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on South East Asia |
| By: | Shan Shan Teh (Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Daisy Mui Hung Kee Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has penetrated across the industrial world. It promotes innovation in organizing and controlling the entire value chain life cycle. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 not only brings convenience, but it also acts as a new trend toward smart technology. With this smart technology, production times are shortened, productivity is doubled, efficiency is increased, and income is also improved. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 is being emphasized among Malaysian SMEs. This is because SMEs constitute 98.5% of the business community in Malaysia. However, although the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is gaining popularity, SMEs remain relatively unaware on it. This has cast doubt on the readiness of Malaysian SMEs for the Industrial Revolution. Is the readiness of industrial revolution 4.0 reach the satisfaction level among Malaysian SMEs? Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the level of readiness of Malaysian SMEs for the Industrial Revolution 4.0. In addition, the study will also propose strategies to improve the readiness of SMEs in Malaysia for the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Methodology/Technique – Various papers and current information was accessed to determine the readiness of Malaysia for the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and strategies that can be employed to enable SMEs to adopt the new era of industrial revolution. Findings- From the findings it was concluded that Malaysian SMEs remain unprepared for the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Novelty - This paper proposed important strategies to assist SMEs and employees to adapt to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. |
| Keywords: | Readiness; Strategies; Small and Medium Enterprises; Industrial Revolution 4.0; Malaysia. |
| JEL: | M20 M13 M19 |
| Date: | 2019–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr548&r=all |
| By: | Bin Ni (Faculty of Economics, Hosei University,); Hayato Kato (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | Developing countries are eager to host foreign direct investment to receive positive technology spillovers to their local firms. However, what types of foreign firms are desirable for the host country to achieve spillovers best? We address this question using firm-level panel data from Vietnam to investigate whether foreign Asian investors in downstream sectors with different productivity affects the productivity of local Vietnamese firms in upstream sectors differently. Using endogenous structural breaks, we divide Asian investors into low-, middle-, and high-productivity groups. The results suggest that the presence of the middle group has the strongest positive spillover effect. The differential spillover effects can be explained by a simple model with vertical linkages and productivity-enhancing investment by local suppliers. The theoretical mechanism is also empirically confirmed. |
| Keywords: | FDI spillovers; Heterogeneous productivity; Firm-level data; Endogenous struc-tural break; Vertical Cournot model |
| JEL: | D22 F21 F64 Q56 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:2005&r=all |
| By: | Van Nguyen, Phuong |
| Abstract: | The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the sources of the business cycle fluctuations in Vietnam. To this end, we develop a small open economy New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (SOE-NK-DSGE) model. Accordingly, this model includes various features, such as habit consumption, staggered price, price indexation, incomplete exchange-rate pass-through, the failures of the law of one price and the uncovered interest rate parity. It is then estimated by using the Bayesian technique and Vietnamese data 1999Q1 − 2017Q1. Based on the estimated model, this paper analyzes the sources of the business cycle fluctuations in this emerging economy. Indeed, this research paper is the first attempt on developing and estimating the SOE-NK-DSGE model with the Bayesian technique for Vietnam. |
| Keywords: | International macroeconomics; international spillover; Vietnamese economy; New Keynesian DSGE model; Bayesian estimation |
| JEL: | E12 E31 E32 E47 E52 F41 F43 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:dynare:056&r=all |
