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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Scandizzo Pasquale Lucio (University of Rome “Tor Vergata” and OpenEconomics); Cufari Daniele (Independent Researcher) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a new methodology of project evaluation based on the use of a social accounting matrix (SAM). The method proposed considers both the project as an autonomous shock and as an endogenous activity, thus capturing both the demand and the supply side effects, that can be associated to investment. In assessing project impact, these two effects have to be considered complementary, even though they may be combined in different proportions and with different strength in different practical cases. The autonomous dimension is however a distinctive feature of a project as an economic concept. Its consideration has important implications to assess the structural impact of a project as an activity ranging complete isolation to total embeddedness in the economic system. The paper also shows that both in its construction and operational phases the project displays structural effects on the economic system and that these effects may be sizable and may be partly offsetting the direct impact of the project on demand and supply variables. |
| Keywords: | Project, autonomy, embeddedness, structure, social accounting matrix, social rate of return |
| JEL: | C67 C68 H43 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awm:wpaper:18&r=ppm |
| By: | Barberis, Virginia; Brouwer, Laura; von der Goltz, Jan; Hobden, Timothy; Saidi, Mira; Schuettler, Kirsten; Seyfert, Karin |
| Abstract: | The need for jobs support in economies affected by forced displacement and conflict is high, with forced displacement at its highest level since the Second World War and poverty expected to be increasingly concentrated in economies affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV). Developing impactful and cost-effective jobs support requires good data on program costs and benefits, but such information remains notoriously scarce in FCV and displacement situations. This study presents insights from a new dataset of cost and results in the jobs support project portfolios of Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the World Bank in six low- and middle-income economies affected by conflict and displacement. It analyzes results on the cost-efficiency of jobs support to inform design and budget planning, as well as results on cost effectiveness, with a view to informing choice between different modalities while taking into account additionality and sustainability of outcomes achieved. |
| Keywords: | Forced displacement; fragility, conflict and violence; jobs; cost-effectiveness. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:jbsgrp:32579793&r=ppm |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to develop a new model or approach to earnings management for sustainability. The challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation have stimulated interest in sustainability. But such interest has not led to the development of new models that demonstrate how earnings management by firms can contribute to sustainability and sustainable development. I show that the surplus income model allows a firm to contribute or donate to a relevant sustainability activity or project out of its surplus income. Under this model, managers have an incentive to generate surplus income from which they can contribute to a relevant sustainability activity or project, thereby making the firm a champion of sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Earnings management, surplus income model, income smoothing, income targeting, tax rebate, environment, sustainability, sustainable development, accounting, managerial discretion |
| JEL: | M10 M40 M41 M48 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118803&r=ppm |
| By: | Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cyprus International University, North Cyprus); Richard Sogah (Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa 99628, Turkey); Abdallah Othman (Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Department of Economics Queen’s University Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Çagay Coskuner (Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa 99628, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | The implementation of projects often affects employment through direct job creation, indirectly stimulating employment or augmenting labour supply. These changes in employment have significant benefits and costs to both labour and society. However, the estimation of job creation benefits is complicated because of the large diversities in labour input. We attempt to address this issue by using the supply price approach to develop an analytical framework based on sound microeconomic principles to assist project analysts to arrive at justifiable empirical estimates of the economic opportunity cost of labour for a wide range of labour types across a set of diverse situations and market conditions in Ghana. The paper adopts the relevant literature regarding the specifics of labour markets and the peculiarities of different labour types. Accordingly, the economic opportunity cost of labour will vary by skill, location, and labour market conditions that need to be incorporated into its estimation. In this analysis, the estimation has been carried out to quantify the economic opportunity cost of labour, the conversion factor, as well as the labour externalities corresponding to the two types of labour: skilled and unskilled. Similarly, these estimates refer to groups of labour according to areas of residence: rural and urban. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy subsidy; distributed energy resources; feed-in tariff; stakeholder analysis; benefit-cost analysis; Ontario; Canada. |
| JEL: | O2 D61 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4608&r=ppm |
| By: | Fiorentin, Florencia; Pereira, Mariano; Suárez, Diana |
| Abstract: | This study explores the presence of gender bias in public grants for science and technology (S&T) activities known as the Matilda effect in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in Argentina. The empirical analysis is based on the Scientific and Technological Research Projects program (PICT in Spanish) for the period 20032015 and found that female researchers are less likely to be awarded the first time they apply for a research grant than their male counterparts (-6.2 percentage points, or p.p.). Even for follow-on applications after the first one, without having been awarded before, female researchers remain less likely to be awarded (-3.8 p.p.). However, the probability of being recurrently awarded known as the Matthew effect is the same for both male and female researchers. This paper concludes that female researchers in STEM suffer disadvantages in the allocation of public funds to finance their research projects. Only those female researchers that overcome the initial barriers and obtain their first grant can take advantage, as their male counterparts do, of the Matthew effect that makes them more likely to obtain further awards. These results suggest the need for policies aiming at reducing the initial gender gap in accessing public grants for female researchers in STEM. |
| Keywords: | Matthew effect;Matilda effect;gender bias;STEM;S&T grants;Argentina |
| JEL: | N46 O31 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:11990&r=ppm |
| By: | Ullah, Nazim; Rakesh, Rakesh; Shariar, Fahim; Ahmed, Safin; Sakib, Kaisar; Chowdhury, Tahmidul |
| Abstract: | Project management plays significant roles to the success of the project. The aim of the study is to review and analyze latest literature on the effects of triple constraints on the project outcome. The study is based on the secondary method whereas literatures are collected form the google scholar ranging from 2010 to 2023. After reviewing the literature, the study concludes a number of findings. The quality of the project is highly depended on the time and budget. However, inadequate management, stakeholders involvement are also play crucial roles towards project success. By scrutinizing the literature, this study contributes to a better comprehension of the challenges and critical factors that project managers need to consider when managing complex projects in Bangladesh. The study recommends to the policyholders, practitioners and academia have to make a balance between cost and time so that the quality of the project would be ensured. |
| Keywords: | Triple Constraints, Project Management, Stakeholders, Project Success |
| JEL: | G32 |
| Date: | 2023–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118723&r=ppm |