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on South East Asia |
| By: | Dinda, Soumyananda |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to find the long run relation with short run dynamics of China’s trade in Asia and the world. Co-integration technique provides the economic integration of China’s export to the US and its import from Asian nations. This study observed that China is economically integrated with Asia and the world. China has double role in international trade – (i) China acts as an attractor of all inputs from Asia and (ii) China pushes the products in international market with a comparative advantage in price competition. This study also reveals that the speed of China’s import from Asia is faster than that of China’s export to the US. |
| Keywords: | Economic Integration; production network; Co-integration; Asia; China; the US; Error correction; Double Engine of Growth; Export; Import; Long run; short run dynamics. |
| JEL: | F15 O53 C22 C01 |
| Date: | 2011–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:30664&r=sea |
| By: | GIGNOUX, Jérémie; MENENDEZ, Marta |
| Keywords: | households; income; education; Indonésie; Indonesia; |
| JEL: | I2 C12 D1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ner:dauphi:urn:hdl:123456789/6637&r=sea |
| By: | Hallett, Andrew Hughes (Asian Development Bank Institute); Richter, Christian (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper tests the hypothesis that the links and leadership/dependency relationships between the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the United States (US), and the other large Asian economies have changed over the past 20 years with the industrialization of the PRC economy. We use time-varying spectral methods to decompose the links between seven advanced Asian economies and the US. We find: (a) the links with the US have been weakening, while those within a bloc based on the PRC have strengthened; (b) that this is not new—it has been happening since the 1980s, but has been partly reversed by the recent surge in trade; (c) that there are two blocs within the Asian economic area: one based on Japan and the Republic of Korea and the other on the PRC and her satellites; (d) that product composition is responsible for this division (and for some movement between the blocs); and (e) that the links between the PRC and the US are rather complex, with the US able to shape the cycles elsewhere through her control of monetary conditions, but the PRC able to control the size of the cycles at home and (to some extent) abroad. |
| Keywords: | trans-pacific economic relations; us-china trade; us economic leadership; industrialization prc economy; advanced asian economies |
| JEL: | C22 C29 C49 F43 O49 |
| Date: | 2011–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0292&r=sea |
| By: | Abdul Karim, Zulkefly; Zaidi, Mohd Azlan Shah; Ismail, Mohd Adib; Abdul Karim, Bakri |
| Abstract: | Since 1990’s, institution factors have been regarded as playing important roles in stimulating foreign direct investments (FDI). However, empirical studies on their importance in affecting FDI are still lacking especially for small open economies. This paper attempts to investigate the role of institutions upon the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a small open economy of Malaysia. Using bounds testing approach (ARDL model), the empirical findings reveal that there exists a long run relationship among FDI and the institution variables. Specifically, several institution variables namely government stability, bureaucracy, and corruption are found to play prominent roles in influencing the inflow of FDI. Thus, in attracting foreign investors, implementing FDI-friendly policies by providing and maintaining the quality of domestic institutions would be beneficial to Malaysian economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Institutions; Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); ARDL |
| JEL: | E22 C22 |
| Date: | 2011–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:31899&r=sea |
| By: | Zulhelmy Bin Mohd. Hatta (Ph.D Student in Malaya University, Kuala Lumpur) |
| Abstract: | The adoption of corporate governance at various financial institutions in the banking world is needed. This requirement is caused due to various faktors such as the most impressive is the economic crisis, especially the financial crisis. Any concept of corporate governance have been proposed and even practiced. The result is a positive signal is also negative. However, the practice of governance in Islamic banking has indeed become an interesting case for study. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Governance, Board of Directors, Audit committee, Internal Auditor, External Auditor, Syariah Suvervisory Board, Quality of Financial Reporting, Islamic Banking |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-022_203&r=sea |
| By: | Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff (Faculty of Technology Management, Business and Entrepreneurship, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Organizational culture is a system of meanings shared to various degrees in an organization. Despite the attention paid to the importance of organizational culture in Malaysia, most studies have not provided consistent evidences. This is partially due to its complexity and the difficulties in defaming and measuring organizational culture. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the relationship between organizational culture and financial performance of top Malaysian companies. In doing so, structured questionnaire which consisted of four parts of Hofstede’ culture dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity) were employed. The performance is measured by Return of Assets (ROA) and Earning per Share (EPS) obtained from 2009 annual reports of top 100 Malaysian Public Listed Companies. The samples of the survey were selected through random stratified sampling and generated 145 usable responses. The findings indicated that although there is a significant difference of the background of the respondent as well as the nature of the companies, there is no evident of the differences of company’s cultures perceived by the respondents. All four culture dimensions used in this study had influenced the ROA and EPS, but only one component (uncertainty avoidance) positively influenced the ROA and EPS of these companies. As this study is based on one year’s result which has limitation in the interpretation of the results, further research is necessary to demonstrate the impact of culture on firm performance |
