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on South East Asia |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Education For All Tertiary Education Access and Equity in Basic Education Teaching and Learning Education - Primary Education |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13210&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Education For All Secondary Education Tertiary Education Teaching and Learning Education - Primary Education |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12317&r=sea |
| By: | Peter Warr (Australian National University); Arief Anshory Yusuf (Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia is a net importer of almost all of its staple foods. National self-sufficiency in food, especially the mainstaple, rice, is a core objective of economic policy. Poverty reduction is also a core policy objective. Since the 1970s, Indonesia has used agricultural input subsidies, especially on fertilizer, to stimulate agricultural production, largely in pursuit of its self-sufficiency goals. Recently, it has alsoused output protection, especially in rice, for the same purpose. This paper utilizes a multi-sectoral, multi-household general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy to study the trade-offs between the goals of self-sufficiency and poverty reduction when two alternative means are used toachieve them: a fertilizer subsidy, on the one hand, and output protection, on the other. It does this by analyzing the aggregate and distributional effects of these two sets of policies and by comparing their effects with non-intervention. The analysis shows that, in terms of its effects on poverty, a fertilizer subsidy can be a more effective instrument for achieving the goal of rice self-sufficiency than final product import restrictions. |
| Keywords: | Indonesia, Fertilizer subsidies, Food self-sufficiency |
| JEL: | D58 I32 F14 |
| Date: | 2013–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unp:wpaper:201309&r=sea |
| By: | Frans A. van der Zee (TNO) |
| Abstract: | This report assesses what is new about Asian growth, focusing primarily on the ‘external’ dynamics of change (the roles of inter-country growth and networks, trade and FDI – i.e. the context of globalization). |
| Keywords: | Asia, Growth, China, Asian Economy, Asian crisis, ICT |
| JEL: | F01 |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc70816&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Primary Education Education - Early Childhood Development Urban Development - Street Children Education - Educational Sciences Health, Nutrition and Population - Early Child and Children's Health |
| Date: | 2012–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12122&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Education For All Tertiary Education Teaching and Learning Access and Equity in Basic Education Education - Primary Education |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:13207&r=sea |
| By: | Peter Edward (Newcastle University Business School); Andy Sumner (King's International Development Institute, King's College London) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia has achieved well-documented and drastic improvements in average incomes and in the reduction of poverty. Much research has discussed this progress. This paper adds to the literature with a new perspective. We discuss poverty in Indonesia using the international poverty lines ($1.25, $2 and we add $10/day). We generate historic estimates of poverty and make projections based on various growth and inequality trends. We find that Indonesia has the potential to attain high-income country status in a decade or so and at the same time, the potential to end $1.25/day and $2/day poverty but this would require favourable changes in distribution. Looking ahead, the end of poverty in Indonesia may be accompanied by a large proportion of the population vulnerable to poverty for some considerable time to come, suggesting public policy priorities may need to balance insurance and risk management mechanisms with more ‘traditional’ poverty policy. We also find, in contrast to national poverty line analysis, that poverty by the various international poverty lines, is considerably more urbanised, with more than half the poor residing in urban areas currently and the urban proportion of total poverty likely to rise further in the years ahead. |
| Keywords: | Indonesia, Poverty, Inequality |
| JEL: | I32 D63 |
| Date: | 2013–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unp:wpaper:201310&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Social Protections and Labor - Safety Nets and Transfers Health Monitoring and Evaluation Public Sector Expenditure Policy Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Public Sector Development Health, Nutrition and Population |
| Date: | 2012–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12259&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Markets and Market Access Transport Economics Policy and Planning Oil Refining and Gas Industry Energy - Energy Production and Transportation Environmental Economics and Policies Industry Environment Transport |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12712&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Education For All Tertiary Education Teaching and Learning Education - Access & Equity in Basic Education Education - Primary Education |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2723&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Social Protections and Labor - Safety Nets and Transfers Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Health Monitoring and Evaluation Poverty Reduction - Rural Poverty Reduction Macroeconomics and Economic Growth - Regional Economic Development Health, Nutrition and Population |
| Date: | 2012–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:11900&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Education For All Tertiary Education Education - Access & Equity in Basic Education Teaching and Learning Education - Primary Education |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:2732&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12326&r=sea |
| By: | Ajax Moreira; Katia Rocha |
| Abstract: | O estudo analisa, através de um modelo de painel, os determinantes do fluxo de capital líquido e de sua volatilidade para um grupo de dezenove economias emergentes no período 1980-2011 e propõe uma metodologia para avaliar a importância relativa dos fatores globais e locais na determinação da variabilidade do fluxo. Os emergentes analisados (Argentina, Brasil, Bulgária, Chile, Colômbia, Hungria, Índia, Indonésia, Malásia, México, Peru, Filipinas, Polônia, Rússia, África do Sul, Turquia, Ucrânia, Uruguai e Venezuela) representavam em janeiro de 2012 aproximadamente 95% do índice Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (EMBIG) do JPMorgan. Os resultados apontam para maior estabilidade econômica, representada pelo crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) local, menor volatilidade da inflação, políticas de austeridade fiscal, maior governança e liberalização financeira. O modelo explica até 40% da variância e volatilidade do fluxo de capital líquido para emergentes. A importância dos fatores globais na determinação da variância do fluxo é menor na amostra mais recente, onde os fatores locais adquirem maior importância. No entanto, os fatores globais, que estão fora do controle das autoridades de cada país, explicam a maior parte das flutuações relativas à volatilidade do fluxo de capital líquido para os emergentes. Os resultados são robustos a diferentes metodologias para definir os períodos de crise de fluxo de capital. Palavras-chave: fluxo de capital; economias emergentes; crise financeira. The study analyses, through a panel data model, the determinants of the net capital flow (the net sum of direct investment, portfolio