|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Hong Kong Nguyen-To; Quan-Hoang Vuong; Manh Tung Ho; Thu Trang Vuong |
| Abstract: | The relationship between Vietnam and China could be captured in the Chinese expression of “同床异梦”,which means lying on the same bed but having different dreams. The two countries share certain culturaland political similarities but also diverge vastly in their national interests. This paper adds to the extantliterature on this topic by analyzing the element of trust/mistrust in their interactions in trade-investment,tourism, and defense-security. The analysis shows how the relationship is increasingly interdependent butis equally fragile due to the lack of trust on both sides. The mistrust or even distrust of Chinese subjectsrun deep within the Vietnamese mindset, from the skepticism of Chinese investment, Chinese tourists,discrimination against ethnic Chinese, to the caution against Chinese aggression in the South China Sea.The paper forecasts that, despite the deep-seated differences and occasional mistrust, going forward,neither side would risk damaging the status quo even when tensions peak. |
| JEL: | F50 F52 P21 |
| Date: | 2018–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/271426&r=sea |
| By: | Mendy, David; Widodo, Tri |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to identify the Indonesia rupiah per US dollar turning points using a regime switching model. Firstly, to detect if nonlinear model suits the data at hand, the BDS test and CUSUM of square test was used and the results indicates that a nonlinear model suits the data. The paper then proceeds by using a univariate two state Markov Switching autoregressive model (MSAR) developed by Hamilton (1989), Engel and Hamilton (1990) to capture regime shifts behaviour in both the mean and the variance of the Indonesian rupiah per US dollar exchange rate between 2000 to 2015. The empirical evidence indicates strong transition probabilities suggesting that only extreme events can switch the series from an appreciation regime to a depreciation regime vice versa. Moreover, the results of the MSAR model was found to successfully capture the timing of the regime shifts of the Indonesian rupiah per US dollar exchange rate because of government intervention, Indonesian presidential elections, US financial crises of 2008, and the Indonesian current account deficit in 2013. Finally, the non-linear exchange rate dynamic of the Indonesian rupiah implied that regime-switching models have potential important implication for the macroeconomic literature documenting the effect of monetary policy shock and political environment on the economic aggregates. Furthermore, regime-switching models is well suited to capture the non-linearities in exchanges rate. |
| Keywords: | Exchange rates (Indonesian Rupiah per US Dollar), Nonlinearity, Markov switching model(MSAR) |
| JEL: | E3 E5 |
| Date: | 2018–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:86728&r=sea |
| By: | Vincent Koen (OECD); Hidekatsu Asada (OECD); Mohamed Rizwan Habeeb Rahuman (OECD); Adam Bogiatzis (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The Prosperity pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for an integrated approach based on boosting productivity through diversification, upgrading technology and innovation, and increasing employment and entrepreneurship. Thailand needs to address all these challenges to achieve high-income country status by 2036. Over the past decade, limited structural reform and capital investment have held back productivity growth and improvements in well-being, and Thailand has lost ground vis-à-vis regional comparators. More recently, however, economic growth has started to regain momentum helped by a pick-up in global trade, which has supported exports, and by a substantial public infrastructure investment programme. Moving forward, Thailand will need to boost productive capacity in the face of intensified competition with regional peers and rapid demographic ageing. In addition, productivity gains will be increasingly necessary to drive growth. Key areas of focus include improving human resource development, encouraging technology diffusion via cluster development, promoting innovation and digitalisation, improving the SME policy framework and expanding regional integration, as emphasised in the government’s 12th Plan and Thailand 4.0. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-d imensional-review-thailand.htm) |
| Keywords: | cluster development, digitalisation, education, fiscal consolidation, innovation, monetary policy, productivity, regional integration, regulatory reform, skills, SMEs, structural reform, trade, TVET |
| JEL: | E44 E62 E66 F13 F15 I25 J21 L78 O15 O38 O47 O53 Q18 R11 |
| Date: | 2018–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1470-en&r=sea |
