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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Anne Russel (IMT Atlantique - SSG - Département Sciences sociales et de gestion - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Stéphanie Tillement (IMT Atlantique - SSG - Département Sciences sociales et de gestion - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - IUML - FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Benoît Journé (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - IUML - FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Abstract This chapter discusses the organizational and occupational dimensions of resilience in temporary organizing contexts and how these contribute to sustained reliable performance. When dealing with issues related to high levels of safety in complex settings, longstanding organizations with strong organizational routines are often described as the most appropriate forms of organizing. However, temporary forms of organizing are developing and little is known on how actors engaged in such contexts can enhance and sustain resilience when facing uncertainty in safety-critical contexts. This chapter addresses this gap in the literature by demonstrating that temporary organizations, such as project-based ones, can also deal with major safety issues, and that temporary forms of organizing can help complex projects to be efficiently and safely carried out. We examine this proposition by studying the case of an inter-organizational and safety-critical project: the construction by a shipyard of a series of ships. Looking at the meso-level, i.e. the occupational groups involved in the project, we show how temporary forms of organizing and occupational groups together contribute to the resilience of the whole project. We highlight that the ability of the project to coordinate temporary organizing forms is key in achieving (safe) performance. |
| Date: | 2022–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03702420&r= |
| By: | Meier, Andre Klaus |
| Abstract: | While software firms increasingly rely on agile methods in their development processes and consequently transform to entirely agile firms, this movement lately also transferred to the domain of physical product development. More specifically, even traditional mechanical engineering firms increasingly rely on agilely organized Research and Development (R&D) units to cope with the current business environment’s increased demands for innovations at even shorter time intervals. However, since extant agility research primarily stems from the information systems and operations management fields, agility research in R&D and innovation management literature is rising but still scarce, resulting in the concept’s insufficient exploration in this context. Moreover, extant research shares agility literature’s general flaws, such as a strong focus on the firm or project level and software development. Moreover, literature highly focuses on the concept’s outcome perspective, i.e., increased adaptiveness, instead of elucidating how to organize to be agile, i.e., the capability perspective. As a result of these shortcomings, extant literature has neglected the practically highly relevant phenomenon of agile R&D units, particularly their organization, which makes them so adaptive in new product development (NPD). This dissertation addresses this shortcoming by linking insights from agility research, R&D and innovation management literature, and organizational theory. Based on an interview data set from twelve agility experts and three survey data sets from 178 R&D managers, 110 R&D project managers, and 454 R&D project employees, this dissertation conducts four investigations in the form of separate research studies. By the studies’ alignment, the dissertation, for the first time, elucidates what holistically constitutes agile R&D units’ organization (ARDO) and reveals ARDO’s consequences on the R&D units’ overall performance and the individual employees nested in the R&D units. Moreover, this dissertation contributes to agility, R&D and innovation management literature, as well as organizational theory in general, first by approaching the agility concept in a new context, via a new unit of analysis, and from a new angle, thus finally and holistically conceptualizing agility’s neglected capability perspective. Second, by providing a better understanding of agility’s and innovation performance’s interplay, particularly by further linking the concept to innovation’s front end. Third, ARDO’s identification and operationalization as such a competence advance dynamic capabilities theory, which facilitates future quantitative research on a dynamic capability in the context of R&D and on agile R&D units in physical product development in general. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:133395&r= |
| By: | Amendolagine, Vito; Crescenzi, Riccardo; Rabellotti, Roberta |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how institutional conditions at national and regional levels shape the decisions of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) to invest abroad by means of either acquisitions or greenfield investments. The empirical analysis covers all Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) projects in the European Union by the largest MNEs in the world to study alternative choices by the same firm and account for firm-level characteristics in investment decisions. The empirical results show that - other things being equal - MNEs prefer acquisitions to control activities in regions with stronger investment eco-systems, while they choose greenfield investments in regions with weaker systemic conditions. Moreover, the regional quality of government makes a fundamental difference to the nature of the investment projects attracted by regions: those with high quality of government can attract greenfield investments undertaken by the most productive MNEs. By improving their quality of government, local and regional policy makers can attract higher quality FDI to their constituencies, potentially breaking the vicious circle between low productivity areas and low productivity FDI. |