| Keywords: | Organizational culture, firm performance |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-011-112&r=sea |
| By: | Pradiptyo, Rimawan; Rokhim, Rofikoh; Sahadewo, Gumilang Aryo; Ulpah, Maria; Sasmitasiwi, Banoon; Faradynawati, IAA |
| Abstract: | The Government of Indonesia (GOI) has been proposing a draft act on financial service regulatory authority, called Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK hereafter). In the aftermath of 1998 Asian crisis, the establishment of the institution was mandated through Bank Indonesia Act (Indonesia’s central bank bill) in 1999, which was later updated in 2004. According to the draft act, the OJK has been designed using an integrated approach, which is similar to the arrangement of FSA in the UK. This paper aims to examine the feasibility of establishing OJK. The existing financial supervision suffers from several problems: a) the quality of supervisions tend to be heterogeneous among the financial supervision bodies, b) there is a gap in supervision, whereby thousand of non-banking financial institutions have not been supervised properly, and c) financial offences have been flourishing in inter market transactions. We found that the establishment of OJK, however, would not minimize, let alone, resolve the problems above. The draft act has not proposed a mechanism on how to address these very issues. We estimated the minimum irreducible costs of establishing and operating OJK and found that the costs are paramount. According to the draft act, the costs would burden all financial institutions and obviously this creates complexity in financing OJK. Finally, two alternative approaches have been proposed in order to improve the feasibility and the effectiveness of the OJK by considering the structure of financial sector supervision in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Financial sector regulatory authority; supervision framework design; feasibility study |
| JEL: | L51 G28 E61 |
| Date: | 2011–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:32004&r=sea |
| By: | Jensen, Helen; Manrique, Justo |
| Abstract: | An analysis of the structure of demand was performed on household data, classified into income groups for urban Indonesia. A demographically augmented Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System was used to estimate the structural parameters of the demand equations. Endogenous switching regressions techniques yielded unbiased and consistent demand parameter estimates for the low income group, which had a large number of zeros for some food groups. Standard seemingly unrelated equation techniques were used to estimate the demand parameters for the other income groups. The results showed demands for the medium-high and high income households to be responsive to prices, income and demographic variables. Demands for the medium-low income households were responsive to income and prices only. Demands for lowincome households were responsive to income and prices of rice and fish only. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous Switching Regressions; Income Groups; Zeros; Indonesia; |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ner:carlos:info:hdl:10016/2901&r=sea |
| By: | Hooi Hooi Lean; Russell Smyth |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the dynamic linkages between real estate investment trusts (REITs), which are a proxy for investment in real estate, interest rates and stock prices in Malaysia over the period 2006 to 2009. Two mechanisms have been proposed to interpret the relationship between investment in real estate and stocks. The first is the wealth effect, which states that investors with unanticipated gains in share prices will invest in real estate. The second is the credit-price effect, which states that if real estate prices increase, firms holding commercial real estate will have large unrealized capital gains, meaning that investors will bid up the equity value of the firm. This suggests that the housing market will lead the stock market. Over the period 2006 to 2009, real estate and stock prices have surged in tandem in Malaysia. We find evidence of a wealth effect in the short-run, while in the long-run for some REITs we find support for the wealth effect, while for others we find evidence of feedback effects between real estate and stocks. This finding is consistent with a spiralling upturn in both prices and provides support for both effects operating together. The results lend support to concerns that the Malaysian real estate market is characterized by an asset bubble and that a decline in the stock market could burst the Malaysian real estate bubble. |
| Keywords: | REITs, interest rates, stock prices, Malaysia |
| JEL: | G15 E44 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2011-01&r=sea |
| By: | Dr. Nor Shaipah Abdul Wahab (College of Business, Accounting Building, Universiti Utara Malaysia); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chek Derashid; Nur Azliani Che Pak |
| Abstract: | Companies involve in tax planning due to its primary benefit of increase after-tax return. However, this activity has been an ongoing discussion as it impairs provision of public goods which indirectly causes social issues. Companies, in conducting tax planning, make use of several techniques to effectively minimise the tax burden, for example, profit sharing, income shifting and change of characteristics of income. Directors’ remuneration is also identified as a tax-reduction strategy. While increasing the wealth of the directors, higher directors’ remuneration expense reduces company taxable income and in turn raises company tax savings. This provides indications about missing link between directors’ performance and pay. In fact, in Malaysia, this issue has been long debated by public including academics. Despite this highlight, little attention has been given on the relationship between tax planning and directors’ remuneration. Therefore, this paper reports the results of this study’s focus of attention on whether tax planning activity is significantly related to directors’ remuneration expenses of non-financial Malaysian public-listed companies. The sample period of the study is from 2007 to 2009. The panel dataset is drawn from Datastream and hand-collected tax data from company annual reports. The results derive from multivariate analyses highlight the extent of the relationship between tax planning and directors’ remuneration and thus enlighten the knowledge on the utilisation of directors’ remuneration as a strategy in tax planning. The results also highlight the policy and reporting implications to the authority |
