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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Laura Kreiling (OECD); Caroline Paunov (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The importance of knowledge co-creation – the joint production of innovation between industry, research and possibly other stakeholders, such as civil society – has been increasingly acknowledged. This paper builds on 13 cross-country case studies and co-creation experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to characterise the diversity of knowledge co-creation initiatives and identify lessons for policy. The paper identifies a strong rationale for policy to support knowledge co-creation because the benefits of successful co-creation initiatives outweigh the initial co-ordination costs. Moreover, knowledge co-creation initiatives can contribute to democratising innovation. Successful initiatives engage all stakeholders and have effective governance and management structures. They also have clearly defined ownership and use rights of the collaborations’ outcomes and benefit from favourable conditions to operate, including temporary staff mobility and institutional set-ups that facilitate collaboration and effective communication among participants. |
| Keywords: | case studies, collaborative innovation, COVID-19 pandemic, industry-science linkages, knowledge co-creation, OECD countries, policy recommendation |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O35 |
| Date: | 2021–06–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:115-en&r= |
| By: | Jérôme Massiani |
| Abstract: | European Union Guidelines have been for long the cornerstone of the evaluation of European funding for projects. An important aspect of this method is the general exclusion of taxation from computation. We argue that when applied on projects that shift demand from a highly taxed mode to a slightly less taxed one, the modus operandi described by the guidelines and used by analysts in documented papers, actually violates the principle of net of taxes computation. In most cases this inconsistency will be hardly visible to the analyst. However, when the procedure deals with projects where mode shift is important, in absolute or relative terms, the inconsistency will create important distortions in the results. |
| Keywords: | Cost-Benefit Analysis; European Union Guidelines; fuel duties; taxation; rail project; multimodal evaluation. |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mib:wpaper:470&r= |
| By: | Isaksson, Ann-Sofie (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, and); Durevall, Dick (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg) |
| Abstract: | Motivated by the lack of sub-national empirical evidence on the relationship between aid and institutional development, this study explores the local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in African aid receiving countries. We combine geo-referenced data on the subnational allocation of World Bank aid projects to Africa over the 1995-2014 period with geo-coded survey data for 73,640 respondents across 12 Sub-Saharan African countries. To account for the endogenous placement of World Bank project sites, we compare the estimated effect of living near a site where a World Bank project was under implementation or completed at the time of the interview, to that of living near a site where we know that a World Bank project appeared after the survey date. The empirical results suggest a positive impact of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality, as measured by citizens’ expressed willingness to abide by key formal institutions. This applies even if we consider overall World Bank aid, i.e. not just projects specifically targeted at institutional development. As may be expected, however, the estimated effects are more pronounced when restricting our attention to projects focusing on institution building. Notably, the observed effects concern finalized projects, not projects still under implementation, highlighting that institutional change is a slow process. |
| Keywords: | Aid; Institutions; Africa |
| JEL: | F35 O17 O19 O55 |
| Date: | 2021–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1391&r= |
| By: | Veronica Giwashi Maigida (Department of Banking and Finance, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, and Financial Analyist Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Glenn P. Jenkins (Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | Ethiopia is attributed to the widespread use of traditional methods for honey production, faulty equipment and training. This situation results in low productivity and quality of table honey, and only a little is prepared for the export. Due to low productivity and low agricultural income, this project seeks to improve farmers' livelihoods. This analysis describes the primary risk factors posed by beekeepers, and it calculates the net economic gains to the different project stakeholders. A deterministic cost-benefit model was used to determine three choices for intervention: the provision of three new beehives / per beekeeper, the provision of three new beehives with equipment / per beekeeper, and the provision of three modern beehives with modern beehives / per beekeeper equipment and training to improve the honey production capacity of the honey value chain in Ethiopia. |
| Keywords: | traditional beehives, modern beehives, honey production, honey value chain, sustainable development, Ethiopia. |
| JEL: | D13 D31 D61 D62 |
| Date: | 2021–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4576&r= |
| By: | Chakraborty, Debapriya; Buch, Koral; Tal, Gil |
| Abstract: | Total cost of ownership (TCO) studies are generally used as a tool to understand how and when plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) technology will reach cost parity with conventional fuel vehicles. Post cost-parity, the PEV market should be able to sustain without government intervention. The researchers present here a detailed analysis of vehicle manufacturing costs and market-level TCO accounting for technology uncertainties, behavioral heterogeneity, and key decision parameters of automakers. Using the estimates of the vehicle manufacturing costs, they estimate the cost of electrification of California’s LDV fleet to achieve the state’s net-zero emission goal by 2045. The results suggest that PEVs may not be cost competitive even in 2030 without stronger policy support and automakers initiative. Moreover, TCO is not a single number, and the cost of electrification will vary across the population based on the cost of vehicles available in the market, their charging capabilities at home and public, and energy costs. The TCO estimates and the cost of fleet electrification analysis not only has important implications for policymakers but can also offer a foundation for understanding the effect of market dynamics on the cost-competitiveness of the PEV technology. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Total cost of ownership, zero emission vehicles, teardown analysis, market segments |
| Date: | 2021–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt48c2z787&r= |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Rodier, Caroline; Zhang, Michael; Lin, Huachao; Lewis, Kathryn |
| Abstract: | There is a need to optimally allocate curb space-one of the scarcest resources in urban areas-to the different and growing needs of passenger and freight transport. Although there are plenty of linear miles of curbside space in every city, the growing adoption of ride-hailing services and the rise of e-commerce with its residential deliveries, and the increased number of micro-mobility services, have increased pressure on the already saturated transportation system. Traditional curbside planning strategies have relied on land-use based demand estimates to allocate access priority to the curb (e.g., pedestrian and transit for residential areas, commercial vehicles for commercial and industrial zones). In some locales, new guidelines provide ideas on flexible curbside management, but lack the systems to gather and analyze the data, and optimally and dynamically allocate the space to the different users and needs. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review on several topics related to curb space management, discussing various users (e.g., pedestrians, bicycles, transit, taxis, and commercial freight vehicles), summarizing different experiences, and focusing the discussion on Complete Street strategies. Moreover, the authors reviewed the academic literature on curbside and parking data collection, and simulation and optimization techniques. Considering a case study around the downtown area in San Francisco, the authors evaluated the performance of the system with respect to a number of parking behavior scenarios. In doing so, the authors developed a parking simulation in SUMO following a set of parking behaviors (e.g., parking search, parking with off-street parking information availability, double-parking). These scenarios were tested in three different (land use-based) sub-study areas representing residential, commercial and mixed-use. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Parking, curbside management, simulation, congestion, emissions, travel distances |
| Date: | 2021–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt3jn371hw&r= |