|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Canare, Tristan A.; Francisco, Jamil Paulo; Labios, Jean Rebecca |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important in many developing countries, including the Philippines. However, this sector remains much less productive than their large counterparts. One factor that can help SMEs achieve higher productivity is to connect them to global value chains (GVCs) through internationalization. However, SMEs are faced with a host of obstacles in trying to participate in GVCs. This paper attempts to determine the challenges and enablers of connecting small and medium businesses to GVCs. It uses data from a survey of Metro Manila SMEs and a set of key informant interviews of SME owners and of government officials tasked to assist SMEs. Findings show that Philippine SMEs are weakly linked to GVCs. The challenges and enablers can be grouped into five themes, namely: (1) competition in ASEAN and East Asia; 2) international standards, regulatory requirements, and local institutions; (3) role of the government; (4) international market demand and inputs supply; and (5) entrepreneurial mindset. Based on the results, some policy implications were formulated. |
| Keywords: | competition, Philippines, global value chains, SMEs, small and medium enterprises, Philippine SMEs, internationalization, exports |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2018-07&r=sea |
| By: | Ratchanee Mukhjang (Naresuan University) |
| Abstract: | In 1997, the financial economic crisis hit Thailand; non-government organizations and social movements criticized the negative impacts arising from capitalism, including liberalization and globalization. As a solution to the restructuring performance, the regional development concept proved to be an alternative development paradigm which prioritizes community development. There are two types of regional development approaches: exogenous and endogenous regional development. While the first one depends heavily on the promotion by governments utilizing outside resources with legal controls, technical innovation, etc., the second one relies highly on the initiative of the local people using local resources based on local biodiversity, culture, traditions, and skills. Accordingly, the Thai government established the One Tambon, One Product (OTOP) project in 2001. The program is based on the successful experience of the One Village One Product (OVOP) movement in Japan which is a remarkable example of the endogenous regional development concept. While OVOP mainly highlights some local areas for the depopulation problem, the OTOP project in Thailand draws attention to alleviating poverty. Currently, OVOP or OTOP is becoming one of the most popular terms in many developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa. There have been several studies of OTOP projects in other regions in Thailand. Much of the previous work on the OTOP projects has concentrated on the performance of each enterprise using descriptive statistical tools. The purpose of this study was to contribute to knowledge and debate on describing the structure of the OTOP production. The annual data for the fiscal period in 2015 from the Community Development Division and the location quotient method of analysis were employed. The mathematical technique indexes the region?s revenue of OTOP to a larger reference (national) scale. The study points out that the location quotient of food and textile production of the OTOP scheme in lower northern Thailand was greater than one. In contrast, the LQs of crafts, beverages and herbs were 0.77, 0.35 and 0.44, respectively. The results revealed that the first two products are concentrated in the lower northern region compared to a larger geographic area. Therefore, the economic and workforce development planners should provide the right support to make the regional economy unique. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous regional development, One Tambol One Product, One Village One Product, Location Quotient |
| JEL: | A10 |
| Date: | 2017–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5407705&r=sea |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Hoai Son Nguyen (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Access to clean and affordable energy for all is the seventh sustainable development goal. This manuscript examines the state of access to electricity for all in Vietnam, based on national households' surveys conducted in the time period 2008-2014. We find that in Vietnam, the problem of providing access to clean energy for all is largely solved for now: the fraction of households without access to electricity is below two percent, the median level of electricity usage in 2014 was 100 kWh per month per household, the fraction of households declaring unsatisfied electricity needs is below three percent. We find that electricity is becoming a heavier burden in Vietnamese households' finances. In 2010, the electricity bill exceeded 6% of income for 2.4% of households, but in 2014 that number reached 5.5% of households. In practical terms, we discuss the challenge of a socially just increase of electricity tariff, necessary to finance a clean development of energy system. Our theoretical contribution to debates on energy poverty is to account for the human dimension by using a self-reported satisfaction indicator. Our study shows that subjective energy poverty indicators –designed from surveys asking people if they had enough electricity to meet their households needs– are as relevant as objective indicators –from engineering or economic data. While objectivity is laudable, development is not only about technology and money: measuring human satisfaction matters. |
| Keywords: | Electricity,Vietnam,Sustainable Development Goals,Indicators |
| Date: | 2018–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01692453&r=sea |
