|
on Small Business Management |
|
Issue of 2025–12–08
thirty papers chosen by João Carlos Correia Leitão, Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Kim, Chang Hyun; Lee, Kyung Yul; Kwon, Youngsun |
| Abstract: | This study explores how knowledge search depth and breadth in green patenting influence environmental innovation in the mobile industry, a sector facing increasing scrutiny for its environmental impact. Using a panel of 42 mobile firms from 2001 to 2023, we find that search depth exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with green innovation, suggesting that while leveraging internal knowledge initially boosts environmental innovation, excessive reliance can hinder progress due to organizational rigidity. Conversely, search breadth demonstrates a consistently positive effect, indicating that expanding external knowledge sources enhances a firm's capacity for sustainable innovation. These findings underscore the strategic importance of balancing internal and external knowledge strategies to foster green innovation in the mobile sector. |
| Keywords: | Green Innovation, Knowledge Search, Mobile Industry, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331286 |
| By: | HARA, Yasushi |
| Abstract: | This study revisits the impact of customer concentration on the performance and survival of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) by proposing an integrated “Quantity-Quality-Structure” framework. Utilizing a large-scale panel dataset of Japanese manufacturing SMEs, we employ rigorous empirical methods—including two-way fixed-effects models with controls for export status, Cox proportional hazards models, and dynamic event studies—to disentangle the complex effects of inter-firm relationships. While the static relationship between customer concentration (Quantity) and sales growth is found to be inconsistent across industries, our survival analysis reveals a robust and critical finding: high concentration significantly increases the risk of firm exit, supporting the vulnerability tenet of Resource Dependency Theory. Conversely, simple network connectivity (Degree Centrality) acts as a powerful buffer, significantly reducing exit risk and functioning as “structural insurance, ” whereas network brokerage (Betweenness Centrality) can exacerbate risks in certain assembly industries. Furthermore, dynamic analyses of strategic change reveal that firms “decoupling” from major customers face a multiyear “danger zone” of increased vulnerability before achieving diversification. Successful growth strategies are shown to be driven not by expanding existing B2B ties, but by a strategic pivot to new market types, specifically direct-to-consumer (B2C) segments. These findings reframe the debate on customer concentration from one of performance optimization to one of existential risk management and dynamic adaptation. |
| Keywords: | Customer Concentration, Firm Survival, Inter-firm Networks, Strategic Adaptation, SMEs |
| JEL: | L14 L25 M10 C23 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:tdbcdp:e-2025-02 |
| By: | Impink, Stephen Michael (HEC Paris); Langburd Wright, Nataliya (Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Management); Seamans, Robert (New York University (NYU) - Leonard N. Stern School of Business) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the impact of corporate accelerators on startup growth and technology adoption. Corporate accelerator programs offer technological resources that can spur startup growth, but they can also deter startups from exploring other suppliers' technologies. With novel data from one technology firm's accelerator program, we compare accepted and rejected startups using a machine-learning-based matching algorithm trained on the selection criteria. Participating in the corporate accelerator increases startups’ future funding by more than 50%. Moreover, participation increases startups’ use of the hosting firm's technologies by about 9%. The program asymmetrically benefits startups already using the host firm’s technologies and startups located in countries with more entrepreneurial resources, while reducing participation in other suppliers’ technological ecosystems. These findings suggest that corporate accelerator programs spur the growth of those with sufficient technological capabilities and local financing, but at the potential cost of reduced flexibility. |
| Keywords: | Accelerator; Venture Capital; Startups; Strategy; Venture Scaling; Technological Change; Tech Strategy |
| JEL: | G24 |
| Date: | 2025–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1572 |
| By: | Yanina Domenella (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | During economic downturns, governments often provide business grants to stimulate entrepreneurship. However, in societies where kinship ties play a significant role, policy design may be suboptimal if spillover effects are not accounted for. This paper examines the role of family ties in shaping entrepreneurship and the effectiveness of business support measures during economic crises. Using a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, I find that entrepreneurs with larger families coped better with the crisis. However, when external funding was available, strong family ties reduced the positive effects on entrepreneurship.The analysis identifies mutual assistance, crowding-out effects, and managerial interference as key mechanisms. These findings highlight the dual role of family networks, acting as both a safety net and a constraint, with implications for the design of business support policies in developing economies. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, kinship networks, private transfers, social norms, business support, crisis, field experiment, Kenya. |
