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on South East Asia |
| By: | Deluna, Roperto Jr |
| Abstract: | This study was conducted to investigate the issue of what Philippine merchandise trade flows would be if countries operated at the frontier of the gravity model. The study sought to estimate the coefficients of the gravity model. The estimated coefficients were used to estimate merchandise export potentials and technical efficiency of each country in the sample and these were also aggregated to measure impact of country groups, RTAs and inter-regional trading agreements. Result of the study shows that technical efficiency for all sample countries is relatively large with standard deviation from the mean of 35.02% suggesting that the frontier is not so distant. The most efficient countries in the sample which recorded more than 90% efficiency were Canada, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Singapore, Denmark, Hongkong, Sweden and UK. In terms of country groups, RTA and Inter-regional trading agreements, APEC recorded as the most efficient trade agreement of the Philippines. The Philippines was also able to established strong link among countries in East Asia, members of AFTA. ASEAN and EU posed export potential. In a country level, China and members of the ASEAN such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia posed the highest export potential for merchandise exports. The significant determinants of these potentials are the expanding market of developing economies and lower trade cost. Then dominance of APEC countries in trade efficiency was verified by the result of the trade inefficiency effect model. Factors reducing technical inefficiencies were membership to APEC, reduction of corruption, and freer business environment. Membership to ASEAN and WTO turns out insignificant in reducing trade inefficiencies of the Philippine exports to member countries. |
| Keywords: | Merchandise exports, Gravity, Stochastic, export potential, Philippine Trade |
| JEL: | F0 F1 F13 F14 F15 F4 F47 |
| Date: | 2013–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:51677&r=sea |
| By: | Gudmundur S. Gudmundsson (Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Gylfi Zoega (Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics, Birkbeck; University of Iceland) |
| Abstract: | We adjust current account surpluses and deficits of 57 countries in the period 2005-2009 for differences in the age structure of their populations and find that these differences can account for a significant part of the variation in the data. Among the large countries we find that the adjustment increases the surpluses of Germany and Japan while the surpluses of China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia are significantly diminished. |
| Keywords: | Current account, age structure, life-cycle saving behavior. |
| JEL: | J1 E2 |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bbk:bbkefp:1307&r=sea |
| By: | Sjöholm, Fredrik (Department of Economics, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | Foreign direct investment has been of large importance in economic growth and global economic integration over the last decades. South East Asia has been part of this development with rapidly increasing inflows of FDI. However, there are large variations over time and between countries in the region as regard to the policies towards FDI, and in actual inflows of FDI. This chapter aims at examining the size of FDI in South East Asia and the trends in it. The main determinants of FDI in Southeast Asia as well as their effect on the host countries are also discussed and examined. |
| Keywords: | Foreign direct investment; multinational firms; Southeast Asia; economic development |
| JEL: | F21 F23 O53 |
| Date: | 2013–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2013_037&r=sea |
| By: | Rahajeng, DIAN |
| Abstract: | As the largest Muslim community in the world, Indonesia is optimist on implementing Islamic economy as one of the system. The previous global financial turmoil has made the attention turn on the Islamic financial model, and in particular the Islamic banking system. This model offers a microfinance system that allows poor people to meet their financial needs. Most banking systems are less concern about the difficulties affecting poor people since they usually have no collateral, making them a riskier investment. Knowing the 98.9% micro industries of Indonesia, it is an urgent need on facilitating their financial intermediaries. The Islamic microfinance system manages this demand by providing small-scale financial services to the lower and poor markets by giving them banking facility. Hence Islamic microfinance helps to sustain financial inclusion as attempt for that mostly poor society who has lack access to financial institution. The motivation for this research is to meet the knowledge gap of acceptance on the Islamic banking system implementation in the Indonesian micro economy development. The research questions is how micro industries perception and acceptance towards the existence of Islamic rural banks. The methodologies used are survey as primary data collection of 60 both Islamic and common rural banks for thorough analysis also secondary data collection from its financial reports. The research finding is the positive perception and acceptance of Islamic rural banks as micro industries’ financial intermediaries. This research concludes that Islamic rural bank has become the part of micro banking services and contributes on building ideal Indonesia development. |
| Keywords: | Islamic banking, development, acceptance, micro industry, financial intermediaries |
