|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Buehler, Dorothee; Cunningham, Wendy |
| Abstract: | Against the background of rising weather risks this paper seeks to understand how risks impact the income generating capacity of rural households in Southeast Asia. In this study, we use assets to predict households' income generating capacity and examine the role of different shock categories on asset accumulation. In addition, we detect region, country and income group specific patterns. We use panel data from Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam covering 5,200 rural households. Households' income generating capacity is estimated in a fixed-effects regression based on assets owned or accessed by the household. The findings suggest that shocks decrease the asset accumulation rate of rural households by 1.4 percentage points across all four countries. While health shocks decrease households' asset accumulation rate by 1.2 to 1.4 percentage points, the effect of drought and flood shocks is twice as high. At the country level, the effect of flood shocks on asset growth are strongest in Vietnam while drought shocks disproportionately affect Laotian households. Households are largely able to anticipate the occurrence of health shocks, while droughts and floods are less predictable and thus, have a more detrimental effect on asset growth. The effects of shocks differ across income quartiles. While households in the richest quartile are able cope with weather shocks, health shocks affect their asset accumulation disproportionately. Poor households are strongest affected by drought shocks. |
| Keywords: | Shocks, Asset-based approach, Economic development, Poverty, Regional analysis, Southeast Asia |
| JEL: | I32 O18 Q1 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tvs:wpaper:wp-010&r=sea |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); An Ha Truong (CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi); Hong Nam Nguyen (CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi); Hoang Anh Nguyen Trinh (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi) |
| Abstract: | This report shows the impacts of coal mining and coal-based electricity generation on the Vietnamese society and environment. Five impacts categories were examined: water, air and soil pollution, local people's livelihood and health. We studied impacts now and extrapolated according to Vietnam's current Power Development Plan –namely PDP VII revised– which prescribes to expand the coal-fired power capacity from about 10 GW today in 2015 to 55 GW by 2030. Results show that coal mining and coal-based electricity generation have high, unsustainable, local impacts. Our studies found that levels of dust in the air systematically exceeded the legal safe standards. So did the level of heavy metals and other toxic pollutants in the water we studied. We observed resettlement issues which were not solved appropriately, and local job creation promises which were not followed up in action. We assess that by 2030, Vietnam's coal power plants would create 30 million tonnes of coal ash to be disposed. We estimate that the PDP VII entails importing at least 50 million tonnes of coal per year in 2030. This would compromise energy independence, creating national security risks. We argue further that a fivefold expansion of coal power generation capacity is incompatible with the humanity's goal of stabilizing climate change below 2°C of global warming. In conclusion, we propose engineering and public policy recommendations towards the green growth strategy of Vietnam, which would better integrate the country in the world's energy transition towards a low carbon society. |
| Keywords: | vietnam, impact, charbon |
| Date: | 2016–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01441680&r=sea |
| By: | Clarete, Ramon |
| Abstract: | Among several factors that may explain why electricity in the Philippines is expensive compared to other ASEAN member states, this paper zeroes in on two: the value added tax (VAT) and red tape in obtaining generation business permits. Legislators have raised the timeliness of lifting just the VAT on electricity to reduce electricity prices. This study however observes that red tape may contribute three times more than the VAT to making electricity costly in the country. The study uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Philippine economy to explore the relative contributions of the two to electricity price, and simulate their economic effects. Besides reducing electricity prices, streamlining and shortening the business permitting process for new generation companies in the country will make the economy more efficient and raise the revenue from VAT. |
| Keywords: | Electric Energy, Electricity, Policy Analysis |
| JEL: | D04 D58 H25 Q48 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87727&r=sea |
| By: | Kiki Verico (Lecturer in Southeast Asian Economic Study at the Faculty of Economics and Business University of Indonesia (FEB UI) and Associate Director for Research of the LPEM FEB UI); Yeremia Natanael (Research Assistant of the LPEM FEB UI) |
| Abstract: | I empirically investigated the influence of residential location and housing unit characteristics on the labor force participation of childbearing women by applying quasi-experimental methods and taking a developing country’s perspective – where the family size tends to grow faster. While the choices of residential location and housing unit characteristics are rarely exogenous, it is important to deal with the endogeneity problem. I use instrumental variable models, with twin births and gender composition as the exogenous sources of variation in the family size, and exploit an enormous micro dataset from the Indonesian Census Population 2010. Previous works of literature have examined the effect of twin birth on the female labor supply, but less attention given to the housing decision. This study provides new evidence of a forward-looking behavior about the residential location and housing consumption due to household size effects and shows that such behavior will most likely influence the female labor supply |
| Keywords: | Trade Policy — Empirical Studies of Trade — Economic Integration — International Investment — Bilateral Trade Agreement — ASEAN — Indonesia |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F15 F21 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:201823&r=sea |
| By: | Hoai-Son Nguyen (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi, ABIES Doctoral School); Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi) |
| Abstract: | Household electricity consumption potentially offers economies of scale, since lighting, cooling or cooking can be shared among household members. This idea needs to be tested empirically. Under an increasing block tariff schedule the marginal and average price of electricity increases with total consumption. Does this effect offset economies of scale in the larger families? This paper uses data from Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) in 2010, 2012 and 2014 to investigate whether there are economies of scale for Vietnam household electricity consumption in that period. The data will be tested formally by an OLS model and checked robustness by visualization of local linear regressions. Estimated results and robustness check confirm that in general, economies of scale do exist for household electricity consumption in Vietnam from 2010-2014. |
| Keywords: | household economies of scale,electricity use,increasing block tariffs |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01714899&r=sea |
| By: | Jose Ramon G. Albert; Jana Flor V. Vizmanos |
