|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Rutsaert, Pieter; Demont, Matty |
| Abstract: | Although Vietnam is one of the biggest rice exporters today, there is an urgent need to restructure the sector. To guide the transition from a quantity focused producer to a credible supplier of high quality rice, this study explores the diversity in value chains and the sector’s opportunities for sustainable value chain upgrading. During a participatory multi-stakeholder workshop participants from the public as well as the private sector were guided through several collective tasks to uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the Vietnamese rice sector, and the opportunities and threats (SWOT) the sector faces to become more sustainable. Subsequently, a Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the SWOT components. Results show that the stakeholders perceive the sector’s capability to grasp opportunities (including growing export and domestic markets) to be higher than its resilience to potential threats (including more stringent food safety regulations and global warming). Three different strategies are discussed for making rice value chains more sustainable: embodying, disembodying and internalizing sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212204&r=sea |
| By: | Bin Ni (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | Technology spillover induced by foreign direct investment has been proved to be an important channel to boost the productivity growth of local firms in the host country, especially in the context of developing economies. However, the empirical evidence remains inconsistent as to what extent the scale of spillover is affected by the productivity gap between foreign investors and local firms. This paper attempts to make clear such mechanism by applying Vietnamese firm-level data. Focusing on Asian investors, we show that the relationship between the productivity gap and vertical spillover takes an inverted-U shape. To be specific, we use stepwise chow test to decide on the cutoff value of total factor productivity (TFP) as the grouping criteria, and divide investors into low, middle and high-TFP groups. The results reveal that local suppliers in Vietnam can benefit the most from the Asian investors with middle-level TFP, whereas the benefits from the other two groups fade away. The finding is strongly robust even after we control the other spillover-influential factors such as firms' own effort to innovate, foreign firms' ownership, country and industry heterogeneity, and no matter whether we use stochastic frontier or Levinsohn & Petrin measurement of TFP. It thus provides novel evidence that investors with advanced technology do not necessarily diffuse their know-how to local partners. This implies it is important that both Vietnamese local firms and investors with superior technology work in the same direction to stimulate more corporations with each other. |
| Keywords: | technology spillover, productivity gap, firm-level data, Vietnam |
| JEL: | D22 F21 Q56 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:1604&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Nghia Bien (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development) |
| Abstract: | The North Upland of Vietnam is characterized by biophysical, social and cultural diversity as well as its important role in the national economy’s development. However, the region, like those in other developing countries, suffers from serious environmental problems such as deforestation, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity and unsustainable livelihoods. Major causes are attributed to ineffective institutional arrangements such as inadequate property rights and enforcement, lack of local participation and empowerment, and misguided government policies. This research project began in early 1999 with financial and technical supports from the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA). It aimed to determine the better institutional structures for promoting sustainable forest management in the North Upland using the multiple criteria decision making and participatory approaches. In other words, the project assessed and compared various forest management regimes against different socio-economic, environmental and institutional variables. Methods used in this research included Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Criteria and Indicators (C&Is) Framework (CIFOR approach) and Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). PRA is used to learn about rural livelihoods and identify problems emerging from forest resource management and use, making sure that all information from the grassroots, including their views, interests and desires, is taken into consideration. C&Is Framework is widely used by CIFOR to test and develop C&Is for sustainable forest management in various locations around the world. It can result in a number of context-specific and locally adapted C&Is which are used for further treatment with MCDA. TopDec, one of the recently developed MCDA programs, was chosen for data analysis. |
| Keywords: | Forest management, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016052&r=sea |
| By: | Chen, Ching-mu; Kumagai, Satoru |
| Abstract: | A plan to construct a canal through the Kra Isthmus in Southern Thailand has been proposed many times since the 17th century. The proposed canal would become an alternative route to the over-crowded Straits of Malacca. In this paper, we attempt to utilize a Geographical Information System (GIS) to calculate the realistic distances between ports that would be affected by the Kra Canal and to estimate the economic impact of the canal using a simulation model based on spatial economics. We find that China, India, Japan, and Europe gain the most from the construction of the canal, besides Thailand. On the other hand, the routes through the Straits of Malacca are largely beneficial to Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia, besides Singapore. Thus, it is beneficial for all ASEAN member countries that the Kra Canal and the Straits of Malacca coexist and complement one another. |
| Keywords: | Asia, Thailand, Canals, Economic geography, Transportation, Kra Canal, Malacca Straits, GIS, Simulation model |
| JEL: | R13 R40 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper568&r=sea |
| By: | May Arunanondchai (Department of Economics, University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | An applied general equilibrium model of the global trade in forest products has been used to assess the impact of tariff and export tax reductions on forestry, the wood processing sector and the agricultural sector. The focus of this study is on Malaysia and Indonesia and the implications for their forest resources. Three key results have emerged: firstly, trade liberalisation does not necessarily lead to increased log production since the real producer’s price does not always rise. Secondly, the Uruguay Round tariff changes may make forestry a less-attractive form of land use when compared with agriculture. Thirdly, the proliferation of log export barriers amongst tropical countries has a cartel-like effect; thus elimination of such barriers may be detrimental to tropical exporters. |
