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on Small Business Management |
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Issue of 2026–09–14
eighteen papers chosen by João Carlos Correia Leitão, Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Mutsamwira, Sam |
| Abstract: | This review synthesises the literature on university entrepreneurial ecosystems to understand their role in fostering university spin-off companies as drivers of economic development. This study adopts a systematised conceptual literature review design, employing a structured search and thematic synthesis to develop an integrative conceptual framework that positions university entrepreneurial ecosystems as a dynamic interplay between internal (e.g. university leadership, faculty) and external (e.g. government, venture capitalists) stakeholders. The framework identifies knowledge spillover and transfer as key mediating processes, and highlights intellectual property frameworks and mechanisms (e.g. university IP policy, legal system) as a critical moderator that can either enable or constrain academic entrepreneurship, and subsequently spin-off formation. Applying this lens to New Zealand, a paradoxical situation was uncovered: while home to a recognised “emerging world leading” university entrepreneurial ecosystem, there is a significant paucity of recent, system-wide academic research. Key gaps are identified, including the need for longitudinal data on spin-offs performances, and a deeper understanding of internal ecosystem dynamics like the critical imperative to integrate Mātauranga Māori (Māori traditional knowledge) into commercialisation pathways. This review provides a foundation for future empirical research and offers insights for policymakers and university leaders in New Zealand and other small, innovative economies. |
| Keywords: | University entrepreneurial ecosystems; Academic entrepreneurship; University spin-offs; Technology transfer; Knowledge spillovers; Intellectual property frameworks; Innovation systems; Research commercialisation; Stakeholder dynamics; Regional innovation; Higher education and innovation;Māori traditional knowledge; Mātauranga Māori; New Zealand innovation policy |
| JEL: | I23 I25 K11 L26 M13 O25 O3 R58 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128327 |
| By: | Toni Juuti |
| Abstract: | I explore the origins of the positive association between socio-economic background and entrepreneurship. Using Finnish administrative data, I show that children from the top 1% of the parental income distribution are more than five times as likely to become business owners and almost three times as likely to become “real entrepreneurs”, who found new firms, as those from the bottom 50%. Similar patterns appear when using parental wealth instead of income, though the effects are somewhat smaller in magnitude. The strongest channel behind the over-representation of entrepreneurs from high-income families is prior experience of business ownership before founding new firms. I rationalize this finding by developing an “ownership ladder” model, where entrepreneurship is the second step on the ladder, and parental resources are associated with people stepping onto that ladder early. Furthermore, there are distinctive differences in the industries of the new firms by entrepreneurs’ parental background, which suggests that coming from prosperous origins is positively associated with human capital that provides entrepreneurial opportunities. The socio-economic background of entrepreneurs appears only weakly related to the initial equity of new firms, suggesting that liquidity constraints are not especially important. Nor can the selection pattern be explained by income shifting or shell companies. The performance of firms and the personal income development of entrepreneurs differ only slightly by socio-economic background. However, since business owners and entrepreneurs tend to earn much more than wage earners or the unincorporated self-employed, the highly non-linear selection patterns have major implications for intergenerational income mobility. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, socio-economic background |
| JEL: | G51 J24 L26 |
| Date: | 2026–03–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pst:wpaper:360 |
| By: | Brancati, Emanuele (Sapienza University of Rome); Nucci, Francesco (Sapienza University of Rome); Pietrovito, Filomena (University of Molise); Pozzolo, Alberto (Roma Tre University) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the interplay between firms' credit constraints, innovation, and export decisions. Using survey data for Italian manufacturing firms, we document strong complementarity between the two activities: innovation raises export participation, while exporting stimulates R&D. Credit rationing significantly reduces both the probability and intensity of exporting and innovation, but its effects are heterogeneous. The negative impact of credit rationing on export participation is substantially attenuated by innovation, whereas exporting provides only limited protection against the effects of financing constraints on innovation. We interpret these findings through a stylized theoretical framework in which exporting and innovation are mutually reinforcing but operate through distinct channels: innovation directly enhances export profitability through cost reductions, whereas exporting stimulates innovation only indirectly by expanding market opportunities. Overall, our findings suggest that policies fostering innovation may generate a double dividend by promoting technological upgrading while simultaneously strengthening firms' ability to sustain export activity under financial constraints. |