| By: | Gianti Gunawan (Psychology, Padjadjaran University Author-2-Name: Yus Nugraha Author-2-Workplace-Name: Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21 Hegarmanah-Jatinangor-Kabupaten Sumedang,45363, Bandung, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Marina Sulastiana Author-3-Workplace-Name: Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21 Hegarmanah-Jatinangor-Kabupaten Sumedang,45363, Bandung, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Diana Harding Author-4-Workplace-Name: Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21 Hegarmanah-Jatinangor-Kabupaten Sumedang,45363, Bandung, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective – This study conducts a workload analysis on state-owned companies in the health sector in BandungIndonesia. The study focuses on a company established on 6 August 1890, which is a manufacturer of vaccines and antisera, and is now developing into a life science company. The objective of Polio eradication by 2020 demands competitiveness and a change in organizational culture in order to increase organizational profits. There are two possible solutions to this phenomenon. From a technical perspective, the company has decided to undertake market expansion. From a psychological perspective, the company needs to change the attitude of its employees to effectively meet the competition. This situation raises problems for the human resources division of the company. First, it increases employee health problems such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and lower back pain, which increases health costs. Methodology/Technique – Based on the phenomena of excessive workload and the problems posed, this study aims to examine empirical data regarding the workload of the company. The workload analysis in this study is conducted in October 2016 using several methods such as discussions, interviews, questionnaires, and observation. The validation of the data is achieved using a triangulation methodology. Findings – The result show that, when comparing the fair amount workload index with the total number of employees in the company, there is a difference of 11.61%. The six directorates have 75-85% for effectiveness and 79-87% for efficiency. This shows that work load is not a contributing factor to the phenomena's described above in this company. Novelty – The research sheds light on the increasing need for counselling in companies. One of the leading reasons for this is employee work loads and the increase in some employees working overtime. These factors may lead to other problems such as family issues, low job satisfaction, discipline, and absenteeism. |
| Keywords: | Bandung; Health Sector; Indonesia; State-Owned Company; Workload Analysis. |
| JEL: | J80 J81 J89 |
| Date: | 2018–04–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr184&r=sea |
| By: | Stephan Kyburz, Huong Quynh Nguyen |
| Abstract: | Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) is regarded as a key engine of industrial growth and technological progress, especially in emerging markets. Regarding the relevance of geographic proximity between foreign and domestic firms for FDI spillover effects, there is yet little clear evidence, owing to a lack of precise location specific firm-level data. This paper presents the so far spatially most detailed analysis of FDI spillover effects by geo-referencing the census of Vietnamese enterprises for the period 2005 to 2010, allowing us to measure the changing presence of foreign invested firms around each domestic firm. We apply a first-differenced two-stageleast- squares estimator to identify spillover effects from proximate FDI exposure on TFP growth of domestic manufacturing firms. We find positive and significant within-industry (horizontal) spillover effects within radii of 2 to 10 km, that decay beyond. Importantly, in particular small and medium enterprises (SMEs) gain from foreign firms in their vicinity. Furthermore, vertical spillovers through forward and backward linkages to other manufacturing firms are localized, while vertical spillovers from foreign firms in the service sector are less geographically restricted. |
| Keywords: | foreign direct investment, spillover effects, geographic proximity, horizontal and vertical linkages |
| JEL: | D22 D24 F23 O12 O14 O33 R11 R32 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rdv:wpaper:credresearchpaper16&r=sea |
| By: | Astadi Pangarso (Faculty of Communication and Business, Telkom University Author-2-Name: Ibnu Harry Darmawan Author-2-Workplace-Name: Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi Terusan Buah Batu, 40257, Bandung, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Irmansyah Ihsanul Kamil Author-3-Workplace-Name: Telkom University, Jl. Telekomunikasi Terusan Buah Batu, 40257, Bandung, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective – The aim of this research is to test the correlation between the compensation variable to the performance of police hospital employees. The increasing trend of hospital patients in 2012 and 2013 indicates that competition among hospitals, particularly public hospitals, has increased. Therefore, as a hospital belonging to the classification of public hospitals, Bhayangkara Lv.(level) II Sartika Asih Bandung hospital should be able to improve its performance in order to compete with other public hospitals. Methodology/Technique – Overall achievement of performance objectives is still below target among hospitals, and the average performance on Bhayangkara Lv. II Sartika Asih Bandung hospital is no exception. This research uses descriptive research to examine 77 Bayangkara Lv.II Sartika Asih Bandung Police Hospital employees using proportional stratified random sampling. The analysis used in this research is a validity test, reliability test, simple linear regression analysis, coefficient determination, and T-test. Findings – The results of the determination coefficient test showed that compensation has an effect on employee performance (23.1% of Bhayangkara Lv. II Sartika Asih Bandung Hospital employees showed improved performance as a result of compensation). Novelty – The management of Bhayangkara Lv. II Sartika Asih Bandung Hospital should pay greater attention to the types of compensation provided to employees, to increase employee performance. |
