|
on Small Business Management |
|
Issue of 2024‒05‒20
28 papers chosen by |
| By: | Autio , Erkko (Imperial College Business School); Park, Donghyun (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores economy- and regional-level determinants of the productivity potential of new entrepreneurial firms using data from Asian Development Bank regional members. Results show that new entrepreneurial firms constitute a highly heterogeneous group in terms of their productivity potential and that this potential is shaped by the economy’s national system of entrepreneurship. This system consists of both economy level institutional conditions, as well as the resource and knowledge dynamics that operate at the level of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Economy-level institutional conditions shape the productivity potential of the economy’s population of new entrepreneurial firms through their effect on who chooses to become an entrepreneur and what strategic goals the resulting new firms decide and are able to pursue. The regional level entrepreneurial dynamics condition the extent to which new entrepreneurial ventures are able to realize this potential through business model innovation. This recognition is important because it suggests that to be effective, an economy’s entrepreneurship policy framework needs to address both economy-level institutional conditions as well as regional-level entrepreneurial ecosystem dynamics. The two require different policy approaches and pose distinctive challenges. |
| Keywords: | digital entrepreneurship; productivity; entrepreneurial policy; new firms |
| JEL: | L26 M13 O30 O38 |
| Date: | 2024–04–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0721&r=sbm |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The following article analyzes Italian companies with more than 10 employees that use online sales tools. The data used were acquired from the ISTAT-BES database. The article first presents a static analysis of the data aimed at framing the phenomenon in the context of Italian regional disparities. Subsequently, a clustering with k-Means algorithm is proposed by comparing the Silhouette coefficient and the Elbow method. The investigation of the innovative and technological determinants of the observed variable is carried out through the application of a panel econometric model. Finally, different machine learning algorithms for prediction are compared. The results are critically discussed with economic policy suggestions. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Innovation and Invention, Management of Technological Innovation and R&D, Technological Change, Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital. |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2024–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120637&r=sbm |
| By: | Congregado, Emilio (University of Huelva); Fossen, Frank M. (University of Nevada, Reno); Rubino, Nicola (University of Rome Tor Vergata); Troncoso, David (University of Seville) |
| Abstract: | The dynamics of startup activity are crucial for job creation, innovation, and a competitive economy. Does regional firm formation exhibit hysteresis, such that shocks, including those induced by temporary policy interventions, have permanent effects? Due to the pronounced heterogeneity among new entrepreneurs, it is important to distinguish between those pulled by opportunity and those pushed by necessity. This distinction allows evaluating the long-term effects of policies aimed at stimulating opportunity entrepreneurship versus active labor-market policies supporting self-employment as a way out of unemployment. Based on 84 waves of quarterly microdata from the Spanish Labor Force Survey, we create time series of new opportunity and new necessity entrepreneurship for the 17 Spanish regions. To test whether exogenous shocks have long-run effects on firm formation, we apply a battery of panel data and time series unit root tests accounting for deterministic breaks. We also present results for the different Spanish regions and industrial sectors. We find that hysteresis is more widespread in new opportunity than in new necessity entrepreneurship, implying that shocks and temporary policies are more likely to shift opportunity than necessity entrepreneurship in the long run. Moreover, we document that the global Financial Crisis of 2008 changed the technology of firm formation out of opportunity, but not out of necessity. Our analysis opens the door to further research on the long-term effectiveness of a regional and sectoral policy mix of entrepreneurship promotion and active labor market policies. |
| Keywords: | self-employment, opportunity entrepreneurship, necessity entrepreneurship, firm formation, hysteresis, stationarity, regions |
| JEL: | C32 E23 J24 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16930&r=sbm |
| By: | Kathryn Bonney; Cory Breaux; Cathy Buffington; Emin Dinlersoz; Lucia S. Foster; Nathan Goldschlag; John C. Haltiwanger; Zachary Kroff; Keith Savage |
| Abstract: | Timely and accurate measurement of AI use by firms is both challenging and crucial for understanding the impacts of AI on the U.S. economy. We provide new, real-time estimates of current and expected future use of AI for business purposes based on the Business Trends and Outlook Survey for September 2023 to February 2024. During this period, bi-weekly estimates of AI use rate rose from 3.7% to 5.4%, with an expected rate of about 6.6% by early Fall 2024. The fraction of workers at businesses that use AI is higher, especially for large businesses and in the Information sector. AI use is higher in large firms but the relationship between AI use and firm size is non-monotonic. In contrast, AI use is higher in young firms although, on an employment-weighted basis, is U-shaped in firm age. Common uses of AI include marketing automation, virtual agents, and data/text analytics. AI users often utilize AI to substitute for worker tasks and equipment/software, but few report reductions in employment due to AI use. Many firms undergo organizational changes to accommodate AI, particularly by training staff, developing new workflows, and purchasing cloud services/storage. AI users also exhibit better overall performance and higher incidence of employment expansion compared to other businesses. The most common reason for non-adoption is the inapplicability of AI to the business. |
