|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Doraisami, Anita (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Several countries have employed countercyclical fiscal policy to ameliorate the impact of the global financial crisis. This study identifies some of the issues and policy implications associated with this policy response in developing countries. Included are case studies of four developing countries in the Asian region—Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore. The findings point to a rich diversity in both the size and composition of fiscal stimulus and the challenges which are confronted. This study suggests several steps that countries might take to improve the impact of expansionary fiscal policy in response to future downturns. These include (i) embedding automatic stabilizing impulses through the provision of social safety nets; (ii) increasing tax revenues collected from personal and corporate taxes, by reducing labor market informality through improvements in the business environment; (iii) safeguarding fiscal sustainability; (iv) rebalancing growth by strengthening other sectors of the economy; (v) reducing expenditures on subsidies; and (vi) ensuring smooth and efficient budget execution. |
| Keywords: | countercyclical fiscal policy; asia fiscal policy; fiscal policy; global financial crisis |
| JEL: | E60 E61 E62 E63 |
| Date: | 2011–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0288&r=sea |
| By: | Nanthakumar Loganathan; Suriyani Muhamad; Nor Haslina Mohamad Akhir (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this study is to identify the link between fiscal adjustment and dynamic economic performance in Malaysia using time series data for entire period of 1980-2009. To examine the long-run relationship between fiscal adjustment and economic performance, this has study employed the Gregory-Hansen cointegration approach to capture the endogenous structural breaks in long-run equilibrium relationship with three different specifications. The finding of this study indicates that there is long-run positive cointegration relationship between fiscal adjustment and economic performance in Malaysia. Therefore, the finding of this study clearly shows that the dynamic and continuous economics performance is a key element of the successful of the stability of Malaysia’s economic in Southeast Asian region, although have faced several economic crisis. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal adjustment, Economic performance, Gregory-Hansen |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-053&r=sea |
| By: | Cordelia Mason (International School of Entrepreneurship, Universiti Kuala Lumpur) |
| Abstract: | IOI Corporation, or commonly referred to as IOI, is one of Malaysia's home grown business conglomerates which started off from humble beginnings in industrial gas manufacturing. Today IOI Group is a global organization with over 150,000 hectares of plantations where 98% are planted with oil palm; 12 palm oil mills across Malaysia; three CPO refineries with total capacity of 1.8 million MT/yr located in Peninsular and East Malaysia, and Rotterdam in the Netherlands; the largest oleochemical plants in Asia; and specialty fats plants across the world in the Netherlands, the United States, Egypt, Canada, and Malaysia (source: IOI Annual Report 2009).The Group’s plantation business strong growth in a short span of 24 years since 1983 was achieved through acquisitions and distinctive plantation management practices which emphasizes on continuous improvements in yields and cost efficiencies. As a major player in the oil palm industry, which is the third biggest contributor to the Malaysian economy (,Economic Report 2007/2008), IOI corporation faces many challenges to sustain its competitiveness. What strategic moves must IOI take to remain tops in this oil palm industry? This paper seeks to provide a perspective on how IOI Corporation can sustain its competitiveness by undertaking a SWOT Analysis the corporation. A diagnosis of the corporation is made after the SWOT analysis |
| Keywords: | Competitiveness, SWOT Anlaysis, Oil palm industry, Case study |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-140&r=sea |
| By: | Lee, Bernard (Asian Development Bank Institute); Wang, Hefei (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the increasingly important roles of Asian official institutions in the new global financial landscape and the reasons that have led to the build-up of massive public surpluses. We re-examine the role of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) as the de facto "global lender of last resort" during the recent financial crisis. Specifically, we analyze SWFs’ balance sheet characteristics, target allocations strategies, strategic agendas and political realities, management philosophies, and other real-world challenges, both before and after the crisis. Part of our analysis incorporates data which includes announced deals, regulatory filings, balance sheet information, and actual performance data made available by specific SWFs. We also point out a logical inconsistency in the common application of the Berk-Green alpha argument to the management of SWFs. For instance, the recent work done by Ang, Goetzmann, and Schaefer (2009) suggests limited or no evidence that alpha-seeking activities have impacts on SWF performance. We argue that the problem may be partially due to the choice of an appropriate performance benchmark for such large, non-commercial mandates. Finally, we propose a set of principles to construct a fair performance benchmark for SWFs. |