| Keywords: | greenfield FDI; cross-border acquisitions; firm terogeneity; regions; Europe; insitutions; European Union Horizon 2020 Programme H2020/2014-2020 (Grant Agreement n 639633-MASSIVE-ERC-2014-STG). |
| JEL: | R12 R58 F23 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115597&r= |
| By: | Jeoffrey Dehez (UR ETTIS - Environnement, territoires en transition, infrastructures, sociétés - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Juliette Tison-Rosebery (UR EABX - Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pierre Anschutz (EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques - OASU - Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - EPHE - École pratique des hautes études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Vincent Bertrin (UR EABX - Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ludovic Ginelli (UR ETTIS - Environnement, territoires en transition, infrastructures, sociétés - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sophie Le Floch (UR ETTIS - Environnement, territoires en transition, infrastructures, sociétés - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cristina Ribaudo (UR EABX - Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | AQUAVIT project aims to support the management of aquatic invasive plants in French South Western lakeshores. Such lakes are attractive recreational and tourist areas, and confronted with environmental issues related to colonization by invasive aquatic plants. The project develops a multidisciplinary approach combining social sciences and environmental sciences. Our results shows the necessity to move away from a univocal representation of the potential consequences of the presence of dense mats of invasive aquatic plants, as well as to contextualize the socio-environmental associated issues. As a corollary, our research provides insights on how to build a territorial management of biological invasion, as opposed to the dominant "top-down" and/or "command and control" strategies, which are still widely used in this sector, but whose limits are becoming increasingly apparent. |
| Abstract: | Le projet AQUAVIT vise à accompagner l'évolution des modalités de gestion des lacs de la façade Atlantique, en Aquitaine, en tant qu'espaces supports d'activités récréatives et touristiques, confrontés à des enjeux environnementaux liés aux colonisations par les plantes aquatiques invasives. Une démarche pluridisciplinaire, associant les sciences humaines et sociales et les sciences de l'environnement, a été élaborée dans cette optique. Nos résultats invitent à s'éloigner d'une représentation univoque des conséquences potentielles de la présence d'herbiers denses de plantes aquatiques invasives, tout comme à contextualiser les problématiques socio-environnementales de leur développement. Sur cette base, nous dessinons plusieurs pistes pour une approche à caractère territorial de la gestion des phénomènes d'invasions biologiques. |
| Keywords: | Plantes aquatiques invasives,Lacs,Loisirs de nature,Pluridisciplinarité,Territoire / territorialisation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03694760&r= |
| By: | Samuel Zarka (CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, LISE - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire pour la sociologie économique - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CMH - Centre Maurice Halbwachs - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The production of fiction for streaming platforms, of which Netflix is emblematic, was presented in France as a promise: that of supporting ambitious projects, led by showrunners and mobilizing teams over long periods. In this issue of Connaissance de l'emploi, a qualitative interview survey of technicians in the sector reveals a redefinition of the relationships between the stakeholders in production, which is shaking up the established professional references. The possible ways of working are therefore distributed between two poles, ranging from a very controlled support to original projects to the hardening of a relationship between principal and service provider. The very effectiveness of collective work cooperations is questioned. |
| Abstract: | La production de fiction pour les plateformes de streaming, dont Netflix est emblématique, s'est présentée en France comme une promesse : celle de soutenir des projets ambitieux, portés par des showrunners et mobilisant des équipes sur des durées longues. Dans ce numéro de Connaissance de l'emploi, une enquête qualitative par entretiens, menée auprès de techniciens du secteur, fait plutôt apparaître une redéfinition des relations entre les parties prenantes de la production, qui bouscule les repères professionnels établis. Les modalités de travail possibles se distribuent dès lors entre deux pôles, allant d'un soutien très encadré à des projets originaux au durcissement d'une relation entre donneur d'ordre et prestataire. L'efficacité même des coopérations collectives de travail s'en trouve interrogée. |
| Keywords: | netflix,plateforms,showrunner,labor laws,droit du travail,conventions de travail,Netflix |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03698347&r= |