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on Small Business Management |
| By: | Son Thi Kim Le; Laurent Scaringella (Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business) |
| Abstract: | Literature on innovation has identified specific innovation patterns under scarcity conditions. This research investigates organizational and business environment factors that could be predictors of Jugaad-driven innovation to gain insight into the mechanisms of how resourceconstrained firms can innovate following an informally recognized innovation paradigm. In particular, we explore the drivers of self-constructed innovation-a form of Jugaad-driven innovation among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in resource-constrained environments in developing countries. Using quantitative analysis of 2929 Vietnamese SMEs, we investigate how resource scarcities, social networking, and absorptive capacity influence the emergence of self-constructed innovation. Our findings reveal that weak infrastructure plays a significant role in triggering self-constructed innovation, whereas capital and human resource constraints do not show a significant effect. Additionally, we find that strong social networking and higher absorptive capacity enhance SMEs' ability to access external knowledge and develop selfconstructed innovations. The study also highlights that self-constructed innovation primarily emerges as a cost-effective, non-R&D alternative for firms facing resource limitations, reinforcing its strong connection with bricolage and frugal innovation. By examining the combined influence of external knowledge sources and internal capabilities, this study contributes to the literature on non-R&D innovation management, in particular Jugaad innovation and responds to the call for further research on innovation networks in developing economies. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and managers seeking to support SME innovation under resource constraints. |
| Keywords: | Developing country, Social networking, Absorptive capacity, Scarcity |
| Date: | 2025–07–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05411228 |
| By: | Ufuk Akcigit; Harun Alp; Jeremy Pearce; Marta Prato |
| Abstract: | Why do some entrepreneurs drive economic growth while others do not? This piece discusses new work that studies entrepreneurs using a comprehensive dataset from Denmark. We study who becomes an entrepreneur, along with their hiring and business decisions, and find that a distinct minority are “transformative.” These individuals, who generate disproportionate productivity gains, tend to have high IQ scores, be well-educated, and hire technical (R&D) workers. The data support the idea of productivity growth being driven by the symbiotic relationship between transformative entrepreneurs and R&D workers. For policymakers, the lesson is that when an economy has more R&D workers and transformative entrepreneurs, they sustain higher long-run productivity growth. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; R&D; innovation; productivity growth |
| JEL: | O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2026–01–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:102298 |
| By: | Krieger, Bastian; Scrofani, Stefania; Strecke, Linus |
| Abstract: | This paper explores a novel web-based indicator to examine how firms' disclosure of university ties on their websites shapes their innovation performance. First, using data from the German Community Innovation Survey 2023 and the Tenders Electronic Daily database, combined with firms' discloser of university ties on their website provided by ISTARI.AI, we investigate the indicator's properties by comparing the most frequently disclosed types of university ties: innovation collaborations, university customers, and employee education, with firms' survey responses and their procurement contracts. Second, we analyze how website disclosure of university ties relates to firms' revenues from new or significantly improved products or services, applying Ordinary Least Squares, a Control Function, and Lewbel Instrumental Variable approach. In sum, the website disclosure of ties with universities is significantly associated with its related survey items and procurement contracts. Moreover, website disclosures show no consistent association with revenues from innovations new-to-the-firm. A consistent statistically significant relationship emerges only for small firms, where website disclosures are associated with higher revenues from market novelties. These findings suggest that our web-based indicator captures ties between firms and universities and that disclosing these ties on firms' websites may influence the market success of their novel products. |
| Keywords: | University-Industry Transfer, Innovation Performance, Signaling |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O36 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:333900 |
| By: | J. Moussavou; J. Y. Lee (Audencia Business School) |
| Keywords: | Digital Entrepreneurship, Fintech, Innovation, Organizational Ambidexterity, Mixed Ambidexterity |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05424256 |