| Keywords: | innovation, exporting, financial constraints |
| JEL: | F14 G21 O31 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18902 |
| By: | Benjamín Cornejo-Costas |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how cultural diversity of migrant inventors' teams influences a region’s capacity to produce green breakthrough innovations. It posits that highly skilled migrants enhance diversity, driving the recombination of new and impactful green technologies. The research also emphasises the significance of local capabilities in enabling regions to absorb and utilise the diverse knowledge these teams bring. Using patent data and inventor nationalities, the study analyses green breakthrough innovations across 281 NUTS2 regions in Europe over a span of 20 years. The findings reveal that cultural diversity plays a critical role in fostering such innovations. Moreover, this effect is amplified when new technologies are related to existing ones in the region, underscoring the importance of local capabilities. This research contributes to Evolutionary Economic Geography by highlighting how a region’s technological portfolio supports the development of related technologies while emphasising the vital role of diverse knowledge in driving green innovation. |
| Keywords: | cultural diversity, migrant inventors, breakthrough innovations, related capabilities |
| JEL: | F22 J61 O31 O33 Q55 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2621 |
| By: | Mr. Takuji Komatsuzaki; Théodore Renault |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the drivers of labor productivity growth in the Nordic countries, using both sectoral and firm-level data over the period 2000–2024. The sectoral analysis documents a broad-based slowdown in labor productivity growth, driven primarily by within-industry developments rather than shifts in the sectoral composition of employment. Firm-level evidence shows that productivity growth is increasingly concentrated among frontier firms—the most productive firms within each industry—while the rest of the firm distribution (“laggards”) has experienced weak or stagnant productivity growth. A decomposition of frontier productivity growth reveals that gains among incumbent frontier firms account for most productivity growth at the frontier across countries. The contribution of net firm entry is highly heterogeneous, and is positive mainly in countries where young entering firms exhibit strong productivity momentum upon joining the frontier. The paper finds evidence of productivity diffusion from frontier to laggard firms but shows that the speed of diffusion has declined since the 2010s. The slower diffusion is closely associated with rising persistence at the productivity frontier: when the same firms remain at the frontier for longer periods, opportunities for laggards to catch up are reduced. Overall, the findings highlight that sustaining aggregate productivity growth hinges not only on innovation at the frontier but also on firm dynamism—particularly entry, exit, and turnover at the frontier—to ensure that productivity gains diffuse broadly across the economy. |
| Keywords: | Labor productivity; frontier firms; technology diffusion; Nordic countries; firm dynamics; productivity gap; structural change |
| Date: | 2026–08–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2026/178 |
| By: | Jarkko Harju; Toni Juuti; Tuomas Matikka |
| Abstract: | Using full-population data from Finland, we show that individuals at the top of the income distribution are significantly more likely to start new incorporated businesses. High-income earners also establish more successful and productive businesses than others. In contrast, parental income is not linked with selection into new entrepreneurship or firm-level outcomes. We find that income gains from entrepreneurship are rather similar across individual and parental characteristics, and that entrepreneurship is associated with upward income mobility regardless of initial income levels. Overall, our findings suggest that entrepreneurship can serve as an upward economic ladder for individuals from diverse backgrounds. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, income mobility, productivity |
| JEL: | L26 J24 J3 |
| Date: | 2026–01–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pst:wpaper:358 |
