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on Small Business Management |
|
Issue of 2024‒06‒10
twenty-one papers chosen by |
| By: | Yoshiki Ando (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | The role that venture capital (VC) plays in helping promising startups achieve high growth is examined. Three facts are documented from administrative US Census data and proprietary VC datasets. First, VC-backed firms achieve substantial growth in employment and payroll compared to non-VC-backed firms. Second, VC-backed firms typically raise funding more than 10 times their revenue at age 0 and intensively invest in research and development. Third, venture capitalists acquire around 3.3% extra equity stakes relative to Angel investors. Based on the evidence, I develop a firm dynamics model with endogenous firm productivity and choice of financing from VC, Angel (non-VC-equity) investors, and banks. Venture capitalists provide equity-based funding and managerial advice, but they are in limited supply. The model shows the benefit of VC and Angel financing over bank financing for high-potential firms because of their large investment in innovation, which creates a debt repayment issue with bank financing when innovation is unsuccessful. VC-backed firms achieve substantial growth as a result of endogenous sorting, equity-based funding, and managerial advice. The calibrated model implies that venture capitalists’ advice accounts for around 24% of the growth of VC-backed firms. Finally, policy experiments predict that subsidies to innovation expenditures or equity investments enhance aggregate output and consumption in the steady state in contrast to bank loan subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital, firm dynamics, innovation, upfront investment, equity, debt, default, endogenous sorting |
| JEL: | D22 D25 E22 G24 G30 O32 |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pen:papers:24-012&r= |
| By: | Lamia SABOUR ALAOUI (National School of Business and Management (ENCG)) |
| Abstract: | SMEs have a high rate of disappearance, an SME in the course of its life may face the risk of failure. This failure is due to several micro or macro-economic factors. The objective of this article is to address the positioning of Moroccan small and medium enterprises in relation to Turkish SMEs. As such, we have chosen Turkey, as it is among the best economic powers in the world.The comparative analysis will focus on Turkey's strengths and advantages, notably in terms of the means to solve problems and difficulties related to R&D, competition from informal enterprises, access to finance, lack of managerial and entrepreneurial skills and the capacity of SMEs to participate in the exportable offer. |
| Keywords: | SMEs, Benchmarking, Managerial skills, Informal enterprises, R&D, Morocco, Turkey. |
| JEL: | A10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:14115841&r= |
| By: | R. Bawack (Audencia Business School); I. D. Tchokoté |
| Abstract: | Business games seem like a sustainable solution to business and entrepreneurship education. Still, knowledge on the topic is so dispersed that educators lack a clear understanding of the conceptual path linking business games to business and entrepreneurship education. This article proposed to synthesize academic literature on business games. It analyzes bibliographic data from 733 documents from the Web of Science core collection published over the past 65 years. The results provide rich content on the main knowledge clusters in business game research, the key concepts driving each cluster, the relationships between them, emerging trends, and the seminal papers business scholars and practitioners could use to deepen their knowledge of each cluster. The results also led to a conceptual framework describing current research on business games in entrepreneurship education, identifying key research gaps, and proposing a research agenda that could help scholars make meaningful contributions to the entrepreneurship niche in business games research. Specifically, technology acceptance and experiential learning literature have laid the theoretical foundations for understanding the role of business games in business and entrepreneurial education. Research has mainly focused on higher-education students' entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Business Game, Bibliometric Analysis, Review, Entrepreneurship, Education |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04558491&r= |
| By: | Estrin, Saul; Guerrero, Maribel; Mickiewicz, Tomasz |
| Abstract: | We analyse entrepreneurial entry along the dimensions of informal-formal and necessity-opportunity entrepreneurship, distinguishing between them yet considering them jointly. While the dominant view in the literature conflates necessity with informal entry, and opportunity with formal entry, we hypothesise that informal entrepreneurship may be attractive to higher-income individuals as a testing ground for entrepreneurial ideas. We also explain why higher-income individuals may undertake necessity entrepreneurship. We utilise individual Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data from Chile (2019-2021), which identifies informal-formal and necessity-opportunity entrepreneurial entry modes, to test hypotheses on the role of individuals´ income in the four types of entrepreneurial entry. We also consider changes in entrepreneurial entry during a crisis and a non-crisis periods. Our results confirm that the patterns in the data are consistent with hypotheses derived from our proposed theoretical framework. |