| JEL: | L23 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32319&r=sbm |
| By: | Arellano-Bover, Jaime (Yale University); De Simoni, Marco (Bank of Italy); Guiso, Luigi (Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance); Macchiavello, Rocco (University of Warwick); Marchetti, Domenico J. (Bank of Italy); Prem, Mounu (Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance) |
| Abstract: | Infiltration of the legal economy by criminal organizations (OCGs) is potentially significant, though how pervasive remains uncertain. Beyond the volume, the motives driving infiltration are of serious policy concern. We introduce a conceptual framework to differentiate between OCGs' motives for infiltrating legal firms and validate it using new data from the Italian Financial Intelligence Unit. About 2% of Italian firms appear to have links with OCGs, with three primary motives. Firms established by OCGs are predominantly used for criminal activities (functional motive). Medium-sized firms, often infiltrated post-creation, primarily reflect a competitive motive, wherein criminal activities benefit the firm. Lastly, large, well-established firms remain separate from criminal activities and are used for pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns, such as to establish political connections (pure motive). This so far unnoticed motive accounts for a substantial share of OCGs' infiltration. |
| Keywords: | organized crime, legal economy, firms, infiltration |
| JEL: | G3 L2 K4 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16893&r=sbm |
| By: | Ankur Chavda; Joshua S. Gans; Scott Stern |
| Abstract: | How should theory-based entrepreneurs search for strategies to implement their ideas? The theory-based view of strategy posits that decision-makers hold theories about their environment premised on beliefs that should be actively tested. This causal framework, which underlies the theory-based view, also has implications for entrepreneurial search: the process by which entrepreneurs uncover strategies to implement their ideas. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian model where entrepreneurs update their beliefs as they conduct entrepreneurial search. We find several optimal behaviors for theory-based entrepreneurs such as reverting to a previous strategy after finding a relatively poor strategy and continuing to search after finding a relatively good strategy, which are missing when entrepreneurs lack such a theory-based approach. As these predictions align with examples of successful entrepreneurs, our findings both provide a method to empirically identify skilled entrepreneurs and demonstrate the usefulness of applying the theory-based view to entrepreneurial behavior more generally. |
| JEL: | D81 D83 O32 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32318&r=sbm |
| By: | Maria Tsouri; Ron Boschma; ; |
| Abstract: | Studies show that local capabilities contribute to the green transition, yet little attention has been devoted to the role of scientific capabilities. The paper assesses the importance of local scientific capabilities and the inflow of scientific knowledge from elsewhere for the ability of regions in Europe to diversify into photovoltaic (PV) segments during the period 1998 to 2015, employing a combined dataset on patents and scientific publications. We find that local scientific capabilities matter, but not so much the inflow of relevant scientific knowledge from other regions, as proxied by scientific citations of patents in PV segments. Regions are also likely to diversify into a PV segment when they have technological capabilities related to other PV segments. Finally, we found that European regions are less likely to lose an existing PV segment specialization when they have intra-regional and extra-regional scientific capabilities in this PV segment. |
| Keywords: | relatedness, photovoltaic technologies, green diversification, regional diversification, scientific capabilities, related scientific capabilities, inter-regional linkages, Europe |
| JEL: | O25 O38 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2410&r=sbm |
| By: | Alessia Lo Turco (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM)); Alessandro Sterlacchini (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we consider firms involved in two waves (2019 and 2021) of the French ICT survey to distinguish between early and late adopters of AI technologies and to highlight some relevant antecedents that facilitated the former to keep and the latter to start adopting them. The implementation of data security systems, the training and recruitment of employees for ICT, and the use of websites and social media for collecting information on customers, increase the probability of keeping and starting the AI adoption. We also show that the impact of these factors differs according to the business function AI technologies are used for. They appear to be more relevant for the administration and marketing functions. Furthermore, the usage of AI for marketing is also fostered by the antecedent use of e-commerce and CRM applications. These findings support the hypothesis that the AI adoption by firms is shaped by a hierarchical trajectory, from less to more complex and demanding technologies in terms of complementary investments in ICT and skills. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Digital technologies and skills, IT security systems, French firms. |
| JEL: | O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:486&r=sbm |
| By: | Kinne, Jan; Dehghan, Robert; Schmidt, Sebastian; Lenz, David; Hottenrott, Hanna |