| Keywords: | Trade Policy,Welfare,Timber Exporters,Forest Resources |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016056&r=sea |
| By: | Kopp, Thomas; Brummer, Bernhard |
| Abstract: | While traders of agricultural products are known to often exercise market power, this power has rarely been quantified for developing countries. In order to derive a measure, we estimate the traders' revenue functions and calculate the Marginal Value Products directly from them. We subsequently find determinants affecting their individual market power. An exceptional data set with detailed information on the business practices of rubber traders in Jambi, Indonesia is employed. Results show that market power at the traders' level exists and is substantial. This market power is amplified in situations of extreme remoteness, and weakens with increasing market size. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212012&r=sea |
| By: | Mai Van Nam (School of Economics and Business Administration, Can Tho University); Nguyen Tan Nhan (Can Tho University); Bui Van Trinh (Can Tho University); Pham Le Thong (Can Tho University) |
| Abstract: | The management systems evaluated consists of buffer zone management system, strict protection, joint venture, and family/household commercial management system in the Melaluaca Forests of Mekong River Delta. Household survey in the four study sites consisting of Song Trem (contract household and joint venture-JV), Tram Chim (buffer Zone), Vo Doi (strict protection) and Giong Rieng (family/household commercial farms) was undertaken. The results of the study showed that forest products do not contribute much to the household income, especially in the light of the existing logging ban policy. The farmers had to rely mainly on rice farming, that is characterized by low yields, and on non-and off-farm activities such as hired labor that are highly seasonal and unstable. JV households are given very large land areas but earn less income from their forestlands. Harvesting of the forest is not allowed, which is potentially a big source of income for the JV households. Similarly, Buffer zone-contract households and those in the strict protection zone have not been able to benefit from their investment in forest management. There is therefore very little incentive to continue forest management activities for these households. The same cannot be 2 said for family/household commercial farms in forestland with about 50 years contract—where virtually “private ownership” exists. Income levels for this group are much higher, coming mostly from forestlands, with agriculture as the major land use system. |
| Keywords: | Forest Management Systems,Mekong River Delta, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016060&r=sea |
| By: | Moser, Stefan; Mubhoff, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Palm oil production creates negative externalities, e.g., through intensive fertiliser application. Policies to limit externalities need an effective, sustainable and efficient measure We use a business simulation game in a framed field experiment in Indonesia to test ex ante different incentives for reducing such negative externalities. This setting allows inclusion of adequate contextual features, required for reasonable ex ante evaluation of policy measures. The different designs of the test incentives (either a reward or punishment) varied in their magnitude and probability of occurrence but with constant effects on expected income. Results show that participants react differently to these incentives, indicating that the design can contribute significantly to effectiveness, sustainability or efficiency. A high reward with a low probability was found to be the most effective and sustainable incentive. Moreover, for the most efficient design, a low and certain reward is indicated. |
| Keywords: | Ex ante policy impact analysis, reward, punishment, framed field experiment, business simulation game, palm oil production, Indonesia, fertiliser use, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, C91, Q18, Q52, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212475&r=sea |
| By: | Otsuka, Keijiro; Liu, Yanyan; Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | Farms throughout Asia are predominantly small. By nature, small farms use labour-intensive production methods. The question arises as to the viability of small farms in the face of the rapidly increasing wage rate in most Asian countries. There is also indication that the production efficiency of small farms has declined relative to large farms in many other Asian economies, indicating the increasing disadvantage of small farms in Asia. Therefore, this study argues that unless new policy measures are taken to expand farm size, Asia as a whole is likely to lose comparative advantage in agriculture and become an importer of food grains in the future |
| Keywords: | Small farms, viability, large farms, mechanization, Asia, Farm Management, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212721&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Viet Cuong (Institute of Public Policy and Management, National Economics University); Vu Thieu (Vietnam); Pham Minh Thu (Vietnam); Nguyen Xuan Truong (Ministry of Health of Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Clean water is essential for human survival, yet many people do not have access to clean water in Vietnam. Only around 23 percent of the population had access to piped water in 2006. Other households have to use water from wells, rivers, and ponds without any purification. This study measured the effect of piped water on household welfare using difference-in-differences estimators on panel data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys. Results showed a positive effect of piped water on household income and labor supply, but these were not statistically significant. Piped water showed a negative effect on sickness of household members, but this was also not statistically significant. |
| Keywords: | piped water, welfare, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016044&r=sea |