| By: | Tran The, Tuan; Bui Van, Vien; Do Thi, Tho |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized enterprises account for more than 98.2% of total enterprises in Hanoi and contribute significantly to the city’s employment, innovation, and GDP. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the influence of corporate social responsibility and green marketing on the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi, Vietnam. With 292 valid survey responses, data analysis was conducted through PLS-SEM. The study results show that corporate social responsibility and green marketing are critical to the competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms in Hanoi. Corporate social responsibility positively influences green marketing (β = 0.812, p |
| Keywords: | social responsibility, green marketing, reputation, competitiveness, economic growth, community welfare, environment |
| JEL: | M14 M31 Q01 |
| Date: | 2025–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127538 |
| By: | David Argente; Salomé Baslandze; Douglas Hanley; Sara Moreira |
| Abstract: | We match patents to products using natural language methods applied to detailed product descriptions and patent texts in the consumer goods sector. While more than half of product innovations originate from non-patenting firms, patent filings are on average followed by subsequent product introductions. Yet this relationship weakens with firm size. Patents held by market leaders also yield revenue premiums beyond what can be explained by their own product introductions and are associated with stronger deterrence of competitors’ innovations. To interpret these findings, we develop a simple growth model in which larger firms have stronger incentives to engage in strategic patenting—filing for protection rather than market innovation—which dampens innovation and slows creative destruction. |
| JEL: | L1 O3 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34592 |
| By: | Marco Bellandi; Filippo Berti Mecocci; Gianluca Fiorindi; Silvia Giordano; Sara Pucci; Silvia Ramondetta |
| Abstract: | This report develops an analysis of the Life Sciences ecosystem. Specifically, it deepens the comparison between the Tuscany system and other national ecosystems by focusing on innovative startups, with the aim of investigating their characteristics and critical issues in growth and the potential for development and collaboration with structured companies, from a supply chain perspective, also through the role of entities operating in the area as innovation intermediaries. The results are presented through two different methodologies: data analysis and comparisons with local ecosystem actors. The intersection of the two methodologies allows a more complete understanding of the phenomena and supports some possible implications in terms of policies. |
| Keywords: | Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems; Life Sciences; Tuscany |
| JEL: | O31 R11 R58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2025_16.rdf |
| By: | Roth, Felix; Rammer, Christian |
| Abstract: | Intangible assets have increasingly been identified as a main source of productivity gains. Since the pioneering work by Corrado, Hulten, and Sichel (2005), empirical research has largely focused on macro and industry-level studies, while firm-level studies have often been confined to a limited set of intangible assets, especially Research and Development (R&D). This paper employs a unique firm-level panel database that contains information on four types of intangible assets: R&D, software & databases (S&D), firm-specific human capital (HC), and brand value (BV). For R&D, we find much lower productivity returns than for S&D and HC. R&D even loses significance once controlling for other intangibles, except for high-tech manufacturing. In contrast to R&D, we find that S&D and HC tend to be the primary drivers of productivity gains, particularly in services. Our findings have implications for research policy, suggesting a stronger focus on supporting investment in non-R&D intangibles, including S&D and HC. |
| Keywords: | Non-R&D intangibles, productivity, R&D, digitalisation, firm-specific human capital, brand value, firm-level panel data |
| JEL: | E22 O33 O38 D24 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:333901 |
| By: | Tadhg Ryan-Charleton (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Conor O’Kane (University of Otago); Dean Hyslop (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); David C. Maré (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Amelia Blamey (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | The Research and Development Tax Incentive (RDTI) was introduced on 1 April 2019 to encourage business innovation, by offering a 15% tax credit on eligible research and development (R&D) expenditure. It replaced the R&D Growth Grants scheme, which closed to new applicants in 2019 and was phased out in 2021. The legislation introducing the RDTI specifies that an objective and independent evaluation of the scheme must be laid before the House of Representatives every five years. Motu Research was engaged by MBIE to lead the first five-year evaluation. Motu Research worked with the University of Otago, who contributed qualitative and subject-specific expertise to the evaluation. Our team was asked to address five questions focusing on the impact of the RDTI (and of other types of government R&D support to businesses), as well as the RDTI’s compliance costs, administrative processes and legal requirements. We were also asked to consider a sixth question — how certain conclusions from our evaluation would be affected by changes to three specific policy settings. We addressed these questions using a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of