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on South East Asia |
| By: | Towse, A.; Henshall, C. |
| Abstract: | The HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting 2013 was held in Seoul, 13th -14th June 2013. This was the first of several annual meetings of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum. The topic of the meeting was - How can the available resources be used most effectively to deliver high quality HTA that can be used by health system decision makers? This report represents the background paper for the meeting, as developed by OHE. The report begins by looking at the increasing interest in the use of HTA, how HTA has evolved, where HTA has got to in Asia. - The report then seeks to address the follow questions - What information do decision makers need? - How can HTA best meet these information needs? - How can HTA and decision making best be linked? The report also includes short appendices which provide an overview of the use of HTA in each of the health systems represented at the meeting - China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. The background papers from the [2014]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/transferability-hta#overlay-context=publications), [2015]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-can-hta-meet-needs-health-system-and-government-decision-makers) and [2016]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-value-budget-impact-and-affordability-inform-discussions-access-and) meeting are also available. |
| Keywords: | Economics of Health Technology Assessment |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2017–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:briefg:001838&r=sea |
| By: | Chakra Pani Acharya (National Planning Commission Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal); Roberto Leon-Gonzalez (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of remittances on economic growth using panel data (1975-2014) for 18 countries in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that are similar in size and development level. We allow for heterogeneous production functions across countries and calculate the average marginal effects of remittances using the panel dynamic ordinary least squares estimator. The estimation results show that remittances increase growth significantly, especially through investments in human capital. In addition we find that: (i) remittances have a modest impact on growth when controlling for physical and human capital channels through which remittances potentially affect output growth; (ii) when we do not control for human capital the effect is larger regardless of the sub-samples considered - the elasticity of output with respect to remittances is 7.3 percent in the full sample, and 18.6 percent among Asian countries ; (iii) remittances have a significant positive long-run effect on human capital formation regardless of the sub-samples considered but the effect on physical capital accumulation is significant only among middle income and Asian countries. The findings suggest that channeling the remittances towards investments in physical capital and adoption of new knowledge, skills and technology is crucial for high economic growth in low income countries. |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:18-01&r=sea |
| By: | Noh, Nadia Mohd; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | Energy plays a crucial role in the economic development of most economies. The causality nexus between energy consumption and economic growth is important in enacting energy consumption policy and environmental policy. This paper tries to investigate the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Thailand over the period from 1976 to 2014 applying NARDL approach. The main finding from the NARDL evidence cointegration among economic growth, energy consumption, capital formation and trade openness and found asymmetry is significant for both the long run and short run for economic growth, which implies that taking nonlinearity and asymmetry into account is important when studying the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. This paper also found that most of the independent variables are found to be significant in the long run compared to the short run. In addition, this paper also discerned Granger-causal chain between the variables through the application of VECM, VDC and IRF analyses. |
| Keywords: | Energy consumption, Economic growth, NARDL, VECM, VDC, Thailand |
| JEL: | C58 Q43 |
| Date: | 2017–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:86384&r=sea |
| By: | Malik, Meheroon Nisa Abdul; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | This study aims to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, capital formation and population by using data set of Malaysia for the period 1971–2014. An emerging economy like Malaysia has high energy consumption which is intensified by its growing population. Economic growth and energy consumption in Malaysia have been rising over the past several years. The motivation to this study is related to four policy objectives of Malaysia; economic growth, financial development, energy conservation and reduction on pollution. The auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to test the long run relationship among the variables, while short run dynamics were investigated using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Variance decomposition (VDC) technique was used to provide Granger causal relationship between the variables. The findings suggest that energy consumption is influenced by economic growth and financial development, both in the short and the long run. The population–energy relationship however only holds in the long run. The results have important policy implications for balancing economic growth vis-à-vis energy consumption for Malaysia, and other emerging nations to explore new and alternative sources of energy to meet the rising demand of energy to sustain economic growth. |
| Keywords: | GDP, Energy consumption, Financial Development, Capital, Population Growth, Malaysia |
| JEL: | C58 E44 |
| Date: | 2017–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:86374&r=sea |
| By: | Hampson, G.; Towse, A.; Henshall, C. |
