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on Small Business Management |
| By: | LENGYEL, BALÁZS; LEYDESDORFF, LOET |
| Abstract: | In this study, we show how internationalization and foreign-owned firms influence synergies in the regional innovation systems of Hungary. We first distinguish three innovation system functions (knowledge exploitation, knowledge exploration, and organizational control) operating in regions and study their interactions using entropy statistics. The functions and their interactions are measured by analysing the distribution of firms in terms of geographical location, organizational size (number of employees), technologies (NACE codes of the OECD), and ownership (foreign versus domestic share in registered stock) in the 2005. Synergy is defined as mutual information among the three dimensions; a fourth dimension is added in order to bring internationalization (FDI) into the model. The factor is relevant since the four-dimensional model explains the GDP contributions to regional development in Hungary, whereas the three-dimensional model does not. We find that regional innovation systems in Hungary are self-organized differently, in relation to a relatively small number of foreign firms. These firms have a large positive effect on synergy in regions between the Hungarian capital and the Austrian border. However, FDI has negative effects on domestic synergy in the lagging eastern and southern provinces of the country. |
| Keywords: | regional innovation systems, innovation system function, synergy, entropy, foreign firms |
| JEL: | B52 O18 P25 R12 |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73945&r=sbm |
| By: | Ammar Samout (University of Sfax, Tunisia); Sami Boudabous (University of Sfax, Tunisia) |
| Abstract: | The studies on the innovative behavior of the owner-manager in the context of Tunisia have not been the subject of a great interest in our environment. We are interested in the influence of human capital on the success of small and medium sized Tunisian businesses through the mediation of the innovative behavior of the owner-manager. To answer the above question, of descriptive analysis and econometric techniques have been conducted on a sample of 275 owners-leader of different sectors of the economy. This study has helped to identify the impact of human capital, represented by the behavioral factors, the socio-demographic factors and psychological factors, on the success of small and medium-sized enterprises and to see, in effect, that our results are consistent with those of the theory. It is clear from the results of this research that the motivation, the experience and culture of the owner-leader have an indirect effect on the success of SMES, while the effect of the level of training has been completely disappeared once the variable innovative behavior of the owner-manager is introduced. |
| Keywords: | officer,HRM policies,small business,personality |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01359759&r=sbm |
| By: | Bird, Miriam (Center for Family Business, University of St. Gallen); Wennberg, Karl (Stockholm School of Economics, Institute of Analytical Sociology (IAS) and the Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | We integrate insights from the social embeddedness perspective with research on immigrant entrepreneurship to theorize on how family resources influence exit from entrepreneurship among previously unemployed immigrant entrepreneurs. Results from a cohort study of immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden reveal that family resources are important for immigrants to integrate economically into a country. We find that having family members in geographical proximity increases immigrant entrepreneurs’ likelihood of remaining in entrepreneurship. Further, family financial capital enhances immigrant entrepreneurs’ likelihood of remaining in entrepreneurship as well as their likelihood of exiting to paid employment. Although often neglected in immigrant entrepreneurship studies, resources accruing from spousal relationships with natives influence entrepreneurs’ exit behavior. We discuss contributions for research on entrepreneurial exit, entrepreneurs’ social embeddedness, and immigrant entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | Immigrant entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial exit; family resources; social embeddedness; relational embeddedness |
| JEL: | J60 L26 |
| Date: | 2016–09–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0274&r=sbm |
| By: | Mennens, Kars (Marketing and Supply Chain Management); van Gils, Anita (Organisation and Strategy); Odekerken - Schröder, Gaby (Marketing and Supply Chain Management); Letterie, Wilko (Organisation and Strategy) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we discuss factors that enable SMEs to achieve service innovation excellence. Using a knowledge based-perspective, we posit that absorptive capacity, which is the ability to identify, assimilate and exploit external knowledge, is one of these critical factors. Additionally, we investigate the effect of two potential drivers that can influence absorptive capacity, namely employee collaboration and an SME’s search breadth. |
| Keywords: | strategy , business administration and economics |
| JEL: | O31 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umagsb:2016025&r=sbm |
| By: | Antoine Kornprobst (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Innovation in the economy is an important engine of growth and no economy, whatever its complexity and degree of advancement, whether it is based on industry, agriculture, high tech or the providing of services, can be truly healthy without innovating actors within it. The aim of this work, done by an applied mathematician working in finance, not by an economist or a lawyer, isn't to provide an exhaustive view of the all the mechanisms in France and in Europe that aim at fostering innovation in the economy and to offer solutions for removing all the roadblocks that still hinder innovation; indeed such a study would go far beyond the scope of this study. What I modestly attempted to achieve in this study was firstly to draw a panorama of what is working and what needs to perfected as far as innovation is concerned in France and Europe, then secondly to offer some solutions and personal thoughts to boost innovation. |
| Keywords: | Law and Economics,Financial Markets,Financial institutions,Innovation,Start-up Creation |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01277849&r=sbm |
| By: | Davide Castellani (Henley Business School, University of Reading); Mariacristina Piva; Torben Schubert; Marco Vivarelli |