| Keywords: | Accounting, Taxation, Corporate Governance |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-031_236&r=sea |
| By: | Audrey Sin Lye Yee (Faculty of Management and Information Technology, UCSI University); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Keoy Kay Hooi (Centre of Excellence for Research, Value Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CERVIE), Faculty of Management and Information Technology, UCSI University) |
| Abstract: | Malaysia is fast becoming one of the most important markets in the world. The 2005 World Competitiveness Report has placed Malaysia as the 10th most competitive nation among 30 countries with a population of more than 20 million (Yakcop, 2006). Day in day out people makes transaction to purchase goods or services for example purchasing of goods in the shopping centre or online purchasing. These people are often referred as consumer; the one who consume goods or services for personal usage. Consumer plays an important role in any business where this group of people creates demand for goods or services which leads to business growth and profitability; without demand there would be no business. In the present study the purpose is to evaluate the extent of young-adult consumer’s decision-making behaviour between the two chosen regions that varies which impact on consumers’ buying behaviour. The required information was collected from 100 respondents who were randomly selected from two regions in Malaysia. Questionnaire was utilised and the data gathered were analysed using correlation, ANOVA and regression coefficient r. A number of implications arise from these findings. First, quality is perceived as the most influential product factor that these young-adult consumers are taking into account when making purchases. This criterion is followed by price which means, these young-adult consumers are willing to pay the price if the quality if superior. However, this does not mean that companies should not pay attention to where their product is being located and this also does not mean that companies need to downplay their branding |
| Keywords: | Capacity, Simulation, Downtime, Supply chain, Palm oil mill |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-029_230&r=sea |
| By: | Shahrul Nizam Salahudin; Zuliawati Mohamed Saad; Shirley Ken Tzu Ting; Mohd Nur Ruzainy Alwi (College of Business Management and Accounting, UNITEN) |
| Abstract: | Malaysia has a vision of becoming a developed nation by the year 2020. In line with this vision the country has also recently acknowledged that the best way forward is through higher productivity by its total workforce. Hence, the need of assuring employees wellbeing arises. The purpose of this research paper is to find out empirically the relationship between job content factors and employees’ well-beings in Malaysia’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper uses structural equation modeling in determining the path and degree of relationship between the said variables. Interestingly, the study found that the employees’ well-being both psychologically and physiologically were unexpectedly low. Also, it was found that the relationship between job characteristics and employees well-being do exist and with high significance levels. Based on the results, this study offers fascinating insights on employees’ well-beings in Malaysian SMEs and the factors that are associated with it |
| Keywords: | Job Characteristics, Employee Wellbeing, SMEs, General Health |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-021_202&r=sea |
| By: | Krittipat Pitchayadejanant (Department of Business Data Analysis, Faculty of Science and Technology, Assumption University) |
| Abstract: | Smart phones, iPhone and Black Berry, are very popular among new generation people in Thailand. The advantages in these technologies are joining with social network such as Facebook, Twitter and etc. There are many useful applications that most users enjoy like games, camera which can be downloaded easily. Moreover, it saves money for spending calling cost when they use the free application to call each other even thought they are in different country. The features of these two smart phones are trendy and fashionable. Also, the network to connect between smart phone and social network sites, supports these technologies. This study is used to interview and respondents’ questionnaire. The study also investigates the significant of Perceived Value and study the different between people who use iPhone and Blackberry. Therefore, the group of respondents is classified into two groups; iPhone users and Blackberry users. The technique to be used to analyze the result is Structural Equation Model |
| Keywords: | Smart Phone, UTAUT model, Perceived Value, Technology Acceptance |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-014-151&r=sea |
| By: | Saoussen Ben Gamra (CEPN); Dominique Plihon (CEPN) |
| Abstract: | Shaped by structural forces of change, banking in emerging markets has recently experienced a decline in its traditional activities, leading banks to diversify into new business strategies. This paper examines whether the observed shift into non-interest based activities improves financial performance. Using a sample of 714 banks across 14 East-Asian and Latin-American countries over the post 1997-crisis changing structure, we find that diversification gains are more than offset by the cost of increased exposure to the non-interest income, specifically by the trading income volatility. But this diversification performance's effect is found to be no linear with risk, and significantly not uniform among banks and across business lines. An implication of these findings is that banking institutions can reap diversification benefits as long as they well-studied it depending on their specific characteristics, competences and risk levels, and as they choose the right niche. |
