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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | J. Vernon Henderson; Francisco Libano-Monteiro; Martina Manara; Guy Michaels; Tanner Regan |
| Abstract: | Urban planning has shaped cities for millennia, demarcating property rights and mitigating coordination failures, but its rigidities often conflict with market-driven development, which reflects preferences. Although planning is widespread in high-income countries, rapidly growing cities in the developing world are characterized by urban informality. Despite its importance, urban planning lacks an economic framework to evaluate planners' choices. This paper offers a starting framework and applies it to a flagship project in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, which partitioned greenfield land on the urban fringe into more than 36, 000 formal plots that people purchased and built homes on. To study this project, we assemble a novel dataset using administrative records, satellite imagery, and primary surveys. We develop and estimate a dynamic model in which planning design constrains the decisions of households of varying incomes to sort into formal areas. This model complements our reduced-form analysis, which uses within-neighborhood variation and spatial RD to study planning choices' effects. We find that the project secured property rights and access, raised land values relative to unplanned areas, and attracted highly educated owners. Within project areas, access to main paved roads, gridded layouts, and natural amenities are valued; plot development and public service provision have been slow; and the price elasticity of bare land with respect to plot size is -0.5. Counterfactual analysis using the model shows that while land value maximization involves the provision of larger plots, welfare maximization entails the provision of smaller plots to serve more lower-income people. |
| Keywords: | urban planning, economic development, Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2101 |
| By: | Lorena M. D’Agostino (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.); Rosina Moreno (AQR-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Damián Tojeiro-Rivero (ESADE-University Ramon Llull, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Taking the long-established evidence on knowledge spillovers that states that part of the new created knowledge spills over to other firms mostly located in the physical proximity, we aim at providing evidence on the role of green knowledge spillovers on firms’ innovation. We posit that in addition to internal factors, firm innovation is determined by external regional factors, among which we specifically focus on the spillovers generated by environmental EU-funded research at the regional level. The results indicate that the presence of partners engaged in EU-environmental projects in a region has a positive and significant effect on process innovation. |
| Keywords: | innovation; environment; EU-funded research; Framework Programme; region; firm. JEL classification: R11, O31, O44. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202423 |
| By: | Denis Kofi Dowui (CERViDA-DOUNEDON - Centre d'Excellence Régional sur les Villes Durables en Afrique (); Cheikh Ibrahima Ndiaye (SNCF RESEAU - SNCF RESEAU) |
| Abstract: | This article sheds light on the financing of mobility in Africa. Based on two research sites (Lomé and Dakar), it first highlights the difficulties of financing projects, emphasizing the predominance and inadequacy of public funds, as well as the low level of contributions from local authorities and private players. Mobility projects require substantial investment, long-term debt and social pricing. Local commercial banks are unable to provide long-term loans due to low capital levels, while contributions from local authorities with little financial autonomy are limited to the provision of roads. To attract investors, the article recommends building a territorial governance system for mobility and developing "bankable" projects. Indeed, there are many sources of funding available. But to be eligible, projects must go beyond mere "good ideas" and be built around feasibility studies. A case in point is the Rapid Transit Bus project supported by CETUD (Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains Durables) in Dakar. |
| Abstract: | Le présent article éclaire sur le financement de la mobilité en Afrique. A travers deux terrains de recherche (Lomé et Dakar), il met d'abord l'accent sur les difficultés de financement des projets en faisant observer la prédominance et l'insuffisance des fonds étatiques ainsi que la faiblesse des contributions des collectivités locales et des acteurs privés. Les projets de mobilité nécessitent des investissements importants, une dette à maturité longue contre une tarification sociale. Les banques commerciales locales sont incapables en raison d'un faible capital de fournir des prêts à long terme alors que les contributions des collectivités locales qui disposent d'une faible autonomie financière se résument à la mise à disposition de la voirie. Ainsi, pour attirer les investisseurs, l'article préconise de construire une gouvernance territoriale de la mobilité et de bâtir des projets « bancables ». En effet, les sources de financement sont multiples et disponibles. Mais pour être éligibles, les projets doivent aller au-delà de simples « bonnes idées » et bâtis autour des études de faisabilités. C'est l'exemple du projet de Bus Rapid Transit porté par le CETUD (Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains Durables) à Dakar. |
| Keywords: | urban growth, urban mobility, mobility funding, Bus Rapid Transit, croissance urbaine, mobilité urbaine, financement de la mobilité |
| Date: | 2024–01–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04219432 |
