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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Foarta, Dana; Ting, Michael M. |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a dynamic theory of the interaction of organizational capacity and its institutional context. Higher capacity enables organizations to deliver projects efficiently, while institutional barriers allow opposing interests to reallocate project payoffs at the cost of delays. Projects that are small and distributionally unequal are vulnerable to revisions. Project designers avoid revisions by equalizing distributive benefits or inflating project scales to increase the cost of revisions. We show that "matched" levels of capacity and institutional barriers minimize welfare. Organizational systems with high capacity and low institutional barriers, or low capacity and high institutional barriers, generate more efficient outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Organizational Capacity, Revisions, Power Transitions, Project Delays, Project Design |
| JEL: | D73 D82 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cbscwp:281758&r=ppm |
| By: | Gretsch, Oliver; Tietze, Frank; Kock, Alexander |
| Abstract: | Intellectual property (IP) ownership aggressiveness constitutes an organization's strategic stance that prioritizes its IP protection. An organization thus pursues a rigid approach to protect its background IP and strives for exclusive ownership of the foreground IP that results from collaborative projects. This paper investigates how firms' IP ownership aggressiveness influences university–industry collaboration (UIC) project success and examines if the relationship is contingent on the governance modes that firms employ in UICs, especially the intensity of contract formality and shared governance. Analysing survey data from UIC projects of medium‐sized to large firms covering four industries, we find that the levels of contract formality and shared governance moderate the effect of firms' IP ownership aggressiveness on project success. Strong contract formality leads to a negative relationship between firms' IP ownership aggressiveness and UIC project success. Conversely, if firms apply strong shared governance, the relationship between IP ownership aggressiveness and UIC project success is positive. Given firms' strategic approach to protect background IP and claim ownership of foreground IP, these results have implications for UIC managers when selecting governance modes to best support UIC project success. |
| Date: | 2024–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:142707&r=ppm |
| By: | Szekeres, Szabolcs |
| Abstract: | Social Time Preference (STP) and Social Opportunity Cost (SOC) discounting differ in their objectives, but STP discounting measures capital costs incorrectly. The two-rate discounting method proposed here corrects this error, which current methods of shadow pricing capital (SPC) don’t. Thereafter project choice discrepancies between alternative methods decrease substantially and the choice between them becomes unambiguous. The SOC rate is the hurdle feasibility rate either way. The marginal cost of public funds (MCF) correction is not an alternative to SPC correction; both must be used in conjunction when warranted. The Ramsey equation is a tautology that cannot predict the STP rate. |
| Keywords: | Social discount rate; Prescriptive discounting; Descriptive discounting; STP discounting; SOC discounting; Two-rate discounting; Shadow Price of Capital; Marginal Cost of Funds; Declining discount rates; Ramsey rule. |
| JEL: | D61 H43 |
| Date: | 2024–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120014&r=ppm |
| By: | Kaur, Jasleen |
| Abstract: | The performance of aid projects matters for development. Yet what shapes performance, is insufficiently understood. According to interdisciplinary research on organizational management and bureaucratic representation, the gender of operational leaders in complex organizations can have a discernible effect on all aspects of the project cycle. To this end, I seek to test whether the gender of aid project staff matters in explaining variation in project performance. I use a self-collected novel dataset from the Asian Development Bank to discern whether project staff’s gender (women vs men project leaders) is associated with project performance. I use multinomial-ordered logistic regressions to test the association of the gender of project managers with project performance measures of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. I find that projects led by women are, on average, associated with higher performance ratings on dimensions of efficiency. Significant and positive association with the relevance criterion is subject to model specification. However, I do not see an association with the effectiveness and sustainability criterion of project performance. This paper contributes to the literature by estimating the differential impact of women vs men project managers on disaggregated performance measures. It also lays down potential mechanisms and future research discourse |
| Date: | 2024–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uv9fh&r=ppm |
| By: | Justin Beaudoin (Department of Economics, Acadia University); Justin Tyndall (University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization and Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa) |
| Abstract: | Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems have become increasingly common in US cities. BRT stations provide a local amenity by improving transportation options for local residents, but may also represent a local nuisance due to noise or displacement of other road users. We estimate whether BRT is priced into local real estate by studying a recently opened BRT project in Vancouver, Washington. We use a difference-in-difference method with both hedonic and repeat sales estimators to test for a price effect. We estimate a 5-7% price premium for homes located within a 20 minute walk of a BRT station. Overall, BRT generated new real estate value that exceeded the project’s construction costs by a factor of six. We discuss how government could leverage future residential property value increases to fund construction of BRT projects. |