| Abstract: | While many digital technologies provide opportunities for creating business models with an impact on sustainability, some technologies, especially blockchain applications, are often criticized for harming the environment, e.g. due to high energy demand. In our study, we present a novel approach to identify sustainability-focused blockchain companies and relate their level of engagement to location factors and entrepreneurial ecosystem embeddedness. For this, we use a large-scale web scraping approach to analyze the textual content and hyperlink networks of all US companies from their websites. Our results show that blockchain remains a niche technology, with its use communicated by about 0.6% of US companies. However, the proportion of sustainable blockchain firms is significantly higher than in the overall firm population. Additionally, we find that blockchain companies with an intensified focus on sustainability have, at least quantitatively, a more intensive embedding in entrepreneurial ecosystems, while infrastructural and socio-economic location factors hardly play a role. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, blockchain, ecosystem, location factors, natural language processing |
| JEL: | Q56 R30 L86 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:290401&r=sbm |
| By: | Adriana Peluffo (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Alvaro Brunini (Uruguay XXI) |
| Abstract: | Exporting plays a central role in economic growth, especially in small economies. In this work we analyze an industrial policy aimed at fostering exports: the Temporary Admission Regime (TA). To this aim we use a panel of Uruguayan firms for the period 2005-2016. We use two evaluation techniques: binary treatment effects on matched firms and continuous treatment effects. These techniques allow controlling for selectivity into the treatment and selection bias. We find positive effects of Temporary Admission on trade performance, and particularly on export performance, while there are no clear effects on the firm’s total factor productivity and employment. |
| Keywords: | industrial policy, temporary admission, export performance, productivity, causal effect |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F16 O24 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-02-24&r=sbm |
| By: | Ryan A. Decker; John Haltiwanger |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have featured a surge in business entry (Decker and Haltiwanger 2024). A natural question is whether the elevated entry seen in recent years will have positive implications for aggregate productivity growth given the historically important role of business entry for productivity dynamics (Decker et al. 2014, Alon et al. 2018). |
| Date: | 2024–04–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfn:2024-04-19-1&r=sbm |
| By: | Mauro Caselli; Edwin Fourrier-Nicolai; Andrea Fracasso; Sergio Scicchitano |
| Abstract: | This study examines the causal influence of digital technologies, specifically operational (ODT) and information digital technologies (IDT), on firms’ employment structure using Italian firm-level data. It employs a unique empirical approach, constructing instrumental variables based on predetermined employment composition and global technological progress, proxied by patents. Findings indicate that IDT investment positively affects employment, favoring a skilled, IT-competent workforce, as supported by firms’ training and recruitment plans. Conversely, ODT investment does not significantly alter total employment but skews the workforce towards temporary contracts. The study contributes methodologically by distinguishing between ODT and IDT and highlighting nuanced employment dynamics within firms. |
| Keywords: | digital technologies, labour demand, training, firms |
| JEL: | D22 J23 J24 M51 M53 O33 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11056&r=sbm |
| By: | Oikawa , Keita (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia); Iwasaki , Fusanori (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia); Sawada, Yasuyuki (University of Tokyo); Shinozaki, Shigehiro (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted businesses, economies, and societies worldwide. This study employs unique data from Indonesia to investigate whether and how digitalization of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) helped them weather the adverse shocks from the pandemic and resulting lockdowns. The main empirical result is that, in the pandemic’s early phases, digitalized MSMEs disproportionately encountered negative effects on their business outcomes. The seemingly harmful elements of digitalization disappeared during later stages. Moreover, COVID-19 restrictions initially had a “positive” impact on the business environment. This is counterintuitive. But when considering the panic buying at the onset of restrictions and large share held by the essential sector in our dataset, particularly the wholesale and retail sectors, the positive impact from the restrictions is not unreasonable. These findings suggest that the digital transformation had not yet been stably established among MSMEs by the start of the pandemic. Our findings provide critical implications for industrial and competition policies related to MSMEs during the COVID-19 recovery process. |
| Keywords: | digitalization; digital financial services; access to finance; SME development; SME policy; Indonesia |
| JEL: | D22 G20 L20 L50 |
| Date: | 2024–05–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0725&r=sbm |
| By: | lunwu Liu; Shi Liu |