| Keywords: | sovereign wealth funds; global financial crisis; public surpluses; global financial system |
| JEL: | F31 F32 F33 |
| Date: | 2011–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0287&r=sea |
| By: | Jonah Busch (Conservation International, Arlington, VA); Ruben Lubowski (Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC); Fabiano Godoy (Conservation International, Arlington, VA); Marc Steininger (Conservation International, Arlington, VA); Arief Anshory Yusuf (Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University); Kemen Austin (World Resources Institute, Washington, DC); Jenny Hewson (Conservation International, Arlington, VA); Daniel Juhn (Conservation International, Arlington, VA); Muhammad Farid (Conservation International, Jakarta, Indonesia); Frederick Boltz (Conservation International, Arlington, VA) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the impacts that alternative national and sub-national economic incentive structures for reducing emissions from deforestation (REDD+) in Indonesia would have had on greenhouse gas emissions and national and local revenue if they had been in place from 2000-2005. The impact of carbon payments on deforestation is calibrated econometrically from the pattern of observed deforestation and spatial variation in the benefits and costs of converting land to agriculture over that time period. We estimate that at an international carbon price of $10/tCO2e, a “basic voluntary incentive structure” modeled after a traditional payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) program would have reduced emissions nationally by 62 MtCO2e/yr, or 8% below the without-REDD+ reference scenario (95% CI: 45-76 MtCO2e/yr; 6-9%), while generating a programmatic budget shortfall. By making four policy improvements—paying for net emission reductions at the scale of an entire district rather than site-by-site, paying for reductions relative to estimated business-as-usual levels rather than historical levels, sharing a portion of district-level revenues with the national government, and sharing a portion of the national government’s responsibility for costs with districts—an “improved voluntary incentive structure” would have reduced emissions by 175 MtCO2e/yr, or 22% below the reference scenario (95% CI: 136-207 MtCO2e/yr; 17-26%), while generating a programmatic budget surplus. A “regulatory incentive structure” such as a cap-and-trade or symmetric tax-and-subsidy program would have reduced emissions by 211/yr, or 26% below the reference scenario (95% CI: 163-247 MtCO2e/yr; 20-31%), and would not have required accurate predictions of business-as-usual emissions to guarantee a programmatic budget surplus. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, land-use change, REDD+, reference levels, economic incentives |
| JEL: | Q20 Q23 Q50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unp:wpaper:201105&r=sea |
| By: | Derek Stacey (Queen's University) |
| Abstract: | A theory of land market activity is developed for settings where there is uncertainty and private information about the security of land tenure. Land sellers match with buyers in a competitive search environment, and an illiquid land market emerges as a screening mechanism. As a consequence, adverse selection and an insecure system of property rights stifle land market transactions. The implications of the theory are tested using household level data from Indonesia. As predicted, formally titled land is more liquid than untitled land in the sense that ownership rights are more readily transferable. Additional implications of the theory are verified empirically by constructing a proxy variable for land tenure security and studying the differences between markets for unregistered land across Indonesian provinces. Regional land market activity is appropriately linked to the distribution of the proxy variable. |
| Keywords: | Competitive Search, Land Markets, Tenure Security, Liquidity |
| JEL: | D83 Q15 D23 R23 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:wpaper:1269&r=sea |
| By: | Teguh, Dartanto |
| Abstract: | This study aims at measuring the impact of world price volatility and import tariffs on rice on poverty in Indonesia. Applying a Computable General Equilibrium-Microsimulation approach and the endogenous poverty line, this study found that the volatility of world rice prices during 2007 to 2010 had a large effect on the poverty incidence in Indonesia. The simulation result showed that a 60 per cent increase in world rice price raises the head count index by 0.81 per cent which is equivalent to an increase in the number of poor by 1,687,270. However, both the 40 per cent decrease in the effective import tariffs on rice enacted by regulation No.93/PMK.011/2007 and the zero import tariffs implemented by regulation No. 241/PMK.011/2010 in response to high world rice prices could not perfectly absorb the negative impact of increasing world rice prices on poverty. The 40 per cent decrease in the effective import tariffs on rice reduced the head count index by 0.08 per cent equal to 161,546 people while the zero import tariffs on rice reduced the head count index by 0.19 per cent equal to 390,160 people. These policies might not be enough to absorb the negative impact of an increase in world rice prices from 2007-2010, because, during this period, the world rice prices increased on average by almost 71 per cent, which have impoverished approximately two million people. Moreover, protection in the agricultural sector, such as raising import tariffs, intended to help agricultural producers will have the reverse effect of raising the head count index. |