| Keywords: | informal entrepreneurship; opportunity; necessity; income; crisis; global entrepreneurship; monitor; Chile; Elsevier deal |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:122663&r= |
| By: | Asma Azzamouk (UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech]); Mustapha Zahir (UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech]) |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized businesses are characterized by their vulnerability due to their limited resources. Their lack of financing and expertise pushes them to implement new solutions to survive in a turbulent environment, marked by the difficult economic conjuncture and relentless competition. This article aims to explore how innovation takes place within SMEs, highlighting the peculiarities of this category of companies, in particular those that restrain their ambitions to venture into innovative projects. The present research is qualitative in nature, and the multiple case study approach was chosen for its exploratory appeal. We focused on two Moroccan SMEs for comparative data collection. The results show that SMEs are characterized by their fragility due to financial, technical and managerial factors, making them vulnerable to internal and external hazards. They recognize the importance of innovation for society, but face obstacles such as financial constraints, lack of skills and management shortcomings, which hold back the adoption of innovative practices. |
| Abstract: | Les petites et moyennes entreprises se caractérisent par leur vulnérabilité due à leurs ressources limitées. Leur manque de financement et de compétence les pousse à mettre en place de nouvelles solutions pour survivre dans un environnement turbulent, marqué par une conjoncture économique difficile et une concurrence acharnée. Cet article cherche à comprendre comment l'innovation s'opère au sein des PME et vise à cerner les particularités de cette catégorie d'entreprises, notamment celles qui freinent leurs ambitions de s'aventurer dans des projets innovants. La présente recherche est d'ordre qualitatif, l'étude de cas multiples a été choisie pour sa valeur exploratoire. Nous nous sommes concentrées sur deux PME marocaines, pour une collecte comparative de données. Il en résulte que les PME se distinguent par leur fragilité due à des facteurs financiers, techniques et managériaux, les rendant vulnérables aux aléas internes et externes. Elles reconnaissent l'importance de l'innovation pour la société, mais font face à des obstacles tels que des contraintes financières, un manque de compétences et des lacunes en gestion, qui entravent la mise en œuvre de processus innovants. |
| Keywords: | SME, vulnerability, innovation, PME, vulnérabilité, Innovation |
| Date: | 2024–04–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04554702&r= |
| By: | Alexander S. Kritikos (DIW Berlin, University of Potsdam, GLO Essen, IAB Nuremberg, CEPA); Mika Maliranta (University of Jyväskylä); Veera Nippala (University of Jyväskylä); Satu Nurmi (Statistics Finland) |
| Abstract: | We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is – starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12 percent - two to three percentage-points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role for the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses in male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10 percent also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others – firm managers – determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, gender pay gap, discrimination, linked employer-employee data |
| JEL: | J16 J24 J31 J71 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pot:cepadp:76&r= |
| By: | Adrien Jean-Guy Passant (ISTEC - Institut supérieur des Sciences, Techniques et Economie Commerciales - ISTEC) |
| Abstract: | Although entrepreneurship is presently one of the core elements of business schools' curricula worldwide, little is known about the emergence and evolution of this type of training outside the U.S. A. To bridge this gap, this paper examines entrepreneurship training in France drawing on the case of ESCP, the oldest business school in the world. Its contribution is threefold. First, it details the determining role of contextual factors on the emergence and evolution of entrepreneurship instruction within a business school. Second, it illustrates that there is no automatic correspondence between the intention or the content of entrepreneurship courses and their results, which questions the nature of entrepreneurship instruction. Third, it examines the role of business school students in defining the boundaries between business education and entrepreneurial education. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship instruction, Entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurial diversification, Business schools |