| Abstract: | The 2015 meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting was held in Singapore, 29th -30th October 2015. The topic of the meeting was - How can HTA meet the needs of health system and government decision makers? This report represents the background paper for the meeting, as developed by OHE. The report sets out the issues to be addressed in considering where and when HTA could be a useful aid for decision making, what HTA can be used to achieve, and where the evidence for HTA can be obtained from (including a brief recap of the [transferability discussions in the 2014 meeting of the AHPF]( http://www.ohe.org/system/files/private/publications/HTAi%20AsiaForumBackground2014.pdf)). The final section considers how decision makers can combine all the relevant criteria and information to arrive at a decision; we discuss the spectrum of approaches from deliberative to more structured decision making processes including the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Various different approaches to MCDA could be used to add structure and transparency to decision making processes, and pilots conducted in Asia have been reported favourably. MCDA has not, however, been widely adopted in health care decision making to date. The background papers from the [2013]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/hta-and-decision-making-asia-how-can-available-resources-be-used-most-effectively#overlay-context=publications/transferability-hta), [2014]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/transferability-hta#overlay-context=publications) and [2016]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-value-budget-impact-and-affordability-inform-discussions-access-and) meeting are also available. |
| Keywords: | Economics of Health Technology Assessment |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2017–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:briefg:001836&r=sea |
| By: | Larionova, Marina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Shelepov, Andrey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Sakharov, Andrey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Lanshina, Tatiana (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Despite the suspension of the process of Russia's accession to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2014, in the long term membership in the OECD remains one of the priorities of Russian foreign policy. In this regard, the study of foreign experience in the practical implementation of OECD acts is relevant from the point of view of possible borrowing of best practices and their adaptation to Russian realities. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the experience of the major developing countries of the BRICS and Indonesia in implementing the provisions of the three OECD mechanisms - the Principles of Corporate Governance, the BEPS Project and the Framework Investment Concept. The study examined the policies of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa in areas affected by the mechanisms under consideration, identified and analyzed the best practices on the basis of which recommendations were made to improve the effectiveness of Russian policy in the relevant sectors. |
| Keywords: | OECD, corporate governance, financial regulation, taxation, investment, dilution of the tax base and income transfer |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:041815&r=sea |
| By: | Quoc-Anh Do (Département d'économie); Kieu-Trang Nguyen (London School of Economics and Political Science); Anh N. Tran (Indiana University) |
| Abstract: | We study patronage politics in authoritarian Vietnam, using an exhaustive panel of ranking officials from 2000 to 2010 to estimate their promotions' impact on infrastructure in their hometowns of patrilineal ancestry. Native officials' promotions lead to a broad range of hometown infrastructure improvement. Hometown favoritism is pervasive across all ranks, even among officials without budget authority, except among elected legislators. Favors are narrowly targeted toward small communes that have no political power, and are strengthened with bad local governance and strong local family values. The evidence suggests a likely motive of social preferences for hometown. |
| Keywords: | patronage politics; Vietnam; hometown |
| JEL: | D72 H76 O15 O17 O18 P25 Z13 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/sj22pruud8a7b8cdlvom4sbtp&r=sea |
| By: | Jaehyuk Choi |
| Abstract: | Contrary to the common view that exact pricing is prohibitive owing to the curse of dimensionality, this study proposes an efficient and unified method for pricing options under multivariate Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) models, such as the basket, spread, and Asian options. The option price is expressed as a quadrature integration of analytic multi-asset BSM prices under a single Brownian motion. Then the state space is rotated in such a way that the quadrature requires much coarser nodes than it would otherwise or low varying dimensions are reduced. The accuracy and efficiency of the method is illustrated through various numerical experiments. |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1805.03172&r=sea |
| By: | Nugraheni, Reninta Dewi; Widodo, Tri |
| Abstract: | ASEAN is one of dynamic and fast growing economic regionalism. ASEAN has shown rapid growth in trade liberalization with the free trade agreement (FTA), established with China Korea, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the free trade agreement between ASEAN-China (ACFTA), ASEAN-Korea (AKFTA), ASEAN-Japan (AJCEP), ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand (AANZFTA). The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database version 9 are applied with the partial and full liberalization scenarios. The GTAP simulations results shows that ACFTA provides a greater positive impact than the other FTAs for each region. In the long run, the welfare of each region has increased, the trade balance has decreased, the volume of exports and imports has increased. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN, Free Trade Agreement, Tariff Liberalisation, GTAP Simulations |
| JEL: | F14 F17 |
| Date: | 2018–03–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:86693&r=sea |
| By: | Hampson, G.; Towse, A.; Henshall, C. |
| Abstract: | The 2016 meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur, 17th -18th November 2016. The topic of the meeting was - Assessing Value, Budget Impact and Affordability to Inform Discussions on Access and Reimbursement - Principles and Practice, with Special Reference to High Cost Technologies. This report represents the background paper for the meeting, as developed by OHE. The paper begins with a discussion of how value can be defined, measured and factored into decisions on access and coverage. Next, the paper looks at how budget impact and affordability can be defined and measured - we explain how different countries have adopted different approaches to how and when budget impact has been included within the decision making process, and outline several different scenarios around affordability challenges. The final section considers whether high cost interventions call for new approaches to assessment and/or reimbursement, drawing on the recent high profile example of Sovaldi for the treatment of Hepatitis C. The background papers from the [2013]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/hta-and-decision-making-asia-how-can-available-resources-be-used-most-effectively#overlay-context=publications/transferability-hta), [2014]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/transferability-hta#overlay-context=publications) and [2015]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-can-hta-meet-needs-health-system-and-government-decision-makers) meeting are also available. Please note [a report of this meeting]( https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-technology-assessment-in-health-care/article/assessing-value-budget-impact-and-affordability-in-asia/4E4E7B24262B1A7D12CF3E63824D5EC6)has also been published in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. |