| By: | Megawati Simanjuntak (Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Filza Nasiha Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University, Bogor, Indonesia. Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Food products are diverse in Indonesia. However, there are still numerous products have not certified as halal food. It becomes a challenge, especially for children who cannot adopt a decision with full consideration. This research aims to analyze knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, behavioral control, purchase intention, and purchase behavior differences among students from every level (elementary school, junior school, and senior high school). Furthermore, this research also aims to analyze the influence of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral control toward purchase intention and the influence of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, behavioral control, and purchase intention toward a purchase behavior. Methodology/Technique - The research conducted as quantitative research through a self-administered survey on 207 students from elementary school, junior school, and senior high school. The analysis performed SEM. Finding & Novelty - The results show that overall, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral control significantly influence purchase intention and attitude, subjective norms, behavioral control, and purchase intention influence toward a purchase behavior. This finding implies that the role of business and government in facilitating consumers to buy halal food. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Halal Food; Knowledge; Purchase Behavior; SEM; Theory of Planned Behavior |
| JEL: | M30 M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2019–09–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr545&r=all |
| By: | Cheng-Yi (Department of Business Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Author-2-Name: Jehn-Yih Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Tourism, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan Author-3-Name: Wong Author-3-Workplace-Name: Department of Tourism, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - General well-being (GWB) is important for students' mental wellness. This paper explores the motivations of Chinese students who study in Thailand and applies the push and pull model to explain how motivations influence life satisfaction (LS) and GWB. Methodology/Technique - 398 convenience samples from Dhurakij Pundit University were analysed. Findings - The results show that 'personal growth' is the most important push factor for motivation, whereas 'the convenience to go to other cities' is the most important pull factor for motivation. Moreover, overseas study motivations positively influence LS and GWB. Novelty - The theoretical and practical implications and study limitations are also discussed herein. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Push and Pull Theory; Life Satisfaction; General Well-being; Chinese Student; Thailand. |
| JEL: | M10 M14 M19 |
| Date: | 2019–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr543&r=all |
| By: | Yeshika Alversia (Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Ni Made Dhiar Wulan Vitaloka Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Nowadays, people became conscious of their outward appearance and use make-up and skincare to enhance their appearance. The trends in personal care are influenced by the advancement of social media. People use social media to share their opinion, thoughts, and experience about personal care. This study is purposed to analyze aspects such as homophily, authority, and interestingness towards purchase intention as independent aspects with EWOM credibility and source of trustworthiness as a mediating variable. Methodology/Technique - This study uses purposive sampling with 485 respondent samples from Indonesia and uses a method of scaling and structural equation model to see the relationship between variables. Findings & Novelty- The result of this research implies that homophily, authority, and interestingness has a significant effect on the source of trustworthiness. Furthermore, authority and source of trustworthiness has a significant impact on EWOM credibility. EWOM credibility is having a substantial impact on purchase intention. It is also found that homophily, authority, and interestingness strengthen EWOM credibility through a source of trustworthiness. This finding concludes that the source of trustworthiness works to strengthen independent aspects of EWOM credibility rather than depending on EWOM credibility itself. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Homophily; Authority; Interestingness; Purchase Intention; Source of Trustworthiness; EWOM credibility; Personal care. |
| JEL: | M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2019–09–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr542&r=all |
| By: | Jean-Philippe Berrou (LAM - Les Afriques dans le monde - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Matthieu Clément (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); François Combarnous (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Dominique Darbon (LAM - Les Afriques dans le monde - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kim Sa Le; Eric Rougier (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Middle class expansion in formerly poor countries has become the focus point of business groups, development banks and national governments over the latter decade. By naturalizing an income group into a social class with political agency, they misapprehend what exactly are these "people in the middle" and what exactly are their margins of influence on the economy and public policies. By combining microeconomic data on economic and social characteristics of middle income earners taken from the national representative living conditions survey and primary data on subjective perceptions of a representative sample of middle class household heads, we find that the Vietnamese middle-income earners (1) now represent a significant share of the population, (2) are strongly heterogeneous in terms of income, occupation and status, (3) comprises a large share of highly vulnerable households facing high individual risks uncovered by social protection, (4) is not a significant source of political change |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02147450&r=all |
