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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Eliasson, Jonas |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the accuracy of cost estimates at different planning stages for Swedish transport infrastructure projects 2004-2022. Changes in project costs are tracked between the national investment plans established in 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022. Cost estimates tend to increase considerably during the planning stages on average, while cost estimates at start of construction do not deviate systematically from final costs. The distributions of cost escalations between subsequent investment plans are highly skewed, with modes close to zero, but means in the order of 20-30 percent for projects in the planning stages. Average cost escalations are larger for rail projects than for road projects. The paper also briefly describes the Swedish infrastructure planning and decision process, summarizes previous Swedish studies, and discusses possible causes and remedies of cost overruns. |
| Keywords: | cost overruns; transport infrastructure; project management; decision processes; transport policy |
| JEL: | R42 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120340&r=ppm |
| By: | Wouter DESSEIN; Desmond (Ho-Fu) LO; SHANGGUAN Ruo; OWAN Hideo |
| Abstract: | We explore the role of management in knowledge-intensive work. Our theory posits that the manager’s function in a project mainly consists of ex ante coordination, specifying and delegating tasks to the project team, and ex post coordination of the team’s execution of those tasks as the project unfolds. Consistent with the predictions generated from this view, our micro-level data from architectural design teams show a clear pattern of coordinated time use: (i) the involvement of both the manager and the project team is significantly higher ex ante than ex post; notably, this time pattern is more potent for more knowledge-intensive projects and projects subject to more information frictions, and (ii) the timing of the peak hours of the manager precedes those of the team. We also find that the team takes up the slack when the manager reduces ex-ante hours because of a heavier workload. Finally, projects in which managerial attention deviates from our predicted involvement correlate with higher team hours and lower overall profitability. Our study highlights the importance of managerial coordination and rational inattention in organizing knowledge workers. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24044&r=ppm |
| By: | Heinzel, Mirko; Reinsberg, Bernhard |
| Abstract: | Existing studies imply that multilateral development assistance is more effective than bilateral assistance. However, multilateral assistance is increasingly constrained through earmarked funding where donors restrict the use of their funds. Such funding shifts decision-making power away from multilateral donors and increases transaction costs through more stringent monitoring requirements. We argue that the consequences of these constraints are negative for aid effectiveness. We test this argument by studying the effectiveness of the World Bank in increasing economic growth. Our research design combines novel data on the funding composition of growth-focused development projects between 1995 and 2014 with georeferenced data on their sub-national locations within 50x50km grid cells. Using difference-in-differences estimation, we assess whether local economic development, measured through the Gross Cell Product, increases in areas where core- and trust-funded projects were located in the previous year. We find that while growth-focused projects are generally effective, core-funded projects have a substantially greater impact than trust-funded projects. These findings imply that donors should consider allocating a greater share of their multilateral development assistance as unearmarked contributions if they want to safeguard the development impact of this assistance. |
| Keywords: | aid effectiveness; earmarked funding; economic growth; sub-national analysis; trust funds; World Bank; MR/V022148/1 |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:122593&r=ppm |
| By: | mayssa Chebbi (LSR - Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Vincent Chapurlat (LSR - Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Jean-Samuel Wienin (LSR - Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Laurent Aprin (LSR - Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - MINES ALES - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Philippe Girones (CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives) |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses the challenges in risk management of complex depollution systems, marked by intricate interactions and emergent behaviors. The objective is to develop a comprehensive approach to risk management, accounting for the system's complexity and interconnectedness throughout the depollution project lifecycle. By employing a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) method using metamodels and models, the representation and analysis of multidisplinary components and their interactions are streamlined. The depollution system is modeled with stakeholders integrated as agents using Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSML). MBSE enables the examination of internal interactions and the evaluation of feasibility. Ultimately, this work aims to enhance depollution management by helping stakeholders assess feasibility, cost, and delay of depollution processes by effectively addressing risk management. |
| Keywords: | Risk management, Depollution system, Complex systems, System engineering, Model-based systems engineering |
| Date: | 2023–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04235719&r=ppm |
| By: | Fabian Scheifele; David Popp |