| Keywords: | Rice Policy; Import Tariffs; Poverty; CGE; Microsimulation. |
| JEL: | D12 D58 I32 Q18 |
| Date: | 2010–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:31451&r=sea |
| By: | Wan Liza (University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin, USA and Private Law Department, IIUM) |
| Abstract: | Of late, the element of competition has posed to be a conundrum to the emerging economies; Malaysia is no exception. Selection of economies theories indicated; competition has been used in innumerable sense. Entrepreneurial competition among producers defines competition as an attempt to offer product at lower prices, in contrast to the adjective; competition policy denotes deregulation of markets with a framework that elevates market disciplines, eliminates distortion and promotes economic efficiency. In developing a competitive framework: a significant question arose; does competition policy merely generates economic efficiency? Empirical analysis on trade and communication has indicated positive impacts. However, competition in Malaysia i.e. implemented through sector regulation; for example in electricity generation has shown little changes on economic efficiency and other benefits. This paper suggests competition policy advocates economic advantages and maximization of other benefits i.e. customer welfare. Simultaneously effects business dynamics. The key to workable ‘model’ originates from strong and independent structural and administrative implementation of the policy. This research reiterates plausible arguments of the benefits i.e. competitive markets generate efficiency and allow for the reflection of true prices in the markets. Alternatively, it also highlights competition impacts on business dynamics and cognizance of Malaysian Competition Act 2010 |
| Keywords: | competition, competition policy, economic efficiency, Malaysia and Competition Act 2010 |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-114&r=sea |
| By: | Abhishek Kumar; Ashwin Waikos; Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a standard PDE for the pricing of arithmetic average strike Asian call option is presented. A Crank-Nicolson Implicit Method and a Higher Order Compact finite difference scheme for this pricing problem is derived. Both these schemes were implemented for various values of risk free rate and volatility. The option prices for the same set of values of risk free rate and volatility was also computed using Monte Carlo simulation. The comparative results of the two numerical PDE methods shows close match with the Monte Carlo results, with the Higher Order Compact scheme exhibiting a better match. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use the numerical PDE approach for pricing Asian call options with average strike. |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1106.1999&r=sea |
| By: | Angelina Seow Voon, Yee; Derek Seng Wee, Lim (NUBS, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus) |
| Abstract: | Mustapha (2001) advocated that Malaysia is short of skilled workers to meet the demands of economic growth (as cited in Jailani, Rashid, Wahid & Noraini; 2009). Thus, there is a need for vocational and technical education, particularly at post-secondary technician levels (Jailani et. al.; 2009) to meet the shortage. Despite the need, there are many challenges faced by polytechnics. This study intends to investigate the critical challenges faced by polytechnics in the Northern and Central Region of Malaysia on case study basis and to put forth recommendations for practical implementations. Based on the literature review, the tentative key critical challenges has been identified which are the employability of polytechnic graduates, collaboration of industry with practical knowledge, competent academic staff, adequate infrastructure/funding and resources, reputation and perception of institution, design and development of curriculum. Researchers used the concurrent embedded strategy in mixed research approach, where directors and/or deputy directors and/or head or department have been interviewed while academic staffs are surveyed using convenience sampling method. Questionnaires are distributed to triangulate the data from qualitative method. After that, researchers analyses the qualitative data using Nvivo as a tool based on thematic coding and quantitative data using Excel and SPSS software as analysis tools to perform descriptive analysis |
| Keywords: | Critical Challenges, Polytechnic, Northern and Central |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-127&r=sea |
| By: | Tan Pei Kian (Faculty of Business and Law, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | The study aimed to investigate the critical success factors of service recovery towards service quality at the National University of Malaysia (UKM) library. The study also proposes a model of systematic complaint management which applied to academic library as a tool of service recovery. The variables included in this research are empowerment, culture and psychology, management system, compensation and speed of recovery as the independent variables and service quality as the dependent variable. A questionnaire was designed and used as the data gathering instrument based on past research. A total of 315 samples were successfully gathered from 377 questionnaires distributed among the regular users of Tun Seri Lanang Library (UKM). Based on the generated results, it’s proven that there is a positive significant relationship between service recovery and service quality (r = 0.632**, p = 0.000) at the 1 per cent significance level |