| By: | Pham Thai Hung (National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam); Bui Anh Tuan (National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam); Nguyen The Chinh (National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the impact of trade liberalization on the environment in Vietnam. In particular it looks at the link between the amount of pollution produced by the country’s manufacturing industries and the degree to which this is affected by trade liberalization policies. The study was carried out by Pham Thai Hung, Bui Anh Tuan and Nguyen The Chinh, from Vietnam’s National Economics University. It finds that trade liberalization in the country exacerbates industrial pollution at both the firm and industry level. This trade-off is worrying as Vietnam has recently become a WTO member and further trade liberalization commitments are now in the pipeline. In light of their findings, the researchers recommend that the environmental impact of any future trade reforms should be carefully considered and that steps should be taken to mitigate any potential negative effects such reforms might have.They suggest that polluting industries should be given priority in any clean-up programme. They highlight key steps which can be taken to help reduce pollution, including the strict enforcement of environmental regulations support to promoting information technology application and technology advancement in the manufacturing sector. |
| Keywords: | Trade, impact, vietnam, pollution |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016042&r=sea |
| By: | Trifkovic, Neda |
| Abstract: | Using an original dataset from the Vietnamese catfish sector, I analyze the impact of vertical coordination options, namely contract farming and vertical integration on farm performance. Farm performance is measured in terms of yield and revenue per hectare. The effects of vertical coordination are estimated using a maximum simulated likelihood estimator and a two-stage least square regression with instrumental variables to account for exogenous farm and household characteristics and the sample selection bias. The results show that vertically integrated farms have substantially higher yields and revenue per hectare than non-integrated farms. The levels of gains, which can be attributed to integration, are large and consistent under different estimation procedures. There is no difference between non-integrated and contract farms in terms of farm performance. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:211930&r=sea |
| By: | Gem B. Castillo (Resource and Environmental Economics Foundation of the Philippines, Inc. (REAP)); Somaly Chan (Department of Nature Conservation & Protection, Ministry of Environment Cambodia); Li Wenjun (Department of Environmental Management, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University); Li Yanbo (Visayas State University); H. Luthfi Fatah (Lambung Mangkurat University); Sivannakone Malivarn (Water Resources and Environment Administration); Kian Foh Lee (WWF-Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia Office-HQ)); Alexander D. Anda, Jr (Resources, Environment And Economic Center For Studies (REECS)); Prinyarat Laengcharoen (Thailand Development Research Institute); Pham Duc Chien (Forest Science Institute of Vietnam (FSIV)); Benoit Laplante (EEPSEA) |
| Keywords: | Assessment, Protected Area, Southeast Asia |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160426&r=sea |
| By: | Shaufique Sidique (Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia); Kusairi Mohd Noh (Universiti Putra Malaysia); Gazi Md Nurul Islam (Universiti Putra Malaysia); Aswani Farhana Mohd Noh (Universiti Putra Malaysia) |
| Keywords: | Artificial reefs, fishers, Malaysia |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160432&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Van Kien (An Giang University) |
| Keywords: | Mekong delta, Flood, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160458&r=sea |
| By: | Hayakawa, Kazunobu; Laksanapanyakul, Nuttawut; Yoshimi, Taiyo |
| Abstract: | This study examines how the importing process time affects export patterns at an establishment level. We first theoretically discuss the effects of import time on not only exports but also export shipment frequency and exports per shipment. Then, we derive some propositions regarding those effects. Next, by employing highly detailed customs data for Thailand from 2007 to 2011, we empirically investigate those propositions. In this study, the time to import is measured at an establishment level using the difference between the dates on which import shipments arrived in ports and then were released from the container yard. Our main finding is that a longer time reduces total exports, particularly through decreasing export frequency. Significantly negative effects on exports per shipment appear in some specific cases. A longer time to import also reduces total imports, particularly through decreasing import frequency. |
| Keywords: | Thailand, International trade, Econometric model, Customs, Time |
| JEL: | F15 F53 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper566&r=sea |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | Globalized production networks, or global value chains, provide an opportunity for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to upscale their business models and to grow across borders. This process can enhance SME competitiveness, create more jobs, and promote inclusive growth in developing Asia. The Asian Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank Institute recognize the importance of integrating SMEs into global value chains. To provide pathways for such integration, this study examines ways of encouraging participation in value chains, and explores policy solutions to address the financial and nonfinancial barriers faced by these enterprises. |
| Keywords: | small and medium enterprise; global value chains; sme finance; production networks; supply chain finance; trade finance; SME internationalization |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt157679-2&r=sea |
| By: | Sanglestsawai, Santi; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Yorobe, Jose M. Jr. |
| Abstract: | Economic Impacts of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Farmer Field Schools (FFS): Evidence from Onion Farmers in the Philippines |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212691&r=sea |
| By: | Phumsith Mahasuweerachai (Department of Economics, Faculty of Management Sciences, Khon Kaen University); Piyaluk Buddhawongsa (Chiang Mai University) |
| Keywords: | Adaptation,Flood Disasters,Mekong River Basin,Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr20160330&r=sea |
| By: | Pham Khanh Nam (Environmental Economics Unit, University of Economics-HCMC) |
| Keywords: | Governance, Development, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb2016045&r=sea |