| By: | Norasmah Othman (Faculty of Education Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Rafiza Mohd Asiar Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Unemployment and marketability among graduates are the country's current issues. This became clear when the unemployment percentage among graduates continued to increase yearly. Therefore, entrepreneurship education has been chosen as an alternative solution. However, currently, student involvement in entrepreneurship is still low. As low involvement occurs among students, especially those in private colleges, students may lack entrepreneurial behavior and intentions. Therefore, this study aims to identify the level of the entrepreneurial behavior and intentions among Bumiputra's students studying in Kuala Lumpur's private colleges.Methodology/Technique - A total of 387 students participated in a quantitative survey. Using a questionnaire as the study's research instrument, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.Finding - The findings showed that the entrepreneurial behavior and intentions among students are at a moderate level. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a significantly positive, although moderate, relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial intentions. The result suggests that to increase the number of entrepreneurs among students in Malaysia, all stakeholders should be involved in inculcating an entrepreneurial culture.Novelty - An innovative and practical-based entrepreneurship curriculum should be developed to encourage students to choose entrepreneurship as a career option upon graduation.Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial Behavior; Entrepreneurial Intention; College Student; Entrepreneurship Education; Bumiputera |
| JEL: | G10 I20 |
| Date: | 2019–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr550&r=all |
| By: | Norasmah Othman (Faculty of Education Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Rafiza Mohd Asiar Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Unemployment and marketability among graduates are the country's current issues. This became clear when the unemployment percentage among graduates continued to increase yearly. Therefore, entrepreneurship education has been chosen as an alternative solution. However, currently, student involvement in entrepreneurship is still low. As low involvement occurs among students, especially those in private colleges, students may lack entrepreneurial behavior and intentions. Therefore, this study aims to identify the level of the entrepreneurial behavior and intentions among Bumiputra's students studying in Kuala Lumpur's private colleges.Methodology/Technique - A total of 387 students participated in a quantitative survey. Using a questionnaire as the study's research instrument, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.Finding - The findings showed that the entrepreneurial behavior and intentions among students are at a moderate level. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a significantly positive, although moderate, relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial intentions. The result suggests that to increase the number of entrepreneurs among students in Malaysia, all stakeholders should be involved in inculcating an entrepreneurial culture.Novelty - An innovative and practical-based entrepreneurship curriculum should be developed to encourage students to choose entrepreneurship as a career option upon graduation.Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial Behavior; Entrepreneurial Intention; College Student; Entrepreneurship Education; Bumiputera |
| JEL: | G10 I20 |
| Date: | 2019–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr551&r=all |
| By: | Ibrahim, Norhaslina; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to investigate the Granger-causality between Islamic banks and economic growth. Malaysia is taken as a case study. The methodology adopted is the standard time series techniques. The results tend to suggest that Islamic bank financing leads growth and other variables, being the most exogenous compared to others. In other words, the finance is supply-leading rather than demand-following in the context of Islamic finance in Malaysia. Thus, this finding has clear policy implications for the government to keep on enhancing Islamic banks’ development leading to a positive economic growth. |
| Keywords: | GDP, Islamic Banks, Vector-Error Correction Model, Long Run Structural Modelling, Variance Decompositions |
| JEL: | C22 C58 E44 |
| Date: | 2018–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:98676&r=all |