| JEL: | L26 O12 O15 Z13 C93 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2025_2529 |
| By: | Kremer, Anna |
| Abstract: | Meeting others with different backgrounds brings up new ideas. This paper shows that this not only matters for a background in heterogeneous industries or nationalities, but that regional differences matter too. Regions within a country vary in their traditions and culture. Cultural homogeneity within regions becomes mixed due to internal migration, which, like international migration, increases the diversity of a place. In a novel approach, I look at diversity in German municipalities, measured by different family names, and investigate its effect on the number of generated patents. I use a unique dataset from a 1996 phonebook and casualty lists from WWI. There is a positive association between innovation and diversity when defined by the share of new names, a deconcentration measure, or a Shannon index. Causality is established by using instrumental variables estimations with historical borders. I show that intra-country diversity affects patenting positively and conclude that regional differences matter for economic outcomes. |
| Keywords: | cultural diversity, innovation, family names, patents, local level, Germany |
| JEL: | R11 O30 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tudcep:333401 |
| By: | Daman-Guilé Diawara (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Amidou Ballo (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako) |
| Abstract: | The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on vocational training and entrepreneurship in Africa is significant and multidimensional. AI is transforming teaching and learning methods, allowing for the personalisation of training according to the individual needs of learners. AIbased tools also facilitate access to quality educational resources, particularly in remote areas. From where the issue addressed: Impact of artificial intelligence on vocational training and entrepreneurship in Africa. In the field of entrepreneurship, the adoption of AI offers start-ups opportunities to improve operational efficiency, optimise decision-making processes, and respond more quickly to market needs. Entrepreneurs who integrate AI solutions into their business models can access new data sources , enabling them to identify trends and anticipate consumer demands. However, challenges remain, including limited access to technology and digital infrastructure, as well as the need for tailored training to develop the skills necessary for using AI. To maximise the positive impact of AI, it is crucial to encourage collaborative initiatives between the educational, entrepreneurial, and technological sectors. In conclusion, AI has the potential to transform vocational training and entrepreneurship in Africa, but a concerted approach is needed to overcome obstacles and fully leverage these opportunities. |
| Keywords: | Training Entrepreneurship Artificial Intelligence (AI) Africa Digital Skills Startups, Training, Entrepreneurship, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Africa, Digital Skills, Startups |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05320607 |
| By: | Henten, Anders; Falch, Morten; Tadayoni, Reza |
| Abstract: | The good arguments for the EU Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) including the Digital Product Passport (DPP) are 'queuing up', as the ESPR can help reduce waste and pollution, harmonize requirements on performance and information, increase trust among business partners and end-users, promote a level playing field for businesses in Europe, and potentially position European industries in the international competition. The ESPR is a response to the coordination problems regarding circularity and the externality problems that individual industries encounter and create in their activities. From industry side, there are, however, also counter interests and arguments. The performance and information requirements can be seen as a burden on businesses, and especially the small and medium-sized enterprises have expressed concerns to that effect. The paper discusses the drivers and barriers for the implementation of the information requirements of the Digital Product Passport. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331272 |
| By: | Terada, Shinichiro |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether the activities of OpenAI—particularly those related to its generative AI product, ChatGPT—have affected major U.S. technology firms, Big Tech, collectively referred to as GAFAM (Alphabet/Google, Apple, Meta/Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft). Using a short-term event study methodology, we analyze the abnormal stock returns of these firms in response to key OpenAI-related events, including product launches, corporate investments, and technological integrations. Our empirical analysis reveals three main findings. First, the release of ChatGPT had no statistically significant effect on the stock returns of each of GAFAM firms. Second, Microsoft's direct investments in OpenAI, including a $1 billion and a multi-billion-dollar deal, resulted in neutral market responses, suggesting a balance between cost and expected strategic benefit. Third, collaborations that integrated OpenAI's technology into Microsoft's Bing and Edge, and Apple's iOS ecosystem yielded statistically significant positive abnormal returns for the respective firms. These results imply that OpenAI's competitive impact on GAFAM is not direct rivalry but rather complementary enhancement. OpenAI's AI capabilities function as a core competence that strengthens the existing revenue-generating platforms of Big Tech. This suggests a business ecosystem in which AI technologies are not isolated strategic assets, but rather enablers of broader corporate competitiveness. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331311 |