investment, financial derivatives and other investment) and its volatility for a group of nineteen emerging economies in the period of 1980-2011 and suggests a methodology to evaluate the relative importance of push and pull factors. The economies analyzed (Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Venezuela) correspond roughly to 95% of the JPMorgan EMBIG at January 2012. The results support economic stability represented by higher economic growth and lower inflation volatility, increase of fiscal austerity, higher governance indicators and increase of capital liberalization. The model explains up to 40% of the variance and volatility of net capital flow to the emerging economies. The importance of push factors as determinant of the variance of capital flow is lower in the recent period where pull factors become more relevant. Nevertheless, push factors, which are outside policy maker’s control, explain most of the fluctuations relative to the volatility of capital flow to emerging economies. Results are robust to a set of different methodology to define capital flow crises periods. Keywords: capital flow; emerging economies; financial crisis. |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1798&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies - Postal Services Banks and Banking Reform Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12709&r=sea |
| By: | Edita A. Tan (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | The paper inquires into the impact of contemporary major world events – the recession in the United States and Western Europe, the oil price hike, and the Arab Spring – on the flow of overseas Filipino workers or OFWs and their remittances. The paper finds that the recession in the West has not spread worldwide for its share in world trade has declined significantly since the 1980s. The oil exporting countries gained from the oil price hike and there are now many more economies that have achieved appreciable growth which they have been able to sustain up to the present, e.g. the Asian tigers, BRICs, Botswana. On the other hand, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Syria are minor employers of Filipino workers. Expectedly, the varied economic performance of the world economies has had differential impact on demand for migrant workers. The OFWs have found employment in varied occupations in varied destinations with the large majority in the Middle East and East Asia which have not been negatively affected by the Western recession. Many are also in service occupations that did not suffer as much decline in demand as in other occupations. The paper provides some empirical support to these findings. |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:201211&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Roads and Highways Rural Transport Transport Economics Policy and Planning Rural Roads and Transport Rural Development Transport |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:10063&r=sea |
| By: | Emmanuel S. de Dios (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman); Jeffrey G. Williamson (Harvard University and University of Wisconsin) |
| Abstract: | Recent work has documented industrial output growth around the poor periphery from 1870 to the present, finding unconditional convergence on the leaders long before the modern BRICS and even before the Asian Tigers. The Philippines was very much part of that catching up. In the decade or so up to 1913, Philippine industrial output grew at 6.3 percent per annum, way above that achieved by the industrial leaders. Indeed, the Philippines was the third Asian country to enter the 5% industrial growth club: Japan 1899, China 1900, the Philippines 1913, Taiwan 1914, Korea 1921, and India 1929. The Philippines continued its industrial catch up during the interwar years 1920-1938, as it did during the ISI years 1950-1972. While the Philippines conformed to the world-wide unconditional industrial convergence pattern for seven decades, it began to deviate from the pack in the 1980s, leaving the industrial catching up club in 1982, never to re-enter. What were the causes of this regime switch? Was it political instability at a critical time in the 1980s? Was it a subsequent failure to exploit the move of Japanese manufacturing FDI into the region? Was it an institutional weakness benign in the pre-1982 past but made more powerful since? Was it some liberal policy package that penalized manufacturing when it was already on the ropes? Was it a labor emigration surge in the 1980s that stripped the work force of industrial skills? Was it some massive Dutch Disease created by subsequent huge emigrant remittances? Given the initial political shock, all of these negative forces had their influence in the form of a ‘perfect de-industrializing storm’. |
| Keywords: | industrial development, growth, Philippines |
| JEL: | F1 N7 O2 |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:201303&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Gender - Gender and Development Roads and Highways Transport Economics Policy and Planning Rural Roads and Transport Gender - Gender and Transport Rural Development Transport |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:10065&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy - Renewable Energy Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems Health, Nutrition and Population - Population Policies Energy Conservation and Efficiency Energy - Energy Production and Transportation Rural Development |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:10066&r=sea |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development - Mutual Funds Private Sector Development - E-Business Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Non Bank Financial Institutions |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:12969&r=sea |
| By: | Mattoo, Aaditya; Subramanian, Arvind |
| Abstract: | International negotiations on climate change have been dogged by mutual recriminations between rich and poor countries, constricted by the zero-sum arithmetic of a shrinking global carbon budget, and overtaken by shifts in economic power between industrialized and developing countries. To overcome these"narrative,""adding-up,"and"new world"problems, respectively, this paper proposes a new Greenprint for cooperation. First, the large dynamic emerging economies -- China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia -- must assume the mantle of leadership, offering contributions of their own and prodding the reluctant industrial countries into action. This role reversal would be consistent with the greater stakes for the dynamic emerging economies. Second, the emphasis must be on technology generation. This would allow greater consumption and production possibilities for all countries while respecting the global emissions budget that is dictated by the climate change goal of keeping average temperature rise below 2 degrees centigrade. Third, instead of the old cash-for-cuts approach -- which relies on the industrial countries offering cash (which they do not have) to the dynamic emerging economies for cuts (that they are unwilling to make) -- all major emitters must make contributions. With a view to galvanizing a technology revolution, industrial countries would take early action to raise carbon prices. The dynamic emerging economies would in turn eliminate fossil fuel subsidies, commit to matching carbon price increases in the future, allow limited border taxes against their own exports, and strengthen protection of intellectual property for green technologies. This would directly and indirectly facilitate such a technological revolution. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Climate Change Economics,Environmental Economics&Policies,Energy Production and Transportation,Carbon Policy and Trading |
| Date: | 2013–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6440&r=sea |