| Keywords: | Compensation; Performance; Hospital; Employee Performance; Indonesia. |
| JEL: | M10 M11 M19 |
| Date: | 2018–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr182&r=sea |
| By: | Toan Ho Manh; Thu Trang Vuong; Manh Tung Ho; Hong Kong Nguyen-To; Quan-Hoang Vuong |
| Abstract: | A work of Vietnamese art crossed a million-dollar mark in the international art market in early 2017. The event was reluctantly seen as a sign of maturity from the Vietnamese art amidst the many existing problems. Even though the Vietnamese media has discussed the issues enthusiastically, there is a lack of literature from the Vietnamese academics examining the subject, and even rarer in from the market perspective. This paper aims to contribute an insightful perspective on the Vietnamese art market, and hesitantly the Vietnamese art as well, through the lens of fake, forgery and copy artworks. 35 cases of fake, forgery and copy paintings were found on the news and from the experts' wisdom. Through the examples, we argue that the Vietnamese art market is a temporary reaction to the immaturely rising of the Vietnamese art and the economy. Therefore, the art market is unable to function healthily unless the Vietnamese art and the economy developed. |
| Keywords: | Vietnamese art; Vietnamese art market; Vietnamese artist; fake painting; forgery artwork; plagiarism art |
| JEL: | D31 D53 Z11 |
| Date: | 2018–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/271459&r=sea |
| By: | Abu Zeid Mohd Arif (OECD); Lara Fleischer (OECD); Adam Bogiatzis (OECD); Hidekatsu Asada (OECD); Andrea Colombo (OECD); Koffi Zougbédé (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The Peace pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development encompasses a diverse range of issues including stability and effective governance. Reforming the public sector is high on the government’s agenda, but involves a number of challenges: the gap between planning and implementation of policy objectives remains large; insufficient public participation in policy making is undermining the efficient allocation of resources toward public needs and development goals; under-development of evidence-based regulations is hampering the creation of a business-friendly environment essential to high value-added activities; and high levels of perceived corruption are weakening business confidence and public trust in the government. Thailand’s 12th Economic and Social Development Plan emphasises the importance of public sector reform. It sets out measures to strengthen co-ordination across ministries and agencies aimed at improving implementation of policy programmes, boosting public participation in policy making, improving online access to government services and combating corruption by strengthening integrity measures. The upcoming 20-year National Strategy and the accompanying National Reform Plan are expected to pave the way for future development. However, an inclusive and consultative process will be essential to ensure the success of reform efforts. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-d imensional-review-thailand.htm) |
| Keywords: | competition, corruption, decentralisation, digital government, governance, institutions, KPIs, planning, reforms, RIAs, stakeholder engagement, trust |
| JEL: | H11 H70 L40 L50 O10 P41 P48 R50 |
| Date: | 2018–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1472-en&r=sea |
| By: | Lara Fleischer (OECD); Adam Bogiatzis (OECD); Hidekatsu Asada (OECD); Vincent Koen (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The People pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development focuses on quality of life in all its dimensions, and emphasises the international community’s commitment to ensuring all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity, equality and good health. Thailand’s path from a low-income to an upper-middle-income country over recent decades is widely hailed as a development success story. Poverty has fallen impressively and inequality is on a downwards trend, but more efforts are needed to reduce still widespread informality and persistent, substantial regional inequalities, and to further improve living standards, especially for those who currently work informally. To achieve these objectives, the government needs to: (i) consider tax and regulatory measures to encourage formalisation; (ii) boost the participation rates of informal workers in social protection schemes; (iii) expand adequate social safety nets for poor households and the elderly; (iv) prepare the healthcare system for an ageing and modernising society; and (v) improve the education system, particularly in rural areas. Gaps also remain in ensuring women’s political participation and reducing gender-based violence. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-d imensional-review-thailand.htm) |
| Keywords: | demographic change, education, gender equality, health care, inclusive growth, inequality, informality, labour market, pensions, poverty, regional development, social protection, well-being |
| JEL: | H55 I00 I12 I13 I18 I21 I25 I28 I30 I38 J08 J10 J26 |
| Date: | 2018–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1469-en&r=sea |
| By: | Samuel Bazzi; Matthew Gudgeon |