| By: | Agarwal, Sumit (National University of Singapore); He, Jia (National University of Singapore); Liu, Haoming (National University of Singapore); Png, I. P. L. (National University of Singapore); Sing, Tien Foo (National University of Singapore); Wong, Wei-Kang (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | For most people, buying a home is their single largest financial commitment. Previous research shows that Chinese buyers pay less for homes with unlucky addresses and more for homes with lucky addresses. Using Singapore data on housing transactions combined with a plethora of individual buyer characteristics including ethnicity, age, nationality, education, and employment, we study the source of these preferences. We find evidence that buyers are heterogeneous. Consistent with superstition, older people, those who suffered from more traffic accidents, and people buying new apartments have stronger preference for lucky addresses, while people with Western names and senior public-sector employees have weaker preference. Consistent with conspicuous spending, people with Western names, senior public-sector employees, and people buying in luxury districts have weaker preference for lucky addresses. |
| Keywords: | superstition, conspicuous spending, real estate, prices, behavioral economics |
| JEL: | D1 R3 Z1 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9899&r=sea |
| By: | FitzGerald, John; Chi, Pho Thi Kim; Lam, Do Van; Ha, Hoang; Huong, Luong; Dung, Tran |
| Abstract: | This paper considers the factors determining the long-run behaviour of the Vietnamese economy. Using a macro-economic model of the Vietnamese economy it considers some of the factors that have contributed to growth over the last decade and also some of the policy options for the rest of the decade. |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp526&r=sea |
| By: | Gem B. Castillo (Resource and Environmental Economics Foundation of the Philippines, Inc. (REAP)); Somaly Chan (Department of Nature Conservation & Protection, Ministry of Environment Cambodia); Li Wenjun (Department of Environmental Management, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University); Li Yanbo (Visayas State University); H. Luthfi Fatah (Lambung Mangkurat University); Sivannakone Malivarn (Water Resources and Environment Administration); Kian Foh Lee (WWF-Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia Office-HQ)); Alexander D. Anda, Jr (Resources, Environment And Economic Center For Studies (REECS)); Prinyarat Laengcharoen (Thailand Development Research Institute); Pham Duc Chien (Forest Science Institute of Vietnam (FSIV)); Benoit Laplante (EEPSEA) |
| Keywords: | Fiscal Gaps,Protected Areas, Southeast Asia |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr20160322&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Thi Y Ly (Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Agriculture and Forestry); Pham Thanh Nam (Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Agriculture and Forestry) |
| Keywords: | payment for enviromental services, Southeast Asia |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160438&r=sea |
| By: | Adis Isangkura (National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Thailand) |
| Keywords: | Thailand, valuation, national park |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb2016047&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Thi Y Ly (Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Agriculture and Forestry) |
| Keywords: | Vietnam, Payment for Forest Environmental Services |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160442&r=sea |
| By: | Jaimie Kim Bayani Arias (Department of Economics, College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños); Vicente G. Ballaran, Jr. (University of the Philippines Los Baños); Maria Emilinda T. Mendoza (University of the Philippines Los Baños); Rowena A. Dorado (University of the Philippines Los Baños); Bessie M. Burgos (SEARCA) |
| Keywords: | Flood, Adaptation, Economic Assessment, Philippines |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160434&r=sea |
| By: | Darmawan, Rivayani; Klasen, Stephan; Nuryartono, Nunung |
| Abstract: | Indonesia now has the highest deforestation rate in the world, with an average increase of about 47,600 ha per year. As a result, the nation is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world and is putting its rich biodiversity at risk. Although the literature discussing the political economy of Indonesia commercial's logging is growing, only a small amount focuses on the relation-ship between migration and deforestation. Migration may contribute to the forest cover change, as migrants often face serious constraints from the local residents in claiming the land, and thus tend to find new forest land which can be used as a means of living or converted into an agricultural planta-tion. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between recent in-migration and deforestation in Indonesia. By combining available population census data with the satellite image data MODIS, we find a significant positive relationship between migration and deforestation at the district level using a fixed effects panel econometric framework. The results also suggest that the expanding oil palm production is one significant driver for the fast disappearance of Indonesia's forest. |
| Keywords: | deforestation,migration,oil palm,Indonesia |
| JEL: | Q23 R14 J61 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:crc990:19&r=sea |
| By: | Arriya Mungsunti (Charles Stuart University) |
| Abstract: | The muang fai irrigation system is a traditional, small-scale, communal irrigation system that has been practiced for centuries in northern Thailand. The value of this traditional system is currently being challenged by modernization, specifically through the introduction of various alternative irrigation technologies, such as the privately-owned underground pump irrigation. This study attempted to determine the various factors that influence farmers’ participation in the muang fai Sop Rong in Chiang Mai province and compared this traditional irrigation system with the underground pump irrigation system by determining which is better in terms of generating economic and environmental benefits. To do this, longan growing farmers, both muang fai system members and those who use underground pumps, were surveyed. The data generated was used to estimate a Logistic model of muang fai participation in an attempt to explain what factors affect the likelihood of a farmer joining the muang fai instead of installing underground pump irrigation. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique was used to estimate the impact of muang fai participation on farm productivity and water use efficiency. Study results suggest that farm characteristics and several social and economic factors influence the possibility of muang fai participation. Results indicate that the farm’s distance to the closest muang fai canal strongly affects farmer participation. The size of the farm is also found to be quite a strong predictor of farmer participation. The relationship is found to be non-linear where probability of participation in muang fai first increases with farm size, but then decreases after a point. |
| Keywords: | Irrigation system, farming, water efficiency, Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016048&r=sea |