| Date: | 2024–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04553017&r= |
| By: | Adelia Fatikhova; Fabrizio Fusillo; Sandro Montresor; |
| Abstract: | This work investigates the role of external exchanges of green knowledge on the regional development of new green technological specializations. We extend the recombinant knowledge framework to commodity-embodied knowledge and posit that inter-industry inter-regional flows of commodities, in which new green knowledge gets incorporated, are a channel through which regions can increase their opportunities of specializing in new green technologies and diversify in a more exploratory manner. We further expect these dynamics to be stronger when foreign rather than domestic embodied flows are concerned. By combining the EUREGIO input-output database with patent data, we test our hypotheses on a sample of 237 EU (NUTS2) regions over the period 2000-2019. We measure the regions’ centrality in the network of inter-regional flows of embodied green knowledge (GreenFlowNet) and exploit regional network centrality in a model of related diversification for green technologies. Results show that the centrality of regions in the network is positively associated with green diversification, making this process more exploratory. We also find that the regional ability to acquire new green-techs is mainly associated with the centrality in outward flows of green knowledge towards other regions rather than inward ones. Lastly, we find that regions’ green-tech diversification seems to be enabled (at the extensive margin) primarily by their centrality in the foreign network and accelerated (at the intensive margin) by their centrality in the domestic one. Policy implications are drawn accordingly. |
| Keywords: | green technologies, diversification, relatedness, knowledge networks |
| JEL: | R11 R15 O52 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2413&r= |
| By: | DIENHART Christina; KORNEEVA Ekaterina |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This Report provides the findings for Espoo region in Finland, as at October 2023 and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137316&r= |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This Report provides the findings for Gorenjska region in Slovenia, as at October 2023 and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137320&r= |
| By: | MORALES Diana |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of climate risks within different biogeographical regions, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation features. This Report provides the findings for the regions of Blekinge and Värmland, Sweden, as at November 2023 and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137318&r= |
| By: | KORNEEVA Ekaterina; DIENHART Christina |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report provides the findings for the city of Leuven, Belgium, as at October 2023, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137313&r= |
| By: | Franco, Chiara; Pietrovito, Filomena |
| Abstract: | The aim of the paper is to analyse the main internal drivers of the increase and adoption of online activities carried out by firms in reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic. While the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on several different measures of firm level performance has been debated in many papers, not enough effort has been devoted to investigating its digitalization impact, especially with respect to the drivers for firms operating in transition countries. To this end, we explore a very detailed firm-level dataset, drawn from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) combined with the Covid-19-ES Follow-up Survey, for 22 East European and Central-Eastern Asian countries. Our findings reveal that (i) higher online activity is associated with higher digital and technological endowment of the firm and (ii) this relationship is shaped by external factors, such as country-level digital infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | digitalization; technological endowment, transition countries, Covid-19. |
| JEL: | D22 L20 O30 |
| Date: | 2024–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mol:ecsdps:esdp24096&r= |
| By: | Hanane Jenane (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Fatima Zahra Achour (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl) |