| Keywords: | Service recovery, Complaint management, Service quality, Library |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-118&r=sea |
| By: | Amirul Afif Muhamat; Mohammad Nizam Jaafar; Hardi Emrie Rosly (Department of Risk Management & Financial Services, Faculty of Business Management, UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses on the potential of revitalizing the idle waqaf lands for agribusiness activities. The study employs secondary data gathered from relevant authorities which then interpolated to determine meaningful result. The study indicates that there lucrative revenue that can be generated from agribusiness activities. However, a better management and coordination at the macro and micro level is needed amongst the various stakeholders to ensure the idle waqaf lands will be utilized efficiently. The constraint of this study is in term of having latest empirical data on the official size based on the suitability of the waqaf lands for agriculture. Nevertheless, the limitation of the study can be an opportunity for future study. The outcome from this study will create awareness on the potential of waqf lands in agribusiness activities and the lucrative returns that this sector can produce. In addition, the study will contribute in enriching literature in this field. There is limited study has been done in measuring the potential of waqaf lands for agribusiness activities. Thus, this paper is one of its kinds in exploring the potential of waqaf lands |
| Keywords: | Waqaf lands, Agribusiness, Waqaf, Islamic finance, Jawhar |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-136&r=sea |
| By: | Akbar Ali Mohamed Noordin; Zulkeply Kamaruddin; Afizan Amer; Danial Fahmi Zulkepli (Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | In this research, the effectiveness is defined by the success of a sponsorship program to capture the audience attention in elevating the brand power and brand image. Today, a large number of events are using sponsorship support to offer more exciting programs and to help defray rising costs. Sponsorship allows companies to reach specifically targeted niche markets without any waste. Sponsorship offers the possibility of achieving several goals at once. Just like attendance profiles, marketing opportunities or media coverage, this rich emotional content of sport events may affect sponsors’ return on investment. Most sponsorship deals involve long-term relationship. The visibility of sponsorship is bound to affect the image of the company as surely as the company’s logo and livery. Subsequently, an unpleasant thought-out sponsorship may deliver no effect or in certain case scenario it may backfire the sponsorship return on investment. The purpose of this quantitative study is to understand the effectiveness of Kia Motors sponsoring The FIFA World Cup 2010 to enhance branding. From the result of this research, it is clear that Congruence between Sponsor and Sponsored Object, Sponsored Object Category Involvement, Sponsor Category Involvement, Sponsorship Attitude helps the sponsorship program of Kia sponsoring The FIFA World Cup 2010 to be effective. Some of the respondent has also give a good opinion that sponsorship creates a better atmosphere in a sports competition as well as it is a colorful to the sport competition. It is good that Kia have chosen the World Cup as a sponsorship medium because it leads to a successful and effective sponsorship program |
| Keywords: | sponsorship, marketing, effectiveness |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-106&r=sea |
| By: | Elsadig Musa Ahmed (Faculty of Business and Law, Multimedia University (MMU), Melaka, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | This study attempts to fill the gap of extensive growth theory model by providing statistical analysis in a parametric form that removed the doubts in the results generated. Using this model, the factors affecting the output growth in the food industries were identified in this study to be the individual contributions of capital, labour, material as well as the combined contributions of the quality of these inputs, which were expressed as the total factor productivity (TFP) growth |
| Keywords: | Malaysian food industry, productivity performance, total factor productivity |
| JEL: | O12 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-069&r=sea |
| By: | Hoang Van Long; Mitsuyasu Yabe (Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan) |
| Abstract: | In Vietnam, the poor have long been assumed to be the ethnic minorities mostly living in the highlands. After more than two decades of introducing Doi moi policy into the economy, along with having enjoyed various improvements in social and economic aspects, the disparities between the majority and ethnic majorities, the lowlands and the highlands, and between regions, still have been widened. This paper aims at examining income inequality, its affecting factors in rural areas, and exploring the current situation of regional economic disparities using both development policy review and econometrics approaches. Data from Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) 2008 was used in the study. The expenditure per capita was employed as the dependent variable to regress with household characteristics and resources. In addition, the regional dummy variables were employed to show the different effects from different geographic locations. The results showed that the household characteristics and resources such as education level, perennial land area, water surface area, and the accessibility to infrastructure facilities such as road, electricity and local market had positive effect on expenditure. Furthermore, the North Central Coast region showed negative impact on household expenditure. Interestingly, this finding does not absolutely follow the hypothesis and indicates that the economic development strategy and polices should be adjusted to decrease the gap among regions based on their economic advantages for balancing the economic situation of the whole country in the future |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Disparity, Regional Development, Rural Development, Vietnam |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-119&r=sea |