| By: | Orapan Nabangchang (School of Economics, Sukhothai Thammatirat Open University); Maura Allaire (University of North Carolina); Prinyarat Leangcharoen (School of Economics, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University); Rawadee Jarungrattanapong (School of Economics, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University); Dale Whittington (University of North Carolina) |
| Keywords: | Flood, Thailand, cost, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160420&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen, Duc Loc; Grote, Ulrike |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the factors determining the length of migration and return plans of rural migrants within Vietnam. The findings shows that migrants coming from rural households that faced a higher number of idiosyncratic shocks increase their stays in the cities, while those from original households that experienced transient shocks shorten the length of their stays in the cities. An increased length of migration is also observed among migrants and households with higher human capital. A decreased income gap between destination and original provinces due to the higher economic growth of original places also increases the duration of migration. The results of the analysis on the migration intensity imply that the plans of migrants to return not only increase in case they face shocks in the cities, but also with the improvement of the living conditions at their original places. |
| Keywords: | Migration Intensity, Length of Migration, Random-Effect Tobit Regression, Vietnam, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital, D13, J28, J61, O15, O18, Z13, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:229380&r=sea |
| By: | Ngoc, Pham Thi; Meuwissen, Miranda; Le, Tru; Bosma, Roel; Verreth, Johan; Lansink, Alfons G.J.M. |
| Abstract: | A growing number of European customers’ demands certified pangasius such as ASC in order to ensure sustainable production. Implementing Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) contributes to an improved water quality, a key issue in achieving ASC certification. This study uses a choice experiment to measure farmers’ preferences for RAS in pangasius production in Vietnam. The farmers’ choice for RAS is positively affected by enhanced yield levels and achievement of ASC certification with price premium. Also the area of farming is found to be important, i.e. farmers in saltwater intrusion areas are more likely to implement RAS. Main constraints are availability of finance and lack of trust in receiving the ASC price premium. To stimulate the adoption of RAS, policies can provide interest subsidies on loans to finance RAS investment, while retailers could ensure a price premium for ASC certified pangasius. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212632&r=sea |
| By: | Ma. Angeles O. Catelo (University of the Philippines Los Baños); Moises A. Dorado (University of the Philippines Los Baños); Elpidio Agbisit, Jr. (University of the Philippines Los Baños) |
| Keywords: | Philippines,Pollution control, piggeries |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016054&r=sea |
| By: | Jaime Alcaide Arranz (Department of Quantitative Economics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid); Simón Sosvilla-Rivero (Department of Quantitative Economics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | En las últimas décadas ha tenido lugarun importante desarrollo de la banca islámica y de las finanzas islámicas en general. En países como Malasia, Arabia Saudí o Bangladesh ésta ha experimentado una expansión significativa frente a la banca convencional. En Indonesia, el país con la mayor población musulmana del mundo, el desarrollo de la banca islámica está siendo más tardío. El análisis de su nacimiento e impulso pone de manifiesto las ventajas y desafíos del sector. Su peso es aún relativamente reducido pero el avance del sector financiero islámico, con un mayor impulso del mercado de capitales islámico siguiendo el ejemplo de Malasia, podría ser un factor positivo para una mejor canalización del ahorro hacia la inversión productiva en el país. En cualquier caso es conveniente que se produzcan mejoras en términos de eficiencia en el sector bancario en general y en la banca islámica en particular. |
| Keywords: | Banca islámica, Finanzas islámicas, Sector financiero, Indonesia |
| JEL: | N25 D52 E58 G15 G21 |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aee:wpaper:1607&r=sea |
| By: | Hoang Trieu Huy (Department of Economics and Development Studies, The College of Economics, Hue University, 100 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Climate change will have impacts that add to the list of yet-unknown underlying processes. Hazards and vulnerability can change over time not only in intensity, frequency, and in location and duration, but also in importance and interest. This case study aimed at understanding the role of information and local institutions in early warning systems for disaster management in order to reduce vulnerability to recurrent storms and floods in coastal communities. The specific objectives were: i) to describe the hazards to livelihood by and vulnerability of livelihood to weather changes, particularly storms and floods; ii) to describe early warning systems for storms in disaster management and their evolution over time; iii) to document experiences of local people in regard to early warning systems; and iv) to provide recommendations on future adaptations to extreme climate conditions. |
| Keywords: | Early Warning System, Costal, Information, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:tpaper:tp201604t4&r=sea |
| By: | Wiggins, Steve; Keats, Sharada |
| Abstract: | Rural wages in developing countries not only directly affect the welfare of many of the (very) poor, but they also affect the welfare of others through their impact on costs of food production and hence food prices. Since manufacturing in low income countries often recruits labour from the countryside, rural wages set the minimum level of factory wages 3 necessary to attract labour, and hence costs of production and thereby the growth of manufacturing. Rural wages in much of Asia seem to have been rising notably over the last 25 years or longer, with signs in some countries of accelerating increases since the mid-2000s. This study compiles the evidence for this; then examines the influence of potential determinants, including changes in agricultural labour productivity, manufacturing, and rural working population, on rural wages. It concludes by discussing the possible implications of the results for rural poverty, food prices and the location of manufacturing |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212615&r=sea |
| By: | Truong Cong Thanh Nghi (School of Economics, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City) |
| Keywords: | Insurance, Vietnam, Flood |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016036&r=sea |