| By: | Goel, Tirupam; Telegdy, Álmos; Banai, Ádám; Takáts, Előd |
| Abstract: | Subsidies should target firms with profitable opportunities and insufficient funding, but this is difficult due to information asymmetry between firms and the government. We study how credit history of firms can help design more efficient subsidies. To this end, we combine data on non-repayable firm subsidies and the credit registry from Hungary. Using subsidy winners and losers as treated and control groups and leveraging variation in access to loans, we identify the differential impact of subsidies. While subsidies lead to an incremental impact on assets of loan-deprived as compared to loan-acquiring firms, the impact is transitory and fades after a few years. The impact on profitability follows a similar pattern despite the higher expected marginal value of capital for loan-deprived firms. Thus, loan deprivation is likely caused by borrower shortcomings instead of credit rationing by banks. In such cases, subsidies need not target loan-deprived firms. |
| Keywords: | credit constraints; credit registry; Hungary; SME subsidies |
| JEL: | H25 H32 G38 G21 |
| Date: | 2024–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123735 |
| By: | Arrighetti, Alessandro; Landini, Fabio; Lasagni, Andrea; Lomuscio, Marco |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the strategic and organizational trajectories of worker buyouts (WBOs) during their consolidation phase, comparing them with structurally similar investor-owned firms (IOFs). While the early stages of WBO development have been widely studied, little is known about their medium-term evolution. Using a matched comparison design and survey data from firms established between 2010 and 2019, the study explores strategic orientation, investment and innovation behavior, organizational practices, human resource management, sources of competitive advantage and operational constraints of WBOs and IOFs. The findings reveal a dual dynamic of convergence and differentiation. WBOs adopt strategic and operational practices akin to those of IOFs, yet they also preserve distinctive participatory and employment-preserving features embedded in their cooperative governance model. While facing structural financial constraints, they exhibit stronger internal cohesion and greater involvement of workers in decision-making. Overall, the study reveals how WBOs balance convergence with conventional firm practices and the preservation of cooperative distinctiveness, shedding light on their capacity to remain both competitive and socially embedded. |
| Keywords: | Worker buyouts (WBOs), investor-owned firms (IOFs), matched comparison design strategy, capabilities, performance, organizational capability, personnel capability |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:333204 |
| By: | Van Wolleghem, Pierre; Soares, Marta Bruno; Puga-Gonzalez, Ivan; Shults, LeRon |
| Abstract: | As climate change intensifies, European local authorities (LAs) face growing pressure to adapt effectively. This article explores how LAs acquire and disseminate climate and policy knowledge, with a focus on their participation in EU-funded Research and Innovation (R&I) projects and Transnational Municipal Networks (TMNs). We map over 500 LAs involved in climate-related R&I projects and nearly 14, 000 LAs participating in 12 TMNs. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is used to identify influential hubs, LAs that have potential to both generate and spread adaptation knowledge. We find considerable variation in participation across LAs, both in R&I projects and TMN membership. Cities like Lisbon, Milan, and Tampere emerge as potential “super-spreaders”, displaying high centrality and the potential to bridge otherwise disconnected parts of the European network. |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:erxqg_v1 |
| By: | Masahiko Shibamoto (Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration and Center for Computational Social Science, Kobe University, JAPAN) |
| Abstract: | This study provides an empirical assessment of business cycle dynamics using a structuralvector autoregressive (VAR) model that measures cyclical output and identifies business cycle shocks as the main drivers. Using the same data and reduced-form VAR setup as Angeletos et al. (2020, American Economic Review), we estimate the dynamic effects of this shock on the U.S. economy. The cyclical output indicated by the model closely tracked the standard measure of the output gap. The identified business cycle shock has long-lasting effects on both demand- and supply-side factors, permanently influencing output and affecting labor productivity and total factor productivity. These findings contradict the prevailing notion that business cycles are short-term phenomena and suggest that the forces driving them contribute to medium-term dynamics. This implies a pivotal connection between short-term stabilization and long-term growth. |
| Keywords: | Business-cycle shocks; Structural vector autoregressive model; Finite-horizon identification; Cyclical output; Medium-term dynamics |