| By: | Teoh See Wie; Liew Lai Lai (Wawasan Open University); Ruzita Mustaffa (Ministry of Health, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | The present study sought to evaluate the current level of job satisfaction, job commitment and the relationship between job commitments with the predictors of job satisfaction among health care workers in selected community clinics in Lower Perak District, Perak, Malaysia. 141 staffs from 7 community clinics voluntarily participated in this study. Data were gathered by survey questionnaire that consisted of a series of psychometrically sound scales to examine the various variables in the study. In general, the analyses suggested that health care workers were moderately satisfied and committed to their current jobs. In particular, working condition, pay and benefit were three factors that significantly motivated them. In contrast, none of the predicting factors of job satisfaction was significantly associated with job commitment. Our findings indicated that the motivational needs of health care employee was still situated at the low level of Maslow’s motivational needs pyramid, i.e. the belongingness level. This study also indicated that the community health care workers have similar organisation behaviour, which was consistent to custodial model. Pay and benefit were the most important attractions to motivate them continuously |
| Keywords: | Job Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Health Care |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-091&r=sea |
| By: | Angelina Seow Voon, Yee; Jin Sheng, Liew (NUBS, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus) |
| Abstract: | Polytechnic Transformation Plan is launched to reinforce the role of polytechnics and technical education in Malaysia. The third thrust of the Plan puts forth the need to equip polytechnics’ teaching personnel and support staff with high skills and competency (MoHE, 2009). As a result, performance of teaching personnel needs to be evaluated to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching personnel in polytechnics and thus, it is crucial to assert the key indicators used. Based on the literature review, the tentative key indicators identified include, teaching and supervision, research and innovation, administrative tasks, professional activities and services to community. These key indicators are tested in polytechnic context on comparative basis between Northern and Central Region in Malaysia. Researchers employed hybrid/mixed method as the research approach for this study because the method elaborate or develop analysis by providing richer details, and initiate new line of thinking through attention to surprise and provide fresh sight. Amongst the six strategies introduced by Creswell (2003), concurrent embedded strategy is implemented to empirically test the research objective. The purpose of this strategy is to use quantitative data and results to assist in the interpretation of qualitative findings through triangulation. Researchers interviewed the Directors and/or Deputy Directors/Heads of Department of the polytechnic on face-to-face semi-structured basis. In addition, questionnaires developed are distributed to academic staff of the polytechnics to gather their perspective on the key indicators of academic Performance Measurement System. The data collected via interviews are transcribed and translated into English for data analysis process using thematic coding. Besides that, quantitative data are described and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) as a tool |
| Keywords: | Academic Staff, Performance Measurement System, Polytechnic, Key Indicators |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-120&r=sea |
| By: | Tinh Doan (Ministry of Economic Development); John Gibson (University of Waikato); Mark Holmes (University of Waikato) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a novelty dataset of poor households in peri-urban areas in Vietnam to estimate impacts of small loans on child schooling. The Probit and Negative Binomial model estimates roughly indicate no strong evidence of the effect, especially of informal credit. Formal credit is likely to have positive impacts on child schooling, but its effect is not strong enough to be conclusive. The paper suggests that to obtain the target of sustainable poverty reduction, easing access to formal credit sources as well as exempting tuition and other school fees are necessary to keep poor children at schools longer. |
| Keywords: | school enrolment; education gap; probit; negative binomial model;the poor; child schooling; peri-urban; Vietnam |
| JEL: | C14 C21 H81 |
| Date: | 2011–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wai:econwp:11/10&r=sea |
| By: | Teh Thian Lai (S.M.K. Toh Indera Wangsa Ahmad. BG. Perak, Malaysia); Asst. Prof. Dr. Wong Kee Luen; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ngerng Mian Hong (Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman) |