| By: | Ria Nelly Sari (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Riau, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Dewi Junita Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Riau, Indonesia. Author-3-Name: Rita Anugerah Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Riau, Indonesia. Author-4-Name: Raisya Zenita Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Riau, Indonesia. Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to investigate the extent to which transformational leadership could enhance financial and social performance of village-owned enterprises through organizational capabilities.Methodology/Technique – This study conducted a survey involving village-owned enterprises in Siak Regency, Indonesia. 121 questionnaires were distributed directly to the directors of village-owned enterprises and 89 completed and usable responses were received. Data was analyzed using WarpPLS 5.0 to determine that transformational leadership, directly and indirectly through organizational capabilities can enhance financial and social performance of village-owned enterprises.Finding - This study demonstrates that transformational leadership has a positive direct effect on organizational performance. Transformational leadership also has a positive effect on organizational performance through organizational capabilities. This study proves that organizational capabilities act as a partial mediator on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Novelty - The results of this study demonstrate that transformational leaders are important in improving the performance of village owned enterprises. Therefore, this study suggests that village consultative bodies need to consider the behavioural characteristics of transformational leadership in recruiting village-owned enterprise directors. Type of Paper: Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Transformational Leadership; Organizational Capabilities; Financial Performance; Social Performance; Village-owned Enterprises. |
| JEL: | L21 L25 |
| Date: | 2019–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr549&r=all |
| By: | Saurabh Singhal (UNU-WIDER; Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides causal evidence on early-life exposure to war on mental health status in adulthood. Using an instrumental variable strategy, the evidence indicates that early-life exposure to bombing during the American war in Vietnam has long-term effects. A one percent increase in bombing intensity during 1965-75 increases the likeli- hood of severe mental distress in adulthood by 16 percentage points (or approximately 50 percent of the mean) and this result is robust to a variety of sensitivity checks. The negative effects of war are similar for both men and women. These findings add to the evidence on the enduring consequences of conflict and identify a critical area for policy intervention. |
| Keywords: | Early-life, mental health, conflict, Vietnam JEL Classification: I1, I15, H56, I31, N35, O12 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:270&r=all |
| By: | Dalton,Patricio S.; Ruschenpohler,Julius; Uras,Burak; Zia,Bilal Husnain |
| Abstract: | Business practices and performance vary widely among local peers. This paper identifies key determinants of such heterogeneity among a sample of small urban retail shops in Indonesia, and experimentally tests whether learning about the best practices of local peers is valuable for business growth. Through extensive baseline quantitative and qualitative fieldwork, the study develops a handbook that associates specific business practices with performance and provides detailed implementation guidance informed by exemplary local shop owners. Instead of offering formal training or in-depth counseling, this handbook is simply distributed to a randomly selected sample of shop owners and complemented with three experiential learning modules: one group is invited to watch a documentary video on experiences of highly successful peers, another is offered light in-shop assistance on the implementation of the handbook, and a third group is offered both. Eighteen months after the intervention, the study finds no effect of offering the handbook alone, but significant impact on practice adoption when the handbook is coupled with experiential learning. On business performance, the study finds sizable and significant improvements as well, up to an increase of 35 percent in profits and an increase of 16.7 percent in revenues. The types of practices adopted map these performance improvements to efficiency gains rather than other channels. The analysis suggests that these interventions are simple, scalable, and highly cost-effective. |
| Keywords: | Gender and Development,Educational Sciences,Transport Services,Hydrology,Private Sector Economics,Private Sector Development Law,Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8933&r=all |
| By: | Saleh, Rahmita |
