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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Ricciardelli, Alessandra; Raimo, Nicola; Manfredi, Francesco; Vitolla, Filippo |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the integration of sustainability principles in urban planning has become increasingly important. The growing attention to economic, social and environmental aspects is also influencing the practice and policy of urban regeneration. In particular, the search for new ways to regenerate cities in a sustainable way has led to the concept of sustainable urban regeneration. However, despite the relevance of this concept, only a few contributions have quantitatively examined the actual sustainability outcomes of different urban regeneration interventions. This study aims to fill this important gap by examining the level of sustainability of urban regeneration interventions in the Apulian context. The results of the multiple case study analysis show a high level of sustainability of the interventions in all three contexts examined. However, they show some weaknesses related mainly to the absence of strategies aimed at the inclusion of women in the labour market and to the low efficiency in the use of energy. The results offer important implications and guidelines for municipalities implementing urban regeneration projects. |
| Keywords: | Urban regeneration,Urban sustainability,Sustainable urban regeneration,Sustainability indicators,Apulia |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:246779&r= |
| By: | Michela Giorcelli; Bo Li |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the causal effect of technology and knowledge transfers on early industrial development. Between 1950 and 1957, the Soviet Union supported the “156 Projects” in China for the construction of technologically advanced, large-scale, capital-intensive industrial facilities. We exploit idiosyncratic delays in project completion and the unexpected end of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, due to which some projects received Soviet technology embedded in capital goods and know-how, while others were eventually realized by China alone using domestic technology. We find that receiving both Soviet technology and know-how had large, persistent effects on plant performance, while the effects of receiving only Soviet capital goods were short-lived. The intervention generated horizontal and vertical spillovers, as well as production reallocation from state-owned to privately owned companies since the late 1990s. |
| JEL: | L2 M2 N34 N64 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29455&r= |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) pose challenges to public services in all countries regardless of their level of development. Their broad scope and interconnectedness, long-term commitment and contextualisation at both local and regional level require dedicated focus on government capacities to deliver. This paper analyses the major capacity areas that can support a shift from siloed policy making to more integrated approaches. It defines an ideal benchmark for assessing both the individual and organisational capacities needed by a public service to successfully deliver the SDGs. The paper, which was commissioned as part of a project to build civil service skills for SDG implementation in Poland, is drafted by Cristophe Dietrich and Marco Gozio of the ICON Institute. |
| Date: | 2021–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaaa:47-en&r= |
| By: | Altenbrunn, Kerstin; Elsasser, Peter |
| Abstract: | In the project "Quantification and regionalisation of the value of forest ecosystem services in Germany (ReWaLe)", the economic benefits of forest ecosystem services are analysed. In particular, the forest ecosystem services of raw wood production, climate protection, recreational services and various services for nature protection and landscape preservation are considered. The model developed within this framework combines valuation data with regional statistical information applying valuation functions implemented in a geographic information system (GIS) and visualises the results. The regional data are managed with the help of geodatabases and can thus be applied to the model calculation. The ReWaLe model consists of a toolbox in which the various valuation functions are implemented. The application is possible via input masks as well as scripts. Simulations of how changes in forest management affect economic forest values can be done by varying the input data into the model. This technical documentation for the ReWaLe model (regionalisation of the economic value of forest services) includes a brief introduction, information on the data basis used and available in the project, the data preparation and processing relevant for the model, and a description of the implementation of the valuation functions in the geographic information system. In addition, information on licensing rights, the coordinate system used and the definition of forest in the project are explained. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:316073&r= |
| By: | Dirk Czarnitzki; Marek Giebel |
| Abstract: | We utilize a new survey experiment to evaluate the existence and degree of financial constraints for R&D in the economy. The experiment does not only allow to deduct the presence of financial constraints, but also to evaluate their economic significance. Using data on German companies, we find that financial constraints for R&D exist but that their relevance might have been overestimated in the literature. Most R&D projects that have not been implemented because of financial constraints turn out to have low expected marginal rates of return. While this findings stands in some contrast to other studies, we also find several results that are in line with the literature: young firms are most constrained and the constraints occur at the intensive margin, i.e. our results do not suggest that non-innovative companies are deterred from innovation. Instead, highly innovative companies are restricted by the capital market. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Financial Constraints, Survey Experiment |
| Date: | 2021–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:msiper:683800&r= |