survey and administrative data with qualitative insights from interviews with key stakeholders. The quantitative approach relied primarily on statistical analysis of data from Statistics New Zealand’s Longitudinal Business Database, with our descriptive analysis also drawing on other administrative data sources. The qualitative analysis used data from 67 semi-structured interviews we conducted with 84 participants. This includes 41 interviews with firms, 10 with RDTI operational team members, 5 with policy experts and 11 with professional tax advisors. Our quantitative analysis found firms supported by the RDTI spent more on R&D than they would have in the absence of RDTI support. The difference was stronger for smaller firms. Annual R&D expenditure was on average $274, 000 higher per firm because of RDTI support. The total additional R&D expenditure generated by the RDTI was $1.83 billion. For every $1 of government spend, firms invested $1.40 in additional R&D, which is similar to OECD benchmarks. The additional R&D stimulated by the RDTI was estimated to generate an impact on New Zealand’s GDP of $6.77 billion (mid-point of a range estimate), which suggests an overall economic impact of 4.2 times government investment. Our qualitative analysis suggested significant RDTI compliance costs were more than offset by the ability to access greater levels of R&D support. Most firms indicated the RDTI had a positive impact on their R&D activities and business outcomes. Several firms with international operations explained the RDTI is influential in attracting and retaining R&D work in Aotearoa New Zealand. There was also a strong indication that businesses prefer policy stability, with the implication that instability leads to lower R&D expenditure and lower uptake. |
| Keywords: | Public funding for business R&D, business innovation, technology and innovation policy, RDTI, New Zealand |
| JEL: | O38 O31 D22 |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:25_11 |
| By: | Dreier, Lukas (University of Jena); Göthner, Maximilian (University of Twente); Lawson, Cornelia (University of Manchester) |
| Abstract: | Academically trained scientists play a pivotal role in innovation by advancing the knowledge frontier across industries, prompting firms to increasingly engage in proactive recruitment. This paper investigates academic scientists’ career transitions into industry by jointly examining two often separately studied mechanisms: scientists’ intentions to leave academia (the supply side) and firms’ recruitment efforts (the demand side). We conceptualize intersectoral mobility as the outcome of how these two mechanisms align or diverge. Using survey data from 469 scientists in Germany linked to follow-up information on their actual career outcomes more than three years later, our results show that exit intentions are the predominant predictor of subsequent transitions into industry jobs. Job offers reinforce the impact of existing exit intentions. By contrast, scientists who receive a job offer but do not intend to leave academia are the least likely to transition to private-sector employment. Implications for firms’ active recruiting strategies and for universities seeking to retain scientific staff are discussed. |
| Keywords: | exit intentions, knowledge transfer, industry transition, career mobility, academic scientists, job offers |
| JEL: | J63 O31 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18347 |
| By: | Dumont, Michel; Rayp, Glenn |
| Abstract: | We attempt to map out as comprehensively as possible the Belgian companies that offer goods or services with an AI component. The 744 Belgian AI start-ups that we identified (founded since 2010) appear, in comparison with non-AI start-ups, to focus primarily on revenue growth, which is often accompanied by a sharp increase in the number of employees. On the other hand, many of the AI start-ups are not yet profitable, especially those with venture capital. AI start-ups without venture capital are overrepresented in the very small group of the most successful Belgian start-ups, which have high turnover, many employees and are very profitable. |
| Keywords: | Artificiak Intelligence, start-ups, Belgium |
| JEL: | D22 D83 L25 L26 O14 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126994 |
| By: | Riku Watanabe |
| Abstract: | This study incorporates two heterogeneous industries into an endogenous growth model within the framework of a circular economy. In the model, industries are classified as either brown or green, and each can transition between states through R&D activities related to innovation and greening. Greening R&D is conducted exclusively by firms in the brown industry and enables the transition to the green industry. We analyze the effects of subsidies for greening R&D and show that such subsidies increases labor allocation to both innovation and greening R&D. As a result, the model yields win-win outcome: economic growth is promoted not only by productivity-driven growth acceleration but also by a decline in the share of brown industries that rely on exhaustible resources, which mitigates the negative impact of resource depletion on growth. These findings suggest that advancing a circular economy can be compatible with sustained economic growth. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:1286r |
| By: | Blagica Petreski; Marjan Petreski |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ftm:policy:2025-12/58 |