| JEL: | C32 E32 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kob:dpaper:dp2025-30 |
| By: | Ayobami Paul Abolade; Ibrahim Olanrewaju Lawal; Kamoru Lanre Akanbi; Ahmed Orilonise Salami |
| Abstract: | Access to finance is vital for improving food security, particularly in developing nations where agricultural production is crucial. Despite several financial interventions targeted at increasing agricultural production, smallholder farmers continue to lack access to reasonable, timely, and sufficient financing, limiting their ability to invest in improved technology and inputs, lowering productivity and food supply. This study examines the relationship between access to finance and food security among smallholder farmers in Ogun State, employing institutional theory as a theoretical framework. The study takes a quantitative method, with a survey for the research design and a population of 37, 200 agricultural smallholder farmers. A sample size of 380 was chosen using probability sampling and simple random techniques. The data were analysed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrate a favourable relationship between access to finance and food security, with an R2-value of 0.615 indicating a robust link. These findings underline the need of improving financial institutions and implementing enabling policies to enable farmers have access to the financial resources they need to achieve food security outcomes. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.18576 |
| By: | Josep Pijoan-Mas (CEMFI and CEPR); Pau Roldan-Blanco (UAB and BSE) |
| Abstract: | We study how the co-existence of fixed-term (FT) and open-ended (OE) contracts shapes firm dynamics, firm selection, worker allocation, aggregate productivity, and output. Using rich Spanish administrative data, we document that the use of fixedterm contracts is very heterogeneous across firms within narrowly defined sectors. Particularly, the relationship between the share of temporary workers and firm size is positive within firm but negative between firms. To explain these facts, we write a model of firm dynamics with technology heterogeneity, search-and-matching frictions, and a two-tier labor market structure. Our model emphasizes a key trade-off between contracts, namely, that while FT contracts give flexibility to firms, they also create more worker turnover, which is costly through the need to hire new workers and through the loss of firm-specific human capital. We find that limiting the use of FT contracts decreases the share of temporary employment and increases aggregate productivity —as better firm selection offsets increased misallocation of workers— but it also increases unemployment, output, and welfare. |
| Keywords: | Dual Labor Markets, Temporary Contracts, Firm Dynamics, Unemployment. |
| JEL: | D83 E24 J41 L11 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2025_2530 |
| By: | O. Alhamad; S. Ahmad; J. Z. Zhang (Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effect of blockholders' characteristics on audit fees by focusing on the Type II agency problem. Our study contributes to the debate on the interplay between blockholders' characteristics and audit fees on a sample of smaller and medium-sized firms listed on the United Kingdom (UK)'s Alternative Investment Market (AIM). Using voting rights as a proxy for blockholders' power, the findings of the study show that the presence and number of blockholders are positively associated with audit fees while voting dispersion is negatively associated with audit fees. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that the interplay between blockholders and external auditing is affected by coalition formation between blockholders and the largest controlling shareholder. Additional analysis reveals that if the first two and three largest blockholders are of the same type (such as all families or all corporations), then audit fees for those firms are higher than for firms where these blockholders are of a different type. In particular, the impact of blockholders on audit fees is more positive when firms are controlled by the holding of a family. Our findings have important implications for policymakers and audit practice regarding the interplay among external corporate governance mechanisms and institutional settings. |
| Keywords: | blockholders, multiple large shareholders, audit fees, Alternative Investment Market, GMM |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05365939 |
| By: | Impink, Stephen Michael (HEC Paris); Langburd Wright, Nataliya (Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Management) |
| Abstract: | We examine how open source generative AI adoption affects the venture performance of high-tech software startups. Using a matched sample, we find that startups that use generative AI in open product development raise about 15% less funding, especially in competitive markets with many similar AI adopters. However, startups targeting broad markets raise roughly 30% more funding when adopting generative AI early—within six months of its release—before a dominant design emerges. These findings suggest that while early AI adoption in the open can be beneficial, widespread use may erode differentiation. Overall, these results indicate that generative AI is not a silver bullet and may even hinder fundraising when competitive advantages are easily replicated. |
| Keywords: | Generative AI; Strategy; Technological Change; Open Innovation; GitHub |
| JEL: | O30 |
| Date: | 2025–08–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1583 |