| By: | Jaelani, Aan |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the management of public expenditures in Indonesia in State Budget 2017. The data collected from fiscal policy documents, especially about government spending plans in 2017, and then be reviewed by policy analysis, the theory of public expenditures, and the theory of public goods, and compared with the theory of public expenditure in Islamic economics. Public expenditure management in Indonesia has implemented a distribution system that divided public expenditure for central government expenditures, transfers to the regions, and the village fund. In terms of fiscal policy, public expenditure priorities to support the achievement of sustainable economic growth, job creation, poverty reduction, and the reduction of gaps in the welfare of the whole community. In Islamic economics, public expenditure is used to meet the needs of the community based on the principles of general interest derived from the shari'a. Public expenditure on Indonesia's government as an effective tool to divert economic resources and increase the income of society as a whole, and focused on the embodiment of the people's welfare |
| Keywords: | State budget; fiscal policy; public expenditure; Islamic Economic |
| JEL: | E62 H11 H41 H5 O23 P5 P50 |
| Date: | 2018–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87025&r=sea |
| By: | Sung Soo Lim (American University in Dubai) |
| Abstract: | In many developing countries, the burden of morbidity of prime-age adults is greater than in developed countries. Morbidity is distinct from other types of negative demographic shocks such as a loss of family members or dissolution of the family. Since the duration of illness and the possibility of recovery are generally difficult to anticipate, households may be more burdened in adjusting to the crisis caused by adult morbidity than they are to other types of demographic shocks or income shocks. Households with health shocks may use various coping strategies according to the nature of the costs imposed by those shocks. Among others, intra-household labor substitution may be an important coping strategy for households with limited access to other coping strategies. Moreover, the use of labor as insurance may have a negative impact on children?s educational attainment, which has serious implications for the future welfare of the poor in developing countries. Yet, studies on this link between adult morbidity and child labor are rare. Using two waves (2007, 2014) of Indonesian Family Life Survey data, this study investigates the effects of prime-age morbidity on work hours of children under 16 years old. This study is distinguished from few existing studies in the literature in that it controls for duration and severity of morbidity in the estimation of morbidity effects. Employing both self-reported health measures and measures of individuals? physical abilities to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), this study finds that work hours of children increase significantly when spouses of household heads suffer from long and severe illnesses. The effects are found to be greater for households where the spouses are not covered by any health insurance. Moreover, this study sheds light on gender roles within households coping with health shocks. In particular, it shows that work hours of male and female children increase more when household heads and their spouses suffer from health shocks, respectively. Again, the effects are found to be greater for households with no health insurance. This study is of special interests to policy makers trying to identify households and individuals who are more vulnerable to unexpected health shocks. The results imply that benefits of government expenditures on healthcare may be greater when the Indonesian government, with its limited resources, targets subsidies towards households suffering severe and long-term morbidity shocks. |
| Keywords: | morbidity, child labor, intra-household labor substitution, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I00 O12 |
| Date: | 2017–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5407710&r=sea |
| By: | Masuda, Kazuya; Sakai, Yoko |
| Abstract: | International labor mobility is a key factor for a well-functioning labor market. Although educational attainment is known to affect regional labor mobility within a country, evidence of a relationship between schooling and international labor mobility is limited, particularly in developing countries. This study uses the across-cohort variation in the exposure to the 1988 free secondary education reform in the Philippines to examine the impact of years of education on the propensity of working abroad. The results suggest that attaining another year of schooling increases the likelihood of working abroad by 3 and 8 percentage points for men and women, respectively. These results suggest that education improves the ability to deal with negative economic shocks by allowing individuals to find employment in the international labor market. |
| Keywords: | Labor mobility, Migration, Education, Philippines, Free secondary education |
| JEL: | J61 R23 I20 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hitcei:2018-5&r=sea |
| By: | Eugenia C. Go (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK) |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the effects of the introduction of Roll-On Roll-Off (RORO) Terminal System (RRTS) on agricultural trade and on provincial trade frictions within the Philippines. To do so, two datasets are created: (i) the starting dates of RORO services by route; and (ii) intra-provincial trade by product. Results suggest that provinces linked by RRTS increased trade by 35% compared with unconnected provinces. At the same time, RRTS is associated with an average reduction of province trade frictions. However, the distribution of gains among provinces is highly uneven and may have exacerbated pre-existing trade imbalances. |
| Keywords: | trade costs; domestic trade |
| JEL: | F10 F14 R28 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:1418&r=sea |
| By: | Jean-Pierre Drugeon (PSE - Paris School of Economics, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thai Ha-Huy (EPEE - Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne); Thi-Do-Hanh Nguyen (Vietnam Maritime University) |