| By: | Kaiser, Ulrich (University of Zurich); Mata, José (Copenhagen Business School) |
| Abstract: | We study whether gender norms—proxied by Switzerland’s 1981 referendum on constitutional gender equality—continue to shape women’s entrepreneurship today, despite major demographic change. Using startup data for all Swiss municipalities from 2016 to 2023, we find that places with stronger historical support for gender equality have significantly higher women-to-men startup ratios. A one–percentage point increase in the 1981 “yes” vote share is associated with a 0.165 percent increase in this ratio. The result is robust to controlling for later gender-related referenda, extensive municipal characteristics, and contemporary policy measures. The association is stronger in municipalities with more stable populations and in less religious municipalities. Childcare spending alone is not linked to startup rates, but it positively affects women’s entrepreneurship when combined with supportive historical gender norms, highlighting the joint role of formal policies and informal social support. |
| Keywords: | Switzerland, female founders, cultural persistence, entrepreneurship, gender norms |
| JEL: | J16 L26 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18337 |
| By: | Luc Sandfort (first name last name) (Paderborn University); Talea Hellweg (first name last name of second author) (Paderborn University (workplace of second author)); Martin Schneider (first name last name of second author) (Paderborn University (workplace of second author)); Katharina Radermacher (first name last name of second author) (Paderborn University (workplace of second author)) |
| Abstract: | Creativity and innovation are, in many cases, understood as the result of a complex interplay of hierarchical factors, such as national, regional, and firm characteristics, or between organizational and individual factors. While recent applications of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) have begun to model such configurational links, their hierarchical nature has received little empirical attention. As this paper demonstrates, theories that posit hierarchical configurations can and should be explored using the two-step variant of QCA. The paper outlines the potential of the method for the field of creativity and innovation and helps to navigate key modelling decisions. An illustrative study explores the occurrence of informal employee innovation behavior – workarounds – based on the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) framework. The results of the two-step QCA are superior in terms of reduced limited diversity and complexity to those of the conventional one-step QCA. Overall, the method has considerable potential for empirically capturing the complex, hierarchical interactions inherent in many innovation processes. (abstract of the paper) |
| Keywords: | Two-step QCA; qualitative comparative analysis; bottom-up innovation; workarounds; ability-motivation-opportunity framework (keywords) |
| JEL: | Y4 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:163 |
| By: | Wagner, Joachim |
| Abstract: | The use of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, or smart devices will go hand in hand with higher productivity, higher product quality, and lower trade costs. Therefore, it can be expected to be positively related to export activities. This paper uses firm level data for manufacturing enterprises from the 27 member countries of the European Union collected in 2025 to shed further light on this issue by investigating the link between the use of advanced technologies and extensive margins of exports. Applying a new machine-learning estimator, Kernel-Regularized Least Squares (KRLS), which does not impose any restrictive assumptions for the functional form of the relation between margins of exports, use of advanced technologies, and any control variables, we find that firms which use more advanced technologies do more often export and do export to more different destinations. |
| Keywords: | Advanced technologies, exports, firm level data, Flash Eurobarometer 559, kernel-regularized least squares (KRLS) |
| JEL: | D22 F14 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kcgwps:334537 |
| By: | Liu, Dan; Liu, Yaru; Jin, Yanhong; Deng, Haiyan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how the private sector in a middle-income country like China adapts to extreme heat through seed breeding innovation. While most existing research has focused on abiotic stress, such as drought and heat, we extend the analytical framework to include biotic stresses, specifically crop pest and disease exposure, a critical but often overlooked dimension of climate adaptation. We construct novel firm-level, crop-specific exposure measures of extreme heat and crop pests/diseases to investigate how both climate-related abiotic and biotic stressors influence the development of heat/drought-tolerant (HDT) and pest/disease-resistant (PDR) varieties at the firm level. Our results show that Chinese seed firms actively respond to climate pressures, increasing HDT varieties by 2.6% and PDR varieties by 9% for an additional harmful extreme heat degree-day, with significant variations across crops. Maize exhibits comprehensive adaptation across both HDT and PDR, rice focuses on PDR traits, while wheat shows limited responsiveness due to biological complexity and weaker market incentives. Breeding innovation responsiveness