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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Hunger, Tom; Arnold, Marlen Gabriele; Engesser, Sven; van den Boogaart, K. Gerald |
| Abstract: | The integration of sustainability into the early stages of New Product Development (NPD) is critical for fostering innovation and ensuring long-term competitive advantage. This critical review explores the incorporation of sustainability facets within NPD processes. Despite the growing emphasis on sustainable practices, significant gaps persist in effectively embedding holistic sustainability approaches during initial NPD phases. This review critically analyzes existing literature, identifying the extent to which Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and other holistic methodologies are utilized for sustainable NPD. The review reveals that while numerous tools and frameworks exist to enhance sustainability in NPD, their application is often fragmented and lacks a comprehensive approach. Key barriers include the complexity of sustainability criteria, limited operational tools, data deficiencies, and high costs associated with sustainable practices. Furthermore, the current research predominantly addresses environmental and economic dimensions, with insufficient focus on social, cultural, political, and systemic aspects. The findings underscore the necessity for a multidimensional framework that integrates all facets of sustainability, supported by robust MCDA methods to manage trade-offs effectively. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement and the need for industry-specific adaptations of sustainability tools. Future research should aim to develop practical, validated tools that accommodate diverse sustainability dimensions and are adaptable across different sectors. |
| Date: | 2024–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qmg76 |
| By: | Dessaint, Olivier (INSEAD); Foucault, Thierry (HEC Paris); Frésard, Laurent (Universita della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano)) |
| Abstract: | We show that the quality of investors’ information across horizons has real effects. When managers focus on current stock prices, they under-invest if their price imperfectly reflects the value of their projects. We posit that this under-investment is larger when the horizon at which investors obtain information does not match the horizon of firms’ investment projects. Using a new hand-collected measure of projects' horizon, we test and confirm this hypothesis: Empirically, improvements in the quality of investors' information about long-term (short-term) cash flows induce firms with long-term (short-term) projects to invest more, particularly when managers prioritize current stock prices. |
| Keywords: | Project Horizon; Short-termism; Information Quality; Forecasting horizon; Forecasts’ informativeness; Managerial Incentives |
| JEL: | D84 G14 G17 M41 |
| Date: | 2022–11–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1462 |
| By: | Victoria Y. Fan (Center for Global Development); Brian S. Webster (Center for Global Development); Venkatesh Subramanian (The University of Texas at Dallas); Karen A. Grépin (Hong Kong University); David A. Watkins (University of Washington); Joseph L. Dieleman (University of Washington) |
| Abstract: | One approach to development assistance for health, or health aid, emphasizes the ex ante selection of cost-effective health interventions, an approach that began with the World Development Report (1993) on Investing in Health and has since been adopted by the Effective Altruism community. But just how much of health aid is cost-effective? In this paper, we examine projects in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Creditor Reporting System, the standard dataset that measures and characterizes development assistance for health, for the years 2019 to 2021, and count the number of projects that refer to interventions from a list of highly cost-effective interventions as defined by the Disease Control Priorities Project, third edition. This exploratory quantitative analysis indicates that 61% of projects used a key word/phrase of a cost-effective intervention. There were 11.9 interventions mapped per project on average. There is little evidence that donors tailor the set of interventions to country income levels by cost-effectiveness. Policymakers may benefit from reviewing the full portfolio of interventions covered by domestic and external resources. |
| Date: | 2024–08–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:700 |
| By: | Bhaduri, Parin; Pollack, Adam; Yoon, Jim; Chowdhury, Pranab K. Roy; Wan, Heng; Judi, David; Daniel, Brent; Srikrishnan, Vivek |
| Abstract: | Human-system responses to infrastructure projects are an important but overlooked driver of complex climate risks. For example, levees are commonly constructed to reduce flood hazards in low-lying areas and promote population and economic growth. Many studies show that levee construction achieves these goals but may also increase flood exposure to the point that overall risk increases beyond tolerable levels. Infrastructure planning practices tend not to account for this "levee effect, " biasing decision-makers towards large structural defense projects. One reason planning practices do not account for the levee effect is that it is difficult to model the dynamics that emerge from levee construction. In this study, we examine how uncertainties in flood hazard, levee fragility, and household decision-making contribute to the occurrence and strength of the levee effect in coastal environments. We find that flood impacts from extreme events post-levee construction are highly sensitive to factors related to household behavior towards flooding and levee breaching. By accounting for the uncertainty in structural failure and household awareness of flood risks, city officials may be able to simultaneously promote sustainable urban development and improve coastal resilience. |
| Date: | 2024–08–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9ejn8 |
| By: | Marco Due\~nas; Antoine Mandel |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effectiveness of the ``low-carbon economy'' expenditures from European Structural and Investment Funds in fostering reductions in greenhouse gas emissions within European regions, focusing on the 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 programme periods. By decomposing emissions time series into trend and cycle components and considering them within a panel data framework, our research highlights that the impacts of low-carbon economy expenditures vary, qualitatively and quantitatively, with the targeted regions' development level. We find significant emissions reductions in developed and transition regions yet less favourable outcomes in less developed areas. Further analysis into specific greenhouse gas emissions types (CO$_2$, CH$_4$, and N$_2$O) reveals inconsistent impacts, underscoring the complexity of achieving emissions reductions. Our findings emphasise the need for tailored environmental strategies that accommodate the economic disparities of regions in the European Union. |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2408.01782 |
| By: | Purohit, Yagnesh; Parkhi, Shilpa |
| Abstract: | In the fabrication industry, selecting the most suitable welding method is crucial for optimizing standard work hours (SWH) and achieving efficient resource utilization. This study aims to provide a systematic evaluation of three prevalent welding techniques—Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)—using the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). The objective is to identify the welding method that best balances efficiency, complexity, weld volume, and skill requirements. The methodology involves evaluating the three welding methods based on five key criteria: Labour Efficiency (LE), Operational Efficiency (OE), Job Weight, Weld Volume, and Skill Level. Each criterion is assigned a relative weight to reflect its importance in the overall evaluation. The SMART technique is employed to aggregate these weights and assess the performance of each welding method against the criteria. The findings reveal that GMAW stands out as the most effective welding method when considering the balance of efficiency, complexity, weld volume, and required skill level. GMAW's performance surpasses that of SMAW and GTAW in terms of overall suitability for most fabrication tasks. The study concludes that GMAW is optimal for enhancing productivity and resource management in the fabrication industry. Future research could expand on this study by incorporating additional criteria that might affect welding performance, such as environmental impact or cost considerations. Additionally, applying alternative multi-criteria decision-making techniques could provide further validation of the results and offer a more comprehensive analysis of the welding methods. This would enable a more nuanced understanding of the trade-offs between different welding techniques and their applicability to various industrial contexts. |
| Date: | 2024–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:q7bem |