|
on Regulation |
| By: | Edmond Baranes (LAMETA and Labex Entreprendre, University of Montpellier 1 ); Julien Jacqmin (LAMETA, University of Montpellier 1 ); Jean-Christophe Poudou (LAMETA, University of Montpellier 1 ) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the links between non-renewable and intermittent renewable energy sources in the production of electricity. We argue that the relationship between the price of natural gas and investments in solar and wind capacity is represented by a bell-shaped curve, as opposed to being linear. Hence, for relatively low natural gas prices, the two modes of production are substitutes. After a price threshold is reached, the two are complementary. A theoretical model explains this as the trade-off resulting from two forces: the input price differential of these two modes of production and the risks related to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy. Using U.S. state-level data from 1998 to 2012, we find that this relationship is robust to various empirical specifications. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy production, natural gas, factor complementarity, electricity production. |
| JEL: | D22 D24 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2015.02&r=reg |
| By: | Sahbi Farhani |
| Abstract: | This paper uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions for a group of 12 MENA countries covering the annual period 1975-2008. The Granger-causality results indicate that there is no causal relationship between these variables in short run except a unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to CO2 emissions. However, we find unidirectional causality running from economic growth and CO2 emissions to renewable energy consumption in long run. With panel FMOLS and DOLS estimates, we find that only CO2 emissions have an impact on renewable energy consumption. These results indicate that MENA countries don’t find the best policy which can control the regulation of the renewable energy prices, which can help to take into account the stability in the economic growth structure, and which can also mitigate pollutant emissions. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy consumption, Economic growth, CO2 emissions, MENA countries |
| JEL: | C33 Q43 |
| Date: | 2015–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2015-612&r=reg |
| By: | Gribkovskaia, Victoria (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics ) |
| Abstract: | The Nordic electricity market experienced extremely high prices during the winter 2009/2010. Using real data from the peak price hours the zonal solution from the Nordic market is replicated and compared to the nodal price solution when the central grid and its physical characteristics are explicitly modelled. Demand elasticity is introduced to the bid curves and its effect on prices and network utilisation is studied for the nodal solution. The sensitivity of the zonal solution to the changes in aggregate transfer capacities is investigated. The results demonstrate that better system utilisation is possible without capacity expansion. Nodal pricing solutions compared to the actual zonal pricing mechanism give insights into how the system functions in strained capacity situations and what hinders a more efficient system utilisation. |
| Keywords: | Nordic power market; effects of pricing; demand elasticity; transmission capacities; nodal pricing; zonal pricing |
| JEL: | Q00 |
| Date: | 2015–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2015_009&r=reg |
| By: | Wei, Chu ; Löschel, Andreas ; Liu, Bing |
| Abstract: | In the context of soaring demand for electricity, mitigating and controlling greenhouse gas emissions is a great challenge for China's power sector. Increasing attention has been placed on the evaluation of energy efficiency and CO2 abatement potential in the power sector. However, studies at the micro-level are relatively rare due to serious data limitations. This study uses the 2004 and 2008 Census data of Zhejiang province to construct a non-parametric frontier in order to assess the abatement space of energy and associated CO2 emission from China's coal-fired power enterprises. A Weighted Russell Directional Distance Function (WRDDF) is applied to construct an energy-saving potential index and a CO2 emission-abatement potential index. Both indicators depict the inefficiency level in terms of energy utilization and CO2 emissions of electric power plants. Our results show a substantial variation of energy-saving potential and CO2 abatement potential among enterprises. We find that large power enterprises are less efficient in 2004, but become more efficient than smaller enterprises in 2008. State-owned enterprises (SOE) are not significantly different in 2008 from 2004, but perform better than their non-SOE counterparts in 2008. This change in performance for large enterprises and SOE might be driven by the "top-1000 Enterprise Energy Conservation Action" that was implemented in 2006. |
| Keywords: | Energy-saving potential,CO2 abatement potential,Weighted Russell Directional Distance Function,Coal-fired power enterprise |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cawmdp:78&r=reg |
| By: | Olga Syraya (Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW) ) |
| Abstract: | This paper describes and analyzes the most recent international trends in the development of mobile communications. The first part deals with the key sectors of the mobile communications market: mobile network, handsets and smartphone operating systems. We focus on the current deployment of Long Term Evolution networks and present the main factors of their worldwide success and their advantages over previous mobile technologies. Furthermore, special attention is given to the historical development of the mobile communications sectoral system of innovation, which contributes to a better understanding of the success of 2G (GSM) and challenges faced by 3G (UMTS) technologies. Finally, we analyze the international diffusion of mobile communications from the lead market perspective, suggest new promising directions of research and outline policy measures for the promotion of mobile communications. |