| Abstract: | The reduction of poverty is at the heart of the development agenda both nationally and globally. This is reflected in the Philippine Development Plan, as well as in the worldwide commitment toward the Sustainable Development Goals. While the measurement of poverty is ex post and thus, public interventions are directed at helping those who have been identified as poor, the government must broaden the scope of assessments and take account of the dynamics in poverty in public policy. A critical dimension to poverty dynamics is vulnerability which conceptually pertains to the risk of future poverty. This study continued previous work that involves estimating the vulnerability level of households to income poverty using a modified probit model incorporating income and other poverty data sourced from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey, as well as the country’s official poverty lines. The vulnerability assessment in this study provides inputs to forward-looking interventions that build the resilience of households to future poverty. The study makes a case for the need to make use of both poverty and vulnerability estimates in programs and come up with differentiated actions for those highly vulnerable and relatively vulnerable. |
| Keywords: | vulnerability, , resilience, poverty, risk, highly vulnerable, relatively vulnerable |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2018-10&r=sea |
| By: | Yefni (Accounting, Politeknik Caltex Riau, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Atika Zarefar Author-2-Workplace-Name: Politeknik Caltex Riau, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Arumega Zarefar Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universitas Riau, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – This research aims to identify the effect of good corporate governance ('GCG') factors such as the size of the board, the presence of independent commissioners and audit committees, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership on corporate value (price to book value). This study also uses profitability measured by Return on Assets ('ROA') as moderating variables. Methodology/Technique – The object of this study is plantation companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2011 to 2015. The samples are selected by using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis in this study is tested by using multiple linear regression. Findings – There are three variables that significantly influence corporate value. These are independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. Moreover, profitability does not moderate the relationship between GCG and company value. Novelty – The research is intended to find a relationship between good corporate governance and firm performance among plantation companies." |
| Keywords: | "Audit Committee; Corporate Values; Good Corporate Governance; Independent Commissioner; Institutional Ownership; Managerial Ownership; Price to Book Value; Return on Assets." |
| JEL: | G31 L25 M41 |
| Date: | 2017–04–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr471&r=sea |
| By: | Hardev Kaur Latchimanan Singh (Faculty of Administrative Science & Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Shamsinar Rahman Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Administrative Science & Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – The role of local government in LA21 is important in order to harness local level participation. In Malaysia, as in many other countries, the need to engage the public in sustainable development issues has shifted the focus to more decentralized and bottom up approaches in harnessing public participation in achieving sustainable development. This means that local authorities as the leading partners in LA21 need to work with the local community and the private sector to develop community action plans for sustainability under Local Agenda 21(LA21). Thus, the overall goal of the study is to determine how participation can best be implemented in LA21 programmes in selective councils by evaluating the key participatory mechanisms that have been employed by the councils. Methodology/Technique – This is a qualitative study that was conducted on four specific councils in West and East Malaysia to determine the effectiveness of the participatory mechanisms used in LA21 programs. The main methods of data collection were through the use of semi-structured interviews, focus groups and document analysis. Findings – The overall conclusion is that the councils were still using the conventional methods to encourage public participation and hence were not able to enhance public participation in the LA21 program. Novelty – The study will not only create a framework for local councils intending to implement a bottom-up approach to participation but also establish a base-line description of participatory mechanisms in LA21 programmes to encourage further research in this area of evolving LA21 research." |
| Keywords: | "Public Participation; Participatory Mechanisms; Local Government; Local Agenda 21; Sustainable Development." |
| JEL: | H83 Q01 |
| Date: | 2017–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr482&r=sea |
| By: | Nur Hasanah (Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Indras Susetiani Diniari Author-2-Workplace-Name: Brawijaya University, Indonesia. Author-3-Name: Afia Fitriani Author-3-Workplace-Name: Brawijaya University, Indonesia. Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – This study examines the discrepancies that exist among the influence of age and education on purchase intention of halal labelled food, by using conscientiousness as a covariate. Methodology/Technique – Total number of respondents used in this research were 352 Indonesian mothers. Data has been collected through questionnaires measuring the purchase intention of halal labelled food and analysis has been performed through analysis of covariance. Findings – The results have indicated that when conscientiousness trait is controlled, the interaction of age and education exhibit influence on purchase intention of halal labelled food with (F=6.079; p=.03), and effect size of 3.4% (.034). The influence of education, with controlled conscientiousness trait, over purchase intention of halal labelled food is significant (F=3.407; p=.034), effect size 1.9% (.019). On the other hand, age, with controlled conscientiousness trait, does not have significant influence over purchase intention of halal labelled food (F=3.407; p=.34). Novelty – This paper has revealed demographic variables; education and age; that influence purchase intention by controlling psychological factor." |
| Keywords: | Age; Analysis of Covariance; Conscientiousness; Education; Purchase Intention of Halal Labelled Food. |
| JEL: | I21 L66 M31 |
| Date: | 2017–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr490&r=sea |
| By: | Bano, Sayeeda; Tabbada, Jose |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nzar17:269520&r=sea |
| By: | Maredia,Mywish K.; Suvedi,Murari; Pitoro,Raul; Ghimire,Raju |
| Abstract: | The Cambodia Helping Address Rural Vulnerabilities and E cosystem Stability (Cambodia HARVEST) was a five -year (December 2010 -June 2016) USAID Feed the Future (FTF) initiative implemented in selected districts across four provinces of Cambodia – Battambang, Pursat, Siem Reap, and Kampong Thom. HARVEST program interventions focused on increasing incomes to influence nutrition outcomes. This was achieved through an approach that integrated activities from a range of sectors —agriculture, fisheries, forestry, nutrition and more —to help families in rural areas grow, p urchase, and prepare more nutritious foods. Cambodia HARVEST was rolled out in phases over the 5 1/2-year period, which ended in June 2016. Over that time, the project’s strategy evolved as activities were scaled up, but the overall approach remained guided by the principles of linking agriculture and nutrition to achieve some of the overarching development goals of reducing poverty and malnutrition. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–08–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midiwp:262393&r=sea |
| By: | Connie Bayudan-Dacuycuy; Lora Kryz C. Baje |