| Date: | 2011–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1107.0170&r=sea |
| By: | Parvaneh Saeidi; Ramin Emrani Bidi; Sayedeh Parastoo Saeidi (Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development, University Teknologi Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | The ultimate and main goal of any organization is to maximize its profits. The importance of ethics in business can be expressed by the fact that ethical businesses are likely to make much more profits than the others. The reason for the importance of ethics in business is the fact that it helps the business and company in achieving its goal of create profit by making better business decisions, by increasing loyalty of customers, by building better relationships with clients, by creating goodwill for the company and many other reasons like maximum utilization of its resources etc |
| Keywords: | business ethics, elements of business ethics, codes of ethic, firm performance |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-017_174&r=sea |
| By: | Fazeeda binti Mohamad; Razman bin Mat Tahar; Norhanom binti Awang (Faculty of Technology Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current capacity of the palm oil processing mill using simulation. We choose to simulate the current facility in order to analyze the processing operations of the mill and determine the capacity planning measures to be undertaken in the future in meeting the increase volume . The operations including the downtime due to machine breakdown or any mechanical problems will be evaluated. Simulation will be used in identify the key failure of components or machines during operations. It is expected that this simulation will help mill manager to identify how the system would handle future forecast of production with the current capacity and the increase volume in supply of fresh fruit bunches to the mill |
| Keywords: | Capacity, Simulation, Downtime, Supply chain, Palm oil mill |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-028_222&r=sea |
| By: | Sharanjit Kaur (Information System Department, College of Information Technology, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia); Sharifah Rabeah Syed Taha (Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to identify knowledge requirement for senior citizens’ and single mothers’ community of practice (COP). The study will evaluate the problems faced by senior citizens while using computer and the most popular computer technologies used among this community. This study will also identify the specific knowledge sharing tools preferred by single mothers’. This paper formulates some hypothesis based on a survey and analysis conducted in early 2010 to identify the requirements and opportunity of sharing knowledge among the both COPs. Findings shows that specific computer technology requirement and suitable content of web portal that suits the senior citizens is essential these community sees computer as a tool to expand their new learning skills. The single mothers’ requires entrepreneurship and their rights to be more alert on the issues related to them. This paper also examines a proposed knowledge sharing framework to get it adapted for both communities |
| Keywords: | Framework, Senior Citizens, Single Mothers, Knowledge Management |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-012-122&r=sea |
| By: | Giulietti, Corrado (IZA); Ning, Guangjie (Nankai University); Zimmermann, Klaus F. (IZA and University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the determinants of self-employment among rural to urban migrants in China. Two self-selection mechanisms are analysed: the first relates to the manner in which migrants choose self-employment or paid work based on the potential gains from either type of employment; the second takes into account that the determinants of the migration decision can be correlated with employment choices. Using data from the 2008 Rural-Urban Migration in China and Indonesia (RUMiCI) survey, a selection model with endogenous switching is estimated. Earnings estimates are then used to derive the wage differential, which in turn is used to model the employment choice. The procedure is extended to account for migration selectivity and to compare individuals with different migration background and employment histories. The results indicate that self-employed individuals are positively selected with respect to their unobserved characteristics. Furthermore, the wage differential is found to be an important driver of the self-employment choice. |
| Keywords: | self-employment, wages, rural to urban migration, selection bias magnets, European Union |
| JEL: | J23 J61 O15 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp5805&r=sea |
| By: | Akmal Abdul Manap; Othman Aman (Faculty of Technology Management and Technopreneurship, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Filda Rahmiati |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the level of awareness and determines tourism innovation impact to the quality of life (QOL) of residents. The main study aims that residents’ of tourism innovation impacts (economic, social, cultural, and environmental) affects their satisfaction of particular life domains. Accordingly, the study proposed three major hypotheses: (1) tourism innovation impacts affects their QOL (economy) in the community, (2) tourism innovation impacts affects their QOL impacts affects their QOL (social) in the community. The sample population consisting of residents residing in Melaka River was surveyed |
| Keywords: | tourism innovation, quality of life, sungai Melaka, tourism and local community |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-026_215&r=sea |
| By: | Aliyu Ahmad Aliyu; Rozilah Kasim (PhD); David Martin (PhD) (Faculty of Technology Management, Business and Entrepreneurships Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the paper is to examine the problem of finance for home acquisition by private residential property developers in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria |
| Keywords: | Developers, Finance, Home acquisition Problem, Nigeria, Private residential property |
| JEL: | M00 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-020_192&r=sea |