| Abstract: | This research served the intention of examining the relationship between perceptions of principal leadership styles and teachers’ organizational commitment between performing and underperforming schools as well as to identify the leaders’ gender as a moderating variable. Other influential factors including teacher age, position tenure, years of experiences, religion and educational level as suggested by previous researches are being investigated in this study to further clarify this relationship. Three domains of leadership styles namely Transformational, Transactional and Nurturant were apply. The former and later types of leadership were chosen was based on the concept of “Caring Societal” which the MOE trying to instill in our educational scenario. Teachers’ commitment was examined using questionnaires developed by Meyer and Allen’s (1997). Gender of principals is added to serve as a moderating effect on this relationship which is basically based on this pre-dominant Muslim society where the preferably leadership gender is still male |
| Keywords: | Affective (AC), Continuance (CC), Normative (NC), Transformational, Transactional, Nurturant |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-100&r=sea |
| By: | Gopalan Raman; Charles Ramendran; Prashanth Beleya; Suresh Nadeson; Lawrence Arokiasamy (Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UTAR)) |
| Abstract: | Three generations of workforce has emerged in the ever progressive and dynamics world. The shifting power of work force in these three generations has given a great significant in performance of an organization, in this case the Institution of Higher Learning (IHLs). This does not exclude Malaysia as it is emerging as one of the many countries with high investment and focus on IHLs. IHLs in 21st century must recognize the important and impact of generations shift. Generation Y work force in IHLs is the new influence power of shift. Knowing and acknowledging the significant contribution of generation Y and their aspiration is a challenge for every IHLs. Therefore being sensitive towards generation Y will determine the progressive success of IHLs. Generation Y academicians in IHLs in their junior level has been increasing and factors such as demographic, Key Performance Index (KPI), quality research paper and other requirement by the government will play a vital role in sustaining and retaining the young academicians. Mobility of work force particularly generation Y has been a common trend and it’s determined their staying power as well as their growth. The uniqueness of this paper focuses on the literature of generation Y, its sustainability and retaining of young academicians in IHLs |
| Keywords: | Generation Y, Academicians, Institution of Higher Learning |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-059&r=sea |
| By: | Yuen-Onn Choong; Kee-Luen Wong; Teck-Chai Lau (University Tun Abdul Razak (UTAR)) |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment of academics in Malaysian Private Universities. The research is aim to appraise the existing literatures and eventually set the research agenda. Past studies revealed that there are relationships between the four cognitions of psychological empowerment: meaning, self-determination, competence and impact cognitions with organizational commitment. Furthermore, the extant literature also encapsulates the relationships between psychological empowerment and the three dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, normative and continuance commitment. However, results from the existing literatures are shown to be inconsistent. The paper concludes with suggestions for educational leaders to focus on enhancing psychological empowerment of impact, meaning and competence cognitions in order to increase academic staff commitment within an organization. Successfully shaping the attitude of academics in private universities will lead to improvement of overall organizational performance |
| Keywords: | Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Commitment |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-060&r=sea |
| By: | A. Ashrafi; A.B. Jaafar; L.S. Lee; M.R. Abu Bakar (Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)) |
| Abstract: | As a non-parametric technique in Operations Research and Economics, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluates the relative efficiency of peer production systems or decision making units (DMUs) that have multiple inputs and outputs. In recent years, a great number of DEA studies have focused on two-stage production systems in series, where all outputs from the first stage are intermediate products that make up the inputs to the second stage. There are, of course, other types of two-stage processes that the inputs of the system can be freely allocated among two stages. For this type of two-stage production system, the conventional two-stage DEA models have some limitations e.g. efficiency formulation and linearizing transformation. In this paper, we introduce a relational DEA model, considering series relationship among two stages, to measure the overall efficiency of two-stage production systems with shared inputs. The linearity of DEA models is preserved in our model. The proposed DEA model not only evaluates the efficiency of the whole process, but also it provides the efficiency for each of the two sub-processes. A numerical example of US commercial banks from literature is used to clarify the model. |
| Keywords: | Data envelopment analysis, Decision making unit, Two-stage, Shared input, Efficiency |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-051&r=sea |
