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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Driss Ezzine de Blas (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UPR Forêts et Sociétés - Forêts et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | How can we design conservation and development projects that produce lasting changes? How can we increase their effectiveness and legitimacy? The classical economic incentives of environmental policies (certification, sustainable forest management, payments for environmental services, green loans, etc.) are effective in the short term, but their environmental performance is not necessarily guaranteed in the long term. However, when the intrinsic motivations of beneficiaries are activated, these beneficiaries take greater ownership of the objectives of actions: they demonstrate more lasting behavioural change. Recent research combining behavioural economics and social psychology, conducted for such projects, is opening a rich and complementary avenue to mobilise this latent human potential. Considering intrinsic motivations implies recognising the importance of the psychological dimension of any action. Research and development decision-makers and donors can and ensure their calls for projects incorporate methods to identify and activate these motivations. |
| Keywords: | Incentive,motivation,value system,psychology,human behaviour,psychological factor,payments for ecosystem services,agriculture,conservation,environment,biodiversity,forest,theory of change,development policy,Tropical zone,Southeast Asia,Latin America,Africa,Madagascar,Mediterranean |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cirad-03261909&r= |
| By: | Szekeres, Szabolcs |
| Abstract: | Discounting project net flows that exclude financing costs with prescriptive rates fails to reflect costs of capital; discounting them with descriptive rates fails to reflect intertemporal preferences. A hybrid discounting method is proposed by which descriptive rates are used to forecast costs of capital and prescriptive rates are used to discount all-inclusive net welfare flows. An agent-based capital market model audits the performance of alternative discounting approaches. There is no need to reconcile the discounting approaches. They should be viewed as complementary, not as competing. For projects to be economically feasible their rate of return should exceed both the STPR and the SOCR. Following this rule will ensure that proposed public sector projects will be no less effective at converting present consumption into future consumption than what the public can already manage and that the benefits of proposed projects will exceed all their direct and indirect costs. |
| Keywords: | Social discount rate; Prescriptive discounting; Descriptive discounting; Hybrid discounting; Declining discount rates. |
| JEL: | D61 H43 |
| Date: | 2021–02–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:108397&r= |
| By: | Foreman-Peck, James (Cardiff Business School); Zhou, Peng (Cardiff Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that EU and national innovation subsidy policies stimulated Central and East-ern Europe Countries (CEEC) productivity in the years after their entry to the EU. However, the average effectiveness of national funding was higher for the Western control group coun-tries than for the CEEC sample. EU innovation subsidies partly compensated the CEEC for the greater innovation effectiveness and impact of western economies. Although they crowded out innovation projects or funding of local governments at the country level, the subsidies crowded in national and local projects at the firm level. Local/regional state innovation aid to enterprises encouraged no increase in labour productivity in all but one of sample CEEC countries. These impacts are assessed in a sequential structural econometric model estimated using Eurostat’s collection of Community Innovation Surveys covering the years 2006-2014. |
| Keywords: | innovation policy; European Union; R&D; subsidies |
| JEL: | L53 L21 H71 H25 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2021/15&r= |
| By: | Nourah Al Hosain; Alma Alhussaini (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | The King Abdulaziz Project for Public Transport in Riyadh city is one of the world’s largest urban transit systems being developed. The project aims to meet the demands of the city’s growing urban population while reducing traffic congestion, heavy private car dependence and air pollution. The performance of any public transport system largely depends on its accessibility. Therefore, this study evaluates the populations’ access to Riyadh’s public transport stations using network analysis tools based on geographic information systems. |
| Keywords: | Transist oriented development |
| Date: | 2021–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2021-dp10&r= |
| By: | Lascano Galarza, Monserrath Ximena |