| Abstract: | Bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, mengukur akses dan penggunaan TIK adalah kunci untuk memantau kemajuan negara menuju masyarakat informasi dan merupakan bagian penting untuk analisis dan perencanaan kebijakan bidang TIK dan kebijakan terkait lainnya. Dalam kaitannya dengan perancangan kebijakan, penting untuk melakukan pengukuran TIK di Kecamatan Barru Kabupaten Barru karena masuk dalam Kawasan Perdesaan Prioritas Nasional (KPPN), sebuah kawasan perdesaan yang ditetapkan oleh Bappenas dan Kemenko PMK guna mengurangi kesenjangan antara desa dan kota dalam berbagai sektor. Dalam agenda kebijakan KPPN, 4 dari 5 Desa di Kecamatan Barru termasuk didalamnya. Pengukuran ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan data statistik yang komprehensif dan sebanding untuk mendukung keputusan kebijakan pemerintah dan industri dalam bidang TIK untuk mengurangi kesenjangan digital di wilayah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey terhadap 384 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara tatap muka dengan menggunakan kuesoiner. Indikator yang digunakan mengacu pada International Telecommunication Union (ITU) pada tingkat rumah tangga dan individu. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa akses dan penggunaan terhadap telepon seluler dan internet sangat tinggi di Kecamatan Barru, namun akses dan penggunaan komputer masih rendah. |
| Date: | 2019–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7j6wz&r=all |
| By: | Lee, Janice Ser Huay; Miteva, Daniela A.; Carlson, Kimberly M.; Heilmayr, Robert; Saif, Omar |
| Abstract: | Environmental and social problems triggered by the rapid palm oil expansion in the tropics have spurred the proliferation of sustainability certification standards, which are market-based initiatives intended to ensure commodity production is carried out in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. One such certification scheme, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), aims to mitigate the impact of oil palm production on local communities and ecosystems. While previous work has focused on the environmental impact of RSPO, little is known about its impact on village development and potential trade-offs with environmental goals. To address this gap, we evaluate the impact of RSPO on promoting village development and protecting ecosystems in Kalimantan and Sumatra in Indonesia, the top global oil palm producer. Using observations from 11,000 villages over a period of 11 years, we apply rigorous quasi-experimental methods to quantify impacts along environmental and village development outcomes. We find that relative to noncertified concessions, RSPO resulted in small, often heterogeneous and geographically limited environmental and village infrastructure impacts relative to traditional oil palm concessions. Between environmental and development goals, we identify trade-offs on both islands. While in Kalimantan the impact on population was statistically insignificant, in Sumatra the trade-offs are correlated with a statistically significant decrease in the number of people in the treated villages. By illustrating the heterogeneity of the RSPO impacts, our results have important implications for understanding the mechanisms behind RSPO’s impacts and improving its design. |
| Date: | 2020–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:zrwpd&r=all |
| By: | Ross, Phillip H.; Glewwe, Paul; Prudencio, Daniel; Wydick, Bruce |
| Abstract: | The role of aspirations in facilitating movement out of poverty is a subject of increasing research in development economics. Previous work (Wydick, Glewwe, and Rutledge, 2013 and 2017) finds positive impacts from international child sponsorship on educational attainment, employment, and adult income. This paper seeks to ascertain whether the positive impact of child sponsorship on educational outcomes may occur through elevating aspirations among sponsored children. Using an age-eligibility rule applied during program rollout to identify causal effects, we study whether international child sponsorship increases educational and vocational aspirations among a sample of 2,022 children in Kenya, Indonesia, and Mexico. While effects are heterogeneous and strongest in Kenya, we find that over the three countries sponsorship increased indices of self-esteem (0.25σ), optimism (0.26σ), aspirations (0.29σ) and expected grade of completed education (0.43 years). We find that sponsorship increases actual grade completion by 0.56 among children at the time of the survey. Mediation analysis suggests that the impact of sponsorship on aspirations is likely to act as a channel for higher levels of grade completion. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:umaemp:302342&r=all |
| By: | Caria,Stefano |
| Abstract: | The latest push for industrialization in Ethiopia has attracted much academic and public interest. This paper assesses Ethiopia's competitiveness and attractiveness as an investment destination by comparing domestic productivity and input costs to a sample of manufacturing exporting countries. The paper documents that, in a comparison with Kenya, India or Vietnam, the labor cost advantage of Ethiopian firms is more than offset by low productivity. However, Ethiopia appears competitive when compared to Bangladesh. Capital, firm size, or sectoral composition do not explain the low productivity of the Ethiopian manufacturing sector. Ethiopian firms, however, have worse management, particularly in the area of labor management. The paper concludes by discussing the potential for labor interventions to increase productivity and create the condition for further industrialization. |