| By: | Irawan, Yenny; , Diana; Fajri, Heri; , Mariana; Aini, Zahriatul (Politeknik Kutaraja); AR, M Yazid |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the influence of BSI Mitraguna financing on the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Aceh, with particular attention to the role of financial literacy. Using a quantitative explanatory research design, the study focuses on active BSI Mitraguna financing recipients in Aceh. Respondents were selected based on specific criteria, including a minimum duration of financing engagement and ongoing MSME operations. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling--Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with SmartPLS software. The results reveal that BSI Mitraguna plays a significant role in fostering MSME growth. It not only provides financial capital but also contributes to improving the financial literacy of MSME actors. Furthermore, financial literacy serves as a crucial intermediary, enhancing the effectiveness of financing in driving business development. These findings suggest that microfinance programs are more impactful when integrated with financial education tailored to the specific needs of local entrepreneurs. Ultimately, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on Islamic microfinance by demonstrating that the synergy between financing and financial literacy is essential for sustainable MSME development. It also provides practical implications for policymakers and financial institutions to design integrated financing models that not only support capital access but also strengthen entrepreneurial capacity, thereby enhancing long-term economic resilience and inclusive growth |
| Date: | 2026–07–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:pr45w_v1 |
| By: | Paolo Fornaro |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I review the empirical literature of the last 20 or so years on the impact of public support to R&D, focusing on direct R&D subsidies and on R&D tax credits. The review considers both the impacts on R&D inputs, meaning private R&D expenditures, and outputs, such as patenting activity and productivity growth. In the survey, I include both macro-level studies, which examine the effects of public R&D support at the aggregate level, and micro-level analyses, which evaluate the impacts on firm- and worker-level outcomes. The studies covered in the review indicate a strong effectiveness of public R&D policies in stimulating private R&D activity. The effects on innovation and productivity are more uncertain, and might take long to materialize, but most of the works considered gave a positive assessment of public support to R&D. |
| Keywords: | R&D, public R&D policy, public innovation policy, productivity growth, literature review |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2026–08–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pst:wpaper:364 |
| By: | Tiessé Traoré (USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Mohamed Traoré (USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Salifou Konimba (USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Ibrahim Sanogo (USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako) |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a central role in Mali's economic fabric by contributing significantly to wealth and job creation. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), Malian SMEs account for 55% of the country's gross domestic product (AfDB, 2021). However, despite this strategic role, their access to bank financing remains limited. Various studies have highlighted several factors in the literature; however, certain aspects related to country specific characteristics appear to have been overlooked. The objective of this article is to identify the main factors related to SME financing and Mali's specific context. Methodologically, this research adopts an exploratory approach based primarily on the use of secondary data, supplemented by an analysis of the Malian financial system and its financing mechanisms. The results show that the main factors relate to the Malian financial system and aspects specific to SMEs. The study highlights that, generally speaking, microenterprises have greater access to bank financing than SMEs in the WAEMU region and in Mali in particular. The study could serve as a basis for examining the factors underlying this paradox. Finally, it suggests alternative approaches notably those based on the quality of the financial system, financial literacy, and managerial competence to examine the specific challenges SMEs face in accessing financing in Mali. |
| Abstract: | Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) occupent une place centrale dans le tissu économique malien en contribuant significativement à la création de richesse et d'emplois. Selon la BAD, les PME maliennes contribuent dans l'économie à hauteur de 55 % au produit intérieur brut (BAD, 2021). Toutefois, malgré ce rôle stratégique, leur accès au financement bancaire demeure limité. Diverses études ont soulignés plusieurs facteurs dans la littérature, cependant certains aspects relatifs à la particularité des pays semblent négligés. L'objectif de cet article est d'identifier les principaux facteurs relatifs au financement des PME et la particularité malienne. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette recherche adopte une approche exploratoire fondée principalement sur l'exploitation de données secondaires, complétée par une analyse du système financier malien et de ses mécanismes de financement. Les résultats montrent que les principaux facteurs sont relatifs au système financier malien et des aspects spécifiques aux PME. L'étude souligne que d'une manière générale les microentreprises ont plus accès au financement bancaire que les PME dans l'espace UEMAO et au Mali en particulier1. L'étude pourrait être un élément d'appui pour étudier les facteurs explicatifs de ce paradoxe. En fin, elle propose d'autres approches notamment celle basée sur la qualité du système financier, la culture financière et la compétence managériale pour étudier la particularité des difficultés d'accès au financement des PME au Mali. |