| By: | Mohd Shahwahid H. O. (Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia) |
| Keywords: | haze, impact, Malaysia |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160416&r=sea |
| By: | Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines dynamic patterns of land use, capital investments and wages in agriculture using farm panel data from Indonesia. The empirical analysis shows that with an increase in real wages that prevailed in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in rural areas, relatively larger farmers increased the size of operational farm land by renting in land. An increase in real wages has induced the substitution of labor by machines among relatively large farmers. Machines and land are complementary and, consistently, the inverse land-productivity relationship is reversed among relatively large holders. |
| Keywords: | Wage growth, farm size, mechanization, Indonesia, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, J31, Q12, Q15, |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212611&r=sea |
| By: | Phung Thanh Binh (Schoolf of Economics, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City); Xueqin Zhu (Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Group, Wageningen University); Rolf Groeneveld (Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Group, Wageningen University); Ekko van Ierland (Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Group, Wageningen University) |
| Keywords: | Flood, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160418&r=sea |
| By: | Cheryll C. Launio (Philippine Rice Research Institute); Constancio A. Asis, Jr. (Philippine Rice Research Institute); Rowena G. Manalili (Philippine Rice Research Institute); Evelyn F. Javier (Philippine Rice Research Institute) |
| Keywords: | Rice Straw, Cost Benefit analysis,Philippines |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160444&r=sea |
| By: | Kannika Thampanishvong (Thailand Development Research Institute) |
| Keywords: | Information, household, electricity consumption, Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160428&r=sea |
| By: | Phumsith Mahasuweerachai (Department of Economics, Faculty of Management Sciences, Khon Kaen University); Piyaluk Buddhawongsa (Chiang Mai University) |
| Keywords: | farmer, flood adaptation, Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160430&r=sea |
| By: | Rawadee Jarungrattanapong (Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University); Siriporn Sajjanand (Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University) |
| Keywords: | human-elephant conflict, Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160462&r=sea |
| By: | Nghiem Thi Hong Nhung (Department of Public Health, University of Otago) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this study is to find out optimal management strategies for productive planted forests when carbon benefits are considered. With a given initial state of forest, the research attempts to: a) determine the planting and harvesting patterns, which can maximize net returns from selling timber and sequestering carbon; b) compare the optimal management strategy when carbon has or does not have market value; c) compare the optimal management strategy for two dominant tree species; d) analyse the sensitivity of the optimal management strategy to forests’ area, prices and discount rate; and e) identify the policy implications in further developing multiple-use forests in Vietnam. The Faustmann formula was applied to find the optimal rotation age and the net present value (NPV) for planted forest at stand-level. We extended the Faustmann model to include multi-stands and spatial arrangement among forest stands in order to analyse the optimal strategy at forest-level. A simple search algorithm was used to look for optimal sets of planting and harvesting. The model was coded in GAMS. To evaluate the model, 293 household forest farmers who grow Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mangium in Yen Bai province, Northern Vietnam were interviewed. Survey results show that the actual tree cutting age is five years. However, at the stand-level, we find that the optimal rotation age of E. urophylla (when only timber has market value) is 10 and 9 years for households and forest enterprises, respectively, at a 5% discount rate. For A. mangium, the optimal rotation age is 13 years for both households and forest enterprises. The NPV is VND 16 million per hectare for households of both E. urophylla and A. mangium. For forest enterprises, the NPV is VND 57 million and VND 62 million per hectare for E. urophylla and A. mangium, respectively |
| Keywords: | forest management, carbon sequestration, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016046&r=sea |
| By: | Piyaluk Chutubtim (Chiang Mai University) |
| Abstract: | Dam construction has long provided valuable economic benefits to Thailand in distributing low-priced electricity and supporting low-income farmers by providing them with free-flowing irrigation water; this promotes domestic consumption and investment. Even though many benefits are expected from dam construction, a dam project needs to be carefully evaluated using costbenefit analysis (CBA) before approval. Decision-makers have to review the negative effects of the construction and operation of a dam. These effects are sometimes difficult to measure in monetary terms. Each impact requires the use of particular techniques to determine their monetary value; the choice depends on the characteristics of a particular impact and what relevant information is available. The primary data technique incorporates the market price approach, revealed preferences approach, and stated preferences approach. The secondary data technique is also called the benefits transfer method. An erroneously-conducted CBA can lead policy-makers to make a wrong decision on a project. Therefore, in order to provide policy-makers with accurate information and right recommendations on a project alternative, an analyst has to identify all potential project impacts, apply appropriate valuation methods and select the correct criteria. This report provides basic guidelines for analysts to conduct a proper CBA on dam projects and includes a case study of the Kwae Nai Dam in Thailand that will give useful insight into the practical applications of a CBA. |
| Keywords: | Guidelines,Cost-benefit Analysis,Dam,Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016064&r=sea |
| By: | Alexander D. Anda, Jr. (Resources, Environment & Economics Center for Studies); Marlon M. Atienza (Resources, Environment & Economics Center for Studies) |
| Keywords: | Resource Gap, Protected area, Philippines |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160448&r=sea |
| By: | Anabeth L. Indab (Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc. (REECS),Quezon City.); Aireen I. Guzman (Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc. (REECS),Quezon City.); Ricardo T. Bagarinao (Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc. (REECS),Quezon City.) |