| Keywords: | Food&Beverage Industry,General Manufacturing,Textiles, Apparel&Leather Industry,Pulp&Paper Industry,Common Carriers Industry,Construction Industry,Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies,Plastics&Rubber Industry,Skills Development and Labor Force Training,Labor Markets,Private Sector Economics,Macroeconomics and Economic Growth,Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance |
| Date: | 2019–08–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8980&r=all |
| By: | Ho, Sy-Hoa; Hafrad, Idir |
| Abstract: | Exchange rate pass-through always deserves interest of policy makers and economists. In this paper, we study the measure of exchange rate pass-through on consumer price for Vietnam by using Nonlinear Autoregressive Dynamic Lag in the period from 2000Q4 to 2018Q2. Our findings can be summarized as follow: (i) we demonstrates the existence of asymmetric effect of exchange rate to domestic price in both short run and long run; (ii) the exchange rate pass-through is high; (iii) impact of exchange rate depreciation on domestic price is stronger than appreciation; (iv) the exchange rate pass-through is higher in the long-run than in the short run; (v) foreign competitor price plays an important role for domestic price movement. |
| Keywords: | Exchange rate pass-through; Asymmetric exchange rate; ARDL models; NARDL models |
| JEL: | C22 E52 |
| Date: | 2020–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:98651&r=all |
| By: | Pascha, Werner |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with the issue of how Japan is positioning itself in the emerging and contested field of international connectivity initiatives. It starts with surveying the emergence of the connectivity topic in recent years, paying attention to recent infrastructure initiatives in the Asia-Pacific and Eurasian regions. Although the current public debate on connectivity is dominated by an attention on China's 2013 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Japan has actually been engaged in international infrastructure schemes at least since the 1980s. This does not only hold for the Japanese state, but also for major multinational corporations of Japan. One is tempted to speak of a "Silk Subway": Japan has always been a very important, but not very visible player in international infrastructure connectivity. Several reasons for this low-key profile are pointed out. The recent upturn of Japan's engagement (PQI - Partnership for Quality Infrastructure, FOIP - Free and Open Indo-Pacific) is to some extent due to a shift of strategy: Whereas the country followed a rather unilateral approach in recent decades, the focus has shifted to strategic alliances embedded in a multilateral framework. Policy has become much more effective that way, while the role of Japan for international infrastructure connectivity still seems considerably underrated. |
| Keywords: | Japan,infrastructure initiative,connectivity,Partnership for Quality Infrastructure (PQI),Free and OpenIndo-Pacific (FOIP),Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) |
| JEL: | F53 F55 H87 L91 O19 P45 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:udedao:1262020&r=all |
| By: | Nguyen Chau, Trinh; Scrimgeour, Frank |
| Abstract: | This analysis investigates economic impacts of climate changes on Vietnam agriculture. The Ricardian approach is applied to ten-year panel data using the Hsiao two-step method. Estimates of the Ricardian model suggest heterogeneous impacts of climate change. Rising temperature is especially harmful to the Northern Central and the Southern region. Shortage of rainfall in spring only causes losses to the Central Highlands and Northern region. Rising summer precipitation is extremely harmful. Increases in precipitation help to harness the benefit of rising autumn temperature. The simulation indicates net agricultural surpluses in the long-run, with the Central Highlands being an exception. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nzar19:302100&r=all |
| By: | Muhammad Randy Fananta (PT Kuark Internasional, Komplek Perkantoran Permata Hijau, 12210, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Tria Umbara Author-2-Workplace-Name: PT Kuark Internasional, Komplek Perkantoran Permata Hijau, 12210, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Nena P Valdez Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei, Brunei Darussalam Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The fundamental scientific literacy skills of primary learners remains crucial as the STEM and Industry 4.0 thrusts begin to configurate across levels. Espousing the view that a visual fun-laden learning medium fosters learners' understanding on natural phenomena and its scientific literacy, this research aims to examine the effect of inquiry-based science comics as a learning medium in improving primary learners' scientific literacy skills. Methodology/Technique – This study employs the quasi-experimental method, specifically, the pre-test/post-test control group design. Three levels of learners' scientific