| By: | Laitsou, Eleni; Gerogiannis, Vassilis C.; Savvas, Ilias K. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the macro-level determinants of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption among enterprises in the 27 member states of the European Union (EU-27) over the period 2021–2023. Drawing on data from the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and Eurostat, the study employs a multiple linear regression model to assess the influence of four key variables: R&D expenditure, the share of large enterprises, the proportion of the population with above-average digital skills, and access to very high-capacity networks. All variables are log-transformed to enable elasticity-based interpretation. The findings indicate that all four factors are statistically significant and positively associated with AI adoption, with digital skills and VHCN coverage exhibiting the strongest effects. Notably, the inclusion of the share of large enterprises as an explanatory variable provides a novel contribution, underscoring the structural conditions that facilitate technology diffusion at scale. Complementary scatterplot analysis further illustrates these relationships and identifies outlier cases that deviate from general trends. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of context-sensitive policy interventions that integrate infrastructure investment, skills development, and structural upgrading to support inclusive and effective AI adoption across the EU. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence Adoption, European Union (EU-27), Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), R&D, Digital Skills, Large Enterprises |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331288 |
| By: | Raffaele Miniaci (University of Brescia, Italy); Michele Pezzoni (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; Observatoire des Sciences et Techniques, HCERES, Paris, France); Sotaro Shibayama (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Exploration is a critical input for creativity and innovation. This paper aims to investigate how the innovator and her team's exploration activities boost the innovator's performance. In our empirical context, the innovator is a French professor at the university, and her team consists of her PhD students. We study 14, 978 research teams, led by an equivalent number of supervisors. Supervisors and students can explore by investigating research subjects that the supervisor has not previously investigated. Moreover, the direction of their exploration can be more or less aligned. We measure exploration by assessing the similarity of students' and supervisors' research documents using text analysis. Our regression analyses find that both supervisors' and students' exploration activities play a role in determining the supervisors' performance, as measured by publication quantity, impact, and novelty. We show that an optimal combination of exploration activities and alignment yields considerably higher supervisor performance compared to the average. Our results support the idea that PhD students' exploration activities are of paramount importance to their supervisors' performance, and that supervisors should pay close attention when assigning students' thesis subjects. |
| Keywords: | Research teams; Student exploration; Supervisor exploration; Scientific performance; Text analysis algorithm; Science of science |
| JEL: | I20 O30 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2025-49 |
| By: | Brett Huettner; Mitchell Isler |
| Abstract: | The Cleveland Fed’s latest edition of the Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE), administered from October 30 to November 6, 2025, included a set of special questions focused on employment among Fourth District firms. This District Data Brief discusses the top-line results from these questions. |
| Date: | 2025–11–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:c00003:102171 |
| By: | Young Soo Jang; Dasol Kim; Amir Sufi |
| Abstract: | We compare the lending technology of direct lenders, banks, and finance companies using a unique data set on secured borrowing by the universe of U.S.-based private middle market firms. The borrowers of direct lenders are distinct relative to those of traditional lenders; they are younger, more likely to be in intangible capital industries, and more likely to be located in the biggest cities in the United States. These differences reflect the focus of direct lenders on private equity-owned firms; direct lenders have negligible impact in industries and cities with low private equity presence. The lending technology of direct lenders is distinct from banks: they have almost no branch network, they are geographically distant from borrowers, they write collateral claims more focused on the continuation value of firms after a default, and they have a higher degree of specialization in certain industries. Direct lenders and private equity sponsors match on industry specialization more strongly than geographic proximity. The findings suggest that direct lenders are not a general substitute for traditional lenders in middle market business lending, but they are instead specialized lenders focused on a particular segment of the U.S. economy with a distinct lending technology. |
| JEL: | G00 G20 G30 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34500 |
| By: | Hammarstedt, Mats (Linnaeus University, and) |