| Keywords: | Pollution,Philippines |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb2016049&r=sea |
| By: | David Chilosi; Giovanni Federico |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effect of the decline in trade costs on trade, terms of trade and welfare of Europe (the United Kingdom and the Netherlands) and three large exporters (India, Indonesia and the United States) during the first globalization using a ‘bottom-up’ approach. We measure total route and product specific trade costs for a representative sample of commodities with price gaps predicted by observed trade costs. We use a simple microeconomic model and we buttress our findings with additional econometric testing. We find that price convergence accounted for almost all the improvement in terms of trade of producing countries and increased significantly welfare in both producing and especially consuming countries, while its positive effect on bilateral trade was often swamped by other factors. The findings caution against the substation of proxies to actual measures of trade costs. |
| Keywords: | market integration; trade costs; terms of trade; trade; welfare; first globalization |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:wpaper:66306&r=sea |
| By: | Tong Yen Dan (School of Economics & Business Administration, Can Tho University) |
| Keywords: | Dike Heightening, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160424&r=sea |
| By: | Flordeliza H. Bordey (Philippine Rice Research Institute); Cheryll C. Launio (Philippine Rice Research Institute); Eduardo Jimmy P. Quilang (Philippine Rice Research Institute); Charis Mae A. Tolentino (University of the Philippines); Nimfa B. Ogena (University of the Philippines) |
| Keywords: | Climate change, migration, Philippines |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160446&r=sea |
| By: | Margaret M. Calderon (College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños); Nathaniel C. Bantayan (College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños); Florencia B. Pulhin (College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños); Lourdes J. Cruz (University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Keywords: | Forestry, Carbon, Community-led conservation, Philippines |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160440&r=sea |
| By: | Nguyen Van Song (Vietnam National University of Agriculture); Nguyen Van Hanh (Vietnam National University of Agriculture) |
| Abstract: | This study estimated the environmental costs associated with the electricity demand requirements of the coal electricity sector, as a component of the long-run marginal opportunity cost (LR-MOC) of electricity production. The LR-MOC has three components: Marginal Production Cost or direct cost (MPC), Marginal User Cost (MUC) and the Marginal Environmental Cost (MEC). The MEC is divided further into two components: Marginal Environmental Cost of coal mining (MEC1) and Marginal Environmental Cost of coal burning (MEC2). The MEC1 consists of on-site environmental cost and off-site environmental cost while the MEC2 is made up of control cost and off-site environmental cost. The total production cost per tonne of clean coal was 241,050 VND in 1998 and was estimated to be 343,679.70 VND in 2010. The marginal environmental cost of coal mining (MEC1) is 19,029.4 VND/per tonne in 2010 or 5.5% of production cost. Of the MEC1, on-site and off-site cost is about 3.6% and 1.93% of production cost, respectively. |
| Keywords: | Electricity Pricing, Vietnam |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016058&r=sea |
| By: | Schaak, Henning |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a gravity model to analyse the impact of the ASEAN-China-FTA on the international trade of dairy products. It uses a multinomial PML estimator with country fixed effects and a suitable framework to differentiate between trade creation and trade diversion effects in terms of imports and exports. The used dataset contains disaggregated data for 36 countries, including the ASEAN member countries, China and the 25 largest dairy exporting countries from 1995 until 2013. The dataset contains data on the three SITC dairy product groups as well as their aggregate. The estimates of the model include significant values for all framework effects. They indicate that there are trade creation, import diversion and export diversion effects for all four commodity groups. The estimated overall net trade effect is negative. Hence the current implementation of the FTA should be critically evaluated with respect to dairy products. |
| Keywords: | Gravity Model, Agricultural Trade, ACFTA, Trade creation and trade diversion effects, Dairy products, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi15:211619&r=sea |
| By: | Mohd Shahwahid H.O. (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43410, Serdang, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the impacts of the 2013 haze on the people and economy of Peninsular Malaysia. The economic cost of the June 2013 haze was estimated to be MYR 1.49 billion (0.48% of the GDP); total cost of illnesses due to haze effects was MYR 78.03 per household (MYR 410.6 million for the whole peninsula) or 27.48% of the total cost; cost of medical treatment and hospitalization, MYR 22.59 per household (MYR 118.9 million); cost of medical-related leaves taken, MYR 38.54 per household (MYR 202.8 million); reduced activity days, MYR 13.17 per household (MYR 69.3 million); purchasing air pollution masks as protection, MYR 3.73 per household (MYR 19.6 million); and loss of income opportunities, MYR 182.05 per household (MYR 958 million), which was 64.11% of the total economic cost. Malaysians appear to have gotten used to the haze and tend to continue with their lives as normal, albeit taking measures to deal with its impacts. The willingness to participate in the insurance scheme to avoid a decline in quality of life due to haze was supported by only 37.5% of those surveyed. Their average willingness to pay was only MYR 23.90 per household (MYR 125.8 million) or 8.42% of the total economic cost of the haze. |
| Keywords: | Malaysia, Pollution Control, Pollution Impacts and Health, Damage Valuation |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:report:rr2016013&r=sea |
| By: | Inocencio, Arlene B.; Ureta, Carl; Baulita, Alex; Baulita, Arman; Clemente, Roberto S.; Luyun, Roger Jr. A.; Elazegui, Dulce D. |