| By: | van Dick, Rolf; Cordes, Berrit L.; Lemoine, Jérémy E. Lemoine; Steffens, Niklas K.; Haslam, S. Alexander; Akfirat, Serap Arslan; Ballada, Christine Joy A.; Bazarov, Tahir; Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, John; Avanzi, Lorenzo; Bodla, Ali Ahmad; Bunjak, Aldijana; Černe, Matej; Dumont, Kitty; Edelmann, Charlotte M.; Epitropaki, Olga; Fransen, Katrien; García-Ael, Cristina; Giessner, Steffen R.; Gleibs, Ilka H.; Godlewska-Werner, Dorota; González, Roberto; Kark, Ronit; Laguia Gonzalez, Ana; Lam, Hodar; Lipponen, Jukka; Lupina-Wegener, Anna; Markovits, Yannis; Maskor, Mazlan; Molero Alonso, Fernando Jorge; Monzani, Lucas; Moriano Leon, Juan Antonia; Neves, Pedro; Orosz, Gábor; Pandey, Diwakar; Retowski, Sylwiusz; Roland-Lévy, Christine; Samekin, Adil; Schuh, Sebastian; Sekiguchi, Tomoki; Jiwen Song, Lynda; Story, Joana; Stouten, Jeroen; Sultanova, Lilia; Tatachari, Srinivasan; Valdenegro, Daniel; van Bunderen, Lisanne; Van Dijk, Dina; Vörös, Viktor; Wong, Sut I; Youssef, Farida; Zhang, Xin-an; Kerschreiter, Rudolf |
| Abstract: | Do leaders who build a sense of shared social identity in their teams thereby protect them from the adverse effects of workplace stress? This is a question that the present paper explores by testing the hypothesis that identity leadership will contribute to stronger team identification among employees and, through this, be associated with reduced burnout. We tested this model with unique data sets from the Global Identity Leadership Development (GILD) project with participants from all inhabited continents. We compared two data sets from 2016/17 (N=5,290; 20 countries) and 2020/21 (N=7,294, 28 countries) and found very similar levels of identity leadership, team identification, and burnout across the five years. An inspection of the 2020/21 data at the onset and later in the COVID-19 pandemic showed stable identity leadership levels, and slightly higher levels of both burnout and team identification. Supporting our hypotheses, we found almost identical indirect effects (2016/17: b = -.132; 2020/21: b = -.133) across the five-year span in both data sets. Using a subset of N=111 German participants surveyed over two waves, we found the indirect effect confirmed over time with identity leadership (at T1) predicting team identifi-cation and, in turn, burnout three months later. Finally, we explored whether there could be a “too-much-of-a-good-thing”-effect for identity leadership. Speaking against this, we found a u-shaped quadratic effect whereby ratings of identity leadership at the upper end of the distri-bution were related to even stronger team identification and a stronger indirect effect on reduced burnout. |
| Keywords: | burnout; exhaustion; identity; leadership; team identification; cross-cultural study |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2021–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112609&r= |
| By: | Christoph Oberlack (CDE - Centre for Development and Environment [Bern] - Universität Bern [Bern], Institute of Geography [Bern] - University of Bern); Markus Giger (CDE - Centre for Development and Environment [Bern] - Universität Bern [Bern]); Ward Anseeuw (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, ILC - International Land Coalition); Camilla Adelle (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Magalie Bourblanc (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Perrine Burnod (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Malagasy Land Observatory); Sandra Eckert (CDE - Centre for Development and Environment [Bern] - Universität Bern [Bern], Institute of Geography [Bern] - University of Bern); Wegayehu Fitawek (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Eve Fouilleux (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel); Sheryl Hendriks (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Boniface Kiteme (CETRAD - Centre for Training and Integrated Research in ASAL Development); Livhuwani Masola (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Zaka Diana Mawoko (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Sara Mercandalli (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Aurélien Reys (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Maya da Silva (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Michael van der Laan (University of Pretoria [South Africa]); Julie Zaehringer (CDE - Centre for Development and Environment [Bern] - Universität Bern [Bern], Institute of Geography [Bern] - University of Bern); Peter Messerli (Institute of Geography [Bern] - University of Bern, University of Bern) |
| Abstract: | Large-scale agricultural investments (LAIs) transform land use systems worldwide. There is, however, limited understanding about how the common global drivers of land use change induce different forms of agricultural investment and produce different impacts on the ground. This article provides a cross-country comparative analysis of how differences in business models, land use changes, and governance systems explain differences in socio-economic, food security, and environmental impacts of LAIs in Kenya, Madagascar, and Mozambique. It brings together results on these aspects generated in the AFGROLAND project that collected data in a multi-method approach via household surveys, business model surveys, semi-structured household interviews, life-cycle assessments of farm production, analysis of remote-sensing data, key informant interviews, and document analysis. For the present project synthesis, we combined a collaborative expert workshop with a comparative analysis of 16 LAIs. The results show that the LAIs follow four distinctive impact patterns, ranging from widespread adverse impacts to moderate impacts. Results demonstrate how the following conditions influence how the global drivers of land use change translate into different LAIs and different impacts on the ground: labor intensity, prior land use, utilization of land, farm size, type of production, experience in local agriculture, land tenure security, accountability of state and local elites, the mobilization capacity of civil society, expansion of resource frontiers, agricultural intensification, and indirect land use change. The results indicate that commercial agriculture can be a component in sustainable development strategies under certain conditions, but that these strategies will fail without substantial, sustained increases in the economic viability and inclusiveness of smallholder agriculture, land tenure security, agro-ecological land management, and support for broader patterns of endogenous agrarian transformation. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural investments,Business models,Environment,Food security,Governance,Land use change,Livelihoods |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03419337&r= |