literacy which covers scientific concepts and phenomena (LTC-1), thinking (LTC-2), and scientific inquiry processes (LTC-3) were quantitatively measured by using problem-set tests. The inquiry sequences of observing, questioning, exploring, discussing and evaluating were integral features of the inquiry-based comics and provided the direction of the learning sessions. Improvements in the learners' scientific literacy skills were qualitatively triangulated through series of class observations, learners' experiments and related artefacts, and post-mortem group discussion. Finding - The results show that there was a significant difference in students' scientific literacy using the inquiry-based comic. The increase in gained score occurred in the first (LTC-1) and second (LTC-2) level of scientific literacy. The skills of making diagrams, charting data and drawing conclusions also progressed in the experimental group. This finding indicates that inquiry-based science comics provide a support platform in developing the fundamental scientific literacy skills of primary graders. Novelty - The results of this study contribute to the limited literature on the use of instructional inquiry-based science comics in order to leverage scientific literacy skills of primary years. Type of Paper: Empirical. |
| Keywords: | Comic Books; Science; Inquiry-based Comics; Scientific Literacy; Inquiry. |
| JEL: | I21 I29 |
| Date: | 2019–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr547&r=all |
| By: | Hedy D. Rumambi (Accounting Department, Manado State Polytechnic, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Revleen M. Kaparang Author-2-Workplace-Name: Manado State Polytechnic, North-Sulawesi, IndonesiaManado State Polytechnic, North-Sulawesi, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Jerry S. Lintong Author-3-Workplace-Name: Manado State Polytechnic, North-Sulawesi, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Joseph N. Tangon Author-4-Workplace-Name: Manado State Polytechnic, North-Sulawesi, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Johanis Ohoitimur Author-5-Workplace-Name: Higher Institute of Philosophy "Seminari Pineleng," Manado, North-Sulawesi, Indonesia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Are stakeholders within the institution as actors, or are they also the goals of the institution's social responsibility? This study aims to provide new insight into the role of stakeholders in the implementation of social responsibility in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Institutions have a certain level of social responsibility, which is inherent to its existence. To exist, an institution relies on the presence of stakeholders. Stakeholders are considered as the key to an institution's legitimacy. The relationship between an institution and its stakeholders can be described as a social contract. Methodology/Technique - Using a qualitative approach, this study identifies the relevant stakeholders in HEI's and categorizes their roles and interests. The concept of HEI social dimension is used to analyze and interpret the data. The results indicate that HEI stakeholders consist of three levels, namely: primary (including management, lecturers, students, administrative staff, security officers, technicians, cleaning services, and the natural environment of the institution), secondary (including the local community, industries, alumni organizations, the government, accreditation agency, and the natural environment around the institution), and tertiary level (including society in general and nature). Finding & Novelty - The results suggest that the primary stakeholders become moral actors who carry out the institution's commitment to implement social responsibility. This finding implies that primary stakeholders become the executor and the goal of HEI social responsibility. Therefore, the institution's social responsibilities activities are aimed at the life and development of the institution itself. Social responsibility is carried out from the inside to the outside in a circular and continuous manner. Type of Paper - Empirical. |
| JEL: | M13 M14 M19 |
| Date: | 2019–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr544&r=all |
| By: | Ianchovichina,Elena; Martin,William J. |
| Abstract: | Recent work on China's accession to the World Trade Organizations pays little attention to the wave of reforms in China in the 1980s and 1990s. These reforms created the preconditions for accession and strongly influenced its outcomes. The preeminence of processing trade at the time of accession sharply reduced the impact of accession-related tariff reductions on exports and set the stage for China's increases in domestic value added and reduction in China's involvement in global production sharing since that time. The assessment in this paper, based on export data and simulation results on the ex ante accession-related effects on export volumes in the literature, finds that the accession must have increased China's real export growth by at most 6 percentage points between 1997 and 2005. This effect is substantial, but not as large as suggested by the difference between the pre- and post-accession export growth rates in the four years before and after accession. This is because the influence of cyclical fluctuations related to the Asian financial crisis and the U.S. dot-com crash dampened export growth in the period before accession in 2001 and accelerated it afterward. |