| Abstract: | Innovation is the synergistic use of resources, technology, capital, and information to achieve growth at different levels of the economy. Many studies abroad have already supported the hypothesis that innovation leads to a good firm performance and long-term economic growth. In the Philippines, some studies already analyzed the effects of simple innovations on firm performance. However, emerging literature shows that complex innovation strategies have bigger impacts than simple ones. This paper analyzes the effects of simple and complex innovations on labor productivity and employment growth. Results show that there is no single best innovation strategy that a firm must undertake. However, if firms are constrained by their budget, a simple innovation will help in improving labor productivity and, to some extent, employment growth. Firms that do not face cost issues can benefit more from adopting a complex innovation strategy. In addition, several specific types of complex innovation strategies can be adapted depending on whether the firm aims to increase its employment or to boost its labor productivity. |
| Keywords: | labor productivity, Philippines, innovation, employment growth, simple innovation, complex innovation |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2018-09&r=sea |
| By: | Yusuf Sofiyandi1 (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | I empirically investigated the influence of residential location and housing unit characteristics on the labor force participation of childbearing women by applying quasi-experimental methods and taking a developing country’s perspective – where the family size tends to grow faster. While the choices of residential location and housing unit characteristics are rarely exogenous, it is important to deal with the endogeneity problem. I use instrumental variable models, with twin births and gender composition as the exogenous sources of variation in the family size, and exploit an enormous micro dataset from the Indonesian Census Population 2010. Previous works of literature have examined the effect of twin birth on the female labor supply, but less attention given to the housing decision. This study provides new evidence of a forward-looking behavior about the residential location and housing consumption due to household size effects and shows that such behavior will most likely influence the female labor supply |
| Keywords: | residential location — housing — labor force — childbearing women — twin births |
| JEL: | J01 J21 J22 R21 O18 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:201822&r=sea |
| By: | Darmawan, Mr |
| Abstract: | This study examined the signalling theory about how the market/investors respond to dividend announcements made by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2008-2012. This period was chosen because the economy and economic growth of Indonesia is relatively stable. In general, the objective of this research is to develop new theoretical approaches, in an effort to resolve the conceptual controversies regarding the impact of dividend policy on firm value. That in detail, in particular, objective: To analyze and empirically test the market reaction to the announcement dividend omissions, as well as Analyze and test empirically the firm-specific characteristics variables that affect the market reaction. The samples are all companies that announced dividend policy for 5 years as many as 242 companies with 729 event announcements. The results showed that in events dividend announcement found a significant reaction from the market. At the announcement of dividend omissions, there are 5 significant observations with 2 observations fit in theory. The study also shows none of the significant characteristics of the company is able to explain the market reaction to dividend announcements. |
| Keywords: | Characteristics of the Company; Dividend Omissions; Market Reactions |
| JEL: | G2 |
| Date: | 2018–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88090&r=sea |
| By: | Aloysius Wisnubroto (CSHD, University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Johanes Widijantoro Author-2-Workplace-Name: CSHD, University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – This research was aimed at firstly, uncovering how people in Mount Merapi meet their daily needs without government aids and secondly, finding the solutions to narrow the gap between regulations and the implementation of the people's ECOSOC rights. Methodology/Technique – The research conducted in 2012 showed that based on local wisdom values, hundreds of households rejected the government's policy related to the relocation. The policy was issued by the government for disaster risk reduction. Their villages were categorized as disaster-prone areas and banned to be inhabited. Because of their refusal, as a consequence, they did not receive any government aids. Findings – On one hand, the government is constitutionally required to protect and fulfil its citizens' ECOSOC rights; but, on the other hand, the government may not provide aid due to the existence of regulation prohibiting people living in disaster-prone areas. As a result, people rely on social capital and local wisdom to fulfil their daily needs, and to narrow the gap, the government should implement the concept of living in harmony with disaster. Based on the discussion in the previous sections, it can be concluded as follows: First, regulation and its implementation, which were based on positivism doctrine, had led the government to not fulfilling the ECOSOC rights of the people who rejected to be relocated. Novelty – The research suggests strategies for improving ECOSOC rights" |
| Keywords: | Disaster; Government Policy; ECOSOC Rights; Mount Merapi. |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2017–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr492&r=sea |
| By: | Kusumah, Echo Perdana; Christianingrum, Mrs |
| Abstract: | This study aims to determine the effect of farmers' perceptions of quality and attitudes toward purchasing decisions. Population in this study is white pepper farmers in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. The method of determining the samples is performed by the quota method, based on sampling criteria performed then the number of samples selected as many as 97 farmers. The results show that the perception of quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions; the farmer's attitude has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions and simultaneously has a significant effect. The decision to purchase organic fertilizer by respondents is not qualified concerning productivity. |
| Keywords: | Farmers; quality perceptions; attitudes perceptions; purchasing decisions |
| JEL: | Q16 |
| Date: | 2018–03–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88354&r=sea |
| By: | Yosefa Sayekti (University of Jember, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – This study examines the effect of companies' slack resources on strategic Corporate Social Responsibility ('CSR') and also non-strategic CSR. By analysing the slack resources as a determinant of CSR, it might indicate the companies' priority regarding their strategic CSR as part of companies' strategy. Methodology/Technique – Instead of using profitability as a measure of slack resources, this study employs slack resources as a variable itself as it was developed by Burgeois (1981), based on financial data in the companies' financial statements. Findings – The empirical result of this study indicates that un-absorbed slack resources positively affect the strategic CSR and also non-strategic CSR of a company, while absorbed slack resources do not significantly affect either. Novelty – Unlike previous studies, this study does not use profitability as a proxy of slack resources, but uses slack resources as a variable itself." |
| Keywords: | "Slack Resources; Corporate Social Responsibility; Strategic CSR; Nonstrategic CSR; Slack Resources; Absorbed Slack Resources; Unabsorbed Slack Resources." |
| JEL: | M14 M41 |