| Keywords: | Transportation, Transit, Bus Rapid Transit, Real Estate |
| JEL: | R30 R32 R38 R40 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hae:wpaper:2023-3&r=ppm |
| By: | Kathryn Baragwanath Vogel; Gordon H. Hanson; Amit Khandelwal; Chen Liu; Hogeun Park |
| Abstract: | This paper integrates daytime and nighttime satellite imagery into a spatial general-equilibrium model to evaluate the returns to investments in new motorways. Our approach has particular value in developing-country settings in which granular data on economic activity are scarce. To demonstrate our method, we use multi-spectral imagery—publicly available across the globe—to evaluate India’s varied road construction projects in the early 2000s. Estimating the model requires only remotely-sensed data, while evaluating welfare impacts requires one year of population data, which are increasingly available through public sources. We find that India’s road investments from this period improved aggregate welfare, particularly for the largest and smallest urban markets. The analysis further reveals that most welfare gains accrued within Indian districts, demonstrating the potential benefits of using of high spatial resolution of satellite images. |
| JEL: | O1 R1 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32047&r=ppm |
| By: | Ben Gilbert (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Hannah Gagarin (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Ben Hoen (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) |
| Abstract: | The goals of this paper are twofold: we first aim to quantify the impact of US wind development on local communities in terms of earnings and employment for workers and establishments. Second, we examine and then illustrate how the use of data aggregated to arbitrary spatial units (i.e., counties) can lead to biased economic impact estimates. We accomplish these goals using disaggregated, geocoded data on the universe of workers and establishments from 23 states who participated in their state’s unemployment insurance program. We compare estimates of regional economic spillovers from aggregating this data in two ways. First, we aggregate to increasing 20-mile rings around the location of wind projects (and matched control locations) and estimate impacts in a difference-in-differences framework. Second, we aggregate to the county level and then use county centroids to further aggregate county-level data to increasing 20-mile rings before re-estimating the same specifications. We find that the average wind project causes employment at establishments within 20 miles to increase by between 3.5 to 4.5 percent, whereas we find no discernible average effect on employment at greater distances, or for earnings at any distance. We find that the employment effect persists for as many as four years after the project arrives. Using worker data, we find employment and earnings effects of similar aggregate magnitude, but spread across further distances from the wind project. This is consistent with wind development spurring economic activity at nearby establishments, which improves employment prospects for workers who may commute to those establishments. Results using county-aggregated data are much smaller and mostly statistically insignificant. This has implications not just for policymakers, but for researchers who aim to continue to understand how burgeoning energy sectors such as wind impact local areas. |
| Keywords: | wind power, employment, income, geographic spillovers |
| JEL: | J2 J3 Q4 R12 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mns:wpaper:wp202301&r=ppm |
| By: | Beata Cichocka (Center for Global Development); Rachael Calleja (Center for Global Development); Sara Casadevall Bellés (Center for Global Development); Emma Mawdsley (University of Cambridge) |
| Abstract: | Despite the increasing imperative for cross-provider collaboration, the quest for a truly “global” development paradigm remains elusive, marked by persistent divides between different types of development providers’ normative frameworks, models, experiences, capacities, and institutional allegiances. This paper explores the potential role of countries to act as bridges across these varying institutional, normative, or technical “distances” between providers. We begin by examining why, when, and under what conditions countries choose to act as bridges, given their differing capacities, credibility, knowledge, and willingness to act in the role. We then identify some common types and illustrative examples of bridging countries, including “dual donors, ” “development experience” bridges, “political” bridges, and “geographic or cultural” bridges, and explore some of the most common types of actions that they can undertake. While all of these actions—whether joint project implementation, hosting forums, brokering agreements, or contributing to the creation of more inclusive norms and multilateral spaces— require some level of both political and technical commitment, they vary in terms of the level of ambition and mutual trust required to undertake action and therefore provide a broad range of options suited to a variety of contexts, agendas, and actors wishing to play a bridging role. Following a brief examination of the benefits and risks associated with bridging, the paper concludes with some policy recommendations for bridging countries that wish to approach this ambitious challenge more strategically. |
| Date: | 2024–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:322&r=ppm |