| By: | Othman Mohd. Yunus (Universiti Teknologi Mara (Perak)); Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim (Universiti Teknologi Mara); Alwi Bin Shabuddin (Universiti Teknologi Mara); Munira Mazlan |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks to explore work ethic of Malaysian civil servants. Positive work ethic among others emphasize on hard work, commitment and dedication, and avoidance of wealth accumulation through unethical methods. This ethic is indeed valued by organizations. Employees holding strongly to positive work ethic ensure organization of its goal. The questionnaire used to gauge the level of work ethic among Malaysian civil servants is the Islamic work ethic developed by Ali (1988). A total of 90 civil servants of the Islamic faith responded to the questionnaire. The result shows respondents hold strongly to Islamic work ethic |
| Keywords: | Human Resource Management, Organizational Behavior, Ethic |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-109&r=sea |
| By: | Saratha Sathasivam (School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Neural Networks represent a meaningfully different approach to using computers in the workplace. A neural network is used to learn patterns and relationships in data. The data may be the results of a market research effort, or the results of a production process given varying operational conditions. Regardless of the specifics involved, applying a neural network is a substantial departure from traditional approaches. In this paper we will look into how neural networks is used in data mining. The ultimate goal of data mining is prediction - and predictive data mining is the most common type of data mining and one that has the most direct business applications. Therefore, we will consider how this technique can be used to classify the performance status of a departmental store in monitoring their products |
| Keywords: | Neural networks, data mining, prediction |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-137&r=sea |
| By: | Fadilah Bt Puteh; Nor Intan Rafidah Binti Abd Radzuan; Noor Shahidah Shazlina Bt Abd Ghafar (Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, University Teknologi MARA) |
| Abstract: | When CUEPACS called for Malaysian Government to increase the retirement age from 56 to 60, many believes that the bold moves provides more rooms for the civil servants to have prudent financial security for the retirement preparation. On 1st July 2008, government has approved the raising of retirement age from 56 to 58 years old and it was gazetted in PKPA 6/2008 (Reference No: JPA/PEN/228/25/1/Jld 4). However, many research shows that there are mixture feeling between those who prefer to retire early and those who do not. This paper aims to look at the association between the effects of new retirement age policy with the variables. This study involves 200 public sector employees from Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) Headquarter in Kuala Lumpur as our respondents using questionnaire. Our objectives are (1) we want to determine whether there are relationship between new retirement age with job performance, career advancement, financial security and also job satisfaction, (2) what is the level of perception among the public sector employees on the factors affected by the new retirement age policy. The findings show that there are positive relationship between the new retirement age with job performance, career advancement, financial security and job satisfaction. Job performance and job satisfaction shows a moderate relationship with the value of 0.424 and 0.576 while career advancement and financial security shows a low relationship with the value of 0.256 and 0.388. High total mean score of career advancement (4.0286) and job performance (3.9075) shows that these two factors are highly affected by the new retirement age policy while financial security and also job satisfaction have moderate mean scores. We also found out that the percentage of civil servants that agree to the new retirement age (44%) is not much different from those who disagree (42%) |
| Keywords: | retirement, public sector employees, job performance, financial security, career advancement, job satisfaction |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-081&r=sea |
| By: | Prof. Dr. Abu Hassan Shaari Md Nor; Behrooz Gharleghi (Faculty of Economic and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia); Prof. Dr. Khairuddin Omar (Faculty of Science Information and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia); Dr. Tamat Sarmidi (Faculty of Economic and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Financial systems, such as the exchange rate market, are generally complex systems with limited information about the underlying mechanisms governing the data. Such systems are often characterised as ‘‘black boxes” and hence the internal mechanisms and relations among the elements of the system can be ignored while concentrating on the study of the relationship between the system’s input(s)/output(s). Financial systems are also generally assumed to be nonlinear systems, which increase the level of difficulty in accurately predicting their behaviour. Despite these difficulties, the financial implications of accurate prediction of the financial markets’ movements have encouraged researchers and practitioners to employ a variety of modelling methods |
| Keywords: | ANNs, ARIMA, hybrid models |
| JEL: | C22 C45 C53 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:2icb11:2011-087&r=sea |