| Abstract: | This article establishes a dynamic programming argument for a maximin optimization problem where the agent completes a minimization over a set of discount rates. Even though the consideration of a maximin criterion results in a program that is not convex and not stationary over time, it is proved that a careful reference to extended dynamic programming principles and a maxmin functional equation however allows for circumventing these difficulties and recovering an optimal sequence that is time consistent. This in its turn brings about a stationary dynamic programming argument. |
| Keywords: | maximin principle,non-convexities,value fun-ion,policy fun-ion,supermodularity |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01761997&r=sea |
| By: | Sven Steinkamp; Frank Westermann |
| Abstract: | Occasional crises have been shown to be part of growth enhancing mechanism (see Rancière, Tornell and Westermann, 2008). In this paper, we document that neither the stereotypical case study of India vs. Thailand, nor the benchmark growth-regression in this earlier research support this result anymore when updating the sample by one decade that includes the Global Financial Crisis, 2007/8. We analyze the time-varying nature of this relationship in rolling regressions and an historical dataset. In the subset of countries with enforceability problems, we find that the link between occasional crisis, measured by the negative skewness of credit growth, and per-capita output growth still remains intact. |
| Keywords: | long-term growth, systemic crisis, financial liberalization |
| JEL: | F34 O43 G01 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7094&r=sea |
| By: | Abueg, Luisito |
| Abstract: | A review of literature on gravity models on international trade, with a proposed model for the Philippines linking trade and employment. This review of literature provides other aspects of gravity modelling, from its elementary formulation as proposed by Timbergen (1962) to current theoretical and empirical extensions. |
| Keywords: | gravity model, trade facilitation, behind-the-border barriers, free trade agreements, globalization, labour markets, employment, Philippine international trade |
| JEL: | F11 F14 F16 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87256&r=sea |
| By: | David E. Allen (School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Australia, Department of Finance, Asia University, Taiwan, and School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia.); Michael McAleer (Department of Quantitative Finance National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Econometric Institute Erasmus School of Economics Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Quantitative Economics Complutense University of Madrid, Spain And Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University, Japan.); David McHardy Reid (Albers School of Business and Economics, Seattle University, Washington, USA.) |
| Abstract: | A set of 115 tweets on climate change by President Trump, from 2011 to 2015, are analysed by means of the data mining technique, sentiment analysis. The intention is to explore the contents and sentiments of the messages contained the degree to which they differ, and their implications about his understanding of climate change. The results suggest a predominantly negative emotion in relation to tweets on climate change, but they appear to lack a clear logical framework, and confuse short term variations in localised weather with long term global average climate change. |
| Keywords: | Sentiment Analysis; Polarity; Climate Change; Scientific Verification; Weather. |
| JEL: | A1 C44 C88 Z0 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:doicae:1817&r=sea |
| By: | -, Amir |
| Abstract: | Tea is one of the most important economic industrial plants. From this plant is taken leaves are still young. Then processed and used for delicious beverage ingredients. Expenditure of cost in cultivation is rlatively low cost. In addition, tea is also exported and generates foreign exchange for the country. The need for tea inside and outside the country continues to increase. Therefore, the cultivation of the climate plant is expanded and improved. Tea plant because it comes from sub tropical, hence suitable planted in mountainous area. An outline of growing conditions for tea plants is and soil compatibility. Tea plants generally can start picking the leaves continuously after the age of 5 years. With good maintenance the tea plant can give enough tea leaves for 40 years. Tea gardens therefore need to always obtain fertilization regularly, free of pests of plant diseases, obtain good pruning, obtain sufficient rainfall. be planted in Japan. Europeans know tea in the 16th century. Tea has 2 varieties, namely: varieties Sinensis and Assamica varieties. Teh assamica is the most widely grown in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Key words : cost, economic, european, industrial, picking |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87213&r=sea |
| By: | Hamzah, Nurrawaida Husna; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | Public policy remains a paradox and a challenging pursuit in finding a delicate balance between conflicting economic goals and outcomes. Nevertheless, interest rate is a commonly used monetary policy tool to maintain a low and stable inflation. However, the effectiveness of interest rate in controlling inflation remains unanswered conclusively. Undertaking a wrong policy stance will lead to huge costs to the economy and society as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the lead-lag relationship between inflation and interest rate, and whether the relationship between the two variables is linear. These will determine whether interest rate is an effective tool in the context of Malaysia. This study extends prior literature by using a more recent monthly time series data and advanced techniques known as NARDL and ARDL. Based on this study, it is found that inflation rate is the most exogenous variable while interest rate is the most endogenous variable, hence policy makers have no influence over inflation. A crucial policy implication is policy makers should not use interest rate to control inflation but instead, they should focus on supply side policies to manage inflation. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy, NARDL, ARDL, Inflation, Interest rate |
