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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Dughera, Stefano; Quatraro,Francesco; Ricci,Andrea; Vittori,Claudia (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of temporary workers on innovation both theoretically and empirically. First, we develop a model where a representative firm chooses between different types of projects (routine vs innovative) and different types of labor contracts (temporary vs permanent). In doing so, it considers the effect of these different strategies on the workers’ incentives to invest in firm-specific skills. Our key finding is that firms offering temporary contracts are less likely to invest in innovative projects, and that this is effect is stronger in industries characterized by a “garage-business” innovation regime. Second, we test our hypotheses using firm-level data on employment composition and patent filing. Consistently with our theoretical predictions, we find that temporary workers are detrimental to innovation, and that this effect is mitigated by the concentration of patent-filing at the industry-level. |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:202115&r= |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Achilleas Vassilopoulos; Valentino Marini Govigli; Laura Secco; Phoebe Koundouri; Elena Pisani; Alkis Kafetzis |
| Abstract: | In the Mediterranean basin, the status of commercial fish stocks is critical. In this sense, small scale, low impact fishing is seen as one of the ways to redress this balance, as it utilizes methods having minimal impacts on the marine environment, species, and habitats. Furthermore, sustainable small-scale fishing is an important activity for both economic and social reasons. Although low impact fishers make up 95% of the Greek fleet, they manage to reach only about 17% of the total consumers, thereby reaping only a small proportion of the profits. In this paper, we explore how social innovation can support public policies and the private sector in delivering successful and innovative food distribution channels in the Greek fishing sector. Through an innovative evaluation method based on both qualitative information and quantitative indicators we analyse the project 'A Box of Sea', established in 2016 by Greenpeace Greece and fishers in Leros and Lesvos. This initiative provides a novel food consumption and distribution model aiming at making low impact fishing more economically viable, and therefore achieving a triple sustainability for the sector (environmental, social, and economic). Our results shed light on the processes which brought the project to thrive. Moreover, we identify third sector social innovation schemes as key tools to develop novel distribution systems supporting local communities (fostering new networks and collaborations across fishers), while improving governance practices of the current fishing sector creating a fairer market that protects the marine environment. |
| Keywords: | Social Innovation, Sustainable Fisheries, Evaluation Framework, Rural Development, Mediterranean, Greece |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2037&r= |
| By: | Sayour, Nagham (Zayed University); Schröder, Marcel (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the job creation impacts of the large foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Mongolia’s non-resource sector following the signing of the investment agreement for the Oyu Tolgoi mine in 2009. Using FDI project and national employment data over 2009–2013, we employ a triple difference methodology on the sector–province (aimag)-year level. The results suggest that each FDI job and every $1 million FDI inflow displace 5.5 and 20 local jobs, respectively. Several factors may explain this result: the majority of FDI was targeted at sectors such as transportation and retail where efficiency gains led to job losses; the low skill-intensity of FDI jobs in those sectors; the low labor supply elasticity in Ulaanbaatar where most of the FDI projects are concentrated; and the limited extent of localized supply chains. |
| Keywords: | resource boom; foreign direct investment; local job multiplier; Mongolia |
| JEL: | F21 J21 O11 Q32 Q33 |
| Date: | 2021–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0642&r= |