| Abstract: | The literature on entrepreneurial motivation posits that entrepreneurship can be chosen or forced. Following this line of thought, it is most often studied according to the push/pull or necessity/opportunity dichotomy. However, this approach to entrepreneurial motivation has been subject to several criticisms from researchers. They concern two fundamental points: on one hand, the exclusivity of choice, and on the other hand, the weakness of the push/pull (or necessity/opportunity) opposition of the motivitional determinants. In addition, the rise of entrepreneurship and changes in the work environment have led to the emergence of atypical profiles of entrepreneurs that cannot be adequately analyzed by the classical economic push/pull framework, notably converted employees turned entrepreneurs. It is from this perspective that this article aims to thoroughly examine the motivational factors that drive some Moroccan employees to leave their jobs to become entrepreneurs. Thus, we turn to another mobilized by entrepreneurship researchers, that of the possibility of a push-pull continuum, to interpret entrepreneurial motivation among Moroccan employees. To achieve this, 12 case studies were conducted. The findings indicate that the decision to transition to entrepreneurship takes into consideration both the employment situation and professional as well a personal aspiration. According to the results, the entrepreneurial motivation of the employees in our sample is formed from a combination of factors (Push and Pull) with a predominance of factors relating to job dissatisfaction and the desire for independence. Following these are determinants related to the discovery of an opportunity. |
| Abstract: | La littérature portant sur la motivation entrepreneuriale postule que la création d'entreprise peut être choisie ou subie. Suivant cette ligne de pensée, elle est le plus souvent étudiée selon la dichotomie push/pull ou nécessité/opportunité. Cette approche de la motivation entrepreneuriale a cependant fait l'objet de plusieurs critiques de la part des chercheurs. Elles concernent deux points fondamentaux : d'un côté, l'exclusivité du choix, et d'un autre côté, la faiblesse de l'opposition du caractère push/pull (ou nécessité/ opportunité) des déterminants de la motivation. En outre, l'essor de l'entrepreneuriat et les mutations de l'environnement de travail ont fait émerger des profils atypiques d'entrepreneurs qui ne pourront pas se prêter à l'analyse par le découpage classique économique push/pull, notamment les salariés convertis en entrepreneurs. C'est dans cette perspective, que le présent article a pour objectif d'étudier en profondeur les facteurs motivationnels qui poussent certains salariés marocains à quitter leurs emplois pour devenir entrepreneurs. Ainsi, nous recourons à une autre piste de recherche mobilisée par les chercheurs en entrepreneuriat, celle de la possibilité d'un continuum push-pull, pour interpréter la motivation entrepreneuriale chez les salariés marocains. Pour ce faire, 12 études de cas ont été menées. Il en ressort que la décision de passage à l'entrepreneuriat prend en considération la situation dans l'emploi et les aspirations à la fois professionnelles et personnelles. Selon les résultats, la motivation entrepreneuriale des salariés de notre échantillon se forme à partir d'une combinaison de facteurs (Push et Pull) avec une prédominance des facteurs relatifs à l'insatisfaction au travail et au désir d'indépendance. Viennent en deuxième ordre les déterminants relatifs à la découverte d'une opportunité. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship - employee - entrepreneurial motivation - push-pull continuum., Entrepreneuriat -Salarié -motivation entrepreneuriale -continuum push-pull. |
| Date: | 2024–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04562208&r= |
| By: | Li, Shuo (Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China); Wang, Min (China Center for Economic Research, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China) |
| Abstract: | The paper provides a comprehensive investigation of the effects of environmental regulations on Chinese firms’ extensive margins. Using registration information of all firms in 35 industries from 1991 to 2010, we show that environmental regulations deter firm entry, increase firm exit and reduce the net entry of firms. Specifically, in response to such regulations, large, long-lived and private entrants are less likely to enter the market, and small and long-lived incumbents are more likely to exit. This concentrates the market and expands the state sector in pollution-intensive industries. Moreover, the entrants are more heavily regulated than incumbents. We also find evidence that, in response to environmental regulations, firms in regulated locations are more likely to create new firms in pollution-intensive industries in unregulated areas. However, these spatial spillover effects are negligible, posing little threat to the estimation of environmental regulatory impacts on firm entry in our setting and therefore alleviating the concern of pollution relocation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Regulation; Firm Entry; Firm Exit; Equity Investment; Spatial Spillover; Inter-city Investment |
| JEL: | L51 O44 Q52 Q58 R38 |
| Date: | 2022–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2022_015&r= |