| JEL: | C22 C58 E4 |
| Date: | 2018–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87576&r=sea |
| By: | Bhagaporn Wattanadumrong (Naresuan University); Nattachet Poonchareon (Department of Economics Faculty of Business, Economics and Communications, Naresuan University); Warawude Rurkwararuk (Department of Business Administration Faculty of Business, Economics and Communications, Naresuan University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses regional investment in Phitsanulok Province located in the lower north of Thailand. Using data for 3,623 local business registered from 1906 to 2015. This study examines their performance of the city growth and socio-economic problems to promote entrepreneurship based on locally-owned (LOEs) enterprises and nonlocally-owned (NLOEs) enterprises. The key determinants are identified using a unique assembled data recorded by local authority recording and comprising all local business sectors over time. The descriptive analytical approach will be applied to full sample (all sectors) and other relevant issues (capital based, size of business into SMEs; Small Medium Enterprises). Most enterprises are small business; while, there are few medium and large sizes in the community areas.The aim of the research is to explore the evolution of local business development in the province and the major determinants to increase the investment into local. The quantitative approach has been investigated together with face to face interview from the purposive samples by sectors. The results show that local entrepreneurs experience the high competitiveness from outsides especially from the large and medium nonlocally-owned enterprises. The development of entrepreneurship in the areas based of Phitsanulok has gradually changed. The huge capital investment from outside has injected into the areas. The phenomenon how the small ? medium enterprises will be survived from the large enterprises dominated into the areas has to be discussed in terms of policy priority actions and the economic and social instruments at the level of economic entities of local business development in the areas. This study briefly examines the city growth of businesses? existence and its changes over time. This approach can be applied to analyze the city growth at provincial-level of the country. |
| Keywords: | regional investment, SMEs, Phitsanulok, local business development |
| JEL: | O18 M21 L26 |
| Date: | 2017–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5407727&r=sea |
| By: | -, Amir |
| Abstract: | Tea is one of the most important economic industrial plants. From this plant is taken leaves are still young. Then processed and used for delicious beverage ingredients. Expenditure of cost in cultivation is rlatively low cost. In addition, tea is also exported and generates foreign exchange for the country. The need for tea inside and outside the country continues to increase. Therefore, the cultivation of the climate plant is expanded and improved. Tea plant because it comes from sub tropical, hence suitable planted in mountainous area. An outline of growing conditions for tea plants is and soil compatibility. Tea plants generally can start picking the leaves continuously after the age of 5 years. With good maintenance the tea plant can give enough tea leaves for 40 years. Tea gardens therefore need to always obtain fertilization regularly, free of pests of plant diseases, obtain good pruning, obtain sufficient rainfallbe planted in Japan. Europeans know tea in the 16th century. Tea has 2 varieties, namely: varieties Sinensis and Assamica varieties. Teh assamica is the most widely grown in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Key words : cost, economic, european, industrial, picking, |
| JEL: | Q14 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87036&r=sea |
| By: | Victor Court (CERES-ERTI - Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Societé / Environmental Research and Teaching Institute - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris, Chaire Energie & Prospérité - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE ParisTech - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Institut Louis Bachelier); Emmanuel Bovari (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Chaire Energie & Prospérité - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE ParisTech - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Institut Louis Bachelier) |
| Abstract: | This article provides a knowledge-based and energy-centered unified growth model of the economic transition from limited to sustained growth. We model the transition between: (i) a pre-modern organic regime defined by limited growth in per capita output, high fertility, low levels of human capital, technological progress generated by learning-by-doing, and rare GPT arrivals; and (ii) a modern fossil regime characterized by sustained growth of per capita output, low fertility, high levels of human capital, technological progress generated by profit-motivated R\&D, and increasingly frequent GPT arrivals. The associated energy transition results from the endogenous shortage of renewable resources availability, and the arrival of new GPTs which redirect technological progress towards the exploitation of previously unprofitable exhaustible energy. Calibrations of the model are currently in progress: (i) to replicate the historical experience of England from 1560 to 2010; and (ii) to compare the different trajectories of Western Europe and Eastern Asia. |
| Keywords: | Unified Growth Theory,Useful Knowledge,Energy Transition,Demography |
| Date: | 2018–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01698755&r=sea |