| Abstract: | Support from local citizens is important for the scale-up of renewable energy. We investigate the impact of utility-scale wind and solar parks on employment, GDP and public finances in Brazilian municipalities using a difference-in-differences design with matching. We find a positive employment impact of 1-1.5 jobs/MW in the 15 months preceding the commissioning of a solar park, when the park is under construction, but no impacts thereafter. For wind, we find no employment impacts during the construction phase and potentially a small impact of 0.2-0.25 jobs/MW in the 12 months following commissioning. In the year after commissioning, GDP increases 23% for an average sized solar park and 12% for an average sized wind project. The impacts only decrease slightly in the following years. We also find significant persistent fiscal revenue impacts in wind compared to only a one-time tax revenue increase in solar at the time of construction. Our results provide different implications for policymakers that want to advocate for renewable energy in their towns. While for solar, the main benefit constitutes a short-term increase in low-skilled employment and public revenues, wind energy provides more long-term financial benefits but less local employment opportunities. |
| Keywords: | employment, renewables, local impact, difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | Q52 O13 O14 E24 J21 H71 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11023&r=ppm |
| By: | Passmore, Reid; Watkins, Kari E; Guensler, Randall |
| Abstract: | Planners and engineers need to know how to assess the impacts of proposed cycling infrastructure projects, so that projects that have the greatest potential impact on the actual and perceived cycling safety are selected over those that would be less effective. Planners also need to be able to communicate these impacts to decision-makers and the public. This research addresses these problems using the BikewaySim cycling shortest path model. BikewaySim uses link impedance functions to account for link attributes (e.g., presence of a bike lane, steep gradients, the number of lanes) and find the least impedance path for any origin-destination pair. In this project, BikewaySim was used to assess the impacts of using time-only and time with attribute impedances, as well as two proposed cycling infrastructure projects, on 28, 392 potential trips for a study area in Atlanta, Georgia. These impacts were visualized through bikesheds, individual routing, and betweenness centrality. Two metrics, percent detour and change in impedance, were also calculated. Results demonstrate that BikewaySim can effectively visualize potential improvements of cycling infrastructure and has additional applications for trip planning. An expanded study area was also used to demonstrate bike + transit mode routing for four study area locations. Visualizations examine the accessibility to TAZs, travel time, and the utilized transit modes for each location. Compared to the walk + transit mode, the bike + transit mode provided greater access to other TAZs and reached them in a shorter amount of time. The locations near the center of the transit network where many routes converge offered the greatest accessibility for both the bike + transit and walk + transit modes. The difference in accessibility was greatest for locations near fewer transit routes. This research demonstrated how BikewaySim can be used to both examine the current cycling network and show changes in accessibility likely to result from new infrastructure. Both BikewaySim and TransitSim are open-source Python based tools that will be made available for practitioners to use in bicycle network planning. Future research will focus on calibrating link impedance functions with revealed preference data (cycling GPS traces) and survey response data (surveys on user preference for cycling infrastructure). View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, bicycle networks, shortest path routing, bicycle route choice, bicycle facility preference, first and last mile travel |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7pt4d1tk&r=ppm |
| By: | Volker, Jamey; Hosseinzade, Rey; Handy, Susan |
| Abstract: | Senate Bill (SB) 743 (2013) and its related regulations eliminated automobile level of service (LOS) and replaced it with vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as the primary transportation impact metric for land development projects under the California Environmental Quality Act. Actual implementation of the LOS-to-VMT shift was left up to lead agencies, primarily local governments. The LOS-to-VMT shift was expected to create many challenges, given the often-limited resources of local governments, the entrenched use of LOS, and the perceived lack of established practice regarding VMT estimation, mitigation, and monitoring. With those concerns in mind, researchers at the University of California, Davis investigated how local governments have been implementing the LOS-to-VMT shift for land development projects. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that investigation. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, implementation, land use, level of service, metrics, urban development, vehicle miles of travel |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4764h534&r=ppm |
| By: | Nic Spearman |
| Abstract: | Central banks world-wide are working to future-proof their role in a rapidly changing digital world. In this context, retail central bank digital currency (rCBDC) presents a potential tool for addressing key policy challenges going forward. These include monetary policy transmission, financial stability, payment system inefficiencies, and financial market failures. Addressing these challenges as well as improving integration with global payment systems are central to the SARBs strategic focus areas. Various rCBDC projects are in experimental stage working to assess policy uses and potential designs. These provide useful case studies for the SARB to understand the need for rCBDC and its potential policy spill-over effects. Understanding these impacts is important for ensuring the SARBs capacity to respond timeously and appropriately to the rapidly changing digital payment environment. For policy makers concerned by the prospect of currency substitution, a key economic lesson is that issuing rCBDC will not arrest currency substitution as it does not address the underlying economic factors that drive substitution. |