| By: | Katarína ?ulková (Technical University of Ko?ice); Mária Jano?ková (Faculty of Business Economics in Ko?ice, University of Economics in Bratislava) |
| Abstract: | Over the last thirty years, controlling has become so established in corporate management that it occupies a leading position in the management of modern companies. The paper deals with the use of controlling tools in corporate governance in a selected region of Slovakia on the basis of a questionnaire survey on the current state in management in small and medium enterprises. The results show that mostly in small companies there are no separate controlling departments. Based on the results the conditions for the implementation of controlling into business practice were defined, which can contribute to the development of the business. |
| Keywords: | Controlling tools, Enterprise management, Questionnaire research, Slovakia |
| JEL: | D23 G32 M20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:14116022&r= |
| By: | Bonilla, George J.J.; Dietlmeier, Simon Frederic; Urmetzer, Florian |
| Abstract: | The increasing governmental interest in fostering the Artificial Intelligence sector in Britain has rapidly increased; the United Kingdom has recognised AI’s significance and incorporated it into its policy frameworks. The UK’s Industrial Strategy framework of 2017 emphasises the need for investment, research, and collaboration in this field, and these effortsraise a significant question: How do Regional AI SMEs have access to framework, networks and resources? In line with this research endeavour, the research focuses on how three AI SMEs located in different regions of Britain are influenced by the introduction of those policy frameworks in their business operations. By examining these aspects, this research provides insights into the impact of the domestic AI policy framework on Britain’s AI SMEs. It focuses on how policies can shape the development and adoption of such frameworks in SMEs and how these frameworks influences might differ from one SME to another, by utilising two frameworks: 1. The Stakeholder Assessment Criterion, defines three models: ‘Statist-model’, ‘Laissez-Faire model’ and ‘Academia Model’. 2. The Governance Matrix. These two frameworks aided this research to in comprehending the current British AI ecosystem policy developments influencing the three AI SMEs. This research was propelled by an inductive reasoning process and qualitative data collection methodology. Three case studies were conducted: one in a company based in London, England’s capital; another in Reading, located in Berkshire; and a third in Sheffield, situated in the South Yorkshire County of northern England. These observations took place between June 12 and July 14. Several interviews with stakeholders from these companies were conducted, providing the opportunity to scrutinise and cross-reference the recent AI policy framework developments implemented by the British Parliament. Furthermore, the study engaged regional and domestic policymakers in interviews to comprehend the external factors influencing these companies |
| Keywords: | Standardization; Multi-Stakeholder; Forum; Artificial Intelligence; Policy |
| JEL: | A1 B2 C8 F5 Y4 |
| Date: | 2023–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120619&r= |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire; HAEGEMAN Karel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report looks at the key features of territorial Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, as they are developing throughout the EU, and examines whether and how the adoption of a Transformative Innovation (TI) approach could add value to these strategies and their implementation. The analysis is based on a literature review covering the two fields. Starting from rationales for linking TI and CCA strategies, seven key TI features are identified which are further explored in this report, in order to form a picture of the possible beneficial contributions TI might make to the design and implementation of CCA strategies. For each feature, potential contributions to climate adaptation are identified. Also, barriers to integrating TI in CCA strategies are formulated, both to strategy formulation and strategy implementation. Infusing TI approaches into the design and implementation of CCA strategies holds a promise to raise their effectiveness, and calls for more experimentation. As a way to start such experimentation, the framework developed in this report has been applied to 16 territories, covered in 14 separate case study reports listed in annex 2, drawing meaningful insights per territory as regards accelerating climate adaptation through transformative innovation. It targets public authorities in EU territories (and beyond) at different governance levels (from national to local), as well as other territorial stakeholders involved in or affected by climate adaptation policies and transformative innovation policies. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137300&r= |