| By: | Lakdawala, Leah (Michigan State University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks to understand household business decisions in response to increased credit access in an environment with multiple market failures. A simple model suggests that households at certain wealth thresholds might be able to overcome the fixed costs of entering entrepreneurship when they have increased access to credit. In the presence of labor market imperfections however, these same households may also be more likely to employ child labor. I test these predictions using household- and child-level panel data from Thailand. To isolate the causal impacts of household borrowing, I exploit the exogenous timing and institutional features of the Million Baht Program, one of the largest government initiatives to increase household access to credit in the world. I find that, consistent with the model, expanded access to credit raises entry into entrepreneurship for households in specific wealth groups while simultaneously increasing the use of child labor in these households. The results suggest that through the avenue of encouraging entrepreneurial activity, expanding credit access may have unintended consequences for the supply of child labor. |
| Keywords: | Credit; Microcredit; Entrepreneurship; Child Labor; Child Work; Schooling |
| JEL: | D13 J22 O12 O15 |
| Date: | 2018–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:msuecw:2018_004&r=sea |
| By: | Lenskaya, Elena (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Sazonov, Konstantin (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents the outcomes of the in-depth analysis of pre-tertiary education development in four countries, the world leaders in education, looks into the trends that shape this development and considers expert judgments on the success factors in Finland, Australia, Japan and Singapore. Several priorities are recommended for future mid-term educational policy planning in Russia on the basis of this analysis, so that our country could make a significant progress in the quality of educational outcomes and thus become more competitive worldwide. |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:061813&r=sea |
| By: | Thi Huong Tran |
| Abstract: | Recently, along with the emergence of food scandals, food supply chains have to face with ever-increasing pressure from compliance with food quality and safety regulations and standards. This paper aims to explore critical factors of compliance risk in food supply chain with an illustrated case in Vietnamese seafood industry. To this end, this study takes advantage of both primary and secondary data sources through a comprehensive literature research of industrial and scientific papers, combined with expert interview. Findings showed that there are three main critical factor groups influencing on compliance risk including challenges originating from Vietnamese food supply chain itself, characteristics of regulation and standards, and business environment. Furthermore, author proposed enablers to eliminate compliance risks to food supply chain managers as well as recommendations to government and other influencers and supporters. |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1805.12109&r=sea |
| By: | Parinduri, Rasyad; Ong, Kian |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of having English as a medium of instruction on labor market outcomes later in life. We exploit an exogenous variation in mediums of instruction induced by the government of Malaysia’s decision to discontinue English-medium public schools and phase them out with Malay-medium public schools in 1970, which fits a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. We find some evidence that having English as a medium of instruction improves labor market outcomes. We explore some mechanisms through which mediums of instruction matter: We find having English as a medium of instruction improves English proficiency, especially reading and writing skills, and increases educational attainment, which in turn increase earnings and improve employability. The evidence is, however, rather weak, if we use robust data-driven inferences in the regression discontinuity design. |
| Keywords: | English, mediums of instruction, regression discontinuity design, labor market outcomes |
| JEL: | H4 I2 J3 O1 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:87560&r=sea |
| By: | Joël Aubin (SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST, INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Myriam Callier (Station expérimentale de Palavas les Flots - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer); Hélène Rey-Valette (LAMETA - Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - UM3 - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Syndhia Mathe (LAMETA - Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - UM3 - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Aurélie Wilfart (SAS - Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST); Marc Legendre (CAVIAR - Caractérisation et valorisation de la diversité ichtyologique pour une aquaculture raisonnée); Jacques Slembrouck (CAVIAR - Caractérisation et valorisation de la diversité ichtyologique pour une aquaculture raisonnée); Domenico Caruso (CAVIAR - Caractérisation et valorisation de la diversité ichtyologique pour une aquaculture raisonnée); Eduardo Chia (Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CNEARC - Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - IAMM - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Gérard Masson (LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean Paul Blancheton (IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer); Edi Ediwarman; Joni Haryadi; Tri Heru Prihadi (Dept Marine Affairs & Fisheries - Res Ctr Aquaculture); Jorge De Matos Casaca; Sergio T.J. Tamassia; Aurélien Tocqueville (ITAVI - Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux); Pascal Fontaine (INRA, USC340 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) |