| Date: | 2022–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rbz:oboens:11040&r=ppm |
| By: | RADOVANOVIC Nikola (European Commission - JRC); BOLE Domen |
| Abstract: | The stakeholder dialogue within the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process has been often cited as the most critical stage in designing the Smart Specialisation strategy. It represents a very important milestone in the process, as it brings together key representatives of a society, coming from business, academic, civil and government spheres, to thoroughly discuss and agree on the number of priority areas followed by an appropriate policy mix. The findings from this stage are the key ingredients for the policymakers that are drafting a Smart Specialisation strategy. However, the engagement of such stakeholders needs to be maintained in the implementation stage as well, when policy instruments are tested in the real environment and the implementation results come into the light. Hence, the motivation for being involved in the continuous stakeholder dialogue in both Smart Specialisation design and implementation stages is of crucial importance. In the context of the EU Enlargement and Neighbourhood Region, where the Smart Specialisation advancement is followed against the dedicated frameworks for strategy design and implementation, this importance is even more demonstrated. This report provides a guidance on how to conduct the efficient and continuous Entrepreneurial Discovery Process in such setting |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136053&r=ppm |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Multiple crises are triggering turbulence, instability and insecurity in contemporary societies, with impacts on economies, the environment, politics, and global affairs. An effective response will require governments to be more ambitious and act with greater urgency in their science, technology and innovation (STI) policies to meet global challenges. Sustained investments and greater directionality in research and innovation activities are needed, and these should coincide with a reappraisal of STI systems and STI policies to ensure they are “fit-for-purpose” to contribute to transformative change agendas. This policy paper provides a framework to support governments in making these assessments. It identifies six STI policy orientations for transformative change that should guide these assessments. It applies these orientations across multiple areas of STI policy, including R&D funding, the research and innovation workforce, and international R&D co-operation, and outlines a series of concrete policy actions STI policymakers can take to accelerate transformative change. |
| Date: | 2024–04–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:164-en&r=ppm |
| By: | Léa Tardieu (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Perrine Hamel (NTU - Nanayang Technological University); Mehdi Mikou (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lana Coste (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Harold Levrel (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Nature in the city is a significant asset for cities' adaptation to climate change and contributes to the quality of life of people in many ways. Its contribution, predominantly positive but also negative, can be represented by ecosystem services and disservices. In this paper, we question the input of consideration, mapping and communication on ES in creating a common language among stakeholders with different background and practices, and to make nature more visible in urban planning decisions. The question is addressed qualitatively through stakeholders' interviews. The results show the potential added value of se as a tool for acculturation, territorial dialogue and evaluation in favour of the conservation and development of nature in the city. |
| Abstract: | La nature est un atout conséquent d'adaptation des villes au changement climatique et contribue à la qualité de vie des citadins. Ses contributions, positives comme négatives, peuvent être représentées par les services (se) et dis-services écosystémiques. Dans cet article, nous questionnons l'apport de la considération, de la cartographie et de la communication autour des se dans les processus d'aménagement urbain pour créer un langage commun auprès d'acteurs aux différents parcours et pratiques, et pour mieux appréhender la nature dans les décisions d'aménagement. La question est traitée de manière qualitative, par des entretiens d'acteurs de l'aménagement urbain. Les résultats témoignent de la plus-value que pourrait représenter la considération des se dans les processus d'aménagement, en tant qu'outil d'acculturation, de dialogue territorial et enfin d'évaluation en faveur de la conservation et du développement de la nature en ville. |
| Keywords: | services écosystémiques, aménagement du territoire, planification urbaine, villes durables, Île-de-France, nature en ville, Services écosystémiques aménagement du territoire planification urbaine villes durables Ile-de-France nature en ville Ecosystem services spatial planning urban planning Ile-de-France sustainable cities urban nature Auteurs, Services écosystémiques, Ile-de-France, nature en ville Ecosystem services, spatial planning, urban planning, sustainable cities, urban nature Auteurs |
| Date: | 2023–12–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04509326&r=ppm |