is stronger among private firms compared to state-owned enterprises and is most pronounced under the independent innovation model relative to inter-firm collaboration and private-public partnership models. We identify three key pathways driving these responses: increased farmer demand for climate-resilient seeds, heightened pest and disease pressures induced by extreme heat, and government policy signals, proxied by official communications addressing climate- and pest/disease-related issues. Furthermore, the adoption of improved varieties significantly mitigates crop yield loss caused by extreme heat exposure and pest/disease prevalence--PDR varieties reduce pest-related yield losses by 363.72 tons in rice and by 1, 342.27 tons in maize. However, adoption and mitigation effects in wheat remain limited due to biological and market constraints. These findings offer valuable policy insights for enhancing agricultural climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361183 |
| By: | Zhang, Zhi Min; Yu, Chengzheng; Deng, Yang |
| Abstract: | The low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCP) is an important measure for China toad-dress climate change and promote low-carbon transformation under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Based on the LCCP, this study uses the difference-in-differences method to explore the impact of the policy on the real carbon emissions, the carbon emissions transferred by enterprises along the industrial chain to down-stream enterprises (i.e., carbon out sourcing), and green invention and innovation of enterprises by quantifying the changes of enterprises’ comprehensive carbon emissions, carbon outsourcing, and green patent applications before and after the implementation of the low-carbon pilot policy. The results show that the pilot policy significantly inhibits the real carbon emissions (1.85%) and carbon outsourcing (44.46%) of enterprises and significantly enhance green invention and innovation of enterprises. The effect of the pilot policy on carbon emissions and the incentive effect on green invention and innovation both exhibit significant heterogeneity between heavily polluting and non-heavily polluting industries, as well as between the eastern and western regions. This paper provides a quantitative basis for the government to formulate incentive policies to strengthen green innovation, and regulate carbon emission. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360768 |
| By: | Lapo Santarlasci; Armando Rungi; Loredana Fattorini; Nestor Maslej |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence has become a key arena of global technological competition and a central concern for Europe's quest for technological sovereignty. This paper analyzes global AI patenting from 2010 to 2023 to assess Europe's position in an increasingly bipolar innovation landscape dominated by the United States and China. Using linked patent, firm, ownership, and citation data, we examine the geography, specialization, and international diffusion of AI innovation. We find a highly concentrated patent landscape: China leads in patent volumes, while the United States dominates in citation impact and technological influence. Europe accounts for a limited share of AI patents but exhibits signals of relatively high patent quality. Technological proximity reveals global convergence toward U.S. innovation trajectories, with Europe remaining fragmented rather than forming an autonomous pole. Gravity-model estimates show that cross-border AI knowledge flows are driven primarily by technological capability and specialization, while geographic and institutional factors play a secondary role. EU membership does not significantly enhance intra-European knowledge diffusion, suggesting that technological capacity, rather than political integration, underpins participation in global AI innovation networks. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.19569 |
| By: | Ana Babus; Matias Marzani; Sara Moreira |
| Abstract: | The variety of financial products available for firms to raise funds has expanded rapidly in recent decades. This paper studies the role of innovations that introduce specialized financial products using a combination of granular data and a parsimonious model of security issuance. We present three key findings. First, differential product adoption across firms explains most of the observed variation in the amounts of funds raised. Second, firms that adopt new products are more successful in raising funds. Third, the funds raised from new financial products are often sourced from numerous highly specialized products, each used by only a few firms. |
| JEL: | D4 G3 O3 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34594 |
| By: | Zoë B. Cullen; Ester Faia; Elisa Guglielminetti; Ricardo Perez-Truglia; Concetta Rondinelli |
| Abstract: | We present the first large-scale field experiment test of strategic complementarities in firms’ technology adoption. Our experiment was embedded in a Bank of Italy survey covering around 3, 000 firms. We elicited firms’ beliefs about competitors’ adoption of two advanced technologies: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics. We randomly provided half of the sample with accurate information about adoption rates. Most firms substantially underestimated competitors’ current adoption, and when provided with information, they updated their expectations about competitors’ future adoption. The information increased firms’ own intended future adoption of robotics, although we do not observe a significant effect on AI adoption. Our findings provide causal evidence on coordination in innovation and illustrate how information frictions shape technology diffusion. |