| By: | Navarro, Adoracion M.; Latigar, Jokkaz S. |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the state of the country’s road and rail transport infrastructure, identifies the challenges in the implementation of the related public investment program, and generates policy insights from the analysis. Quantity and quality indicators show that the Philippines continues to suffer from inadequate and poor quality road and rail transport infrastructure. The country has even fallen behind its Association of Southeast Asian Nations neighbors in improving the quantity and quality of its roads and rails. Many of the targets set in the Philippine Development Plan, the Public Investment Program, and the expenditure program were not met. The low absorptive capacity, as indicated by unmet expenditure targets of the major agencies in charge of the road and rail transport subsectors, suggests problems in implementation. Persistent problems in implementation pertain to right-of-way acquisition, financing, political intervention, weak capacity at the local government level, natural calamities, and project management issues. There also have been newly introduced problems, such as the adverse effects of the pandemic on the materials and manpower supply chain and delays in the release of project funds. To help address these issues, the study recommends that Congress enact a long-term national transport plan. In the interim, the executive branch must strictly adhere to the principles of its National Transport Policy and execute its self-imposed prescription to craft a national transport master plan. Capacity-building programs for local government units must continue and local road databases—which are important in helping prioritize areas for national government support—must be completed and integrated. To reduce political influences on project implementation, reform champions must come to the fore and regional development councils ought to institutionalize their procedures. |
| Keywords: | transport infrastructure;public investment program;road transport;rail transport;infrastructure quality |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:rps_2025-04 |
| By: | Simshauser, P.; Shellshear, E. |
| Abstract: | Renewable Energy Zones (REZ) and the associated transmission network infrastructure are an important policy development in Australia’s transitioning electricity market. REZs form the basis upon which to expand the renewable hosting capacity of the National Electricity Market (NEM) at scale, while simultaneously minimising the footprint of infrastructure – noting community, cultural heritage and environmental (i.e. biodiversity) sensitivities. In the NEM’s Queensland region, REZs are developed outside the regulatory framework as non-regulated or ‘merchant’ assets, with connecting generators paying user charges. Early REZs involved a small number of committed generators connecting to, and fully subscribing, the REZ asset. Under such conditions, cost allocation is straight forward. But when a geographically dispersed coalition of generators seek to connect over different timeframes and with longer distances involved – the cost allocation task and the tractability of merchant REZ commitment rises in complexity. Since merchant REZs are a novel concept, there is no historic practice to draw from. In this article, we identify the optimal coalition of connecting generators and rely on Shapley’s (1951) seminal work to devise a fair and efficient set of user charges, albeit in the context of renewable power project development. We also examine how to deal with transient idle capacity through structured financing and regulatory policy. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy Zones, Renewables, Battery Storage, Shapely Value |
| JEL: | D52 D53 G12 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2524 |
| By: | Camille Guirou (ISAE EAE - École de l'air et de l'espace); Laurent Beduneau-Wang (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | Value creation has been a critical element of strategic management since the 1980's (Porter, 1985). In the mid-1990s, Moore (Moore 1995; Benington & Moore 2010, 2011) introduced this concept into public management. Since then, public value (PV) has become a central focus for public management scholars (Bryson et al., 2014a; Meynhardt, 2009, 2015, Crosby, Hart & Torfing 2017). Recently, concern about strategizing and assessing public values throughout a strategy-as-practice lens became a novel topic of the field (Huijbregts, Bert & Bekkers, 2022). While the concept of strategic tools-in-use (Spee & Jarzabkowski, 2009; Jarzabkowski & Kaplan, 2015; Desmidt & Meyfroodt, 2021) has proven effective in strategic management, insufficient attention has been paid to the development of such tools for public management with a strategy-as-practice perspective (Whittington, 1996). This gap could hinder efforts to strategically manage and implement public values. To develop legitimate and meaningful public policies that serve the common good, it is essential to understand how decisions are made based on both shared and divergent values. This article explores visual strategic tools—specifically causal maps—and their potential to make public values explicit and visible. Our research question addresses how stakeholders involved in public projects can use these tools to visualize and strategize public values. Public Value Paradigm (PVP) emphasizes the creation of public values specific to the context (Bryson et al., 2014a). It responds to contemporary challenges by promoting a long-term vision for the relationship between the public sector and society (Meynhardt, 2015). PVP aims to place democracy at the heart of decision-making, advocating for participatory approaches that involve citizens and stakeholders in public discussions (Moore, 1995; Bryson et al., 2014a; Meynhardt, 2015). To enhance debates around shared and conflicting values, visual tools such as causal maps can play a key role, as they help to unveil public values (Cumming & Wilson, 2003) and to identify "emergent strategizing" (Eden & Ackermann in Huff & Jenkins, 2002). Further exploration of their potential to visualize and strategize public values is needed, especially empirically. To address this challenge, we conducted an action research project (Lewin, 1951; Huxham et al., 2000; Hatley et al., 2016) in a municipality in southern France around a participation process involving a wide range of various stakeholders. However, during this process, significant resistance emerged against fully visualizing public values. Participants felt betrayed by discrepancies between promises and reality. We found that while causal maps were useful in visualizing public values for strategic purposes, a parallel and surprising process of "invisualizing" certain values occurred, which undermined the democratic and participatory nature of the process. This experience led us to conclude that the use of visual tools like causal maps enable to sustain debates and gain reflexivity about public values but can also be used to identify what could prevent the emergence of a better governance and public management. |
| Keywords: | Public value, vizualizing, strategizing, causal maps, strategic tools-in-use, strategy as practice |
| Date: | 2025–04–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05044452 |