| Abstract: | This paper argues that redrawing subnational political boundaries can transform ethnic divisions. We use a natural policy experiment in Indonesia to show how the effects of ethnic diversity on conflict depend on the political units within which groups are organized. Redistricting along group lines can reduce conflict, but these gains are undone or even reversed when the new borders introduce greater polarization. These adverse effects of polarization are further amplified around majoritarian elections, consistent with strong incentives to capture new local governments in settings with ethnic favoritism. Overall, our findings illustrate the promise and pitfalls of redistricting in diverse countries. |
| JEL: | D72 D74 H41 H77 O12 Q34 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24625&r=sea |
| By: | Yahya Munawar Malik يحيى منور اقبال (Islamic Economics Institute King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia معهد الاقتصاد الإسلامي جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز – جدة – المملكة العربية السعودية) |
| Abstract: | Waqf is a philanthropic institution which is unique to Islam. Since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (may the mercy and blessings of Allah be upon him) through to the Ottoman Empire, millions of awq?f were set up by Muslims in every corner of the world. Unfortunately, when the Muslim world was colonized, the institution of waqf became one of the prime targets of the colonizers. The recent past has seen a marked interest in the revival of the waqf institution through-out the Muslim world. One such step was the establishment of the International Centre For Waqf Research (ICWR) in November 2013, under the auspices of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The present book being reviewed is the first major presentation of the Centre. يعتبر الوقف مؤسسة خيرية فريدة من نوعها ومن خصائص الدين الإسلامي. فمنذ زمن النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم) إلى عهد الدولة العثمانية، أقام المسلمون الملايين من الأوقاف في جميع أنحاء العالم. ولكن عندما استعمر العالم الإسلامي، استهدفت مؤسسة الوقف من قبل المستعمرين فألغوا كل ما أقامه المسلمون من آليات ومنشآت ونظم لإدارة الأوقاف وتنميتها. ولقد شهد الماضي القريب اهتماما ملحوظا بإحياء مؤسسة الوقف في العالم الإسلامي. وكانت إحدى هذه الخطوات إنشاء المركز الدولي لأبحاث الأوقاف في نوفمبر عام 2013م، تحت رعاية الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية في ماليزيا. والكتاب الحالي (موضوع هذا العرض) هو أول نتاج رئيسي للمركز. |
| Date: | 2018–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abd:jkaubr:41&r=sea |
| By: | Adam Bogiatzis (OECD); Hidekatsu Asada (OECD); Mohamed Rizwan Habeeb Rahuman (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The Partnerships pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development cuts across all the goals focusing on the mobilisation of resources needed to implement the agenda. Thailand’s “sufficiency economy philosophy” encourages the prioritisation of long-term sustainability over short-term benefits. As such, Thailand has a long history of fiscal prudence that has served the country well in times of economic and political instability. However, relying on current fiscal buffers to finance foreseeable expenditure pressures is not sufficient or sustainable. A rapidly ageing population and shrinking workforce will weigh on future public finances and on the ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. To ensure that Thailand is well placed over the medium term to meet growing social, environmental and infrastructure requirements, the government should: (i) increase tax revenues by broadening the tax base and enhancing collection efficiency; (ii) facilitate greater private sector investment in productive infrastructure; and (iii) reform the healthcare and pension systems to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-d imensional-review-thailand.htm) |
| Keywords: | Fiscal consolidation, healthcare, inclusive growth, pension, public-private partnerships, regional development, social protection, tax, transfer |
| JEL: | E62 H21 H30 H51 H54 H55 H61 H62 H63 H68 H70 |
| Date: | 2018–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1471-en&r=sea |
| By: | Nur Cahyadi; Rema Hanna; Benjamin A. Olken; Rizal Adi Prima; Elan Satriawan; Ekki Syamsulhakim |
| Abstract: | Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have spread worldwide, and are designed to promote comprehensive human capital investments in children, starting from encouraging pre-natal and maternal care and early childhood health interventions and continuing through incentivizing school attendance. Yet evaluating these claims over more than a few years is hard, as most CCT experiments extend the program to the control group after a short experimental period. This paper experimentally estimates the impacts of Indonesia’s cash transfer program (PKH) six years after the program launched, using data from about 14,000 households in 360 sub-districts across Indonesia, taking advantage of the fact that treatment and control locations remained largely intact throughout the period. We find that PKH continues to have large static incentive effects on many of the targeted indicators, increasing usage of trained health professionals for childbirth dramatically and halving the share of children age 7-15 who are not enrolled in school. Wage labor for 13-15 year olds was reduced by at least one-third. We also begin to observe impacts on outcomes that may require cumulative investments: for example, six years later, we observe large reductions in stunting and some evidence of increased high school completion rates. The results suggest that CCT investments can have substantial effects on the accumulation of human capital, and that these effects can persist even when programs are operating at large-scale without researcher intervention. |