| Keywords: | Mali. JEL Classification : G21, PME financement bancaire rationnement du crédit asymétrie d'information Mali. JEL Classification : G21 O16 L26 O55 Type du papier : SME bank financing credit rationing information asymmetry Mali. Classification JEL: G21 O16 L26 O55, PME, financement bancaire, rationnement du crédit, asymétrie d'information, O55 Type du papier : SME, O16, L26, O55, Mali. Classification JEL: G21, information asymmetry, credit rationing, bank financing |
| Date: | 2026–06–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05686373 |
| By: | Mariem Mekkaoui Alaoui (Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]); Laila Ouhna (Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]); Asma Ait Bouadhan (Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]) |
| Abstract: | Résumé L'entrepreneuriat islamique connaît un essor croissant sous l'effet du développement de l'économie halal, de la finance islamique et des innovations numériques conformes aux principes de la charia. Malgré cette dynamique, la littérature demeure fragmentée entre plusieurs axes de recherche, notamment l'Islamic Work Ethic (IWE), l'intention entrepreneuriale, les mécanismes de financement islamique et les marchés halal. Cette étude propose une analyse bibliométrique de la littérature scientifique sur l'entrepreneuriat islamique publiée entre 2010 et 2025 à partir d'un corpus de 341 articles indexés dans Scopus. En mobilisant le package Bibliometrix sous R, l'étude analyse les tendances de publication, les réseaux de collaboration, les auteurs, pays et institutions les plus influents, ainsi que les structures conceptuelles et thématiques du domaine. Les résultats révèlent une croissance soutenue de la production scientifique, dominée principalement par la Malaisie et l'Indonésie, et mettent en évidence le rôle central de l'intention entrepreneuriale, de la religiosité, de l'Islamic Work Ethic et de la finance islamique dans la structuration du champ. L'analyse identifie également l'émergence de nouvelles thématiques liées au crowdfunding islamique, à la fintech islamique, à l'innovation halal et à la digitalisation des activités entrepreneuriales. Toutefois, les interactions entre les valeurs islamiques, les intentions entrepreneuriales, les instruments financiers conformes à la charia et les innovations du marché halal demeurent encore insuffisamment intégrées dans les modèles théoriques existants. Cette recherche contribue ainsi à une meilleure compréhension de la structure intellectuelle de l'entrepreneuriat islamique et propose un agenda de recherche visant à renforcer l'intégration des dimensions éthiques, comportementales, financières et technologiques qui façonnent l'évolution de ce champ. Mots clés : Entrepreneuriat islamique ; Éthique du travail islamique ; Intention entrepreneuriale ; Finance islamique ; Marché halal ; Innovation halal ; Crowdfunding islamique ; Bibliométrie. Abstract Islamic entrepreneurship is experiencing significant growth due to the development of the halal economy, Islamic finance, and digital innovations in accordance with Sharia principles. Despite this dynamic, the literature remains fragmented across several research axes, notably the Islamic Work Ethic (IWE), entrepreneurial intention, Islamic financing mechanisms, and halal markets. This study proposes a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Islamic entrepreneurship published between 2010 and 2025, using 341 Scopus-indexed articles. Using the R Bibliometrix package, the study examines publication trends, collaboration networks, the most influential authors, countries, and institutions, as well as the field's conceptual and thematic structure. The results reveal a sustained growth in scientific production, primarily dominated by Malaysia and Indonesia, and highlight the central role of entrepreneurial intention, religiosity, Islamic Work Ethic, and Islamic finance in the structuring of the field. The analysis also identifies emerging research themes related to Islamic crowdfunding, Islamic fintech, halal innovation, and the digitalization of entrepreneurial activities. However, the relationships among Islamic values, entrepreneurial intentions, Sharia-compliant financial instruments, and halal market innovations remain insufficiently integrated within existing theoretical frameworks. This study contributes to a better understanding of the intellectual structure of Islamic entrepreneurship research and proposes a future research agenda aimed at strengthening the integration of ethical, behavioral, financial, and technological dimensions shaping the evolution of the field. Keywords: Islamic entrepreneurship; Islamic Work Ethic (IWE); Entrepreneurial intention; Islamic finance; Halal market; Halal innovation; Islamic crowdfunding; Bibliometric analysis. |