| Abstract: | Using data on the US and EU top R&D spenders from 2004 until 2012, this paper investigates the sources of the US/EU productivity gap. We find robust evidence that US firms have a higher capacity to translate R&D into productivity gains (especially in the high-tech industries), and this contributes to explaining the higher productivity of US firms. Conversely, EU firms are more likely to achieve productivity gains through capital-embodied technological change at least in medium and low-tech sectors. Our results also show that the US/EU productivity gap has worsened during the crisis period, as the EU companies have been more affected by the economic crisis in their capacity to translate R&D investments into productivity. Based on these findings, we make a case for a learning-based and selective R&D funding, which – instead of purely aiming at stimulating higher R&D expenditures – works on improving the firms’ capabilities to transform R&D into productivity gains. |
| Keywords: | R&D, productivity, economic crisis, US, EU |
| JEL: | O33 O51 O52 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rdg:jhdxdp:jhd-dp2016-03&r=sbm |
| By: | Tatiane Guimarães (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12, ESIEE PARIS - Université Paris-Est, PUC Minas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais); Luciana Castro-Gonçalves (ESIEE PARIS - Université Paris-Est, IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12); Glaucia Vasconcellos Vale (PUC Minas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais) |
| Abstract: | Dans cet article, nous étudions comment les startups innovantes gèrent des logiques paradoxales liées à la coopétition au sein d'une communauté de pratique inter organisationnelle. La littérature sur les communautés de pratique permet de les considérer comme un potentiel espace de coopération pour le développement d'innovations, surtout pour des structures comme startups qui souffrent du manque de ressources. Les impératifs liés à la concurrence, pourtant très importants au niveau de cette population, ne sont cependant pas abordés. L'analyse de la communauté d'entrepreneurs San Pedro Valley au Brésil, souligne l'importance de considérer cette dimension pour évaluer les réels effets des dynamiques de coopétition dans un espace communautaire et sur le processus d'innovation à l'échelle d'une ville. |
| Keywords: | community of practice,communauté de pratique,coopétition,startup |
| Date: | 2015–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01346322&r=sbm |
| By: | Schlepphorst, Susanne; Schlömer-Laufen, Nadine; Holz, Michael |
| Abstract: | Our explorative study analyses the factors that affect the likelihood of German companies to be a hidden champion. Based on an econometric estimation model with quantitative data from 60 hidden champions and 346 non-hidden champions, we could confirm prior research findings that specific enterprise characteristics such as research and development, international business activities and the great ambition to maximise market shares have significant positive effects on the likelihood to belong to the group of hidden champions. Companies of the service and distribution industries have lower chances to be a hidden champion compared to manufacturing enterprises. Drawing on the empirical finding that hidden champions do not place great value on the use of public promotional funds, governments are advised to apply other support measures in order to foster the development of hidden champions. The startingpoint should be the improvement of framework conditions. |
| Abstract: | Die vorliegende explorative Studie analysiert die Determinanten, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit deutscher Unternehmen beeinflussen, ein Hidden Champion zu sein. Anhand eines Datensatzes bestehend aus 60 Hidden Champions und 346 Nicht-Hidden Champions können wir mittels ökonometrischer Schätzungen bestehende Untersuchungergebnisse bestätigen: Unternehmen, die FuE betreiben, die international ausgerichtet sind und die bestrebt sind, ihre Marktanteile zu maximieren, gehören mit einer signifikant höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Gruppe der Hidden Champions. Im Vergleich zu Unternehmen des Produzierenden Gewerbes zählen Unternehmen des Dienstleistungsbereichs und der Distribution mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit zu den Hidden Champions. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen darüber hinaus, dass Hidden Champions der finanziellen Unterstützung aus öffentlichen Förderprogrammen keine hohe Bedeutung beimessen. Ein Ansatzpunkt vonseiten der Wirtschaftspolitik, die Entwicklung von Hidden Champions zu fördern, ist die Verbesserung der bestehenden Rahmenbedingungen. |
| Keywords: | hidden champions,internationalisation,Germany |
| JEL: | L21 L25 L26 L52 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifmwps:0316&r=sbm |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Walid Hadhri (UAQUAP - Unité de Recherche en Analyses Quantitatives Appliquées à la l'Economie et à la Gestion - ISG - Institut Supérieur de Gestion de Tunis [Tunis] - Université de Tunis [Tunis]); Téja Meharzi (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at developing a theoretical framework that explains the decision of cloud computing (CC) adoption in Emergent Countries. It emphasizes the specific role of the technological absorptive capacity especially when the firm is seeking innovation by adopting CC. The absorptive capacity considered in this work is close to the work of Todorova and Durisin (2007) who proposed a framework linking both the contributions of Cohen and Levinthal (1989) and Zahra and Georges (2002).To test our theoretical claims, we estimated two models predicting the probability of adopting CC and adopting CC for innovative aims with (1) competitive pressure and external environment, (2) Technology perceived impacts, and (3) technological absorptive capacity of the firm. We use control variables such as size, sector of activity and seniority in order to control the general purposes of our claims. We use a bivariate probit model in order to understand the determinants of the decision of adoption and an ordered probit with sample selection in order to understand the determinant of adoption of CC for innovative aims. Based on a face-to-face questionnaire administered to a random sample of 350 Tunisian firms, and using a Heckman selection method. Our empirical findings confirm our theoretical claims and show that technology perception is key factor for CC adoption (for general purposes) and that the absorptive capacity is fundamental when the adoption of CC is for innovation goals.We found also that competition pressureis an important explanatory factor:the more competitors that adopt this technology, the more likely the firm adopt it. |
| Keywords: | Technology Adoption,IPRs,ProbitModel,Absorptive Capacity,Tunisia,Innovation,Heckman selection method,Cloud Computing,Information and Communication Technologies |
| Date: | 2015–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01302772&r=sbm |