| Keywords: | Regulation, Telecommunication, EU, Innovation, Convergence |
| JEL: | L43 L96 N14 O31 |
| Date: | 2014–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:eiiwdp:disbei200&r=reg |
| By: | Ivan Haščič ; Miguel Cárdenas Rodríguez ; Raphaël Jachnik ; Jérôme Silva ; Nick Johnstone |
| Abstract: | This study uses a unique dataset of investment flows to analyse the role of two categories of public interventions (finance and policies) in mobilising flows of private climate finance worldwide and in the more specific context of flows to and in developing countries. The objectives are threefold. First, the paper presents ‘observed’ ratios of total private to public finance in selected climate-related sectors. Second, it seeks to understand the determinants of private climate finance flows by analysing the role of key public finance (bilateral, domestic and multilateral) and public policy instruments (feed-in tariffs, renewable energy quotas, the Clean Development Mechanism), while taking into account a number of market and country conditions. For reasons of data availability, the focus of this econometric analysis is on a subset of six renewable energy sectors (wind, solar, biomass, small hydro, marine and geothermal). Finally, the paper assesses the likely mobilisation impact of past public interventions in these six sectors, and draws a comparison with approaches that ignore the role of policy as well as country and market conditions.<P> Results suggest that both public finance and public policies have played an important role in private finance mobilisation globally. In the context of finance to and in developing countries, the results highlight the currently untapped potential of domestic public policies to increase mobilisation. The methodology proposed in this report is an initial attempt to estimate private climate finance mobilisation empirically. It should be seen as a first step towards developing more comprehensive methodologies for analysing and estimating private finance mobilisation in the global climate policy context. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy, climate change, investment, private finance, leverage, mobilisation, public interventions, estimation |
| JEL: | G3 H23 L94 O3 Q42 Q48 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2015–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:80-en&r=reg |
| By: | Steinbuks, Jevgenijs ; Satija, Gaurav ; Zhao, Fu |
| Abstract: | This study seeks to understand how materials scarcity and competition from alternative uses affects the potential for widespread deployment of solar electricity in the long run, in light of related technology and policy uncertainties. Simulation results of a computable partial equilibrium model predict a considerable expansion of solar electricity generation worldwide in the near decades, as generation technologies improve and production costs fall. Increasing materials scarcity becomes a significant constraint for further expansion of solar generation, which grows considerably slower in the second half of the coming century. Solar generation capacity increases with higher energy demand, squeezing consumption in industries that compete for scarce minerals. Stringent climate policies hamper growth in intermittent solar photovoltaics backed by fossil fuel powered plants, but lead to a small increase in non-intermittent concentrated solar power technology. By the end of the coming century, solar electricity remains a marginal source of global electricity supply even in the world of higher energy demand, strict carbon regulations, and generation efficiency improvements. |
| Keywords: | Energy Production and Transportation,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Environment and Energy Efficiency,Energy and Environment,Climate Change Economics |
| Date: | 2015–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7178&r=reg |
| By: | Tao Hong |
| Abstract: | When turning on the switch, people expect the light would be on. However, the business to keep the lights on is not that straightforward. This paper offers a practical overview of energy forecasting, an important task that electric utilities have been doing every day for over a century. |
| Keywords: | Energy forecasting; Electricity price forecasting; Load forecasting; Smart grid |
| JEL: | Q41 Q47 |
| Date: | 2013–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wuu:wpaper:hsc1315&r=reg |
| By: | Capozza, Claudia |
| Abstract: | The empirical evidence shows that travel time is crucial for rail transport to be a competitor to air transport. However, there are no papers testing whether travel time has a direct effect on airline pricing. This paper is a step towards filling this gap. We test and quantify the effect of rail travel time on airline fares, using unique data at flight-level. We find that airlines design pricing strategies taking into consideration the travel time of competing rail transport service. Airlines are found to set, on average, higher fares as rail travel time increases. However, the competitive pressure induced by rail travel time is perceived by airlines only as the day of departure gets closer: from the 30th to the day before departure it increases while it gradually decreases as the departure date gets further away. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sit:wpaper:15_03&r=reg |