| Abstract: | We present results from research on different dimensions of immigrant self-employment in Sweden. There are variations in self-employment rates between different groups of immigrants and the native population. Self-employment rates have increased markedly among certain groups of immigrants since the 1990s. Immigrants from certain countries in the Middle East are over-represented in self-employment, while self-employment rates among immigrants from countries in Africa are relatively low. Immigrants from countries outside Europe are often self-employed in branches with low entry barriers. Exit rates from self-employment are generally higher, and earnings are lower among self-employed non-European immigrants than among self-employed natives and European immigrants. Research regarding explanations for why immigrants opt for self-employment is presented. Results indicate that immigrants are pushed into self-employment due to low earnings in wage-employment. As regards the effects of ethnic enclaves, networks, and traditions from their home countries, the results are inconclusive. Family traditions and parental role models increase self-employment propensities more for immigrants than for natives. Non-European immigrants report that they encounter other difficulties and obstacles in their business activities than natives and European immigrants. They consider lack of access to financial capital and discrimination from banks, customers, and suppliers as obstacles for successful self-employment. Finally, results show that immigrants who are successful in their business activities may play an important role for labor market integration since they create employment opportunities also for other immigrants. |
| Keywords: | Self-employment; Immigrants; Sweden |
| JEL: | J15 J24 L26 |
| Date: | 2025–11–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1544 |
| By: | Damásio, Bruno; Silva, Eduardo; Mendonça, Sandro |
| Abstract: | Recent years have recorded a growth in the number of patent applications filed by digital platforms. This paper argues that by profiling these patent portfolios, we can obtain insightful patterns on platforms' business and innovation strategies. For this purpose, we build a dataset of over 380, 000 patent applications filed at least by one of ten large US and Chinese digital platforms between 1986 and 2024. A significant rise in patent activity has taken shape since 2012, largely due to an impressive number of applications filed by Chinese platforms. Platforms tend to patent alone and concentrate their patenting activity on computer technology and electric communication, with machine learning being an overarching theme. However, some platforms like Apple pursue the development of a diversified patent portfolio, while others build one more specialized and aligned with their core business. Additionally, platform applications receive a significant number of citations, despite a skewed distribution which is only slightly challenged by Apple. Finally, applications by Chinese platforms have a more limited international protection when compared to their American counterparts, as attested by their patent family sizes. |
| Keywords: | patents, digital platforms, portfolio, China |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331264 |
| By: | Ioannou, Nikos; Kokkinis, Dimitris; Chipouras, Aristides; Katsianis, Dimitris; Vouyioukas, Demosthenes; Varoutas, Dimitris |
| Abstract: | The emergence of 4G/5G broadband networks, which enable high-speed data and real-time video, marks a critical turning point for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) communications. However, their adoption depends on overcoming the technical, regulatory, and economic challenges. This study applies a comprehensive techno-economic evaluation, combining radio coverage modelling, cost modeling, and business model analysis, to compare two deployment strategies in Greece. A fully public, dedicated Government-Owned Government-Operated (GO-GO) network and a Contractor-Owned Contractor-Operated (COCO) model leveraging a commercial 5G network via network slicing. We find the CO-CO model to be roughly 44% more cost-efficient over a 10-year horizon than GO-GO, largely due to the reuse of existing sites, fiber backhaul, and shared spectrum resources. In contrast, the GO-GO approach affords full governmental control and security isolation but is constrained by a narrow dedicated spectrum and incurs higher capital and operational costs, yielding only a limited broadband capacity. Under strict service-level agreements, the CO-CO scenario can deliver comparable mission-critical reliability while enabling greater flexibility and scalability through continuous 5G upgrades. These findings have broad policy relevance for Greece and similar EU countries, suggesting that shared infrastructure partnerships offer a more affordable and effective path to modernize PPDR networks. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331277 |
| By: | Sturm, Patrick |
| Abstract: | This paper studies firm adjustments in response to a working life extension of older female employees. Specifically, I exploit the German 1999 pension reform that eliminated an early retirement pathway for women, causing an increase in their early retirement age by three years for those born after January 1, 1952. Using high-quality linked employer-employee data and a difference-in-differences event study design, I show that firms that employed affected women substantially increased their number of retained female employees aged 60-62. However, this retention resulted in a significant reduction in the number of new hires and in a modest decline in the number of wage increases among incumbent employees. Further analyses suggest that the magnitude and type of firm adjustment largely depend on the firm-specific human capital required for the respective occupation. |