| JEL: | I38 O10 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24670&r=sea |
| By: | Ma, Shujie (University of California, Riverside); Lan, Wei (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China); Su, Liangjun (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Tsai, Chih-Ling (University of California, Davis) |
| Abstract: | For conditional time-varying factor models with high dimensional assets, this article proposes a high dimensional alpha (HDA) test to assess whether there exist abnormal returns on securities (or portfolios) over the theoretical expected returns. To employ this test effectively, a constant coefficient test is also introduced. It examines the validity of constant alphas and factor loadings. Simulation studies and an empirical example are presented to illustrate the finite sample performance and the usefulness of the proposed tests. Using the HDA test, the empirical example demonstrates that the FF three-factor model (Fama and French, 1993) is better than CAPM (Sharpe, 1964) in explaining the mean-variance efficiency of both the Chinese and US stock markets. Furthermore, our results suggest that the US stock market is more efficient in terms of mean-variance efficiency than the Chinese stock market. |
| Keywords: | Conditional alpha test; High dimensional data; Mean-variance efficiency; Spline estimator; Time-varying coefficient |
| Date: | 2018–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2018_009&r=sea |
| By: | Jha, Saumitra (Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | I examine the conditions under which trade can support peaceful coexistence and prosperity when particular ethnic groups are cheap targets of violence. A simple theoretical framework reveals that for a broad set of cases, while inter-ethnic competition generates incentives for violence, the presence of non-replicable, non-expropriable inter-ethnic complementarities become necessary to sustain peaceful coexistence over long time horizons. In addition to complementarity, two further conditions are important for deterring violence over time. When relatively mobile ethnic groups (eg immigrants) are vulnerable, a credible threat to leave can deter violence. When less mobile (indigenous) groups are vulnerable, high monitoring costs that allow them to withhold production can improve their gains from trade. I describe the implications for indigenous entrepreneurship and cultural assimilation, the development of local institutions supporting inter-ethnic trust, immigration policies and policies aimed at mitigating ethnic violence through financial innovations. I illustrate these implications using contemporary evidence and historical cases of organizations and institutions created to engender trade and support peace drawn from Africa, Asia Europe and Latin America. |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:repec:ecl:stabus:3586&r=sea |
| By: | Ali Maskur (Faculty of Administrative Science, University of Brawijaya Author-2-Name: Siswidiyanto Author-2-Workplace-Name: Public Administration Department Universitas Brawijaya, MT. Haryono Road 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Hermawan Author-3-Workplace-Name: Public Administration Department Universitas Brawijaya, MT. Haryono Road 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Choirul Saleh Author-4-Workplace-Name: Public Administration Department Universitas Brawijaya, MT. Haryono Road 163, 65145, Malang, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective – This study examines the concept of knowledge management in higher education institutions, followed by a systematization of knowledge practices and tools to link several stakeholders in the process of knowledge management in higher education institutions and promote knowledge sharing across several key processes and services in higher education institutions. Methodology/Technique – This study uses a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods. The respondents include stakeholders in public administrative departments between the ages of 30 and 66. The number of respondents represents 20 to 30% of the total population. This study concludes that in general, the Department of Public Administration Universitas Brawijaya has successfully implemented the concept of knowledge management. However, a lack of knowledge and stakeholder acceptance has lead to less effective implementation. Findings – This research suggests that there is a need for new strategies to improve stakeholders' knowledge and acceptance of Department and University strategies. Novelty – The study proposes a framework to improve knowledge sharing and collaboration in higher education institutions, fostering an environment of continuous learning and discovery. The study also makes conclusion and suggestions for future work. |
| Keywords: | Higher Education; Knowledge Management; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge Collaboration; Public Administration. |
| JEL: | I23 O34 |
| Date: | 2018–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr183&r=sea |
