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on Small Business Management |
| By: | Tomasz (Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk; Institute for Development); Anna Golejewska (Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk) |
| Abstract: | Poland’s innovation performance is unsatisfactory. In the context of the required shift of the present mostly-extensive growth paradigm to more knowledge and innovation-intensive one has to take into account the regional variation in innovative and economic activity in this middle-sized open economy in order to fine-tune its regional development and innovation policies. Using the firm-level data for manufacturing sector aggregated to NUTS3 regions as well as firm-level data from a unique qualitative survey carried out by the Institute for Development we try to identify the determinants of variation in innovative activity of firms within Poland in order to account for regional differences in particular between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions. The analysis at aggregated NUTS3 level does not bring satisfactory results. The difference between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions is statistically insignificant and the overall results are mixed. In the second step, we apply more sophisticated econometric methods controlling for firm-specific, sector-specific and region-specific features as suggested in the literature of the subject identifying the positive effect of location within metropolitan regions on the innovative performance of companies. Furthermore, the results point to the significance of firm-specific, internal, as well as region-specific – factors external to a firm, nonetheless, supporting the notion of regional innovation systems in which firms are embedded. |
| Keywords: | innovation, regional innovation system, regional economic performance, firm-level, logit model, Poisson model, negative binomial model |
| JEL: | O30 R11 R12 R58 C21 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gda:wpaper:1701&r=sbm |
| By: | Vladimir Balaz (Slovak Academy of Sciences); Karol Frank (Slovak Academy of Sciences); Jana Zifciakova (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, European Semester analysis, Slovakia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105850&r=sbm |
| By: | Agne Paliokaite (Visionary Analytics); Elena González Verdesoto (European Commission/DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, European Semester analysis, Lithuania |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105889&r=sbm |
| By: | Krzysztof Klincewicz (University of Warsaw); Katarzyna Szkuta (European Commission - DG JRC); Magdalena Marczewska (University of Warsaw) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, European Semester analysis, Poland |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105843&r=sbm |
| By: | Trofimov, Ivan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the current state of entrepreneurship theory in the public domain and proposes a theoretical framework applying the concepts of entrepreneurship developed by I. M. Kirzner and J. A. Schumpeter in the field of economics to the field of public policy. A distinction is made between political and policy entrepreneurship. Three generic policy entrepreneurship functions (policy leadership, innovation and coordination) which are performed by specific means by a variety of actors scattered across the policy system, are identified. It is shown that these entrepreneurial functions can provide a complete explanation of adjustments taking place during policy regime formation (including agenda setting and policy negotiation). It is postulated that during this process (denoted as policy equilibration), the complementarity of entrepreneurship functions is essential. The paper also considers possible exercise of policy entrepreneurship functions in the trade policy domain and examines what actors can act as entrepreneurs. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; trade policy; agenda setting |
| JEL: | D78 F13 L26 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:79497&r=sbm |
| By: | Antonis Theocharous (Cyprus Institute of Technology); Robert Gampfer (European Commission - DG JRC); Nicolas Robledo Böttcher (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, European Semester analysis, Cyprus |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105876&r=sbm |
| By: | Johannes Sauer (Technical University of Munich) |
| Abstract: | This report investigates the link between farm innovation and economic performance. The study uses a unique survey dataset maintained by Wageningen Economic Research in the Netherlands. A structural multi-stage model of firm-level innovation is applied. The model contains four steps: first, the decision of the farmer to innovate at all; second the innovation intensity, measured by expenditures on innovation activities; third the output of the innovation process, which is measured by realized product, process, organisational or marketing-related innovation; fourth, productivity changes as a result of innovation. The analysis is performed for two types of farms – dairy and crop farms – and covers the period from 2004 to 2014. A number of factors are found to be decisive for the magnitude and success of farm innovations in the Netherlands. Among them regulations and standards, the level of co-operation with knowledge producing institutions, own product and process-related development activities, farm size, the age of the farm operator as well as confidence in business and sector developments. Based on these and other results, the report derives implications for policies aimed at promoting farm innovation and productivity and sustainability in the agricultural sector. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, Dutch farms, Innovation, productivity |
| JEL: | O31 Q12 Q16 |
| Date: | 2017–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:102-en&r=sbm |
| By: | Todorova Angelina (CASTRA Bulgaria); Slavcheva Milena (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | research and innovation, Bulgaria, innovation system |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105925&r=sbm |
| By: | Tibor Dory (Széchenyi Istvan University, Gyor); Laszlo Csonka (IKU Innovation Research Centre, Budapest); Milena Slavcheva (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | research and innovation, Hungary, innovation system |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105927&r=sbm |
| By: | Vassiliki Koutsogeorgopoulou (OECD); Taejin Park |