| JEL: | C93 D22 L21 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34532 |
| By: | Stefan Leknes (Statistics Norway); Jorn Rattso (Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology); Hildegunn E Stokke (Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | Intangible capital, an asset class central to the knowledge economy, has been shown to contribute substantially to productivity growth. However, the importance for agglomeration economies has received limited attention. We examine how the agglomeration effect varies with industries’ intensity of intangible capital, combining international measures of industry-level intangible capital with rich Norwegian administrative employer–employee data. The analysis addresses methodological challenges related to endogenous intangible investment, unobserved worker characteristics, and correlation between worker moves and firm quality. We find that at mean intangible intensity, the elasticity of wages with respect to city size is 0.026, with each standard-deviation increase in intangible intensity raising the elasticity by 0.004. Dynamic wage returns to city-specific experience are also significantly higher in intangible-intensive industries. Employing the AKM framework and a complementary firm- based measure of local productivity, we show that our main results are robust to potential hierarchy effects arising from worker mobility. Moreover, we document that positive selection on unobserved ability into large cities is driven primarily by workers employed in intangible-intensive industries, irrespective of education level. We further document heterogeneity across intangible components, showing that agglomeration elasticities are strong for industries intensive in software and databases, and economic competencies. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of intangible capital investments in shaping urban wage premia. |
| Keywords: | Agglomeration economies, knowledge spillover, intangible capital, AKM-model, sorting, worker experience |
| JEL: | J24 J31 J61 R12 R23 |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nst:samfok:20425 |
| By: | Talatchanant Tontiwachwutthikul; Kannika Thampanishvong; Kanis Saengchote; Krislert Samphantharak; Jirayu Chandrasakha |
| Abstract: | To mitigate the risk of carbon leakage, the European Union (EU) introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to impose a fair price on the carbon emissions associated with the production of carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU, thereby encouraging cleaner industrial production. This paper combines firm-level exporting activity data and financial data in a difference-in-differences regression framework to examine the impact that the CBAM policy announcement and implementation have on Thai exporting firms. We find that the announcement of the CBAM negatively affected Thai firms' ability to export impacted goods to the EU, and these adverse effects intensified following the CBAM implementation. Treated firms’ total export revenue decreased relative to the control group and were only able to partially mitigate the impact of this shock by increasing exports of non-CBAM goods to countries outside of the EU. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM); Thailand, exporting firm; International trade |
| JEL: | F14 F18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:243 |
| By: | Masahito Ambashi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews theoretical, empirical, and practical studies of industrial parks and examines their impact on development, particularly for developing countries. Theoretical mechanisms indicate positive impacts of industrial parks on economic development through agglomeration economies, including internal/external economies, reduced transaction costs, capital accumulation, and learning and knowledge spillovers. Meanwhile, empirical studies examining special economic zones (SEZs), i.e.industrial hubs with strong incentives for resident firms, show that they do not necessarily bring out high performance. This means that the design of industrial parks and supporting policies are critical for them to cause positive impacts on development for developing countries. This paper points to new issues of industrial park development that policymakers should note. Consideration of the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. environment, female labour force, and human rights) is necessary to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) that has greater interest in these sustainability issues. This paper also indicates that digitalisation, the service economy, and natural resources should be incorporated into industrial park development strategies to create diversified and upgraded industries. Finally, this paper attempts to provide policy lessons to viable industrial parks based on the above-mentioned discussions, which can serve as a reference point for developing countries. |
| Keywords: | industrial parks; agglomeration economies; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); digitalisation; development strategy; industrial policy |
| JEL: | L52 O14 O25 |
| Date: | 2025–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2025-08 |