| By: | Yi-Fan Chen (Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan); Wen-Tai Hsu (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Shin-Kun Peng (Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan) |
| Abstract: | We study a trade model with monopolistic competition a la Melitz (2003) that is standard except that firm heterogeneity is endogenously determined by firms investing to enhance their productivities. We show that the equilibrium productivity and firm-size distributions exhibit power-law tails under rather general conditions on demand and technology. In particular, the emergence of the power laws is essentially independent of the underlying primitive heterogeneity among firms. We explore the welfare implication of productivity investment, and find that it results in a higher welfare gains from trade than the Melitz-Pareto framework due to productivity investment. Our quantitative analysis shows that, conditional on the same trade elasticity and values of the common parameters, our model yields 36% higher welfare gains from trade than Melitz-Pareto and the margin due to productivity investment alone contributes 31% of the welfare gains. |
| Keywords: | : Productivity investment, power law, regular variation, welfare gains from trade, firm heterogeneity. |
| JEL: | F12 F13 F41 |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sin:wpaper:18-a006&r=sea |
| By: | Lee, Soohyung (Sogang University); Orsini, Chiara (London School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of an economic downturn on natality and birthweight for newborns when parents prefer sons. We examine South Korea, unexpectedly hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997. For identification, we exploit regional and time variation in the crisis, focusing on women who were already pregnant when the downturn began. We find that the number of girls would have been 2 percent higher absent the crisis and that birth outcomes for girls were no better than those for boys, findings that differ from the Trivers-Willard Hypothesis. This relative disadvantage of girls is more severe among newborns who have at least two older siblings. |
| Keywords: | fertility, birth outcomes, economic crisis, sex ratio, Trivers-Willard Hypothesis, scarring |
| JEL: | H0 I1 J1 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11531&r=sea |
| By: | I Putu Astawa (Tourism Business Management, State Polytechnic of Bali, Jimbaran 80361, Bali, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Tjokorda Gde Raka Sukawati Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of economics and Business, Udayana University, Jimbaran 80361 Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective – Local culture acts as a bridge in empowering the resources owned by a firm so they can operate harmoniously. This research tests the theory of local culture, internal marketing, and employee satisfaction in an effort to improve financial performance. Methodology/Technique – The research is supported by the existing phenomenon of increasing credit issues. The data is obtained from 1,364 questionnaires and is quantitatively analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling. A qualitative analysis is used to deepen the anomaly relationship through a phenomenological approach. Findings – The result show that local culture becomes the organizational culture, but has no direct influence on the improvement of performance. Indicators related to the environment have a very low contribution to the development of organizational culture. Internal marketing indicators, such as recruitment processes and internal communication, have a significant contribution on the achievement of financial performance. Further, employee satisfaction has a significant impact on the achievement of financial performance. Novelty – This study develops a new model that can be used to enhance financial performance. The integration of local culture into internal marketing and employee satisfaction is a relatively novel invention. |
| Keywords: | : Local Culture; Internal Marketing; Employee Satisfaction; Financial Performance; Microfinance Institutions; Bali. |
| JEL: | Z1 Z10 Z19 |
| Date: | 2018–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr185&r=sea |
| By: | Dominik Hartmann (IPC-IG); Cristian Jara-Figueroa (IPC-IG); Cesar Hidalgo (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Decades ago, Simon Kuznets proposed an inverted-u-shaped relationship describing the connection between a country's level of income and its level of income inequality. The Kuznets curve suggested that income inequality would first rise and then fall as a country's income moves from low to high levels. Yet the inverted-u-shaped relationship fails to hold when several Latin American countries are removed from the sample, and the upward side of the Kuznets curve has vanished in recent decades, as inequality in many low-income countries has increased. Moreover, several East Asian economies have grown from low to middle income while reducing their income inequality. These findings undermine the empirical robustness of the Kuznets curve, and indicate that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is a measure of economic development that is insufficient to explain variations in income inequality. Therefore, new measures of economic development are necessary". (?) |
| Keywords: | country, ability, generate, distribute, income, determined, productive, structure |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opager:369&r=sea |