | 2020–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bmwxz&r=all |
| By: | Ramadani, Arif |
| Abstract: | Review Jurnal "Boosting Indonesia's Tourism Sector to be Competitive", mengenai sektor pariwisata di Indonesia |
| Date: | 2020–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nf7p9&r=all |
| By: | Irawati, Sherly |
| Abstract: | Indonesia pada saat ini dan masa depan masih bergantung pada sektor pariwisata untuk menutupi defisit neraca berjalan dan defisit anggaran negara. Nyatanya, setiap tahun masih sulit untuk mencapai target wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Indonesia dikarenakan berbagai kendala yang harus diatasi oleh pemerintah dan para pelaku bisnis pariwisata. |
| Date: | 2020–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:juh5q&r=all |
| By: | Gunawan, David |
| Abstract: | Boosting Indonesia’s Tourism Sector to be Competitive |
| Date: | 2020–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:f2zsr&r=all |
| By: | Bangun, Stevan Andycha |
| Abstract: | review jurnal "Boosting Indonesia's Tourism to be Competitive" mengenai perkembangan pariwisata di Indonesia dan dampaknya pada masyarakat |
| Date: | 2020–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:cspjy&r=all |
| By: | Researchers of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Michigan State University |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, INDIA, SOUTH ASIA, food security, nutrition, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, agrifood systems, infant mortality, health, movement restrictions, lockdown, COVID-19, |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:burmese1&r=all |
| By: | Boughton, Duncan; Goeb, Joey; Lambrecht, Isabel; Mather, David; Headey, Derek D. |
| Abstract: | There is an urgent need to anticipate and mitigate the threat posed by COVID-19 to Myanmar’s agricultural sector and to rural households that depend on farming for income and for food and nutrition security. We evaluate options to address the threat and to support farmers to prepare their land and plant their crops on time in the short window before the start of the 2020 monsoon cropping season. Recognizing that no single intervention can address the full range of vulnerabilities faced by rural households, we recommend a combination: • Expansion of access to seasonal farm credit with extended loan repayment schedules; • Limited agricultural input subsidies targeting certified seed; and • Implementation of a cash transfer program to smallholder farmers. Despite the high cost of a cash transfer program, there are good reasons to expect that the benefits of such support to farm households will outweigh program costs in monetary terms – even more so if the economic benefits from the consequent lower incidence of malnutrition to which the program would contribute can be measured. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR, BURMA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ASIA, smallholders, agriculture, food security, nutrition security, livelihoods, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, disease control, farm income, subsidies, Coronavirinae, COVID-19, |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:myanpn:2&r=all |
| By: | Nur, Ehwan |
| Abstract: | Sektor pariwisata Indonesia Merupakan salah satu sektor penghasil devisa utama dan memiliki pengaruh langsung pada segala hal yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pariwisata dengan harapan menutupi defisit transaksi berjalan, meningkatkan lapangan kerja, dan memindahkan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah ( UMKM). |
| Date: | 2020–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7gvqs&r=all |
| By: | Sawosri, Arieska Wening; Mußhoff, Oliver |
| Abstract: | This cross-country study compares risk and time preferences of farmers from two lower-middle income countries, India and Indonesia. Current literature mainly focuses on a single country context; however, this study involves more than one country. Hence, we could investigate whether the individual preferences of farmers from two countries with similar income level are the same. The preferences are key for the policymakers to make informed policy decisions regarding investments and acceptance of development programs. Our study involved 1,528 farmers. The risk and time preferences were elicited using incentivised experiments and simultaneously estimated following the joint-estimation-method by Andersen et al. (2008). Results show that the farmers in India show a higher level of risk aversion and lower discount rates, even though very high discount rates were encountered in both countries. As a result, policymakers should consider implementing policies to deal with high discount rates causing poverty and lack of investment. |
| Keywords: | Cross-country dataset,lower-middle income countries,risk preferences,smallholder farmers,time preferences |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:crc990:32&r=all |
| By: | Putri, Cindy Ananda |
| Abstract: | Di zaman yang serba internet seperti sekarang ini membuat banyak perusahaan bergerak dan beralih ke aktivitas online. Hampir segala aktifitas yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat menggunakan akses internet, seperti berbelanja, berpergian dan sebagainya. Banyak masyarakat yang memilih menggunakan aspek digital karena dapat memperpendek jarak, ruang dan waktu serta membuat biaya lebih ekonomis. Dengan hal ini muncul banyak perusahaan baru seperti startup yang dapat mendorong perusahaan melakukan berbagai upaya untuk tetap berkelanjutan di pasar mereka. Kelincahan bisnis startup ini mampu mengikis pangsa pasar dan menghasilkan pasar baru yang belum dipikirkan oleh pemain industri lain. Hal inilah yang mendorong banyak perusahaan di Indonesia untuk mentransformasikan bisnisnya menjadi organisasi berbasis digital. Namun sebelum mentransformasikannya, perusahaan memerlukan rencana bisnis digital yang unggul supaya dapat mengubah data menjadi informasi dan menggunakanya untuk mengambil keputusan yang lebih tepat. |
| Date: | 2020–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:cym5z&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, V.C. |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to discuss the trends of integration into the global economy since political and economic reforms (so-called Doimoi) and its influence on every presence of foreign investment in Vietnam. Lasting 20-year-war period and ended in 1975, by the mid-1980s per capita income was stuck between $200 and $300, Vietnam’s government introduced Doimoi through a series of reforms, and steered the country to be a socialist-oriented market economy. Based on the analysis of reform process and integration, the results are concerned. Our results demonstrate that foreign direct investment performance has significantly embraced trade liberalization with gusto. Further, the open trade policy in relation to FTAs could significantly promote foreign investment and maximize its benefits on the economy. |