| Date: | 2017–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr472&r=sea |
| By: | Ly, Bora |
| Abstract: | UNWTO predicts that by 2030, the number of international arrivals will only increase by 3% each year. That is, from the current 1.1 billion international visitors to 1.8 billion by 2030. This is IATA's forecast that air traffic will increase by 4% annually over the next two decades. WTTC stated that tourism and tourism (T&T) are part of the world’s largest economy, accounting for 9% of global GDP, 30% of exports, and 1 of 11 global jobs. If there is cross-examination, changes in volatility and uncertainty will occur. Policymakers' charges must be based on a strong future strategy to make room for tomorrow's story. Tourism is very important. It is regarded as the fastest growing industry and contributes to the economic growth. This article examines Cambodian tourism and tourism talent management. It also shows the benefits of managing on-site talent and details the talent management processes used in tourism and tourism. Focusing on how the tourism industry faces the challenge of obtaining talent and supporting professional development is a complex and necessary issue that has a major impact on the future of the industry. With the development and evolution of T&T, it will require new skills in new locations. Companies need to develop appropriate plans to understand the skills requirements of domestic employees. This may be related to working with academic systems to solve skills and gaps in training, an attractive career path, and investments in the development of existing workforces. |
| Keywords: | Tourism, Talent, workforces, development, Traveling, Cambodia |
| JEL: | A2 H0 M1 M2 |
| Date: | 2018–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88026&r=sea |
| By: | Alfaro, Laura; Cunat, Alejandro; Liu, Yanping; Fadinger, Harald |
| Abstract: | We evaluate manufacturing firms' responses to changes in the real exchange rate (RER) using detailed firm-level data for a large set of countries for the period 2001-2010. We uncover the following stylized facts: In export-oriented emerging Asia, real depreciations are associated with faster growth of firm-level TFP, higher sales and cash-flow, and higher probabilities to engage in R&D and to export. We find negative effects for firms in other emerging economies, which are relatively more import dependent, and no significant effects for firms in industrialized economies. Motivated by these facts, we build a dynamic model in which real depreciations raise the cost of importing intermediates, affect demand, borrowing-constraints and the profitability of engaging in innovation (R&D). We decompose the effects of RER changes on productivity growth across regions into these channels. We estimate the model and quantitatively evaluate the different mechanisms by providing counterfactual simulations of temporary RER movements and conduct several robustness analyses. Effects on physical TFP growth, while different across regions, are non-linear and asymmetric. |
| Keywords: | real exchange rate , innovation , productivity , exporting , importing , financial constraints , firm-level data |
| JEL: | F O |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnh:wpaper:45052&r=sea |
| By: | Lie, Denny |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of observed offcial inflation-target adjustments in aggregate macroeconomic fluctuations in Indonesia, using an estimated Dynamic Sto- chastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The paper finds that these adjustments or shocks play a non-trivial role in the fluctuations of inflation and nominal interest rate in Indonesia. Output fluctuations, however, are virtually unaffected. A counter- factual exercise shows that a gradual reduction in Bank Indonesia's inflation target may have not been optimal. The paper also provides additional insights on the con- tribution of various shocks in driving aggregate fluctuations in Indonesia. Technology and monetary-policy shocks are found to be the main driving factor for both output and inflation fluctuations. Movements in the nominal interest rate are mostly driven by preference and risk-premium shocks, with inflation-target shocks playing a larger role in the longer run. The inclusion of inflation-target shocks in the model is also shown to improve the model's fit and out-of-sample predictive performance.. |
| Keywords: | Inflation target, inflation-target adjustments or shocks, DSGE model for Indonesia, source of aggregate fluctuations, Bank Indonesia |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:syd:wpaper:2018-01&r=sea |
| By: | Mariaflavia Harari (The Wharton School, University of Pennsy); Maisy Wong (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | The United Nations estimates that a quarter of the world’s urban population lives in slums. This paper sheds light on how a developing country city grows out of informality, through the lens of one of the largest slum upgrading programs in the world. The 1969-1984 Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) provided basic public goods in slums, covering 5 million people and 25% of the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. We assemble a granular database with program boundaries, historical maps, current land values, building heights, measures of land fragmentation, and a novel quality index of informal settlements based on Google Street View and field photos. Our research design compares KIP areas with historical slums that were never treated. Our findings are similar using a boundary discontinuity design. KIP areas today have 12% lower land values and buildings with 1.6 fewer floors on average, implying aggregate impacts of US$11 billion. Greater land fragmentation in KIP areas points towards the importance of land assembly costs as a barrier to formalization. These long-term costs need to be weighed against the benefits of the program. Overall, our findings suggest slum upgrading may be more cost effective for cities in early stages of urban development. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed018:367&r=sea |
| By: | Ly, Bora |
| Abstract: | UNWTO predicts that by 2030, the number of international arrivals will only increase by 3% each year. That is, from the current 1.1 billion international visitors to 1.8 billion by 2030. This is IATA's forecast that air traffic will increase by 4% annually over the next two decades. WTTC stated that tourism and tourism (T&T) are part of the world’s largest economy, accounting for 9% of global GDP, 30% of exports, and 1 of 11 global jobs. If there is cross-examination, changes in volatility and uncertainty will occur. Policymakers' charges must be based on a strong future strategy to make room for tomorrow's story. Tourism is very important. It is regarded as the fastest growing industry and contributes to the economic growth. This article examines Cambodian tourism and tourism talent management. It also shows the benefits of managing on-site talent and details the talent management processes used in tourism and tourism. Focusing on how the tourism industry faces the challenge of obtaining talent and supporting professional development is a complex and necessary issue that has a major impact on the future of the industry. With the development and evolution of T&T, it will require new skills in new locations. Companies need to develop appropriate plans to understand the skills requirements of domestic employees. This may be related to working with academic systems to solve skills and gaps in training, an attractive career path, and investments in the development of existing workforces. |
| Keywords: | Developing Tourism, Talent, Cambodia |
| JEL: | A13 O1 |
| Date: | 2018–07–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87957&r=sea |
| By: | Kusumah, Echo Perdana |