| Keywords: | firm adjustments, pension reform, internal labor markets, substitution effects |
| JEL: | D22 H55 J26 M51 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wuewep:333395 |
| By: | Rodríguez Pita, María del Pilar |
| Abstract: | This study develops two composite indices to evaluate digitalization and sustainability across European NUTS-2 regions using Eurostat and OCDE data. Employing PCA analysis we construct a Regional Digitalization Index and a Regional Sustainable Development Index, applying k-means clustering to identify typologies. Results reveal a strong positive correlation between digital infrastructure and SDG performance, with clusters of high-performing "leaders" localized in the northerns and western regions and low-performers in the southern and eastern, highlighting the existing disparities in the single market. Based on these insights, we propose targeted policy interventions to promote equitable twin transitions. |
| Keywords: | Digitalization, Sustainable Development, NUTS 2, Europe |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331300 |
| By: | Foroogh Nazari Chamaki (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario Canada); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Frank Milne (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Canada) |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized enterprises incur disproportionately high compliance costs under the current Goods and Services Tax/Harmonized Sales Tax (GST/HST) reporting system. To reduce these costs, some EU and Latin American countries have successfully adopted prefilled tax return systems supported by national e-invoicing infrastructures. Canada has not yet adopted this innovation. This study estimates the economic welfare improvement that would result if Canada were to implement a system of prefilled GST/HST returns. An integrated financial, economic, and stakeholder cost-benefit analysis is used. Implementation of a prefilled GST/HST return system in Canada is estimated to generate a present value of compliance cost savings over 10 years for GST-/HST-registered businesses of CAD 14.3 billion. Over 99% of these savings would accrue to over 3.7 million medium, small, and self-employed businesses. After netting out the costs of implementing this intervention, the economic welfare improvement for the economy would be CAD 13.6 billion. The additional income taxes collected due to the reduction in business costs have a positive budgetary impact on both the federal and provincial governments. Hence, after deducting estimated costs, the government’s net gain would be CAD 2.6 billion. The net after-tax gain by Canadian businesses would be approximately CAD 11 billion. |
| Keywords: | Prefilling GST/HST Return, Digitalization of Tax System, E-invoicing, Compliance Cost of GST/HST in Canada, SMEs, GST/HST filers, Goods and Services Tax/Harmonized Sales Tax Filers by Jurisdiction. |
| JEL: | H25 H26 H83 D61 O38 |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4639 |
| By: | Ismail Benslimane (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah [Fès]); Nabil Sifouh (Université Mohammed Premier [Oujda] = Université Mohammed Ier = University of Mohammed First); Sanae Benjelloun (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah [Fès]); Karim Ameziane (UCD - Université Chouaib Doukkali); Yassire Elotmani (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this article is to highlight three key concepts in the field of innovation: risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty. To this end, we reviewed the literature to identify the (probability/outcome) pair that helps distinguish these three notions and prevent any confusion. Particular attention is given to the eight types of uncertainty related to innovation, as well as to the various mechanisms available to reduce them. This research also aims to identify the primary source of ambiguity in innovative industries – namely, complexity – while addressing the risks inherent in technological innovation, whether internal or external. Finally, the article proposes an 'uncertainty tree' that synthesizes these various dimensions and situates the three aspects of uncertainty within a process-oriented framework, in order to determine the respective phases in which they emerge. |
| Keywords: | unforeseen uncertainty, radical uncertainty, uncertainty tree, ambiguity, risk |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05312346 |
| By: | Claeys, Peter; Gómez-Bengoechea, Gonzalo; Jung, Juan; Van Der Wielen, Wouter; Weiss, Christoph |
| Abstract: | This article analyzes if the Internet of Things (IoT) can contribute to increasing energy productivity across firms that adopt this technology. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of more than 8, 000 firms from various sectors across 26 European countries, surveyed by the European Investment Bank across the years 2022 and 2023. Methodologically, we combine two-way fixed-effects models (TWFE), differences-in-differences and matching methods. Our results indicate significant effects of IoT on energy productivity, although these effects seem to be concentrated among manufacturing/construction sectors and medium/big firms only. Our findings suggest that digital technologies such as IoT can potentially play a key role in energy transitions toward more sustainable economies. |
| Keywords: | Internet of Things, Digitization, Energy productivity, Energy efficiency |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331263 |