| Abstract: | This research aims at investigating the impact of food assistance programmes on the resilience to food insecurity levels of rural agricultural households headed by females that are beneficiaries of the project “The R4 Rural Resilience Initiative” of the World Food Programme and Oxfam America’s, implemented during the period 2015-2016. During the empirical analysis, first, resilience and food security levels are estimated using the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis II methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization. Second, a reflective and reflexive method are used for a descriptive performance assessment of female vs male-headed households, before and after the project implementation. Finally, matching and difference-in-difference techniques, with an emphasis on gender, are used for impact evaluation. The performance analysis shows positive and significant effects of the project participation on male and female-headed households, being these effects on male-headed larger than in their counterparts. The impact evaluation shows a negative and significant relationship between female headed households’ programme participation and the variation of the outcome variables, but a positive and significant relationship between program participation and the levels of resilience and food security of female-headed households. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc21:312075&r= |
| By: | Mari Luomi; Fatih Yilmaz; Thamir Al Shehri; Nicholas Howarth (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines of a global carbon budget. KAPSARC’s Circular Carbon Economy Index project, launched in 2021, will develop a composite indicator (index) that measures and tracks country performance and potential on various dimensions of the CCE to support related policy discussions and planning. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency, Capital Expenditure, CO2 emissions, Econometrics |
| Date: | 2021–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:mpaper:ks--2021-mp01&r= |
| By: | Dowds, Jonathan; McRae, Glenn |
| Abstract: | Climate adaptation is now a well-documented need in the transportation sector, and there are strong conceptual frameworks for the adaptation process. Since climate adaptation is an emerging field, the pathways for developing the skills and competencies for adaptation careers are not well established. This white paper assesses the workforce development needs and current training opportunities related to transportation-sector climate adaptation. To do so, training needs were examined and opportunities identified by state and regional transportation agencies; training needs of aspiring and early-career climate adaptation professionals were cataloged; and a scan was completed of the educational opportunities in climate adaptation currently offered by universities in the United States. There is evidence of convergence on the areas of content knowledge, technical expertise, and soft skills that form the core competencies necessary to support climate adaptation within the transportation sector. These core competencies are in climate science, adaptation strategies, communication, and selection of adaptation measures/decision making under uncertainty. While these competencies need to be broadly distributed throughout transportation agencies, the relative emphasis placed on each competency will vary across agency functions and job responsibilities. The increased value placed on adaptation-related expertise by state departments of transportation and regional transportation agencies, as well as the emergence of new educational and training opportunities in climate adaptation available in higher education and professional organizations, is indicative of the potential for rapid growth in this area. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Business, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Climate adaptation, workforce development, training, extreme weather |
| Date: | 2021–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7pm1d8cn&r= |
| By: | Alejandro Guerrero-Ruiz; Paige Kirby; Kadambote Sachin |
| Abstract: | This case study explores whether the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be used as a shared framework for results by development co-operation actors in Samoa. The study offers an introduction to Samoa’s progress in mainstreaming the SDGs in national policy making, as well as in monitoring the SDG targets and indicators. It then focuses on the experiences of development co-operation partners in aligning their country-level programmes and frameworks with the SDGs, and identifies enabling factors, drivers and obstacles that contribute to SDG alignment and monitoring in Samoa. The study concludes with recommendations for both the government and its development partners to increase the collective use of the SDG framework and improve policy coherence, effectiveness and sustainable impact of all development efforts. |
| Keywords: | 2030 agenda, adaptive management, aggregation, data, development co-operation, development effectiveness, evidence-based, harmonisation, impact, Pacific, performance measurement, results, results framework, results-based management, SDGs, SIDS, small-island developing states, standard indicators, statistics |
| JEL: | O19 O20 O21 Z18 |
| Date: | 2021–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:100-en&r= |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This policy paper catalogues tools and techniques used by public actors such as national development banks and green investment banks to mitigate project-level risks and attract private investment in infrastructure. The paper updates the dataset underlying the 2018 "Progress Update on Approaches to Mobilising Institutional Investment for Sustainable Infrastructure", to provide an expanded typology of de-risking instruments and highlight several novel approaches for mobilising institutional investment. The analysis provides development banks and other public financial institutions a nuanced view of options for targeted mobilisation efforts. |
| Keywords: | de-risking, financial innovation, green, green growth, infrastructure, institutional innovation, public sector, risk |
| Date: | 2021–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:28-en&r= |