| Abstract: | R&D activity can play a central role in raising productivity. Australia compares well in terms of research excellence. However, there is scope for better translation of publicly funded research into commercial outcomes. Strengthening incentives for collaborative research is essential. A simpler funding system for university research that provides sharper and more transparent incentives for research partnerships is important in this regard. Research-business linkages would also be boosted by more effective programmes encouraging business to collaborate, measures promoting greater mobility of researchers between the two sectors, and steps to ensure that intellectual property arrangements are not a barrier to knowledge. In Australia financial support for encouraging business innovation relies mostly on an R&D tax incentive; raising additionality and reducing compliance costs would enhance the effectiveness of the scheme. Maximising the benefits from public investment in research further hinges upon a well-coordinated science, research and innovation system through a “whole-of-government” approach and consolidating certain programmes. Reform initiatives underway, notably those in the National Innovation and Science Agenda, are welcome. |
| Keywords: | co-ordination, collaboration, commercialisation, evaluation, funding |
| JEL: | I23 O30 O38 |
| Date: | 2017–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1391-en&r=sbm |
| By: | Nadia Albis (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI) and Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología.); Isabel Álvarez (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of heterogeneous foreign subsidiaries in the generation of knowledge spillovers beneficial for domestic owned firms. The empirical analysis uses firm-level panel data for manufacturing firms in Colombia for the period 2003-2012. We identify two different types of subsidiaries according to their technological responsibilities and mandates, to empirically test the existence of differential effects on domestic firms’ productivity. Our results confirm that only those subsidiaries oriented to creative technological activities exert significant and positive effects, while those subsidiaries oriented to exploitative technological activities do not generate knowledge spillover effects. These findings contribute to arguments in the existing literature supporting the distinctive role and relevance of heterogeneous foreign subsidiaries in developing host contexts. |
| Keywords: | Technological spillovers; Multinational; Subsidiaries; Firms; Heterogeneity. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:wpaper:1704&r=sbm |
| By: | Anindo Sarker; Bulent Unel |
| Abstract: | We use state-level bank branch deregulations to study the impact of changes in credit on entrepreneurship at the individual-owner level. We classify self-employed individuals into incorporated and unincorporated business owners. Exploiting the variation in the staggered timing of banking deregulations, we find that branching reforms affected the entry and exit rates of the incorporated self-employed. Further, the branching reforms encouraged unincorporated businesses to incorporate. Finally, the effects of reforms are different across groups based on gender, race, and age. We find stronger effects on incorporated business creation among minorities, and higher exit rates among the young and minorities. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lsu:lsuwpp:2017-06&r=sbm |
| By: | Philip Hemmings (OECD); Taejin Park |
| Abstract: | Innovation is key to boosting Australia’s productivity and inclusiveness. This paper examines the policies that create good conditions for innovation, not only in science and technology but also wider forms, such as business-model innovation. Competition and flexible markets are particularly important in the Australian context. Also there is room to improve the environment for firm entry and exit, and intellectual property arrangements. However, the returns to public spending on Australia’s numerous innovation-related SME support schemes are uncertain. Federal and state governments are taking a positive approach to the new wave of “disruptive” service-sector innovations, such as those underway in personal transport, accommodation, legal and financial services. Harnessing the full benefits of today's innovation requires household and business have access to high-speed ICT; and there is room for improvement on this front in Australia. In education, Australia’s STEM-oriented strategy could be strengthened. Innovation in public-services should receive considerable attention as this can raise aggregate productivity and improve living standards. |
| Keywords: | competition, firm dynamics, ICT, intellectual property, public sector, SME |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O33 O34 O38 O56 |
| Date: | 2017–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1390-en&r=sbm |
| By: | Mette Præst Knudsen (University of Southern Denmark); Jesper Lindgaard Christensen (Aalborg University); Christensen, Peder (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, Innovation Union, Semester analysis, Denmark |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc106034&r=sbm |
| By: | Wolfgang Sofka (Copenhagen Business School, Denmark); Sprutacz Maren (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Belgium |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105845&r=sbm |
| By: | Kimmo Halme (4FRONT OY); Veli-Pekka Saarnivaara (VPSolutio); Jessica Mitchell (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, Innovation Union, Semester analysis, |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105853&r=sbm |
| By: | Brian Warrington (Independent Expert); Hristo Hristov (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Malta |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105847&r=sbm |
| By: | Schuch Klaus (Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI)); Gampfer Robert (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, Innovation Union, Semester analysis, Austria |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105844&r=sbm |
| By: | Gundars Kulikovskis (FIDEA (Financial and Management Consulting Company)); Diana Petraityte (FIDEA (Financial and Management Consulting Company)); Stamenov Blagoy (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Latvia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105892&r=sbm |
| By: | Vitor Corado Simoes (Economics and Management Institute, Technical University of Lisbon (CISEP/ISEG)); Manuel Mira Godinho (Economics and Management Institute, Technical University of Lisbon (CISEP/ISEG)); Miguel Sanchez Martinez (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, European Semester analysis, Portugal |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105862&r=sbm |
| By: | Axel Demenet; Hoang-Anh Ho; Sarah Morcillo |