| Date: | 2019–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8932&r=all |
| By: | Kunimoto, Takashi (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Serrano, Roberto (Brown University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates rationalizable implementation of social choice sets (SCSs) in incomplete information environments. We identify rationalizable incentive compatibility (RIC) as its key condition, argue by means of example that RIC is strictly weaker than the standard Bayesian incentive compatibility (BIC), and show that RIC reduces to BIC when we only consider single-valued SCSs (i.e., social choice functions or SCFs). We next identify additional necessary conditions and, essentially closing the gap be-tween necessity and sufficiency, obtain a sufficiency result for rationalizable implementation in general environments. We also characterize a well-studied class of economic environments in which RIC is essentially the only condition needed for rationalizable implementation. Considering SCFs, we show that interim rationalizable monotonicity, found in the literature, is not necessary for rationalizable implementation, as had been previously claimed. |
| Keywords: | Rationalizable incentive compatibility; Bayesian incentive com-patibility; uniform Bayesian monotonicity; interim rationalizable monotonic-ity; implementation; rationalizability |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2020_004&r=all |
| By: | Gaspersz, Steve Gerardo (Universitas Kristen Indonesia Maluku) |
| Abstract: | Buku ini adalah laporan penelitian lapangan mengenai cara bertahan hidup masyarakat Murnaten, Uweth, Buria, Riring dan Rumahsoal dalam bidang ekonomi pada dasarnya ditentukan oleh faktor kondisi alam dan pandangan dunia tentang tanah dan laut. |
| Date: | 2019–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ju53b&r=all |
| By: | Chen, Yi-Chun (National University of Singapore); Kunimoto, Takashi (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Sun, Yifei (University of International Business and Economics); Xiong, Siyang (University of California, Riverside) |
| Abstract: | We prove that the Maskin monotonicity condition (by Bergemann, Morris, and Tercieux (2011)) fully characterizes exact rationalizable implementation in an environ-ment with lotteries and transfers. Different from previous papers, our approach possesses many appealing features simultaneously, e.g., infinite mechanisms with no integer game or modulo game are used; no transfer is imposed on any rationalizable profile;the message space is small; the implementation is robust to information perturbationsand continuous in the sense of Oury and Tercieux (2012). |
| Keywords: | Complete information; continuous implementation; implementation; infor-mation perturbations; Maskin monotonicity; rationalizability; social choice function |
| JEL: | C72 D78 D82 |
| Date: | 2020–02–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2020_005&r=all |
| By: | Charles H. Anderton (Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Accounting, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA); Jurgen Brauer (Emeritus Professor of Economics, Hull College of Business, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA, and Visiting Professor of Economics, EBA Program, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand) |
| Keywords: | JEL Classification: B55, D74, D85, D91 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:284&r=all |
| By: | Charles H. Anderton (Professor of Economics and Distinguished Professor of Ethics and Society, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA); Jurgen Brauer (Emeritus Professor of Economics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA and Visiting Professor of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand) |
| Abstract: | Counting conservatively, and ignoring physical injuries and mental trauma, data show about 100 million mass atrocity-related deaths since 1900. Occurring in war- and in peacetime, and of enormous scale, severity, and brutality, they are geographically widespread, occur with surprising frequency, and can be long-lasting in their adverse effects on economic and human development, wellbeing, and wealth. As such, they are a major economic concern. This article synthesizes very diverse and widely dispersed theoretical and empirical literatures, addressing two gaps: a “mass atrocities gap†in the economics literature and an “economics gap†in mass atrocities scholarship. Our goals are, first, for noneconomists to learn how economic inquiry contributes to understanding the causes and conduct of mass atrocities and possibly to their mitigation and prevention and, second, to survey and synthesize for economists a broad sweep of literatures to serve as a common platform on which to base further work in this field. |
| Keywords: | JEL Classification: B55, D71–D74, D91, F55, H56, J15, K38, P16 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:290&r=all |