| By: | Fatima Ahekkad (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire en Management des organisations et en Economie Appliquée - UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl); Abdelkader Charba (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire en Management des organisations et en Economie Appliquée - UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl) |
| Abstract: | Abstract : This article examines the role and perception of University Social Responsibility (USR) within Moroccan public universities. Drawing on a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews conducted with eight key stakeholders (including faculty members, administrative staff, and a representative from the Ministry of Higher Education), the research highlights a growing interest in USR, increasingly regarded as a lever for modernization, improved governance, and enhanced institutional performance. Despite this emerging awareness, several structural and organizational constraints hinder the effective implementation of USR. These include the absence of a coherent national strategy, limited financial and human resources, insufficient training, and a weak culture of monitoring and evaluation. As a result, USR initiatives often remain fragmented, isolated, and disconnected from the universities' broader strategic planning. To address these shortcomings, the study formulates a series of recommendations aimed at integrating USR more effectively into university governance. These include the development of a national strategic framework for USR, the systematic training of academic and administrative staff, and the adoption of robust and context-sensitive evaluation tools. Ultimately, the study advocates for the institutionalization of USR as a core, measurable, and sustainable component of the university's mission, extending its role beyond teaching and research to a more active engagement with societal development and public accountability. Keywords: Social responsibility, public university, governance, qualitative analysis. Classification JEL: I23, M14 Paper type: Empirical Research |
| Abstract: | Résumé : Cet article examine de manière approfondie la place, la perception et les dynamiques de mise en œuvre de la responsabilité sociétale universitaire (RSU) au sein des universités publiques marocaines. En s'appuyant sur une méthodologie qualitative, basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de huit acteurs institutionnels clés (enseignants-chercheurs, cadres administratifs, représentant du ministère), l'étude met en lumière une prise de conscience croissante de l'importance de la RSU. Celle-ci est perçue par les répondants comme un levier stratégique permettant non seulement de moderniser la gouvernance universitaire, mais également de renforcer son ancrage territorial, sa légitimité sociale et sa contribution au développement durable. Les résultats révèlent une série de freins structurels : absence de stratégie claire, ressources humaines et financières limitées, faible culture d'évaluation, et manque de coordination entre les initiatives existantes. Ces éléments entravent une institutionnalisation effective de la RSU. L'article souligne ainsi l'urgence de dépasser une approche fragmentaire ou symbolique. Parmi les recommandations issues de l'analyse figurent la création d'un cadre national cohérent pour la RSU, la formation des acteurs universitaires à ses enjeux et outils, ainsi que le développement d'indicateurs d'évaluation adaptés. L'objectif est de faire de la RSU une composante intégrée, mesurable et durable de la mission universitaire. Mots clés : Responsabilité sociétale, université publique, gouvernance, analyse qualitative. JEL Classification : I23, M14 Type du papier : Recherche empirique |
| Keywords: | governance, qualitative analysis., public university, Social responsibility, analyse qualitative., gouvernance, université publique, Responsabilité sociétale |
| Date: | 2025–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05308794 |
| By: | Fernández-Bonilla, Fernando; Ruíz-Rúa, Aurora; Gijón, Covadonga; Martínez de Ibarreta Zorita, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Touristic mobility is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly due to the dominance of private vehicle. This study explores the determinants of sustainable transport choices among domestic tourists in Spain, focusing on how individual, territorial, and digital factors influence the adoption of public and low-emission transport modes. Using the Resident Tourism Survey (INE, 2016–2024), we estimate logistic and ordered regression models that incorporate sociodemographic variables, trip characteristics, and e-tourism indicators. Results reveal a strong association between digital planning and sustainable modal choice, particularly in urban and coastal destinations. Additionally, cultural and educational travel activities are more likely to be linked to public transport use, while leisure activities show a higher dependence on private modes. Socioeconomic factors like income, education, and age also significantly affect transport behaviour. This research highlights the need for territorialised, integrated policies to promote sustainable mobility in tourism, especially in rural areas. Enhancing digitalisation, improving public transport access, and tailoring strategies to specific regional and profiles are key to enabling a greener transition in tourism mobility. |
| Keywords: | e-Tourism, Rural, e-Mobility, Sustainability, Logit Model |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331268 |