| Abstract: | This study adopts the fixed effects panel model and provincial panel data on anticorruption and the innovation efficiency of high-level technology and new technology enterprises in China from 2005 to 2014, to estimate the effects of the anticorruption movement on the innovation efficiency of enterprises at different corruption levels. The empirical results show that anticorruption is positively correlated with the innovation efficiency of enterprises; however, the correlation is differentiated according to different corruption levels and business natures. At a high level of corruption, anticorruption has positive impacts on enterprises' innovation; at a low level of corruption, it negatively affects innovation efficiency. However, anticorruption has negative effects on the innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises at both high and low corruption levels; for nonstate-owned enterprises, its effects are positive at a high corruption level and negative at a low corruption level. The effects remain the same across different regions. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.09553&r=sbm |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In the following article I analyze the determinants of regular internet users in the Italian regions. The data is analyzed both in terms of static analysis and also through the application of the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow method. Subsequently, an econometric model is presented for estimating regular internet users in the Italian regions based on variables that reflect the state of technological innovation and digital culture. The results are analyzed and discussed in light of the implications that digitalisation has for triggering economic growth. |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:86yb7&r=sbm |
| By: | Benjamin Collier; Sabrina T. Howell; Lea Rendell |
| Abstract: | Does emergency credit prevent long-term financial distress? We study the causal effects of government-provided recovery loans to small businesses following natural disasters. The rapid financial injection might enable viable firms to survive and grow or might hobble precarious firms with more risk and interest obligations. We show that the loans reduce exit and bankruptcy, increase employment and revenue, unlock private credit, and reduce delinquency. These effects, especially the crowding-in of private credit, appear to reflect resolving uncertainty about repair. We do not find capital reallocation away from neighboring firms and see some evidence of positive spillovers on local entry. |
| Keywords: | Financing frictions, natural disasters, climate change adaptation, entrepreneurship, government credit |
| JEL: | G21 G32 H81 Q54 R33 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:24-20&r=sbm |
| By: | Kaufmann, Mattheo |
| Abstract: | Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are one of the major ways through which corporate assets change owners. This reallocation mechanism represents an important instrument to ensure the efficient use of assets and the associated post-merger integration process often implies drastic changes not only for employees, customers and suppliers, but also for competitors and the overall industry structure. The potential gains or losses can be material in size for the involved parties, and as such considerable research has been devoted to advance our understanding of transactions. Nevertheless, research gaps remain, for example with respect to the impact of major corporate events such as initial public offerings (IPOs) or security class action lawsuits (SCAs) on M&A transactions as well as regarding the implications of acquisitions for the competitive dynamics within a given industry. This dissertation consists of three distinct studies aiming to contribute to existing research gaps in the field of M&As. The first study examines the role of financial sponsors—i.e., private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC) investors—in the context of the acquisition activity of their portfolio firms once these firms went public. In particular, it focuses on the question whether financial sponsors promote or moderate the acquisition activity of their portfolio company after going public, a research question previously unaddressed. My findings suggest that PE-backed newly public firms engage in almost three times as many acquisitions as VC-backed newly public firms and that they achieve superior long-run post-IPO stock returns when doing so. The second study investigates the impact of corporate innovation on M&As. Specifically, the study seeks to understand the competitive dynamics that are at play when large technology conglomerates acquire innovative assets and the ramifications these acquisitions have for rival firms within the same industry. It shows that innovative acquirers are able to outbid non-innovative acquirers for innovative target firms and that innovative acquirer rivals react to these transactions by increasing both their R&D spending and their likelihood to acquire a technology target firm in the years after the competitor's M&A announcement. The third study explores M&A transactions in the context of security class action lawsuits (SCAs). Particularly, it analyzes to what extent bidders are able to capitalize on acquiring target firms that are subject to ongoing litigation. The study provides evidence that SCAs significantly reduce takeover premiums, but acquirers who purchase SCA-affected targets nevertheless experience significantly more negative announcement returns than acquirers of non-SCA affected ones. In the long-run, however, acquirers of SCA-affected targets are able to recoup some of their losses, particularly if the SCA is later dismissed. |
| Date: | 2024–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:144589&r=sbm |
| By: | ADACHI Daisuke; KAWAGUCHI Daiji; SAITO Yukiko |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of a tax policy on adopting industrial robots and firm performance, notably in terms of employment. Combining the policy variation in the Tax Credit for Promoting Productivity-Enhancing Equipment Investment (TC-PPEI) in Japan and newly collected Japanese firm-level longitudinal data on robot adoption, we find that the firms eligible for the TC-PPEI increased the adoption of robots. Our event-study analysis reveals that when firms adopt robots, they do not decrease the total number of workers but significantly increase employment after 1-3 years of adoption events and sales. Our results suggest that adopting robots can create employment instead of destroying it at the firm level. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24047&r=sbm |