| JEL: | C83 C91 D14 D7 G02 G2 G21 Z00 |
| Date: | 2013–09–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:50465&r=sea |
| By: | Jeggle, Terry (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Hazards have no respect for the political boundaries of countries, so it is essential for disaster risk management (DRM) to be developed with a strong regional perspective. This paper describes a wide range of regional initiatives in Asia and the Pacific that rely on innovative solutions being adopted within a holistic approach and that link national governments, regional organizations, diverse sectors, and public and private bodies. The study illustrates how crucial the regional scale of engagement is for concentrating the common interests of individual government policy commitments to DRM, while supplementing countries’ own resources with expanded institutional relationships to energize a more sustained impetus to reduce disaster risks throughout the region. Regional attributes include the beneficial attention of distributed specialist technical, scientific, and academic institutions that are motivated by interests beyond disaster concerns. |
| Keywords: | disaster risk management; regional cooperation; asia; pacific |
| JEL: | H84 Q54 |
| Date: | 2013–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0447&r=sea |
| By: | Benkovskis, Konstantins; Wörz, Julia |
| Abstract: | Building on the methodology pioneered by Feenstra (1994) and Broda and Weinstein (2006), we construct an export price index that adjusts for changes in the set of competitors (variety) and changes in non-price factors (quality in a broad sense) for nine emerging economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey). The highly disaggregated dataset covers the period 1996?2011 and is based on the standardised 6-digit Harmonized System (HS). Our method highlights notable differences in non-price competitiveness across markets. China shows a huge gain in international competitiveness due to non-price factors. Similarly, Brazil, Chile, India and Turkey show discernible improvements in their competitive position when accounting for non-price factors. Oil exports account for strong improvement in Russia's non-price competitiveness, as well as the modest losses of competitiveness for Argentina and Indonesia. Mexico's competitiveness deteriorates prior to 2006 and improves afterwards. JEL Classification: C43, F12, F14, L15 |
| Keywords: | emerging countries, non-price competitiveness, quality, relative export price |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20131612&r=sea |
| By: | Lasse Steiner; Bruno S. Frey; Magnus Resch |
| Abstract: | This paper analysis the global distribution of art collections and collectors´ biases with respect to the origin of artworks. Employing a unique dataset we find that the greatest number of private art collections are located in Europe, North America and Asia. There are relatively few collections in Latin America and Africa. The artists whose oeuvres dominate the markets for collected art come from North America, followed by Asian and European artists. The home bias in private art collections turns out to be strong in all continents and countries. It is highest for Asian and African collections and smaller for European and North American collections. The home bias can partly be accounted for by high export and import restrictions. |
| Keywords: | Art collection, home bias, trade restrictions, artists |
| JEL: | Z11 F14 K20 |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zur:econwp:135&r=sea |
| By: | Chaminade , Cristina (CIRCLE, Lund University); Intarakumnerd, Patarapong (College of Innovation, Thammasat University Thailand); Sapprasert , Koson (TIK and CAS, Norway) |
| Abstract: | The paper contributes to research on innovation systems; in particular, the current debate on rationales for innovation policy by providing a framework to identify systemic problems in a given system of innovation and test the framework empirically. The data was drawn from the Thai Community Innovation Survey in the period after which a major change in the country’s innovation system policy had been initiated. By hierarchical factor analysis, systemic problems suggested by prior studies are grouped into four components: institution, network, science and technology infrastructure and other support services. Our framework and methodology may also be applied in the analyses of systemic problems in other countries, especially for the purpose to investigate a mismatch between policies and problems. |
| Keywords: | Systemic problems; Innovation Policy; National Innovation System; Hierarchical Factor Analysis; Thailand |
| JEL: | O30 |
| Date: | 2013–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2013_031&r=sea |
| By: | McGee, Andrew (Simon Fraser University); McGee, Peter (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | Modeling the incentive effects of competitions among employees for promotions or financial rewards, economists have largely ignored the effects of competition on effort provision once the competition is finished. In a laboratory experiment, we examine how competition outcomes affect the provision of post-competition effort. We find that subjects who lose arbitrarily decided competitions choose lower subsequent effort levels than subjects who lose competitions decided by their effort choices. We explore the preferences underlying this behavior and show that subjects' reactions are related to their preferences for meritocratic outcomes. |
| Keywords: | tournaments, counterproductive behavior, promotions, experiment |
| JEL: | C90 J30 D03 |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7759&r=sea |