| Abstract: | Résumé L'entrepreneuriat islamique connaît un essor croissant sous l'effet du développement de l'économie halal, de la finance islamique et des innovations numériques conformes aux principes de la charia. Malgré cette dynamique, la littérature demeure fragmentée entre plusieurs axes de recherche, notamment l'Islamic Work Ethic (IWE), l'intention entrepreneuriale, les mécanismes de financement islamique et les marchés halal. Cette étude propose une analyse bibliométrique de la littérature scientifique sur l'entrepreneuriat islamique publiée entre 2010 et 2025 à partir d'un corpus de 341 articles indexés dans Scopus. En mobilisant le package Bibliometrix sous R, l'étude analyse les tendances de publication, les réseaux de collaboration, les auteurs, pays et institutions les plus influents, ainsi que les structures conceptuelles et thématiques du domaine. Les résultats révèlent une croissance soutenue de la production scientifique, dominée principalement par la Malaisie et l'Indonésie, et mettent en évidence le rôle central de l'intention entrepreneuriale, de la religiosité, de l'Islamic Work Ethic et de la finance islamique dans la structuration du champ. L'analyse identifie également l'émergence de nouvelles thématiques liées au crowdfunding islamique, à la fintech islamique, à l'innovation halal et à la digitalisation des activités entrepreneuriales. Toutefois, les interactions entre les valeurs islamiques, les intentions entrepreneuriales, les instruments financiers conformes à la charia et les innovations du marché halal demeurent encore insuffisamment intégrées dans les modèles théoriques existants. Cette recherche contribue ainsi à une meilleure compréhension de la structure intellectuelle de l'entrepreneuriat islamique et propose un agenda de recherche visant à renforcer l'intégration des dimensions éthiques, comportementales, financières et technologiques qui façonnent l'évolution de ce champ. Mots clés : Entrepreneuriat islamique ; Éthique du travail islamique ; Intention entrepreneuriale ; Finance islamique ; Marché halal ; Innovation halal ; Crowdfunding islamique ; Bibliométrie. Abstract Islamic entrepreneurship is experiencing significant growth due to the development of the halal economy, Islamic finance, and digital innovations in accordance with Sharia principles. Despite this dynamic, the literature remains fragmented across several research axes, notably the Islamic Work Ethic (IWE), entrepreneurial intention, Islamic financing mechanisms, and halal markets. This study proposes a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Islamic entrepreneurship published between 2010 and 2025, using 341 Scopus-indexed articles. Using the R Bibliometrix package, the study examines publication trends, collaboration networks, the most influential authors, countries, and institutions, as well as the field's conceptual and thematic structure. The results reveal a sustained growth in scientific production, primarily dominated by Malaysia and Indonesia, and highlight the central role of entrepreneurial intention, religiosity, Islamic Work Ethic, and Islamic finance in the structuring of the field. The analysis also identifies emerging research themes related to Islamic crowdfunding, Islamic fintech, halal innovation, and the digitalization of entrepreneurial activities. However, the relationships among Islamic values, entrepreneurial intentions, Sharia-compliant financial instruments, and halal market innovations remain insufficiently integrated within existing theoretical frameworks. This study contributes to a better understanding of the intellectual structure of Islamic entrepreneurship research and proposes a future research agenda aimed at strengthening the integration of ethical, behavioral, financial, and technological dimensions shaping the evolution of the field. Keywords: Islamic entrepreneurship; Islamic Work Ethic (IWE); Entrepreneurial intention; Islamic finance; Halal market; Halal innovation; Islamic crowdfunding; Bibliometric analysis. |
| Keywords: | African Scientific Journal, Islamic entrepreneurship Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) Entrepreneurial intention Islamic finance Halal market Halal innovation Islamic crowdfunding Bibliometric analysis, Islamic entrepreneurship, Islamic Work Ethic (IWE), Entrepreneurial intention, Islamic finance, Halal market, Halal innovation, Islamic crowdfunding, Bibliometric analysis |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05672313 |
| By: | Yonggyun Kim; Francisco Poggi |
| Abstract: | Firms racing to innovate often make interim breakthroughs that speed up, but are not necessary for, the final innovation. When such a breakthrough is privately acquired, a firm can disclose it by filing a patent, or conceal it. This paper studies how this trade off is shaped by the race structure and the intellectual property system. We develop a dynamic model where firms allocate resources between developing with an existing technology and researching a faster one. We show that firms strategically conceal their breakthroughs when the prize for winning is large and the prior-use defense is strong, impeding knowledge spillovers and slowing the pace of innovation. |