| Abstract: | The results of presented study showed that farmers in addition to being producers also become a trading agency where they sell commodities directly to the nearest factory. Based on the tracing of cassava commodity trading channel pattern, two cassava channel modelling pattern in Bangka Regency of Indonesia was established: first channel, consisting of farmers, wholesaler and factories; second channel, consisting of farmers and factories. The size of the price received by farmers and the value of the cost-benefit ratio differs in each trading channel pattern. |
| Keywords: | Cassava, trading channel, market behavior, market structure, trade margin |
| JEL: | Q13 |
| Date: | 2018–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88245&r=sea |
| By: | Ngoc Thi Minh Tran (University of Waikato); Michael P. Cameron (University of Waikato); Jacques Poot (University of Waikato) |
| Abstract: | We conduct the first contingent valuation investigation of the preference of international migrants for better home country institutional quality. Our study uses contingent valuation questions in a survey of Vietnamese migrants living in New Zealand (NZ) in 2016 to establish the compensating differentials that make those migrants indifferent between residing in New Zealand and returning to Viet Nam (VN) in hypothetical scenarios. We find that the estimated willingness to pay for an incremental unit improvement in institutional quality in Viet Nam is, on average, NZD 79.80 per week (approximately 33 percent of the average weekly wage in Viet Nam for the same period), and positively associated with the respondents’ age and the perceived importance of institutional quality in Viet Nam to their repatriation intentions. This study underscores the importance of institutional quality to migration decisions by showing that migrants are willing to trade-off part of their regular income for better home country institutional quality. |
| Keywords: | return migration; institutional quality; contingent valuation method; willingness to pay;Viet Nam |
| JEL: | F22 O15 H40 |
| Date: | 2018–08–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wai:econwp:18/10&r=sea |
| By: | Ly, Bora |
| Abstract: | The geopolitical, political, economic and cultural aspects of Cambodia and relations between Cambodia and China have made bilateral relations between Cambodia and China the basis of Beijing's foreign policy. This article shows and demonstrates the past and present political and economic relations between the two countries that have entered into diplomatic relations after Cambodia recognized the legitimacy of the PRC in 1958. While developing good relations with China, King Norodom Sihanouk helped soften the depression of China in 1960s, he battled at UN for surrendering of Republic of China (Taiwan). Investment in Cambodia accounted for three times from 1997 to 1998 and expanded by 40% in 1999, making China the big investment by foreigners in Cambodia. China has turned into Cambodia's biggest benefactor for the 2009 spending plan with $ 257 million (US $ 214 million). On the economic front, the volume of exchange amongst Cambodia and China achieved 732 million dollars in 2006. China's unique role in political, economic and military assistance can once again become a dictatorship. Thus, Cambodia does not depend solely on Beijing administration. Cambodia should thrive further the progress of democracy and accountability to attract foreign direct investment from other countries, notably United States, European Union and other Asian countries. |
| Keywords: | China,political, diplomacy, military, economic relations, Cambodia |
| JEL: | F5 Y8 |
| Date: | 2018–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88060&r=sea |
| By: | Friska Firnanti (Lecturer Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Melya Senjaya Author-2-Workplace-Name: Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the factors that affect audit quality for auditors working in Public Accounting Firms in DKI Jakarta. Methodology/Technique – The independent variables used in this research are: independence, work experience, competency, accountability, audit tenure, and audit fee. The object of this research consists of 25 Public Accounting Firms located in DKI Jakarta. There are 164 respondents used as samples in this study. The sample was selected based on a convenience sampling method with criteria including auditors working at public accounting firms located in DKI Jakarta, with a minimum of one year work duration. This research used statistical tests of multiple regression. Findings – The result shows that independence, accountability, and audit tenure have an effect on audit quality. Meanwhile, work experience, competency, and audit fees have no influence on audit quality. Novelty – The study suggests that to improve audit quality, Public Accounting Firms should pay attention to the independence and accountability of its auditors." |
| Keywords: | Audit Quality; Independence; Work Experience; Competency; Accountability; Audit Tenure; Audit Fee. |
| JEL: | M41 M42 |
| Date: | 2017–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr484&r=sea |
| By: | Chaikal Nuryakin (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Prani Sastiono (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Faradina Alifia Maizar (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Pyan Amin (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Nanda Puspita (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Wahyu Pramono (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia); Christine Tjen (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | The inclusion level of DFS and Laku Pandai (inclusion of access or use of services) have reached 28% and 43%. Nevertheless, when we define the inclusion by account ownership (inclusion of banking account), the inclusion rates drop to 5% and 25%. The lack of awareness of DFS and Laku Pandai is still considered as the major obstacle to broaden the access of financial services through agents. Laku Pandai appears more reliable in improving financial service access for the poor and people in remote areas as it may provide a more efficient access (in term of cost, distance, and time of transport) and perceived by users to provide better service quality than other formal financial services they have experienced thus far. On the other hand, DFS services seems to be more attractive toward more educated and higher income segment of society. Nevertheless, the cost of access of DFS is not much different from the cost of access of banks and other formal financial services while the quality is perceived to be less by its users. Furthermore, the efficiency of both DFS and Laku Pandai could be much improved since there is a significant overcharging in their service fees. On the account ownership, there is an indication that DFS is not a preferable financial access for people who are excluded from formal financial services while it is for Laku Pandai. The regression results also show that users of both DFS and Laku Pandai need time to open or to register an account, possibly due to time needed to build in trust in the agents. Another factor that is important in determining whether user is to open an account is the (perceived) cost. Therefore, the aforementioned service fee overcharging should be taken seriously to improve rate of opening or registering account. |
| Keywords: | LKD — Laku Pandai — Digital Inclusion |
| JEL: | G28 G21 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:201821&r=sea |
