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on Regulation |
| By: | Reinhilde Veugelers |
| Abstract: | Highlights The European Union has prioritised the pursuit of innovation based growth and targeting of resources to promote research and development, but performance on innovation remains weak. With the lack of results comes fatigue, waning interest and mounting criticism about policy. Should the EU abandon its ambition to become the most innovative region in the world? We examine EU member state research and innovation policies. We assess whether the deployment of innovation policy instruments in EU countries matches their innovation capacity performance relative to other EU countries. We find a relative homogeneity of policy mixes in EU countries, despite the fairly wide and stable differences in their innovation capacities. Our analysis therefore provides a rationale for a more comprehensive review of innovation policy mixes to assess their adequacy in addressing country specific innovation challenges. |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:wpaper:11543&r=reg |
| By: | Katrin Rehdanz (Kiel Institute for the World Economy); Carsten Schroder (German Institute for Economic Research(DIW Berlin)/ SOEP); Daiju Narita (JICA Research Institute); Toshihiro Okubo (Faculty of Economics, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | Using representative household survey data from Japan after the Fukushima accident, we estimate peoples' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for renewable, nuclear, and fossil fuels in electricity generation. We rely on random parameter econometric techniques to capture various degrees of heterogeneity between the respondents, and use detailed regional information to assess how WTP varies with the distance to both the nearest nuclear power plant and to Fukushima. Compared to fossil fuels, we find a positive WTP for renewable and a negative WTP for nuclear fuels. These effects, in absolute terms, increase with the proximity to Fukushima. |
| Keywords: | electricity mix, willingness-to-pay, preference heterogeneity, renewables, spatial heterogeneity, Fukushima, nuclear power |
| JEL: | D12 Q40 Q42 |
| Date: | 2015–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2015-013&r=reg |
| By: | Adnane Kendel (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nathalie Lazaric (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article studies Business Models (BM) for Smart Meters (SM) and discusses related issues in the French institutional context. Because SM introduce deregulation on both the demand and supply sides, we argue that they represent an opportunity to 'unlock' the system by enabling feedback to consumers. We discuss the empirical findings from the TICELEC (Technologies de l'Information pour une Consommation Electrique responsable-Information Technology for Sustainable Electricity Consumption Behaviors) project which is an experimental initiative to measure potential energy savings through the implementation of SM, and to test behavioral change. We suggest that the opportunities provided by SM have to be compared with other kinds of intervention such as self-monitoring procedures. Our results show that any intervention is important for moderating the sole impact of SM. Our findings on the importance of changes to " energy habits " relate mainly to " curtailment " and " low efficiency " behaviors, which represent less costly changes. The lessons learned for BM developments linked to SM include incentive systems, smart tariffs, and technologies to increase potential behavior changes and energy savings in this field. Acknowledgements: |
| Keywords: | Business models,Feedback,behavior consumer,habits,residential consumption |
| Date: | 2015–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01246427&r=reg |
| By: | Pär Holmberg and Frank Wolak |
| Abstract: | We analyse how the market design influences the bidding behaviour in multi-unit auctions, such as wholesale electricity markets. It is shown that competition improves for increased market transparency and we identify circumstances where the auctioneer prefers uniform to discriminatory pricing. We note that political risks could significantly worsen competition in hydro-dominated markets. It would be beneficial for such markets to have clearly defined contingency plans for extreme market situations. |
| Keywords: | cost uncertainty, asymmetric information, uniform-price auction, discriminatory pricing, Bertrand game, market transparency, wholesale electricity market, treasury auction, Bayesian Nash equilibria |
| JEL: | C72 D43 D44 L13 L94 |
| Date: | 2015–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1541&r=reg |
| By: | Ismir Mulalic (Technical University Denmark, Denmark); Ninette Pilegaard (Technical University Denmark, Denmark); Jan Rouwendal (VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands) |
| Abstract: | Car ownership is lower in urban areas, which is probably related to the availability of better public transport. Better public transport thus may offer the possibility to relieve the many problems (congestion, health, and parking) associated with the presence of cars in urban areas. To investigate this issue, we develop and estimate a model for the simultaneous choice of a residential area and car ownership. The model is estimated on Danish register data for single-earner and dual-earners households in the greater Copenhagen metropolitan area. We pay special attention to accessibility of the metro network which offers particularly high quality public transport. Simulations based on the estimated model show that for the greater Copenhagen area a planned extension of the metro network decreases car ownership by 2-3%. Our results suggest also a substantial increase in t he interest for living in areas close to the metro network, that affects the demographic composition of neighbourhoods. |
| Keywords: | car ownership; public transport; residential sorting |
| JEL: | R4 R1 D1 |
| Date: | 2015–12–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20150139&r=reg |
| By: | G. Garau; G. Mandras |
| Abstract: | The International Energy Agency (IEA, 2009) suggests the importance of efficiency improvement to reduce energy use and, within the European Union, one of the targets for member states is to reduce energy consumption by 20% through increased energy efficiency (European Commission, 2009). Energy efficiency improvement has the unquestionable benefits to reduce the price of energy services. However, it is still under debate the extent to which, improvement in the productivity of energy, is effective in terms of reducing the consumption of energy and thus the associated negative externalities (e.g., carbon dioxide emissions, CO2). Thus, policy makers are particularly interested to determine the size of the energy rebound effect. In this paper, we attempt to quantify the magnitude of the general equilibrium rebound effects from an increase in energy efficiency in the industrial use of energy in Italy. To this end, we use a large-scale numerical dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated using the Italian Social Accounting Matrix for the year 2010. |
| Keywords: | rebound effect, energy efficiency, CGE model |
| JEL: | C68 D57 D58 Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:201520&r=reg |
| By: | Gavazza, Alessandro; Nardotto, Mattia; Valletti, Tommaso |
| Abstract: | We empirically study the effects of broadband internet diffusion on local election outcomes and on local government policies using rich data from the U.K. Our analysis suggests that the internet has displaced other media with greater news content (i.e., radio and newspapers), thereby decreasing voter turnout, most notably among less-educated and younger individuals. In turn, local government expenditures (and taxes) are lower in areas with greater broadband diffusion, particularly expenditures targeted at less-educated voters. Our findings corroborate the idea that voters' information plays a key role in determining electoral participation, government policies and government size. |
| Keywords: | media; voting |
| JEL: | D72 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10991&r=reg |
| By: | Szulecki, Kacper; Ancygier, Andrzej; Neuhoff, Karsten |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:125457&r=reg |