| Keywords: | Interim Technology, Patents, License, Prior-use Defense, Direction of In novation |
| JEL: | C73 D21 O30 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_648v2 |
| By: | Kim Klyver (SDU - University of Southern Denmark = Syddansk Universitet); Mette Sogaard Nielsen (SDU - University of Southern Denmark = Syddansk Universitet); Mark T. Schenkel (Belmont University (United States, Nashville)); Tom Elfring (EM - EMLyon Business School) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how entrepreneurs' network agency enables the generation of resource-rich networks (network formation problem) and the mobilization of those available resources (network action problem) in a direct or indirect manner. We examine entrepreneurs' networking intensity and social skills as two components of network agency and develop a conceptual two-path model of resource mobilization. We empirically test this conceptual model using two waves of data collection from a national representative sample of nascent entrepreneurs (n = 457). We find important distinctions in the role networking intensity and social skills play for entrepreneurs' advice availability and advice mobilization, and thereby their propensity to solve, respectively, the network formation problem and the network action problem. Whereas networking intensity allows entrepreneurs to access new advice directly or build a network of potential advice, social skills are what enable them to successfully extract advice from those established connections. These new insights have implications for practice and for the theoretical understanding of network agency and resource mobilization. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneur, Social skills, Resource mobilization, Networking intensity, Network agency |
| Date: | 2026–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05731792 |
| By: | Hataka, Sara (Malmö University); Liu, Ju (Malmö University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how informal entrepreneurs in Maun, Botswana, practise circular economy under conditions of material scarcity, institutional hybridity and livelihood constraint. Addressing the dominance of technocentric and design-led models in circular economy research, it develops a grounded alternative based on the concept of livelihood-oriented circularity. The study draws on eleven semi-structured interviews, field observations and photographic documentation, analysed through a triangulated framework combining circular practice typology, material flow analysis and institutional perspectives. The findings identify three main forms of circular practice-reuse, functional upcycling and symbolic upcycling and show how these are sustained through hybrid institutional arrangements and translocal material networks. Circularity in this context emerges as a socially embedded system organised through frugality, improvisation and community knowledge rather than formal policy design. The paper contributes theoretically by advancing livelihood-oriented circularity as a Global South model of socially embedded and learning driven innovation. It repositions informality as a site of systemic creativity and adaptive capacity, extending circular economy theory beyond Global North assumptions. Policy implications include the need for transitional licensing mechanisms, shared workshop spaces and the recognition of peer-based coordination to foster inclusive and transformative innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | Livelihood oriented circularity; Informal economy Circular Economy; Institutional hybridity; Translocal material flows; Botswana |
| JEL: | O17 O35 |
| Date: | 2026–09–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2026_009 |
| By: | Ohki, Kazuyoshi |
| Abstract: | This paper provides benchmark R&D-based growth models in which both vertical and horizontal growth rates are fully endogenous. In traditional models with both vertical and horizontal innovation, horizontal growth or a weighted average of vertical and horizontal growth is often constrained by population growth along the balanced growth path. This paper shows that this restriction arises from balanced-growth requirements imposed by market-clearing conditions and that it can be removed by appropriately specifying R&D externalities. The result is robust across models that differ in the input used in R&D and in the structure of vertical innovation. The reconstructed models also show that innovation policies affect not only the level of growth but also the composition of growth between vertical and horizontal innovation. The proposed formulation therefore provides a tractable building block for richer R&D-based growth models. |
| Keywords: | Economic Growth, R&D, Vertical innovation, Horizontal innovation |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O41 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:130110 |
| By: | Samuel Dodini; Tucker Smith |
| Abstract: | Texas firms are increasingly integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into their business processes. Two-thirds of firms surveyed in the May 2026 Texas Business Outlook Survey reported using AI, up from 40 percent two years prior. |
| Date: | 2026–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:103755 |