| By: | Wail Ismail (Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Muhammad Azhar Zailaini Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Mariani Md Nor Author-3-Workplace-Name: University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Zaharah Hussin Author-4-Workplace-Name: University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Chu Weilong Author-5-Workplace-Name: University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – Self-concept, which is usually defined as the orientation of the learner to the goal of learning the second language, has a major role in language education and is considered an essential component of L2 acquisition. This paper examines academic and psychological self-concepts and their correlation with Chinese non-Arabic-speaking students in selected Islamic institutes in China. Methodology/Technique – Quantitative data were collected by randomly distributing 250 questionnaires to target students. These questionnaires were designed to measure the extent of psychological and academic self-concepts of the participants. Findings – The study found that Chinese students have an average degree of self-concept. Academic self-concept is significantly positively correlated with psychological self-concept at a = 0.05. Novelty – The study contributes to literature of academic and psychological self-concept using original data." |
| Keywords: | Psychological; Academic; Self-Concept; Non-Arabic Speakers |
| JEL: | I21 I23 |
| Date: | 2017–06–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr476&r=sea |
| By: | Ulifa Rahma (Brawijaya University, Indonesia. Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – The acceleration class is a special education which is formed to facilitate gifted children to accelerate their study. Junior high school students who attend acceleration program need self-directed learning skills. The research is to know the effectiveness of self-regulated learning training to enhance the self-directed learning skill of acceleration junior high school students. Methodology/Technique – The approach of the research is quantitative research with pre-experimental type one-group pretest-post-test design. The subject of the research is the 16 students of 9th grade at acceleration MTsN 1 Malang. The instruments to gather data is scale and interview. To get data on knowledge and skill of training self-regulated learning, it is used test of knowledge, observation, interview, and worksheet. Findings – The result of showed that the student's self-directed learning skill is enhanced after self-regulated learning training. The knowledge and skill of self-regulated learning students also improved. The training has significant impact on the knowledge and skill on self-regulated learning that is a factor in improving self-directed learning skill of the students. As a conclusion, this research showed that self-regulated learning training proved effective in increasing self directed learning skill of acceleration students at MTsN 1 Malang. Novelty – Self regulated learning is one of the effective method to enhance self-directed learning students" |
| Keywords: | Self-Directed Learning Skill; Self-Regulated Learning Training |
| JEL: | I21 I25 |
| Date: | 2017–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr486&r=sea |
| By: | Yann Mey Yee (Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia Author-2-Name: Cheng Ling Tan Author-2-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia Author-3-Name: T. Ramayah Author-3-Workplace-Name: School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – The Research and Development (R&D) projects of medical devices are unique, partly due to the lengthy regulatory process to obtain new product approval depending on the device's risk category and clinical trials required. Despite the establishment of multiple control mechanisms in the medical devices industry, defective medical devices are often known to exist. The main objective of this paper is to propose a framework linking organisational factors (top management support, incentive system, infrastructure, training, and collaboration) as predictors of medical devices in regards to R&D project performance. Efficient R&D project management can reduce project lead time by shortening the critical path of the entire product development, thus increasing the R&D project success rate. Besides identifying critical organisational factors, organisational culture is recognised as a potential moderator between organisational factors and R&D project performance. Methodology/Technique – The literature reviewed shows the innovation-friendly culture (clan culture and adhocracy culture), which prospectively influences the degree of an organisation's creativity. Findings – Four distinct R&D project success criteria (cost performance, schedule performance, quality performance and stakeholder satisfaction) are identified as the key performance measurements in the medical devices industry. A literature review to support the proposed model within the context of the medical devices industry is given in this paper. Novelty – The study contributes to measure performance of medical devices industry." |
| Keywords: | Medical Device; Organisational Culture; Organisational Factor; Project Performance; R&D. |
| JEL: | I15 I23 |
| Date: | 2017–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr478&r=sea |
| By: | Ping Wang (Washington University in St. Louis); Chong Yip (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Russell Wong (Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond) |
| Abstract: | Income disparity across countries has been large and widening over time. This paper develops a tractable model where factor requirements in production technology do not necessarily match a country's profile of factor endowments. Assimilation balances this multi-dimensional endowment-technology mismatch and reduces the efficiency loss. New measures to the TFP and relative factor disadvantage are derived. The model can generate a novel trade-off between income level and income growth, depending on the assimilation ability and the relative factor endowment differences of the country. With the endowment-technology mismatch, our assimilation model accounts for 80%-98% of the global income variation over the past 50 years. The widening of mismatch accounts for 40%-60% of the global growth variation, whereas capital and human capital account for about one third and zero. Approximately 30% of the growth performance in miracle Asian economies can be attributed to successful assimilation which narrows the mismatch, whereas almost 70% of growth stagnation in trapped African economies is due to the lack of assimilation which widens it. A country can fall into a middle-income trap after a reversal in the mismatch. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed018:347&r=sea |
| By: | Alonzo, Ruperto |
| Abstract: | The Biofuels Act of 2006 (RA 9367) was legislated to reduce the Philippines’ dependence on imported fuels and to protect public health and the environment. Under the Act, the Department of Energy (DOE) is authorized to increase the proportion of biodiesel blend upon the recommendation of the National Biofuels Board (NBB) and upon consideration of the domestic supply and availability of the locally produced biodiesel component. Beginning at 1% blend, the mandate was raised to 2% in February 2009. In June 2013, the NBB recommended an increase in the biodiesel blend to 5%. Results of the numerical analysis indicate that the proposed policy will lead to a rise in the price of biodiesel, inducing users to reduce consumption. The total loss to consumers due to the price increase is estimated at P3,767.47 million for 2016. This negative economic impact far outweighs the positive environmental effects in terms of reduced greenhouse gas emissions and health benefits due to reduced morbidity and mortality, with the net loss amounting to P3.26 billion for 2016 alone. These projections, along with the observed upward trend in relative world prices for coconut oil and crude oil prices plus the bleak scenario for domestic coconut production scenario, augur well for a postponement of raising the blend, at least in the short run. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, biodiesel, biodiesel blend |
| JEL: | H5 Q4 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87717&r=sea |