| By: | GRASSANO Nicola; NAPOLITANO Lorenzo (European Commission - JRC); M'BAREK Robert (European Commission - JRC); RODRIGUEZ CEREZO Emilio (European Commission - JRC); LASARTE LOPEZ Jesus (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In this document, we focus on innovation in biotechnologies (biotech), as captured by patented invention worldwide. To this aim, we focus on international patents filed at multiple offices, at least one of which belonging to the IP5 consortium (see methodological box for more details). Moreover, we rely on expert knowledge collected by the OECD to select the inventions connected to biotech. The analysis aims to produce a bird’s eye view on the evolution of patenting in this technological area over time and its relevance across the geographical and technological dimensions. The key points emerging from this analysis are: Biotech patents represent around 5% of all the IP5 patents in the period 2001-2019. The US are by far the country with the highest share of biotech patents, the EU is lagging behind (with an increasing gap with the US) , while China seem to have started catching Up with the EU; The majority of the biotech patents are withe (industrials) and red (medical) biotechnologies. Japanese, Chinese, and EU applicants show relatively high specialization in white biotech patents, while UK and US applicants are relatively specialized in horizontal and red biotech patents. Germany and France have the highest number of biotech patent applicants in the EU, accounting for slightly over 50% of all EU biotech patents; The single biotechnology most patented is C12Q 1/66, "Measuring or testing processes involving luciferase", which alone represents 6.4% of all the biotech patents analysed; Preliminary analysis suggests that the competition among regions in biotech patents revolves around the number of patents in each of the main biotechnological domains, rather than the different types of biotechnologies patented. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137266&r= |
| By: | Surendran-Padmaja, Subash; Parlasca, Martin C.; Qaim, Matin; Krishna, Vijesh V. |
| Abstract: | This study investigates key institutional factors promoting the adoption of laser land levelling (LLL), a technology that has gained wide popularity among farmers in northwestern India despite being indivisible. The main objective is to evaluate the role of service providers, offering LLL on a rental basis to farmers, for technology dissemination among smallholders with fragmented plots. Plot-level data from 1, 661 households across 84 villages in Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh in India were collected and used to analyse farmers’ LLL technology perceptions and adoption decisions. Regression models were developed to estimate the role of local service provision for LLL adoption while controlling for farm, household, and other contextual variables. The analysis pays particular attention to the heterogeneous effects of service provision on farmers with different farm and plot sizes. The data and estimates reveal that local access to a larger number of service providers is associated with higher rates of LLL adoption among farmers. The effect of service providers on adoption varies by farm and plot size: it is larger on smaller farms/plots. The findings suggest that a conducive institutional environment that accommodates the specific needs of different farm sizes can speed up innovation adoption. This finding makes a case for re-evaluating traditional agricultural technology scaling models to include individual service provision for broader and more inclusive adoption. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:342427&r= |
| By: | Panagiota Koltsida; Eleni Toli; Christos Marinos-Kouris; Michail Dorgiakis; Yannis Ioannidis; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The Living Lab Modeler (LLM) is a web-based application that enables the digital representation of Living Labs (LLs) and the facilitation of their activities. LLM is designed on the premise of LLs being user-centred innovation ecosystems that rely on multi-stakeholder collaboration to drive innovation. The LLM addresses commonly observed shortcomings in the operation of Living Labs, by providing a digital solution to support core LL activities such as stakeholder management, activity tracking, outcome documentation, and reporting, including also more specialised modules that depict the interactions among the LL's 'ecosystem' entities. The first version of LLM was developed as part of the DESIRA H2020 project and tested with European LLs that sprang on the premise of DESIRA. This paper presents the empirical observations along with Living Lab related theoretical and conceptual perspectives that contributed to the shaping of the LLM, subsequently developing on the main design principles and functionalities, providing a comprehensive outline of the multifaceted capabilities of the tool and showcasing its potential. |
| Keywords: | Living Lab operation, Living Lab management, digital tools and solutions, user-centred innovation ecosystems, co-creation methodologies |
| Date: | 2024–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2411&r= |