| Keywords: | Economics of Health Technology Assessment |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2017–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:briefg:001835&r=sea |
| By: | Cole, A.; Chan, A.; Mujoomdar, M.; Pichler, F.; Towse, A. |
| Abstract: | This report provides a detailed summary of a panel session which took place at the HTAi 2016 annual meeting, Tokyo. The panel session was entitled 'How Can HTA in Asia-Pacific Respond to Increased Clinical Uncertainty as a Consequence of Expedited US and EU Regulatory Processes?' and was chaired by Franz Pichler (Eli Lilly & Company). |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2016–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:briefg:001740&r=sea |
| By: | Larionova, Marina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Shelepov, Andrey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Sakharov, Andrey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Kolmar, Olga (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Safonkina, Elizaveta (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Popova, Irina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Lazutina, Irina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This study is aimed at a comprehensive study of the New Development Bank and the Asian Bank for Infrastructure Investments, assessing their potential role in transforming the global financial architecture and addressing the investment deficit in infrastructure, analyzing the prospects for interaction with national and international development banks. |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:041814&r=sea |
| By: | Barnsley, P.; Hampson, G.; Towse, A.; Henshall, C. |
| Abstract: | The second HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting (2014) was held in Manilla, 10th -11th June 2014. The topic of the meeting was - Transferability of HTA. This report represents the background paper for the meeting, as developed by OHE. HTA is a tool to support health systems to make decisions about allocating their limited health care resources. In turn, HTA needs to be efficient and effective if investment in HTA is to be a sensible use of money. One important part of ensuring this will be to avoid duplication of effort by making the best possible use of existing information, and ensuring that when resources devoted to HTA are generating new information, it is likely to be of sufficient value to justify its cost. This background paper sets out the issues to be addressed in considering when health systems can benefit from the transfer of HTA processes, decisions and/or data. We discuss the different kinds of decisions that may or may not be transferred, the different degrees of transfer possible, and how decisions can be adapted to different contexts. Overall, we conclude that some of the barriers to transferability may be lower than is generally believed. The background papers from the [2013]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/hta-and-decision-making-asia-how-can-available-resources-be-used-most-effectively#overlay-context=publications/transferability-hta), [2015]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-can-hta-meet-needs-health-system-and-government-decision-makers) and [2016]( https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-value-budget-impact-and-affordability-inform-discussions-access-and) meeting are also available. |
| Keywords: | Economics of Health Technology Assessment |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2017–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:briefg:001837&r=sea |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "The Kingdom of Bahrain is a small archipelago in the Persian Gulf. With approximately 1.4 million inhabitants, Bahrain has the second smallest population in the region, after Djibouti. In 2016 about a quarter of the population (334,791) were younger than 18 years of age, and 7.5 per cent (106,770) were children under the age of 5. More than half of the population are non-Bahraini, coming mostly from South and South-East Asia". (...) |
| Keywords: | Non-contributory, social protection, child, equity, lens, Bahrain |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:oparab:384&r=sea |
| By: | Zoubida Sebane (University of Mohamed Ben Ahmed, Oran 2); Mimouna Zitouni (University of Mohamed Ben Ahmed, Oran 2) |
| Abstract: | Does linguistic democracy exist or is it only a lull? Linguists and politicians believe that it has never existed, not even in countries where political democracy is a tribute to preserve. They rather believe there are only dominating and dominated languages.The dominating languages are explained by the number of people who speak a language. Presently, the US and China are respectively illustrative examples of dominance and dominating languages in the world. English ranks first in the top ten world’s most important languages and Chinese is gaining supremacy over many other languages. The dominating languages are hegemonic that means their use covers indoor and offshore territories. The dominated languages therefore are considered second-class languages, they are disregarded. This linguistic attitude has always prevailed in the world. The transfer of a dominant language to other people is considered to be a demonstration of power, traditionally, military power but also, in the modern world, economic power, and aspects of the dominant culture are usually transferred implicitly. The power of a country explains the extension of its language. English, Spanish and Portuguese are the dominant languages of the Americas. In Africa, the languages of some of the colonizing powers like Great Britain, France and Portugal are more firmly entrenched than ever, as English is in several Asian countries. This study will concentrate on highlighting issues related to linguistic dominance which could help to clarify whether the winning of independence can lead to language recovery or not. |
| Keywords: | Language, dominating, dominated, power, hegemony |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:tpaper:014&r=sea |