| By: | Nur Zafifa Kamarun (Center for Research on Women and Gender, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Author-2-Name: Nor Hafizah Hj. Selamat Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – This study aims to explore the differences in mental health stigma experiences between male and female patients while undertaking the mental health care. Methodology/Technique – The study employs phenomenology and gender lens on 29 patients with depression, who were consulting the outpatient psychiatric clinics in Kedah and Pulau Pinang states. An in-depth interview conducted and the data was then transcribed and analyzed using Atlas.ti software, version 7.5. The study presented informed consents to each participant, and had obtained the university ethical clearance. Using thematic analysis, the significance of labelling emerged in two sub-themes, there were "Even I have a negative gaze", and "They don't know what psychiatric is!". Findings – The results revealed that being gazed upon disgracefully by others is one of the discriminating factors that hampers their help-seeking effort. Nevertheless, the misconception about mental illness by the society and fear of the unknown potentially discourages them to enrol into psychiatric treatments and causing stigma on mental health. The result, however, uncovered the differences in experiences of mental health stigma in male and female patients lie on the distinctive territory of both sexes, where men usually feel stigmatized in public spheres, while women in both public and private domains. The result was clearly illustrated when intersected with socio-demographic profiles. Female participants who have domestic responsibilities and are financially dependent on their spouses were found to be more vulnerable than male participants Novelty – The study analyses original data." |
| Keywords: | Depression; Stigma; Psychiatric Patients; Modified Labelling Theory |
| JEL: | I12 I19 |
| Date: | 2017–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr475&r=sea |
| By: | Loren Brandt; Hongbin Li; Laura Turner; Jiaqi Zou |
| Abstract: | A recent trend in Korea and Japan sees college-graduate women marrying later and at lower rates than less-educated women. In China, "leftover women" have also become a top policy concern. This paper finds however that China's higher-educated urban women attain marital outcomes more like those in the US than in the other Asian Tiger countries, marrying later, but ultimately at comparable rates to less-educated women. For 1990-2009, we quantify marriage quality using the classic Choo-Siow (2006) estimator and find large returns to marrying later but minimal direct higher education effects. Using the Choo (2015) dynamic estimator, we project future marriage rates to remain stable among the higher educated and to decline for lower-educated women. |
| Keywords: | China, marriage markets, fertility, leftover women, education, assortative mating |
| JEL: | D13 J11 J12 J13 N35 |
| Date: | 2018–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tor:tecipa:tecipa-613&r=sea |
| By: | Loren Brandt (Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Canada); Hongbin Li (Stanford Center on Global Poverty & Development and Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, USA); Laura Turner (Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Canada; Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis); Jiaqi Zou (Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Canada) |
| Abstract: | A recent trend in Korea and Japan sees college-graduate women marrying later and at lower rates than less-educated women. In China, “leftover women” have also became a top policy concern. This paper finds, however, that China’s higher-educated urban women attain marital outcomes more like those in the US than in other Asian Tiger countries: marrying later, but ultimately at comparable rates to less-educated women. For 1990-2009, we quantify marriage quality using the classic Choo-Siow (2006) estimator and find large returns to marrying later but minimal direct higher-education effects. Using the Choo (2015) dynamic estimator, we project future marriage rates to continue to rise for higher-educated women relative to their lower-educated peers. |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rim:rimwps:18-33&r=sea |
| By: | Ayoki, Milton |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses exports of textiles and clothing (T&C) from Sub-Saharan African countries in the decade leading to and after a phase out of the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC) (Multi-fibre Agreement restrictions on T&C export)—from 1990s to 2016 using WTO and World Bank data sets—to ascertain the initial effects of the end of quotas and other restrictions on global trade in textile and clothing. Our results show a fall in exports of African countries in the aftermath of the ATC, and a simultaneous and gradual shift of increasing T&C exports by Asian countries (Asia & Pacific) into African markets at a much faster rate than their increase into the U.S. and EU markets. To the U.S, the Asian countries continue to export post-ATC at about the same levels of textile and clothing that they did before ATC phase out. Taken together, there is no clear evidence that the termination of the ATC has been a major contributing factor to the decline of Sub-Saharan Africa’s T&C exports. The utilisation of safeguard mechanisms by the U.S. and the EU and the continued option to maintain tariffs and other non-tariff barriers make it difficult to trace the effects of the end of ATC, but also raise important issues that could be considered in the WTO negotiations on rules: trade remedies (safeguard and countervailing measures) since the end of ATC did not bring about “free trade” for clothing and textiles. |
| Keywords: | Multifibre Agreement (MFA), Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC), quota restrictions, rules negotiations, trade remedies, textile and clothing exports, Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| JEL: | F13 K33 |
| Date: | 2017–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88122&r=sea |
| By: | Spyridou, Anastasia |
| Abstract: | Purpose of this paper is to report on an investigation of the expected and perceived service quality at “all you can eat” restaurants in southern Taiwan. The findings of this study indicated that the service quality factors had a positive impact on overall customer satisfaction and revisiting intention. The results also showed that the “all you can eat” restaurant in Chiayi had a higher level for service related factors for “all you can eat” restaurants than Kaohsiung thus reflecting some regional differences in overall service quality. The analysis revealed a number of central and important properties attached to the consumption values associated with context of an “all you can eat” restaurant meal. Such insights can be of use to the management of restaurants in their efforts to improve the experience/quality for their customers and to increase customer loyalty. The consumer values identified here could also be used as suggestions concerning what to look for within more comprehensive empirical studies done in the future. This is the first study to are knowledge that examines "all you can eat" hospitality sector in Taiwan. |
| Keywords: | All you can eat; Taiwan; Service Quality; sales promotion |
| JEL: | L83 M3 |
| Date: | 2017–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88146&r=sea |
| By: | Römer, Ulf; Mußhoff, Oliver; Weber, Ron; Turvey, Calum G. |
| Abstract: | The prevention of asymmetric information plays a major role in successful small business lending. The purpose of this research is to determine if small business applicants report their income information correctly when requesting a loan. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial bogus pipeline experiment was set up during a typical cash-flow analysis of a bank for small businesses in the Philippines. Results indicate that loan applicants of the treatment group reported a lower income, an effect which is most pronounced in the lowest income percentile. Moreover, our analyses reveal higher loan delinquencies in the control group. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gadadp:260765&r=sea |