| Abstract: | This discussion paper presents an analysis of the performance of national (NIS) and communal irrigation systems (CIS) by region, complemented by technical and institutional assessments of 30 sample NIS and 66 sample CIS in Luzon. It shows that there is value in looking at subnational trends. Using secondary data from the central and regional offices of the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) and the systems, complemented by key informant interviews and ocular inspections, this study establishes key institutional and technical constraints to improving the performance of NIS and CIS systems. In addition to the selected key performance indicators, some ratios are used to characterize the capacities of the systems in terms of manpower, level of functionality, financial structure, and productivity of the systems. This study examines the NIS cases by province, size (large, medium, small), technology (gravity type vs pump type), location (upstream, midstream, downstream), vintage (pre-NIA, 1965-1980, 1981-2013), and by some measures of "success", and presents a number of instructive results. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, irrigation performance, management and development of irrigation systems, irrigators’ association, Luzon, national irrigation system, communal irrigation system |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:dp_2016-12&r=sea |
| By: | Balangue, Tonie O. |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the National Greening Program (NGP) process as implemented in the field and the environmental impacts. The municipalities of Sta. Cruz in Zambales, Basilisa in Dinagat Island, and Hinobaan in Negros Occidental were randomly selected from all the NGP sites. The methodology employed consisted of key informant interviews and focus group discussions for the survey, mapping, and planning (SMP); assessment of capability building, plantation quality assurance, seedling production, planting, and protection and maintenance; and actual impact measurements on the ground through sampling. Results showed that the required NGP processes were not fully complied with. However, the required survival rates of 85 percent were satisfied through replanting. The environmental impacts were gaining positive momentum through reduced temperature, soil build-up, soil fertility, soil moisture, wildlife, stumpage build-up, and carbon sequestration. Impacts on disaster risk reduction and climate change fell short due to lack of a suitable design. Recommendations to further improve NGP implementation include, among others, conduct of a full-blown SMP and feasibility study, compliance to required processes and standards, inclusion of a reforestation access road, linking reforestation to a business plan, and capability building of reforestation partners. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, National Greening Program (NGP), reforestation, survival rates, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation/mitigation |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:dp_2016-11&r=sea |
| By: | Phumsith Mahasuweerachai (Faculty of Management Sciences, Khon Kaen University); Rawadee Jarungrattanapong (Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University); Kansinee Guntawongwan (Chiang Mai University); Piyaluk Buddhawongsa (Chiang Mai University) |
| Keywords: | crowd out, farmer, Thailand |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eep:pbrief:pb20160452&r=sea |
| By: | Min, Shi; Huang, Jikun; Bai, Junfei; Waibel, Hermann |
| Abstract: | Rubber plantations have been expanding rapidly in Mekong Region including Southern China. OFten this was accompanied by negative effects for ecoystems. Intercropping in rubber plantation is suggested as a means of reducing environmental and economic risks. Based onc ross section data of some 600 rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna, we develop four empirical models to analyze adoption of intercropping at farm and at plot level. Results suggest intercropping is an important source of income for the household in the lower income category. However, only a small proportion of rubber farmers have adopted intercropping, with tea being the most frequently adopted intercrop. Major factors of adoption are ethnicity, altitude and household wealth. At plot level the nature of land and the age of rubber trees are major factors. The findings provide important information for agricultural extension services who want to promote complementary income sources in the context of recently falling rubber prices. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae15:212463&r=sea |
| By: | Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) |
| Abstract: | This fifth issue of the PIDS Economic Policy Monitor (EPM) highlights the importance of regulatory coherence and quality to realize rapid, sustainable, and inclusive growth. For the Philippines to take advantage of increased trade and investment under the ASEAN integration, there is a need to address the factors that continue to bring down its competitiveness and that undermine efforts to achieve greater social inclusiveness. Regulatory burdens are one of those factors. They restrain competition, productivity, and innovation. The EPM 2014 starts with the analysis in Chapter 1 of the Philippines` performance in 2014 and the outlook for 2015 and beyond in the face of continued global and regional developments. The Philippines continued on a high-growth path in 2014, averaging 6.1 percent, which was achieved despite a number of challenges, including a lower level of government spending due to the low absorptive capacity of government agencies. The outlook for the country in 2015 remains positive, with a growth forecast of 6.8 percent. The global prospect is also optimistic and the forecast is a growth rate of 3.5 percent. Long-term growth is a function of productivity, thus it is imperative to sustain investments in infrastructure, connectivity, and human capital. Chapter 2 discusses some of these investments that are apparent in a number of policy developments in 2014. They include, to name a few, the extension of the age coverage of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to include 15- to 18-year-old children, the use of the so-called "education deflator" to regulate tuition fee increases, and the enactment of Republic Act 10641 that allows the full entry of foreign banks in the country.Chapter 3, the theme chapter, examines the case for developing a sound and efficient regulatory management system (RMS) for the country. An RMS is the best step toward reducing regulatory burdens and improving the quality of regulations. The Philippines has a system that contains some of the basic elements of an RMS, but these do not represent a coherent and coordinated system nor are these elements regularly undertaken. The government has taken steps to fill the gaps in the system, but this is not enough. A commitment to reforms despite changes in political leadership and a mindset for continual improvement and innovation are a must. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, regulatory quality, regulatory burden, regulatory management system, cost of doing business, economic outlook, Philippine economy |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:pids_epm_2014&r=sea |