| Abstract: | Ecological intensification is a new concept in agriculture that addresses the double challenge of maintaining a level of production sufficient to support needs of human populations and respecting the environment in order to conserve the natural world and human quality of life. This article adapts this concept to fish farming using agroecological principles and the ecosystem services framework. The method was developed from the study of published literature and applications at four study sites chosen for their differences in production intensity: polyculture ponds in France, integrated pig and pond polyculture in Brazil, the culture of striped catfish in Indonesia and a recirculating salmon aquaculture system in France. The study of stakeholders' perceptions of ecosystem services combined with environmental assessment through Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy accounting allowed development of an assessment tool that was used as a basis for co-building evolution scenarios. From this experience, ecological intensifica-tion of aquaculture was defined as the use of ecological processes and functions to increase productivity, strengthen ecosystem services and decrease disservices. It is based on aquaecosystem and biodiversity management and the use of local and traditional knowledge. Expected consequences for farming systems consist of greater autonomy, efficiency and better integration into their surrounding territories. Ecological intensification requires territorial governance and helps improve it from a sustainable development perspective. |
| Keywords: | system,agroecology,ecosystem services,life cycle assessment,perception,emergy accounting |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01795621&r=sea |
| By: | Wang, Wuyi (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Phillips, Peter C.B. (Yale University); Su, Liangjun (School of Economics, Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the relationship between the minimum wage and the employment rate in the US using the framework of a panel structure model. The approach allows the minimum wage, along with some other controls, to have heterogeneous effects on employment across states which are classified into a group structure. The effects on employment are the same within each group but differ across different groups. The number of groups and the group membership of each state are both unknown a priori. The approach employs the C-Lasso technique, a recently developed classification method that consistently estimates group structure and leads to oracle-efficient estimation of the coefficients. Empirical application of C-Lasso to a US restaurant industry panel over the period 1990 - 2006 leads to the identification of four separate groups at the state level. The findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in the impact of the minimum wage on employment across groups, with both positive and negative effects and geographical patterns manifesting in the data. The results provide some new perspectives on the prolonged debate on the impact of minimum wage on employment. |
| Keywords: | Classification; C-Lasso; Latent group structures; Minimum wage; Unemployment. |
| JEL: | C33 C38 E24 |
| Date: | 2018–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2018_011&r=sea |
| By: | Afees A. Salisu (Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Faculty of Business Administration, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Econometric and Allied Research, University of Ibadan); Idris Adediran (Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.) |
| Abstract: | The study will be the first to offer empirical justification for time-varying stochastic volatility in Bitcoin returns. Specifically, it tests for time variation in both the trend and transitory components of the stochastic volatility using the unobserved components model that accounts for same. Thereafter, it calculates the Bayes factor using the approach of Chan (2018) which involves the Savage-Dickey density ratio in order to avoid the computation of the marginal likelihood. The results overwhelmingly support at least one time-varying stochastic volatility component in Bitcoin returns and the transitory component is favoured in this regard. These results are robust to different data frequencies. |
| Keywords: | Bitcoin returns, Time-varying stochastic volatility, Bayes factor |
| JEL: | C11 C53 G17 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cui:wpaper:0060&r=sea |
| By: | Willem THORBECKE |
| Abstract: | Oil prices have been volatile. To investigate how these price swings affect Asian economies, this paper examines how oil prices affect industry and aggregate stock returns. Economic theory implies that there is a strong link between economic activity and stock price. Evidence presented here indicates that sectors such as electricity, airlines, and industrial transportation are helped by oil price falls, and that sectors such as oil and gas production and exploration are harmed. The findings also reveal that many industries within each country are impacted by oil prices. The paper concludes by offering several suggestions to help Asian economies weather the effects of oil price changes. |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:18043&r=sea |
| By: | Baltagi, Badi (Syracuse University); Pirotte, Alain (CRED, University Paris II Pantheon-Assas); Yang, Zhenlin (School of Economics, Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | We propose tests for homoskedasticity in spatial econometric models, based on joint or concentrated score functions and an Outer-Product-of-Martingale-Difference (OPMD) estimate of the variance of the joint or concentrated score functions. Versions of these tests robust against non-normality are also given. Asymptotic properties of the proposed tests are formally examined using a cross-section model and a panel model with fixed effects. Monte Carlo results show that the proposed tests based on the concentrated score function have good finite sample properties. Finally, the generality of the proposed approach in constructing tests for homoskedasticity is further demonstrated using a spatial dynamic panel data model with short panels. |
| Keywords: | Adjusted quasi-scores; Dynamics; Fixed effects; Heteroskedasticity; Non-normality; Martingale difference; Score tests; Short panels; Spatial effects. |
| JEL: | C12 C18 C21 C23 |
| Date: | 2018–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2018_012&r=sea |