| By: | Bekchanov, Maksud; Evia, Pablo |
| Abstract: | Properly managed sanitation systems and improved wastewater treatment are important for safeguarding environment and enhancing sustainable livelihoods in vast areas of South and Southeast Asian countries. Recovering nutrients and energy from organic waste and wastewater is an effective option for improving environmental and health security, rehabilitating agricultural soils and improving energy and food access for the poor in these countries. This study addressed the technical potentials and investment climate for wider adoption of resources recovery and reuse (RRR) technologies in this region. Reviewing results and technical calculations indicated poor sanitation in India and Nepal in contrast to high levels of sanitation in Sri Lanka. However, despite comparatively higher levels of fecal sludge and wastewater treatment in Sri Lanka than the remaining countries, levels of waste treatment and recycling are much lower than their potential level in all countries of the region. Lack of financial resources, lack of awareness on hazardous impacts of poor sanitation, poor governance and high corruption levels in the system are pointed out as key barriers for wider implementation of waste and wastewater treatment and recycling technologies. Improving regulatory frameworks and governmental support through establishing subsidy programs, raising the awareness of population on environmental safeguarding, improving the skill capacity and technologies as well as ensuring quality standards can enhance wider implementation of RRR options. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubonwp:274732&r=sea |
| By: | Mikhail Anufriev (The University of Technology Sydney); Te Bao (Division of Economics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore); Angela Sutan (Burgundy School of Business, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte CEREN, Dijon, France); Jan Tuinstra (CeNDEF, Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | We present a laboratory experiment which is designed to investigate the effect of the fee structure on mutual fund choice. We find that subjects tend to ignore periodic and small operating expenses fees and base their decisions on gross, instead of net, returns. A fee in the form of a, much larger, front-end load leads to lock-in into one of the funds. It is used by some subjects as a commitment device, but exacerbates the decision errors of other subjects. Although past returns do not convey information about future returns, return chasing helps explain subjects' behavior. |
| Keywords: | Mutual fund choice; fee structure; experimental economics; return chasing; learning |
| JEL: | C91 G02 G11 |
| Date: | 2018–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uts:ecowps:45&r=sea |
| By: | Lowenberg-DeBoer, J.; Musa, Shehu |
| Abstract: | With five million bags sold in the 2007-2015 period and thousands of rural vendors, the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags have been a very successful innovation for African and Asian farmers. The primary Purdue University intellectual property (IP) in PICS is the trademark. The goal of this study is to describe the role of PICS trademark licensing in the PICS success. Some key points from the study: • Trademarking PJCS seems to have been an effective strategy for combating low quality imitators. Initially, PICS trademarking was suggested by a Nigerian PICS manufacturer as a way to manage imitators. While several large manufacturers have made their own version of the triple layer PICS bag, none of those larger businesses tried to use the trademark. The small "backyard" manufacturers who tried to use the trademark stopped when sent a cease and desist letter by Purdue. Anecdotal accounts indicate that West African farmers have confidence in PICS trademarked bags and prefer to buy them to store their crops. • As donorfunding wound downfor PJCS projects, the trademark became the main mechanism for Purdue support to manufacturers and licensees. The trademark license provides a formal, legal structure within which that relationship can function. Ina context where national institutions are weak, many manufacturers and distributors find that technical support from Purdue attractive. The support provided ranged widely from help with manufacturing problems to facilitating succession when a licensee died without leaving succession plans. • PJCS has shown that African and Asian licensees are willing topay licensefees, but the transactions and opportunity costs are high on both sides. Those transactions costs include bank wire fees, exchange costs, staff effort and informal taxes required for the paperwork. In the developing country context where cash is hard to come by and work capital perpetually lacking, there is a real opportunity cost of sending some of that money out of the country, instead of reinvesting it in the business. • The sustainability of the PJCS brand probably requires moving management outside of the university. University business processes are slow and cumbersome. Management costs are high because of public sector accounting and personnel rules. University faculty and staff have many responsibilities; they cannot devote full time to commercialization of an innovation. • The most durable impact of the PICS project is in the private investment in developing the next generation of hermetic grain storage for smallholder farmers. Twenty years ago those companies would have dismissed the idea of developing grain storage technology for small holder farmers. The perception was that smallholder farmers lacked the entrepreneurial motivation and/or the cash flow to be a substantial market. PICS showed the business community that there is a market on smallholder farms for technologies that solve their problems. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:puaewp:254126&r=sea |
| By: | Ayoki, Milton |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the textile and clothing (T&C) industry in Lesotho to ascertain the initial effects of the end of quotas and other restrictions on global trade in textile and clothing. Results show a dramatic decline in Lesotho’s T&C exports, both in value terms and export share in major markets in industrialised countries: the U.S. and the EU in the aftermath of the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC). The export decline for Lesotho and for Sub-Saharan African countries as a group has not been accompanied by simultaneous or rapid shift of increasing T&C exports by Asian developing countries, who continue to export post-ATC at about the same levels of textile and clothing that they did before ATC phase out. While T&C exports from Lesotho and other African countries continue to decline, post-ATC, it is unclear if the end of the ATC quotas has been the main cause of that decline. Results do not provide clear evidence that the termination of the ATC has been a major contributing factor to the decline of Lesotho’s and SSA Africa’s T&C exports. Instead, we find evidence of simultaneous and rapid shift of increasing T&C exports from China to Lesotho and other African markets. Compared to competition in export markets, the influx of Chinese products imposes worse threat to the textile and clothing sector in Lesotho and the rest of Africa. Further to these, the utilisation of safeguard mechanisms by the U.S. and the continued option to maintain tariffs and other non-tariff barriers means that the end of ATC did not fully bring about “free trade” for clothing and textiles. These results raise important policy issues that could be considered in the ongoing negotiations on rules: trade remedies, particularly those dealing with safeguard and countervailing measures. |
| Keywords: | Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC), Multifibre arrangement, global textile and clothing exports, quota restrictions, trade remedies, Sub-Saharan Africa, Lesotho |
| JEL: | F13 F14 K33 |
| Date: | 2016–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88112&r=sea |