| By: | Pilar Beneito; Maria Garcia-Vega; Oscar Vicente-Chirivella; Guillaume Wilemme |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of industrial robots on the use of labor intermediaries or temporary work agencies (TWAs) and firm productivity. We develop a theoretical framework where new technologies increase the need for quality match workers. TWAs help firms to search for workers who better match their technologies. The model predicts that using robots increases TWA use, which increases robots’ productivity. We test the model implications with panel data of Spanish firms from 1997 to 2016 with information on robot adoption and TWA use. Using staggered difference-in-difference (DiD) estimations, we estimate the causal effects of robot adoption on TWAs. We find robot adopters increase the probability of TWA use compared to non-adopters. We also find that firms that combine robots with TWAs achieve higher productivity than those who adopt robots without TWAs. |
| Keywords: | Robots, job-worker matching, temporary work agencies, firm productivity. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notgep:2024-02&r=sbm |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies, also articulated in the same report. The case study research covered several territories from across the EU and beyond, representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach – features understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This Report provides the findings for Turku and Southwest Finland, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137315&r=sbm |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies, also articulated in the same report. The case study research covered several territories from across the EU and beyond, representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach – features understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This Report provides the findings for Northern Netherlands, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137312&r=sbm |
| By: | Maria Fay; Frederik F. Fl\"other |
| Abstract: | For organizations to survive and flourish in the long term, innovation and novelty must be continually introduced, which is particularly true in today's rapidly changing world. This raises a variety of ethical and sustainability considerations that seldom receive the attention they deserve. Existing innovation adoption frameworks often focus on technological, organizational, environmental, and social factors impacting adoption. In this chapter, we explore the ethical and sustainability angles, particularly as they relate to emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) being a prominent example. We consider how to facilitate the development and cultivation of innovation cultures in organizations, including budding startups as well as established enterprises, through approaches such as systems thinking. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.07678&r=sbm |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies, also articulated in the same report. The case study research covered several territories from across the EU and beyond, representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach – features understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This Report provides the findings for Iceland, as at September 2023, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137291&r=sbm |
| By: | Jason Deegan; Tom Broekel; Silje Haus-Reve; Rune Dahl Fitjar |
| Abstract: | This paper adds a multidimensional perspective to the study of related diversification. We examine how regions diversify into new jobs – defined as unique industry-occupation combinations – asking whether they do so from related industries or related occupations. We use linked employer-employee data for all labour market regions in Norway, covering the time period 2009 –2014. Diversification into new jobs is more likely in the presence of related occupations and industries in a region. Furthermore, occupational and industrial relatedness have complementary effects on diversification. Occupational relatedness and its interaction with industrial relatedness are particularly important for diversification into more complex activities. |
| Keywords: | Regional capabilities, jobs, occupations, relatedness, diversification |
| JEL: | O18 R11 J62 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2409&r=sbm |
| By: | Florian Magnani (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, ECM - École Centrale de Marseille); Ali Siadat (LCFC - Laboratoire de Conception Fabrication Commande - UL - Université de Lorraine - Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); Emmanuel Caillaud (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); Olivier Gaudichau (PSA Peugeot Citroën - PSA - PSA Peugeot Citroën) |
| Abstract: | Purpose Previous research has managed to clearly define lean technical competencies. However, the behavioral competencies remain underestimated, and the roles of lean experts are not clearly stated: are they teachers, facilitators or technical experts? The present paper investigates lean behavioral competencies and their relationship to lean experts' roles. Design/methodology/approach This article serves as an exploratory study built on interviews, observations and focus groups conducted during a three-year longitudinal study accompanied by a three-year follow-up. The case takes place in an international automotive company in partnership with Toyota in which lean adoption was part of a consistent strategy over a period of 20 years. Findings The study clarifies lean behavioral competencies related to organizational efficiency (nominal management, improvement management and respect for people) and relational efficiency (problem resolution, competencies development and systemic interactions). The study helped create a typology of lean experts' roles related to the maturity level of the environment in which they intervened. Moreover, Lean experts' roles in congruence with the environment seem to positively influence the creation of emerging human relationships that are beneficial to process improvement and competencies development. Originality/value This paper is the first to clarify behavioral competencies with respect to lean experts' roles and to study the temporality of the introduction of lean practices. The findings recommend that researchers better acknowledge the influence of lean behavioral competencies during lean adoption and their relationship to contextual factors and organizational performance. A practical methodology is proposed to measure the necessary behavioral adjustments of lean experts or employees. |