| By: | Daman-Guilé Diawara (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Boubacar Bagayoko (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Aboubacar Abdou (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Amidou Ballo (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako) |
| Abstract: | Finally, the methodology employs a mixed approach: a descriptive analysis using macroeconomic and social data (EMOP/INSTAT), followed by an econometric analysis using multinomial logistic regression. This model compares employment choices across three categories: entrepreneurship (starting a business), employment in the private sector or NGOs, and entry into the civil service. |
| Abstract: | Cet article examine le lien entre le système éducatif et l'entrepreneuriat au Mali, dans un contexte où l'inadéquation entre formation et emploi constitue un défi majeur. Il analyse la dynamique du capital humain et les facteurs influençant les choix de carrière. Confronté à de fortes pressions et à l'arrivée massive des jeunes sur le marché du travail, le Mali doit transformer son investissement dans l'éducation en un véritable levier de création de valeur. L'étude aborde la question suivante : comment le développement du capital humain influence-t-il les intentions et les actions entrepreneuriales des jeunes diplômés, en particulier lorsque le marché du travail reste fortement dominé par l'informalité ? L'article met en lumière un paradoxe : malgré les fortes attentes suscitées par l'éducation (considérée comme un tremplin vers la fonction publique), les diplômés rencontrent des difficultés d'insertion professionnelle (chômage et recours à des emplois informels de subsistance plutôt qu'à l'entrepreneuriat à fort potentiel de croissance). Sur le plan conceptuel, l'article établit un lien entre deux dimensions : la théorie du capital humain, qui postule que l'éducation accroît la productivité et, par conséquent, la capacité à entreprendre ; et les réalités empiriques du Mali, qui montrent que l'éducation peut aussi constituer un frein si elle ne parvient pas à encourager suffisamment l'initiative et une culture entrepreneuriale, et si les contraintes institutionnelles renforcent l'aversion au risque. Pour explorer cette relation, l'article formule cinq hypothèses concernant : l'influence de l'éducation sur les attitudes envers l'entrepreneuriat ; le rôle des normes subjectives (soutien familial/social) ; l'effet de l'auto-efficacité et de la formation à l'entrepreneuriat ; l'existence de disparités liées au sexe et au domaine d'études ; et l'impact potentiellement ambigu des modules de sensibilisation actuels, en particulier s'ils ne sont pas accompagnés de conseils pratiques. Enfin, la méthodologie repose sur une approche mixte : une analyse descriptive à partir de données macroéconomiques et sociales (EMOP/INSTAT), suivie d'une analyse économétrique par régression logistique multinomiale. Ce modèle compare les choix d'emploi selon trois catégories : l'entrepreneuriat (création d'entreprise), l'emploi dans le secteur privé ou les ONG, et l'entrée dans la fonction publique. |
| Keywords: | Education, Human capital Entrepreneurial intention Education Labour market Self-efficacy, Human capital, Entrepreneurial intention, Self-efficacy, Labour market |
| Date: | 2026–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05604192 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming tourism, creating new opportunities to enhance visitor experiences, improve business performance, and support sustainable development, while also raising policy challenges. This paper explores the opportunities, risks and policy implications of AI adoption in tourism across APEC economies. It identifies six priority areas to support responsible AI adoption, with particular attention to the sector's SME-dominated structure and the specific characteristics of tourism economies in the Asia-Pacific region. Drawing on emerging practices across APEC economies, it highlights policy approaches to harness the benefits of AI while fostering a more innovative, resilient, and sustainable tourism economy. |
| Keywords: | apec economies, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, innovation, sustainable tourism, tourism |
| JEL: | Z38 Z3 |
| Date: | 2026–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:cfeaab:2026/02-en |
| By: | Tania Babina; Alex X. He; Renhao Jiang |
| Abstract: | Using a new firm-level measure of AI investment based on AI-skilled employment—spanning machine learning through generative and agentic AI—we show that AI investments are associated with productivity growth in recent years, but not over the previous decade. We trace the productivity gains to the accumulation of organization capital that AI helps create: durable firm-specific knowledge acquired through learning-by-doing that enables more efficient production. We build a novel measure of organization capital based on workers’ job descriptions and document that productivity gains are driven by AI-skilled jobs that build organization capital. Overall, our findings suggest that AI investment generates productivity growth by creating organization capital. |
| JEL: | D22 D24 D25 E22 G3 G30 G32 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35684 |