| Abstract: | This paper adds to the recent literature on firm-level corruption by relying on rich data including detailed information on the purpose and amounts of bribe payments among Vietnamese micro, small, and medium firms. Using industry-location averages to instrument for firm-level bribe payments in both a cross-sectional and a panel setting, we provide evidence of a large and significant positive association between corruption and firm performance. We further show that the type of bribe payment does matter: only the payments that can arguably be considered ‘voluntary’ (rather than extortive) drive this association. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2017-123&r=sbm |
| By: | Kattel Rainer (Tallinn University of Technology); Stamenov Blagoy (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Estonia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105895&r=sbm |
| By: | Tom Martin (Tom Martin & Associates); Peter Fako (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies with the aim of monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Ireland |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105882&r=sbm |
| By: | Thangamani Gurunathan (Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode) |
| Abstract: | Product Innovation is a key aspect of any company and central to the New Product Development (NPD) process. Companies must take risks to launch innovative new products speedily and successfully for its survival and sustainability. Despite meticulous efforts by companies to bring innovations, most of them are failing in the market place and hence the ability to diagnose and manage risk is a very important activity in high risk innovations. This paper presents a new Product Innovation and Development (PID) process and a quantitative methodology for risk assessment. FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) and Markov process analysis are combined and presented as the risk assessment method. This methodology also investigates the overall Product innovation and Development process and explores various risks, categorize them according to their sources, assess those risks and explores various risk mitigation techniques. The methodology is demonstrated using a case study on a new innovative home appliance project. |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iik:wpaper:242&r=sbm |
| By: | Audretsch, David B.; Dohse, Dirk; dos Santos, João Pereira |
| Abstract: | The paper studies the impact of a switch from free to charged highway provision on firm numbers and private sector employment in a cross-section of Portuguese municipalities. It exploits the fact that highway tolls in Portugal were unexpectedly raised in reaction to the financial crisis to establish causality. Results from a difference-in-differences analysis indicate a significantly negative effect of highway tolls on number of firms and employment in treated municipalities vis-à-vis the control group. We also find negative effects of tolls in municipalities not directly traversed by the treated highways, with larger firms and manufacturing firms being most strongly affected. |
| Keywords: | infrastructure provision,regional economic development,quasi-natural experiment |
| JEL: | R48 L25 R12 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2080&r=sbm |
| By: | Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra (Banco de la República de Colombia); Javier Ávila Mahecha (Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales); Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero (Banco de la República de Colombia) |
| Abstract: | The paper assesses the role of taxes on investment in Colombian firms. The analysis is carried out at the firm level for the period 2003-2014. During this period, the national government set five different tax reforms, including changes in the statutory tax rates, tax credits and incentives for corporate investment. The effect of corporate taxation on investment is estimated by first determining the impact of taxation on the cost of capital by computing the effective marginal tax rates (EMTRs) at firm level. Then, we estimate the impact of the cost of capital on investment through a panel data regression. Endogeneity is controlled by an instrumental variable approach, simulating post-reform effective marginal tax rates under pre-reform firm characteristics. Results are robust with different control variables, although some significant differences by size and economic sector of the firm are found. Classification JEL: H32, H25, C23, D22 |
| Keywords: | Corporate taxes, Marginal effective tax rate, Investment, cash flows |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1001&r=sbm |
| By: | Jos van den Broek (Rathenau Institute); Jasper Deuten (Rathenau Institute); Koen Jonkers (European Commission - DG JRC) |
| Abstract: | The 2016 series of the RIO Country Report analyses and assesses the development and performance of the national research and innovation system of the EU-28 Member States and related policies. It aims at monitoring and evaluating the EU policy implementation as well as facilitating policy learning in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | The Netherlands, Research, Innovation, Policy analysis |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc105872&r=sbm |
| By: | Elena Pelinescu (Institute of Economic Forecasting); Marioara Iordan (Institute of Economic Forecasting); Nona Chilian (Institute of Economic Forecasting); Mihaela Simionescu (Institute of Economic Forecasting) |
| Abstract: | The paper approaches the issue of regional competitiveness in Romania, focusing on simple tools for analysis, namely the shift-share analysis (introduced by Dunn in 1960) and specific competitiveness indicators: RCA, RCA1 and RCA2. As documented in the literature, the level of such indicators and the changes that occur in their levels are key factors for an analysis of economic and social performance at regional and sub-regional levels (D’Elia, 2005; Chilian, 2012; Iordan et al., 2014; Pelinescu et.al.., 2015). The classical form of shift-share analysis chosen by the authors envisages to “divide†the dynamics of a certain growth factor in a certain region into three components: national, sectoral and regional. Given such issues, by using the sectoral shift-share analysis of exports completed by the indices-based competitiveness analysis in the paper will be identified the regions of Romania which reveal dynamics of their economic structures conducing to high levels of external competitiveness (and, thus, to a higher degree of integration into the European Single Market), and to sustainable specializations, adequate to the requirements of building a modern economy, with high flexibility and high technological level. |
| Keywords: | regional competitiveness, Romanian regions and counties, comparative advantage / disadvantage indices, shift-share analysis |
| JEL: | F14 R12 R15 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:wpaper:13&r=sbm |