| Date: | 2020–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ba2q9&r=all |
| By: | Michael Danquah; Kunal Sen |
| Abstract: | In many low-income transition countries, where formal institutions such as courts do not function effectively, informal institutions are often used by firms to minimize transaction risks. We examine the role of informal institutions, in the forms of relational contracting and social networks, in determining the risks that firms are willing to bear in their transactions with their suppliers and customers, and whether firms that bear such risks have higher firm productivity. Our country context is Myanmar, a country which is making a transition from a socialist to market-oriented economy. |
| Keywords: | Firm productivity, informal institutions, relational contracting, Social networks, Transitional economies, Myanmar |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2020-54&r=all |
| By: | Tung, Dao Duy (Tay Do University) |
| Abstract: | Over the past few years, Vietnam has been on the path of developing Cross Border Electronic Commerce (CBEC). E-business platform enterprise growth is scalabling transactions. CBEC’s economic effects are observed under four aspects as (1) Resource aggregate effect: cost effi-ciency, trading between producers and consumers is realized by E-business platforms; (2) Net-work effect: the positive correlation of platforms’ product or services with the quantity of con-sumers in increasing; (3) Innovation effect: startup costs for innovation (promotions, business models, new-coming products and services) have been recovered with E-business platforms. (4) The value of brand effect. |
| Date: | 2020–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:w2db8&r=all |
| By: | Abramovsky,Laura Fernanda; Andres,Luis Alberto; Joseph,George; Rud,Juan Pablo; Sember,German Eduardo; Thibert,Michael David |
| Abstract: | This paper provides new evidence on how effectively piped water consumption subsidies are targeting poor households in 10 low- and middle-income countries around the world. The results suggest that, in these countries, existing tariff structures fall short of recovering the costs of service provision, and the resulting subsidies largely fail to achieve their goal of improving the accessibility and affordability of piped water for poor households. Instead, the majority of subsidies in all 10 countries are captured by the richest households. This is in part because the most vulnerable population segments typically face challenges in accessing and connecting to piped water services. The paper also reveals shortcomings in the design of the subsidies, which are conditional on poor households being connected to a piped network. |
| Keywords: | Hydrology,Labor&Employment Law,Small Private Water Supply Providers,Sanitary Environmental Engineering,Health and Sanitation,Water Supply and Sanitation Economics,Town Water Supply and Sanitation,Engineering,Water and Human Health,Environmental Engineering,Sanitation and Sewerage |
| Date: | 2020–05–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9245&r=all |
| By: | Ya?ar Selman Gültekin (Duzce University); ismail baysal (Duzce University) |
| Abstract: | The Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park is located on the European side of the Dardanelles Strait, which separates Asia and Europe. In this study, Gallipoli National Park Forest fires from 1983 to 2018 are listed. As a part of method human based forest fires and human neglect based forest fires were evaluated. It was determined that the fires in Gallipoli forests were generally caused by the visitors during the tourism activities in summer times or as a result of the agricultural activities of the local people. Damages caused by forest fires to Gallipoli Historical National Park and their causes were evaluated from socio-economic perspective. In this context, the importance of the area in terms of tourism sector and and the life quality of local people were examined.In this study, the conditions affecting the forest fire hazard, especially the vegetation status of the area, were evaluated. Suggestions were made to improve environmental awareness for the tourists visiting the area and local people. |
| Keywords: | Human Impact, Forest Fire, Sustainable Forest Management, Socioeconomic Perspective, Gallipoli |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:10012567&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen, V.C. |
| Abstract: | Investing on human capital via enhancement of educational quality as one of the important factors to promote economic development all over the world. Basically, it is important to enhance pre-service teachers of primary education with necessary professional competences to implement teaching activities at primary schools. Based on relevant research on experiential activities, professional competence development for pre-service teachers of primary education and the general education curriculum in the case of Vietnam, the article develops a competency framework for organizing experiential learning activities for pre-service teachers of primary education in the context of education curriculum innovation; and simultaneously suggested fundamental solutions to improve pre-service teachers’ competence in organizing experiential activities. To achieve these above-mentioned goals, some research methods are used by the researchers including document analysis, pedagogical observation, and educational experience summarizing method. |
| Date: | 2020–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3hfsu&r=all |
| By: | Samuel Bazzi; Masyhur Hilmy; Benjamin Marx |
| Abstract: | Public schooling systems are an essential feature of modern states. These systems often developed at the expense of religious schools, which undertook the bulk of education historically and still cater to large student populations worldwide. This paper examines how Indonesia’s long-standing Islamic school system responded to the construction of 61,000 public elementary schools in the mid-1970s. The policy was designed in part to foster nation building and to curb religious influence in society. We are the first to study the market response to these ideological objectives. Using novel data on Islamic school construction and curriculum, we identify both short-run effects on exposed cohorts as well as dynamic, long-run effects on education markets. While primary enrollment shifted towards state schools, religious education increased on net as Islamic secondary schools absorbed the increased demand for continued education. The Islamic sector not only entered new markets to compete with the state but also increased religious curriculum at newly created schools. Our results suggest that the Islamic sector response increased religiosity at the expense of a secular national identity. Overall, this ideological competition in education undermined the nation-building impacts of mass schooling. |
| JEL: | H52 I25 N45 P16 Z12 |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27073&r=all |