| Keywords: | Lean management, Behavioral competencies, Organizational change, Socio-technical systems, Lean experts' role, Qualitative study, Lean Management Behavioral competencies Organizational change Socio-technical systems Lean expert's role Qualitative study, Lean Management, Lean expert's role |
| Date: | 2023–04–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04072161&r=sbm |
| By: | Benjamin L. Collier; Sabrina T. Howell; Lea Rendell |
| Abstract: | Does emergency credit prevent long-term financial distress? We study the causal effects of government-provided recovery loans to small businesses following natural disasters. The rapid financial injection might enable viable firms to survive and grow or might hobble precarious firms with more risk and interest obligations. We show that the loans reduce exit and bankruptcy, increase employment and revenue, unlock private credit, and reduce delinquency. These effects, especially the crowding-in of private credit, appear to reflect resolving uncertainty about repair. We do not find capital reallocation away from neighboring firms and see some evidence of positive spillovers on local entry. |
| JEL: | G21 G32 H81 Q54 R33 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32326&r=sbm |
| By: | Guendalina Anzolin; Chiara Benassi; Armanda Cetrulo |
| Abstract: | A large body of research has investigated the impact of industrial relations on workplace innovation. Econometric research based on U.S. data suggests that unions are detrimental to innovation, while evidence from Europe is more mixed. This points to the importance of "contextualized" theorizing about the effects of industrial relations on firm-level innovation. Such an approach is common in qualitative research but is infrequently seen in quantitative studies. To address this gap, our article investigates the link between industrial relations and innovation at the firm level using establishment-level surveys from Germany (IAB establishment data) and Italy (INAPP-RIL establishment data). Our findings point to significant cross-country differences in how industrial relations institutions, including workplace representation and firm/sectoral agreements, can influence firm-level innovation. This cross-country variation underscores that similar institutions may serve different functions depending on the specificities of the national context. |
| Keywords: | Germany, Italy, collective bargaining, unions, innovation |
| Date: | 2024–04–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2024/12&r=sbm |
| By: | Alshareef, Leena; Dietlmeier, Simon Frederic; Florian, Urmetzer |
| Abstract: | The pharmaceutical industry has experienced a remarkable surge in "coopetition, " wherein rival companies join forces to pursue shared objectives, leading to a dynamic business environment fraught with tensions resulting from the coexistence of strong, contradictory forces of competition and cooperation. Despite its growing importance, research examining coopetition implementation and management, especially considering contextual influences shaping its dynamics, remains limited. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the mechanisms of coopetition implementation and management in the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on the interrelation of different elements of coopetition execution and the contextual environment. Adopting an interpretivist philosophy and a qualitative, exploratory approach, this research engaged with industry insiders to explore how large, global pharmaceutical companies effectively manage dyadic coopetition. Key findings highlight the significance of the formation stage in mitigating tensions throughout the coopetition lifecycle. The operationalization stage emphasizes emotional and analytical capabilities across organizational levels, in addition to the balancing capability manifested through various coopetition management principles identified in the literature: separation, integration, arbitration, and a novel variant of co-management principles, alongside a unique approach - unilateral control, all complemented by supportive organizational adaptations. Moreover, diplomacy and learning capabilities were identified as crucial components of coopetition capabilities. The termination stage brings persisting tensions due to legal pressures and competitive vigilance. The research also brings to light the complex interplay between legal and regulatory institutional pressures and coopetition dualities. The research complements and contributes to coopetition management literature by proposing a multi-level, multi-stage view of tensions. It offers a nuanced understanding of how these tensions are navigated throughout the drug development cycle and highlights the importance of addressing the often-overlooked termination stage of coopetition. Furthermore, it highlights the complex relationship between institutional pressures and dualities. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the nuanced mechanisms employed by large pharmaceutical companies to holistically manage and maintain balanced coopetition. |
| Keywords: | Ecosystem; Health; Coopetition; Orchestration; Control; coopetition, pharmaceutical, management, execution, coopetition capability, regulated industries, legal pressures, coopetition lifecycle. |
| JEL: | A1 A11 D1 F5 N3 Y4 |
| Date: | 2024–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120645&r=sbm |